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Changelog

All notable changes to Python.NET will be documented in this file. This project adheres to Semantic Versioning.

This document follows the conventions laid out in Keep a CHANGELOG.

Unreleased

Added

  • Added ToPythonAs<T>() extension method to allow for explicit conversion using a specific type. (#2311)

  • Added IComparable and IEquatable implementations to PyInt, PyFloat, and PyString to compare with primitive .NET types like long.

Changed

  • Added a FormatterFactory member in RuntimeData to create formatters with parameters. For compatibility, the FormatterType member is still present and has precedence when defining both FormatterFactory and FormatterType
  • Added a post-serialization and a pre-deserialization step callbacks to extend (de)serialization process
  • Added an API to stash serialized data on Python capsules

Fixed

  • Fixed RecursionError for reverse operators on C# operable types from python. See #2240
  • Fixed probing for assemblies in sys.path failing when a path in sys.path has invalid characters. See #2376

3.0.3 - 2023-10-11

Added

  • Support for Python 3.12

Changed

  • Use enum name in repr

3.0.2 - 2023-08-29

Fixed

  • Fixed error occuring when inheriting a class containing a virtual generic method
  • Make a second call to pythonnet.load a no-op, as it was intended
  • Added support for multiple inheritance when inheriting from a class and/or multiple interfaces
  • Fixed error occuring when calling GetBuffer for anything other than PyBUF.SIMPLE
  • Bumped clr_loader dependency to incorporate patches

3.0.1 - 2022-11-03

Added

  • Support for Python 3.11

Changed

  • Allow decoders to override conversion of types derived from primitive types

Fixed

  • Fixed objects leaking when Python attached event handlers to them even if they were later removed
  • Fixed PyInt conversion to BigInteger and System.String produced incorrect result for values between 128 and 255.
  • Fixed implementing a generic interface with a Python class

3.0.0 - 2022-09-29

Added

  • Ability to instantiate new .NET arrays using Array[T](dim1, dim2, ...) syntax
  • Python operator method will call C# operator method for supported binary and unary operators ([#1324][p1324]).
  • Add GetPythonThreadID and Interrupt methods in PythonEngine
  • Ability to implement delegates with ref and out parameters in Python, by returning the modified parameter values in a tuple. ([#1355][i1355])
  • Ability to override .NET methods that have out or ref in Python by returning the modified parameter values in a tuple. (#1481)
  • PyType - a wrapper for Python type objects, that also permits creating new heap types from TypeSpec
  • Improved exception handling:
  • exceptions can now be converted with codecs
  • InnerException and __cause__ are propagated properly
  • __name__ and __signature__ to reflected .NET methods
  • .NET collection types now implement standard Python collection interfaces from collections.abc. See Mixins/collections.py.
  • you can cast objects to generic .NET interfaces without specifying generic arguments as long as there is no ambiguity.
  • .NET arrays implement Python buffer protocol
  • Python integer interoperability with System.Numerics.BigInteger
  • Python.NET will correctly resolve .NET methods, that accept PyList, PyInt, and other PyObject derived types when called from Python.
  • .NET classes, that have __call__ method are callable from Python
  • PyIterable type, that wraps any iterable object in Python
  • PythonEngine properties for supported Python versions: MinSupportedVersion, MaxSupportedVersion, and IsSupportedVersion
  • The runtime that is loaded on import clr can now be configured via environment variables

