diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
index 133084b7c12ae..54f4bc0634021 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_llvm/src/coverageinfo/mod.rs
@@ -85,14 +85,6 @@ impl<'tcx> CoverageInfoBuilderMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
 
         let bx = self;
 
-        match coverage.kind {
-            // Marker statements have no effect during codegen,
-            // so return early and don't create `func_coverage`.
-            CoverageKind::SpanMarker | CoverageKind::BlockMarker { .. } => return,
-            // Match exhaustively to ensure that newly-added kinds are classified correctly.
-            CoverageKind::CounterIncrement { .. } | CoverageKind::ExpressionUsed { .. } => {}
-        }
-
         let Some(function_coverage_info) =
             bx.tcx.instance_mir(instance.def).function_coverage_info.as_deref()
         else {
@@ -109,7 +101,7 @@ impl<'tcx> CoverageInfoBuilderMethods<'tcx> for Builder<'_, '_, 'tcx> {
         let Coverage { kind } = coverage;
         match *kind {
             CoverageKind::SpanMarker | CoverageKind::BlockMarker { .. } => unreachable!(
-                "unexpected marker statement {kind:?} should have caused an early return"
+                "marker statement {kind:?} should have been removed by CleanupPostBorrowck"
             ),
             CoverageKind::CounterIncrement { id } => {
                 func_coverage.mark_counter_id_seen(id);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
index 645a417c32250..588aa1f40d79c 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/coverage.rs
@@ -88,14 +88,13 @@ pub enum CoverageKind {
     /// Marks a span that might otherwise not be represented in MIR, so that
     /// coverage instrumentation can associate it with its enclosing block/BCB.
     ///
-    /// Only used by the `InstrumentCoverage` pass, and has no effect during
-    /// codegen.
+    /// Should be erased before codegen (at some point after `InstrumentCoverage`).
     SpanMarker,
 
     /// Marks its enclosing basic block with an ID that can be referred to by
     /// side data in [`BranchInfo`].
     ///
-    /// Has no effect during codegen.
+    /// Should be erased before codegen (at some point after `InstrumentCoverage`).
     BlockMarker { id: BlockMarkerId },
 
     /// Marks the point in MIR control flow represented by a coverage counter.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/cleanup_post_borrowck.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/cleanup_post_borrowck.rs
index 5b4bc4fa13424..aaf2035fc2103 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/cleanup_post_borrowck.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_transform/src/cleanup_post_borrowck.rs
@@ -5,15 +5,20 @@
 //!   - [`AscribeUserType`]
 //!   - [`FakeRead`]
 //!   - [`Assign`] statements with a [`Fake`] borrow
+//!   - [`Coverage`] statements of kind [`BlockMarker`] or [`SpanMarker`]
 //!
 //! [`AscribeUserType`]: rustc_middle::mir::StatementKind::AscribeUserType
 //! [`Assign`]: rustc_middle::mir::StatementKind::Assign
 //! [`FakeRead`]: rustc_middle::mir::StatementKind::FakeRead
 //! [`Nop`]: rustc_middle::mir::StatementKind::Nop
 //! [`Fake`]: rustc_middle::mir::BorrowKind::Fake
+//! [`Coverage`]: rustc_middle::mir::StatementKind::Coverage
+//! [`BlockMarker`]: rustc_middle::mir::coverage::CoverageKind::BlockMarker
+//! [`SpanMarker`]: rustc_middle::mir::coverage::CoverageKind::SpanMarker
 
 use crate::MirPass;
-use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, BorrowKind, Rvalue, StatementKind, TerminatorKind};
+use rustc_middle::mir::coverage::CoverageKind;
+use rustc_middle::mir::{Body, BorrowKind, Coverage, Rvalue, StatementKind, TerminatorKind};
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
 