Changed

  • Drop support for Python 2, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6
  • wchar_t size aka Runtime.UCS is now determined at runtime
  • clr.AddReference may now throw errors besides FileNotFoundException, that provide more details about the cause of the failure
  • clr.AddReference no longer adds ".dll" implicitly
  • PyIter(PyObject) constructor replaced with static PyIter.GetIter(PyObject) method
  • Python runtime can no longer be shut down if the Python error indicator is set, as it would have unpredictable behavior
  • BREAKING: Return values from .NET methods that return an interface are now automatically wrapped in that interface. This is a breaking change for users that rely on being able to access members that are part of the implementation class, but not the interface. Use the new __implementation__ or __raw_implementation__ properties to if you need to "downcast" to the implementation class.
  • BREAKING: == and != operators on PyObject instances now use Python comparison (previously was equivalent to object.ReferenceEquals(,))
  • BREAKING: Parameters marked with ParameterAttributes.Out are no longer returned in addition to the regular method return value (unless they are passed with ref or out keyword).
  • BREAKING: Drop support for the long-deprecated CLR.* prefix.
  • PyObject now implements IEnumerable<PyObject> in addition to IEnumerable
  • floating point values passed from Python are no longer silently truncated when .NET expects an integer #1342
  • More specific error messages for method argument mismatch
  • members of PyObject inherited from System.Object and DynamicObject` now autoacquire GIL
  • BREAKING: when inheriting from .NET types in Python if you override __init__ you must explicitly call base constructor using super().__init__(.....). Not doing so will lead to undefined behavior.
  • BREAKING: most PyScope methods will never return null. Instead, PyObject None will be returned.
  • BREAKING: PyScope was renamed to PyModule
  • BREAKING: Methods with ref or out parameters and void return type return a tuple of only the ref and out parameters.
  • BREAKING: to call Python from .NET Runtime.PythonDLL property must be set to Python DLL name or the DLL must be loaded in advance. This must be done before calling any other Python.NET functions.
  • BREAKING: PyObject.Length() now raises a PythonException when object does not support a concept of length.
  • BREAKING: disabled implicit conversion from C# enums to Python int and back. One must now either use enum members (e.g. MyEnum.Option), or use enum constructor (e.g. MyEnum(42) or MyEnum(42, True) when MyEnum does not have a member with value 42).
  • BREAKING: disabled implicit conversion from Python objects implementing sequence protocol to .NET arrays when the target .NET type is System.Object. The conversion is still attempted when the target type is a System.Array.
  • Sign Runtime DLL with a strong name
  • Implement loading through clr_loader instead of the included ClrModule, enables support for .NET Core
  • BREAKING: .NET and Python exceptions are preserved when crossing Python/.NET boundary
  • BREAKING: custom encoders are no longer called for instances of System.Type
  • PythonException.Restore no longer clears PythonException instance.
  • Replaced the old __import__ hook hack with a PEP302-style Meta Path Loader
  • BREAKING: Names of .NET types (e.g. str(__class__)) changed to better support generic types
  • BREAKING: overload resolution will no longer prefer basic types. Instead, first matching overload will be chosen.
  • BREAKING: acquiring GIL using Py.GIL no longer forces PythonEngine to initialize
  • BREAKING: Exec and Eval from PythonEngine no longer accept raw pointers.
  • BREAKING: .NET collections and arrays are no longer automatically converted to Python collections. Instead, they implement standard Python collection interfaces from collections.abc. See Mixins/collections.py.
  • BREAKING: When trying to convert Python int to System.Object, result will be of type PyInt instead of System.Int32 due to possible loss of information. Python float will continue to be converted to System.Double.
  • BREAKING: Python.NET will no longer implicitly convert types like numpy.float64, that implement __float__ to System.Single and System.Double. An explicit conversion is required on Python or .NET side.
  • BREAKING: PyObject.GetHashCode can fail.
  • BREAKING: Python.NET will no longer implicitly convert any Python object to System.Boolean.
  • BREAKING: PyObject.GetAttr(name, default) now only ignores AttributeError (previously ignored all exceptions).
  • BREAKING: PyObject no longer implements IEnumerable<PyObject>. Instead, PyIterable does that.
  • BREAKING: IPyObjectDecoder.CanDecode objectType parameter type changed from PyObject to PyType

Fixed

  • Fix incorrect dereference of wrapper object in tp_repr, which may result in a program crash
  • Fixed parameterless .NET constructor being silently called when a matching constructor overload is not found (#238)
  • Fix incorrect dereference in params array handling
  • Fixes issue with function resolution when calling overloaded function with keyword arguments from python ([#1097][i1097])
  • Fix object[] parameters taking precedence when should not in overload resolution
  • Fixed a bug where all .NET class instances were considered Iterable
  • Fix incorrect choice of method to invoke when using keyword arguments.
  • Fix non-delegate types incorrectly appearing as callable.
  • Indexers can now be used with interface objects
  • Fixed a bug where indexers could not be used if they were inherited
  • Made it possible to use __len__ also on ICollection<> interface objects
  • Fixed issue when calling PythonException.Format where another exception would be raise for unnormalized exceptions
  • Made it possible to call ToString, GetHashCode, and GetType on inteface objects
  • Fixed objects returned by enumerating PyObject being disposed too soon
  • Incorrectly using a non-generic type with type parameters now produces a helpful Python error instead of throwing NullReferenceException
  • import may now raise errors with more detail than "No module named X"
  • Exception stacktraces on PythonException.StackTrace are now properly formatted
  • Providing an invalid type parameter to a generic type or method produces a helpful Python error
  • Empty parameter names (as can be generated from F#) do not cause crashes
  • Unicode strings with surrogates were truncated when converting from Python
  • Reload mode now supports generic methods (previously Python would stop seeing them after reload)
  • Temporarily fixed issue resolving method overload when method signature has out parameters (#1672)
  • Decimal default parameters are now correctly taken into account

Removed

  • ShutdownMode has been removed. The only shutdown mode supported now is an equivalent of ShutdownMode.Reload. There is no need to specify it.
  • implicit assembly loading (you have to explicitly clr.AddReference before doing import)
  • messages in PythonException no longer start with exception type
  • PyScopeManager, PyScopeException, PyScope (use PyModule instead)
  • support for .NET Framework 4.0-4.6; Mono before 5.4. Python.NET now requires .NET Standard 2.0 (see the matrix)

2.5.2 - 2021-02-05

Bugfix release.

Fixed

  • Fix object[] parameters taking precedence when should not in overload resolution
  • Empty parameter names (as can be generated from F#) do not cause crashes

2.5.1 - 2020-06-18

Bugfix release.

Fixed

  • Fix incorrect dereference of wrapper object in tp_repr, which may result in a program crash
  • Fix incorrect dereference in params array handling

2.5.0 - 2020-06-14

This version improves performance on benchmarks significantly compared to 2.3.

Added

  • Automatic NuGet package generation in appveyor and local builds
  • Function that sets Py_NoSiteFlag to 1.
  • Support for Jetson Nano.
  • Support for __len__ for .NET classes that implement ICollection
  • PyExport attribute to hide .NET types from Python
  • PythonException.Format method to format exceptions the same as traceback.format_exception
  • Runtime.None to be able to pass None as parameter into Python from .NET
  • PyObject.IsNone() to check if a Python object is None in .NET.
  • Support for Python 3.8
  • Codecs as the designated way to handle automatic conversions between .NET and Python types
  • Added Python 3 buffer api support and PyBuffer interface for fast byte and numpy array read/write ([#980][p980])

Changed

  • Added argument types information to "No method matches given arguments" message
  • Moved wheel import in setup.py inside of a try/except to prevent pip collection failures
  • Removes PyLong_GetMax and PyClass_New when targetting Python3
  • Improved performance of calls from Python to C#
  • Added support for converting python iterators to C# arrays
  • Changed usage of the obsolete function GetDelegateForFunctionPointer(IntPtr, Type) to GetDelegateForFunctionPointer<TDelegate>(IntPtr)
  • When calling C# from Python, enable passing argument of any type to a parameter of C# type object by wrapping it into PyObject instance. ([#881][i881])
  • Added support for kwarg parameters when calling .NET methods from Python
  • Changed method for finding MSBuild using vswhere
  • Reworked Finalizer. Now objects drop into its queue upon finalization, which is periodically drained when new objects are created.
  • Marked Runtime.OperatingSystemName and Runtime.MachineName as Obsolete, should never have been public in the first place. They also don't necessarily return a result that matches the platform module's.
  • Unconditionally depend on pycparser for the interop module generation

Fixed

  • Fixed runtime that fails loading when using pythonnet in an environment together with Nuitka
  • Fixes bug where delegates get casts (dotnetcore)
  • Determine size of interpreter longs at runtime
  • Handling exceptions ocurred in ModuleObject's getattribute
  • Fill __classcell__ correctly for Python subclasses of .NET types
  • Fixed issue with params methods that are not passed an array.
  • Use UTF8 to encode strings passed to PyRun_String on Python 3