 pub struct CleanupPostBorrowck;
@@ -25,6 +30,12 @@ impl<'tcx> MirPass<'tcx> for CleanupPostBorrowck {
                 match statement.kind {
                     StatementKind::AscribeUserType(..)
                     | StatementKind::Assign(box (_, Rvalue::Ref(_, BorrowKind::Fake, _)))
+                    | StatementKind::Coverage(box Coverage {
+                        // These kinds of coverage statements are markers inserted during
+                        // MIR building, and are not needed after InstrumentCoverage.
+                        kind: CoverageKind::BlockMarker { .. } | CoverageKind::SpanMarker { .. },
+                        ..
+                    })
                     | StatementKind::FakeRead(..) => statement.make_nop(),
                     _ => (),
                 }
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.CleanupPostBorrowck.diff b/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.CleanupPostBorrowck.diff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..ff65ca7703928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.CleanupPostBorrowck.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+- // MIR for `main` before CleanupPostBorrowck
++ // MIR for `main` after CleanupPostBorrowck
+  
+  fn main() -> () {
+      let mut _0: ();
+      let mut _1: bool;
+  
+      coverage branch { true: BlockMarkerId(0), false: BlockMarkerId(1) } => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:8: 15:36 (#0)
+  
+      coverage ExpressionId(0) => Expression { lhs: Counter(0), op: Subtract, rhs: Counter(1) };
+      coverage ExpressionId(1) => Expression { lhs: Counter(1), op: Add, rhs: Expression(0) };
+      coverage Code(Counter(0)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:14:1 - 15:36;
+      coverage Code(Expression(0)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:37 - 15:39;
+      coverage Code(Counter(1)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:39 - 15:40;
+      coverage Code(Expression(1)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:16:1 - 16:2;
+      coverage Branch { true_term: Expression(0), false_term: Counter(1) } => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:8 - 15:36;
+  
+      bb0: {
+          Coverage::CounterIncrement(0);
+-         Coverage::SpanMarker;
++         nop;
+          StorageLive(_1);
+          _1 = std::hint::black_box::<bool>(const true) -> [return: bb1, unwind: bb5];
+      }
+  
+      bb1: {
+          switchInt(move _1) -> [0: bb3, otherwise: bb2];
+      }
+  
+      bb2: {
+          Coverage::CounterIncrement(1);
+-         Coverage::BlockMarker(1);
++         nop;
+          _0 = const ();
+          goto -> bb4;
+      }
+  
+      bb3: {
+          Coverage::ExpressionUsed(0);
+-         Coverage::BlockMarker(0);
++         nop;
+          _0 = const ();
+          goto -> bb4;
+      }
+  
+      bb4: {
+          Coverage::ExpressionUsed(1);
+          StorageDead(_1);
+          return;
+      }
+  
+      bb5 (cleanup): {
+          resume;
+      }
+  }
+  
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.InstrumentCoverage.diff b/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.InstrumentCoverage.diff
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8757559149a43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.InstrumentCoverage.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+- // MIR for `main` before InstrumentCoverage
++ // MIR for `main` after InstrumentCoverage
+  
+  fn main() -> () {
+      let mut _0: ();
+      let mut _1: bool;
+  
+      coverage branch { true: BlockMarkerId(0), false: BlockMarkerId(1) } => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:8: 15:36 (#0)
+  
++     coverage ExpressionId(0) => Expression { lhs: Counter(0), op: Subtract, rhs: Counter(1) };
++     coverage ExpressionId(1) => Expression { lhs: Counter(1), op: Add, rhs: Expression(0) };
++     coverage Code(Counter(0)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:14:1 - 15:36;
++     coverage Code(Expression(0)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:37 - 15:39;
++     coverage Code(Counter(1)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:39 - 15:40;
++     coverage Code(Expression(1)) => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:16:1 - 16:2;
++     coverage Branch { true_term: Expression(0), false_term: Counter(1) } => /the/src/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs:15:8 - 15:36;
++ 
+      bb0: {
++         Coverage::CounterIncrement(0);
+          Coverage::SpanMarker;
+          StorageLive(_1);
+          _1 = std::hint::black_box::<bool>(const true) -> [return: bb1, unwind: bb5];
+      }
+  
+      bb1: {
+          switchInt(move _1) -> [0: bb3, otherwise: bb2];
+      }
+  
+      bb2: {
++         Coverage::CounterIncrement(1);
+          Coverage::BlockMarker(1);
+          _0 = const ();
+          goto -> bb4;
+      }
+  
+      bb3: {
++         Coverage::ExpressionUsed(0);
+          Coverage::BlockMarker(0);
+          _0 = const ();
+          goto -> bb4;
+      }
+  
+      bb4: {
++         Coverage::ExpressionUsed(1);
+          StorageDead(_1);
+          return;
+      }
+  
+      bb5 (cleanup): {
+          resume;
+      }
+  }
+  
diff --git a/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs b/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..8a2fd67139bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/mir-opt/instrument_coverage_cleanup.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Test that CleanupPostBorrowck cleans up the marker statements that are
+// inserted during MIR building (after InstrumentCoverage is done with them),
+// but leaves the statements that were added by InstrumentCoverage.
+//
+// Removed statement kinds: BlockMarker, SpanMarker
+// Retained statement kinds: CounterIncrement, ExpressionUsed
+
+//@ unit-test: InstrumentCoverage
+//@ compile-flags: -Cinstrument-coverage -Zcoverage-options=branch -Zno-profiler-runtime
+//@ compile-flags: --remap-path-prefix={{src-base}}=/the/src
+
+// EMIT_MIR instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.InstrumentCoverage.diff
+// EMIT_MIR instrument_coverage_cleanup.main.CleanupPostBorrowck.diff
+fn main() {
+    if !core::hint::black_box(true) {}
+}
+
+// CHECK-NOT: Coverage::BlockMarker
+// CHECK-NOT: Coverage::SpanMarker
+// CHECK:     Coverage::CounterIncrement
+// CHECK-NOT: Coverage::BlockMarker
+// CHECK-NOT: Coverage::SpanMarker