[2.4.0][] - 2019-05-15

Added

  • Added support for embedding python into dotnet core 2.0 (NetStandard 2.0)
  • Added new build system (pythonnet.15.sln) based on dotnetcore-sdk/xplat(crossplatform msbuild). Currently there two side-by-side build systems that produces the same output (net40) from the same sources. After a some transition time, current (mono/ msbuild 14.0) build system will be removed.
  • NUnit upgraded to 3.7 (eliminates travis-ci random bug)
  • Added C# PythonEngine.AddShutdownHandler to help client code clean up on shutdown.
  • Added clr.GetClrType (#432)(#433)
  • Allowed passing None for nullable args (#460)
  • Added keyword arguments based on C# syntax for calling CPython methods (#461)
  • Catches exceptions thrown in C# iterators (yield returns) and rethrows them in python (#475)(#693)
  • Implemented GetDynamicMemberNames() for PyObject to allow dynamic object members to be visible in the debugger (#443)(#690)
  • Incorporated reference-style links to issues and pull requests in the CHANGELOG (#608)
  • Added PyObject finalizer support, Python objects referred by C# can be auto collect now ([#692][p692]).
  • Added detailed comments about aproaches and dangers to handle multi-app-domains (#625)
  • Python 3.7 support, builds and testing added. Defaults changed from Python 3.6 to 3.7 ([#698][p698])
  • Added support for C# types to provide __repr__ ([#680][p680])

Changed

  • PythonException included C# call stack
  • Reattach python exception traceback information (#545)
  • PythonEngine.Intialize will now call Py_InitializeEx with a default value of 0, so signals will not be configured by default on embedding. This is different from the previous behaviour, where Py_Initialize was called instead, which sets initSigs to 1. (#449)
  • Refactored MethodBinder.Bind in preparation to make it extensible (#829)
  • Look for installed Windows 10 sdk's during installation instead of relying on specific versions.
  • Remove LoadLibrary call. ([#880][p880])

Fixed

  • Fixed secondary PythonEngine.Initialize call, all sensitive static variables now reseted. This is a hidden bug. Once python cleaning up enough memory, objects from previous engine run becomes corrupted. (#534)
  • Fixed Visual Studio 2017 compat (#434) for setup.py
  • Fixed crashes when integrating pythonnet in Unity3d (#714), related to unloading the Application Domain
  • Fixed interop methods with Py_ssize_t. NetCoreApp 2.0 is more sensitive than net40 and requires this fix. (#531)
  • Fixed crash on exit of the Python interpreter if a python class derived from a .NET class has a __namespace__ or __assembly__ attribute (#481)
  • Fixed conversion of 'float' and 'double' values (#486)
  • Fixed 'clrmethod' for python 2 (#492)
  • Fixed double calling of constructor when deriving from .NET class (#495)
  • Fixed clr.GetClrType when iterating over System members (#607)
  • Fixed LockRecursionException when loading assemblies (#627)
  • Fixed errors breaking .NET Remoting on method invoke (#276)
  • Fixed PyObject.GetHashCode (#676)
  • Fix memory leaks due to spurious handle incrementation ([#691][i691])
  • Fix spurious assembly loading exceptions from private types ([#703][i703])
  • Fix inheritance of non-abstract base methods (#755)

2.3.0 - 2017-03-11

Added

  • Added Code Coverage (#345)
  • Added PySys_SetArgvEx (#347)
  • Added XML Documentation (#349)
  • Added Embedded_Tests on AppVeyor (#224)(#353)
  • Added Embedded_Tests on Travis (#224)(#391)
  • Added PY3 settings to solution configuration-manager (#346)
  • Added Slack (#384)(#383)(#386)
  • Added function of passing an arbitrary .NET object as the value of an attribute of PyObject (#370)(#373)
  • Added Coverity scan (#390)
  • Added bumpversion for version control (#319)(#398)
  • Added tox for local testing (#345)
  • Added requirements.txt
  • Added to PythonEngine methods Eval and Exec (#389)
  • Added implementations of ICustomMarshal (#407)
  • Added docker images (#322)
  • Added hooks in pyinstaller and cx_freeze for pythonnet (#66)

Changed

  • Refactored python unittests (#329)
  • Refactored python setup.py (#337)
  • Refactored remaining of Build Directives on runtime.cs (#339)
  • Refactored Embedded_Tests to make easier to write tests (#369)
  • Changed unittests to pytest (#368)
  • Upgraded NUnit framework from 2.6.3 to 3.5.0 (#341)
  • Downgraded NUnit framework from 3.5.0 to 2.6.4 (#353)
  • Upgraded NUnit framework from 2.6.4 to 3.6.0 (#371)
  • Unfroze Mono version on Travis (#345)
  • Changed conda.recipe build to only pull-requests (#345)
  • Combine Py_DEBUG and PYTHON_WITH_PYDEBUG flags (#362)

Deprecated

  • Deprecated RunString (#401)

Fixed

  • Fixed crash during Initialization (#262)(#343)
  • Fixed crash during Shutdown (#365)
  • Fixed multiple build warnings
  • Fixed method signature match for Object Type (#203)(#377)
  • Fixed outdated version number in AssemblyInfo (#398)
  • Fixed wrong version number in conda.recipe (#398)
  • Fixed fixture location for Python tests and Embedded_Tests
  • Fixed PythonException crash during Shutdown (#400)
  • Fixed AppDomain unload during GC (#397)(#400)
  • Fixed Py_Main & PySys_SetArgvEx no mem error on UCS4/PY3 (#399)
  • Fixed Python.Runtime.dll.config on macOS (#120)
  • Fixed crash on PythonEngine.Version (#413)
  • Fixed PythonEngine.PythonPath issues (#179)(#414)(#415)
  • Fixed missing information on 'No method matches given arguments' by adding the method name

Removed

  • Removed six dependency for unittests (#329)
  • Removed Mono.Unix dependency for UCS4 (#360)
  • Removed need for Python.Runtime.dll.config
  • Removed PY32 build option PYTHON_WITH_WIDE_UNICODE (#417)

2.2.2 - 2017-01-29

Fixed

  • Missing files from packaging (#336)

2.2.1 - 2017-01-26

  • v2.2.0 had a release issue on PyPi. Bumped to v2.2.1

Added

  • Python 3.6 support (#310)
  • Added __version__ to module (#312)
  • Added conda recipe (#281)
  • Nuget update on build (#268)
  • Added __cause__ attribute on exception (#287)

Changed

  • License to MIT (#314)
  • Project clean-up (#320)
  • Refactor #if directives
  • Rename Decref/Incref to XDecref/XIncre (#275)
  • Remove printing if Decref is called with NULL (#275)

Removed

  • Python 2.6 support (#270)
  • Python 3.2 support (#270)

Fixed

  • Fixed isinstance refcount_leak (#273)
  • Comparison Operators (#294)
  • Improved Linux support (#300)
  • Exception pickling (#286)

2.2.0-dev1 - 2016-09-19

Changed

  • Switch to C# 6.0 (#219)
  • setup.py improvements for locating build tools (#208)
  • unmanaged exports updated (#206)
  • Mono update pinned to 4.2.4.4 (#233)

Fixed

  • Fixed relative imports (#219)
  • Fixed recursive types (#250)
  • Demo fix - stream reading (#225)

2.1.0 - 2016-04-12

Added

  • Added Python 3.2 support. (#78)
  • Added Python 3.3 support. (#78)
  • Added Python 3.4 support. (#78)
  • Added Python 3.5 support. (#163)
  • Managed types can be sub-classed in Python (#78)
  • Uses dynamic objects for cleaner code when embedding Python (#78)

Changed

  • Better Linux support (with or without --enable-shared option) (#78)

Removed

  • Implicit Type Casting (#131)

2.0.0 - 2015-06-26

  • Release

2.0.0-alpha.2

Changed

  • First work on Python 2.5 compatibility. The destination version can be set by defining PYTHON24 or PYTHON25. Python 2.6 compatibility is in work.

  • Added VS 2005 solution and project files including a UnitTest configuration which runs the unit test suite.

  • Enhanced unit test suite. All test cases are combined in a single test suite now.

  • Fixed bugs in generics support for all Python versions.

  • Fixed exception bugs for Python 2.5+. When compiled for Python 2.5+ all managed exceptions are based on Python's exceptions.Exception class.

  • Added deprecation warnings for importing from CLR.* and the CLR module.

  • Implemented support for methods with variable arguments spam(params object[] egg)

  • Fixed Mono support by adding a custom marshaler for UCS-4 unicode, fixing a some ref counter bugs and creating a new makefile.mono.

  • Added a standard python extension to load the clr environment. The src/monoclr/ directory contains additional sample code like a Python binary linked against libpython2.x.so and some example code how to embed Mono and PythonNet in a C application.

  • Added yet another python prompt. This time it's a C application that embedds both Python and Mono. It may be useful as an example app for others and I need it to debug a nasty bug.

  • Implemented ModuleFunctionAttribute and added ForbidPythonThreadsAttribute. The latter is required for module functions which invoke Python methods.

  • Added clr.setPreload(), clr.getPreload(), clr.AddReference("assembly name"), clr.FindAssembly("name") and clr.ListAssemblies(verbose). Automatic preloading can be enabled with clr.setPreload/True). Preloading is automatically enabled for interactive Python shells and disabled in all other cases.

  • New Makefile that works for Windows and Mono and autodetects the Python version and UCS 2/4 setting.

  • Added code for Python 2.3. PythonNet can be build for Python 2.3 again but it is not fully supported.

  • Changed the PythonException.Message value so it displays the name of the exception class Exception instead of its representation <type 'exceptions.Exception'>.

  • Added Python.Runtime.dll.config.

2.0.0-alpha.1

Changed

  • Moved the Python for .NET project to Sourceforge and moved version control to Subversion.

  • Removed CallConvCdecl attributes and the IL hack that they supported. .NET 2.x now supports UnmanagedFunctionPointer, which does the right thing without the hackery required in 1.x. This removes a dependency on ILASM to build the package and better supports Mono (in theory).

  • Refactored import and assembly management machinery. The old CLR. syntax for import is deprecated, but still supported until 3.x. The recommended style now is to use from System import xxx, etc. We also now support from X import * correctly.

  • Implemented a (lowercase) clr module to match IronPython for code compatibility. Methods of this module should be used to explicitly load assemblies. Implicit (name-based) assembly loading will still work until 3.x, but it is deprecated.

  • Implemented support for generic types and generic methods using the same patterns and syntax as IronPython. See the documentation for usage details.

  • Many small and large performance improvements, switched to generic collections for some internals, better algorithms for assembly scanning, etc.

  • Fixed an unboxing issue in generated delegate implementation code that affected delegates that return value types.

1.0.0 - 2006-04-08

Changed

  • Backported the refactored import and assembly management from the 2.x line, mainly to improve the possibility of code-compatibility with IronPython.

1.0.0-rc.2

Changed

  • Changed some uses of Finalize as a static method name that confused the Mono compiler and people reading the code. Note that this may be a breaking change if anyone was calling PythonEngine.Finalize(). If so, you should now use PythonEngine.Shutdown().

  • Tweaked assembly lookup to ensure that assemblies can be found in the current working directory, even after changing directories using things like os.chdir() from Python.

  • Fixed some incorrect finalizers (thanks to Greg Chapman for the report) that may have caused some threading oddities.

  • Tweaked support for out and ref parameters. If a method has a return type of void and a single ref or out parameter, that parameter will be returned as the result of the method. This matches the current behavior of IronPython and makes it more likely that code can be moved between Python for .NET and IP in the future.

  • Refactored part of the assembly manager to remove a potential case of thread-deadlock in multi-threaded applications.

  • Added a __str__ method to managed exceptions that returns the Message attribute of the exception and the StackTrace (if available).

1.0.0-rc.1

Changed

  • Implemented a workaround for the fact that exceptions cannot be new-style classes in the CPython interpreter. Managed exceptions can now be raised and caught naturally from Python (hooray!)

  • Implemented support for invoking methods with out and ref parameters. Because there is no real equivalent to these in Python, methods that have out or ref parameters will return a tuple. The tuple will contain the result of the method as its first item, followed by out parameter values in the order of their declaration in the method signature.

  • Fixed a refcount problem that caused a crash when CLR was imported in an existing installed Python interpreter.

  • Added an automatic conversion from Python strings to byte[]. This makes it easier to pass byte[] data to managed methods (or set properties, etc.) as a Python string without having to write explicit conversion code. Also works for sbyte arrays. Note that byte and sbyte arrays returned from managed methods or obtained from properties or fields do not get converted to Python strings - they remain instances of Byte[] or SByte[].

  • Added conversion of generic Python sequences to object arrays when appropriate (thanks to Mackenzie Straight for the patch).

  • Added a bit of cautionary documentation for embedders, focused on correct handling of the Python global interpreter lock from managed code for code that calls into Python.

  • PyObject.FromManagedObject now correctly returns the Python None object if the input is a null reference. Also added a new AsManagedObject method to PyObject, making it easier to convert a Python-wrapped managed object to the real managed object.

  • Created a simple installer for windows platforms.

1.0.0-beta.5

Changed

  • Refactored and fixed threading and global interpreter lock handling, which was badly broken before. Also added a number of threading and GIL-handling tests.

  • Related to the GIL fixes, added a note to embedders in the README about using the AcquireLock and ReleaseLock methods of the PythonEngine class to manage the GIL.

  • Fixed a problem in Single <--> float conversion for cultures that use different decimal symbols than Python.

  • Added a new ReloadModule method to the PythonEngine class that hooks Python module reloading (PyImport_ReloadModule).

  • Added a new StringAsModule method to the PythonEngine class that can create a module from a managed string of code.

  • Added a default __str__ implementation for Python wrappers of managed objects that calls the ToString method of the managed object.

1.0.0-beta.4

Changed

  • Fixed a problem that made it impossible to override "special" methods like __getitem__ in subclasses of managed classes. Now the tests all pass, and there is much rejoicing.

  • Managed classes reflected to Python now have an __doc__ attribute that contains a listing of the class constructor signatures.

  • Fixed a problem that prevented passing null (None) for array arguments.

  • Added a number of new argument conversion tests. Thanks to Laurent Caumont for giving Python for .NET a good workout with managed DirectX.

  • Updated the bundled C Python runtime and libraries to Python 2.4. The current release is known to also run with Python 2.3. It is known not to work with older versions due to changes in CPython type object structure.

  • Mostly fixed the differences in the way that import works depending on whether you are using the bundled interpreter or an existing Python interpreter. The hack I used makes import work uniformly for imports done in Python modules. Unfortunately, there is still a limitation when using the interpreter interactively: you need to do import CLR first before importing any sub-names when running with an existing Python interpreter.

    The reason is that the first import of CLR installs the CLR import hook, but for an existing interpreter the standard importer is still in control for the duration of that first import, so sub-names won't be found until the next import, which will use the now-installed hook.

  • Added support to directly iterate over objects that support IEnumerator (as well as IEnumerable). Thanks to Greg Chapman for prodding me ;)

  • Added a section to the README dealing with rebuilding Python for .NET against other CPython versions.

  • Fixed a problem with accessing properties when only the interface for an object is known. For example, ICollection(ob).Count failed because Python for .NET mistakenly decided that Count was abstract.

  • Fixed some problems with how COM-based objects are exposed and how members of inherited interfaces are exposed. Thanks to Bruce Dodson for patches on this.

  • Changed the Runtime class to use a const string to target the appropriate CPython dll in DllImport attributes. Now you only have to change one line to target a new Python version.

1.0.0-beta.3

Changed

  • A dumb bug that could cause a crash on startup on some platforms was fixed. Decided to update the beta for this, as a number of people were running into the problem.

1.0.0-beta.2

Changed

  • Exceptions raised as a result of getting or setting properties were not very helpful (target invokation exception). This has been changed to pass through the inner exception the way that methods do, which is much more likely to be the real exception that caused the problem.

  • Events were refactored as the implementation was based on some bad assumptions. As a result, subscription and unsubscription now works correctly. A change from beta 1 is that event objects are no longer directly callable - this was not appropriate, since the internal implementation of an event is private and cant work reliably. Instead, you should the appropriate OnSomeEvent method published by a class to fire an event.

  • The distribution did not include the key file, making it a pain for people to build from source. Added the key file to the distribution buildout for beta 2.

  • Assemblies can now be found and loaded if they are on the PYTHONPATH. Previously only the appbase and the GAC were checked. The system now checks PYTHONPATH first, then the appbase, then the GAC.

  • Fixed a bug in constructor invokation during object instantiation.

1.0.0-beta.1

Changed

  • Added the baseline of the managed embedding API. Some of the details are still subject to change based on some real-world use and feedback.

    The embedding API is based on the PyObject class, along with a number of specific PyDict, PyList, (etc.) classes that expose the respective interfaces of the built-in Python types. The basic structure and usage is intended be familar to anyone who has used Python / C++ wrapper libraries like CXX or Boost.

  • Started integrating NUnit2 to support unit tests for the embedding layer - still need to add the embedding tests (many already exist, but were written for an older version of NUnit).

  • Added Python iteration protocol support for arrays and managed objects that implement IEnumerable. This means that you can now use the Python idiom for item in object: on any array or IEnumerable object.

  • Added automatic conversion from Python sequence types to managed array types. This means, for example, that you can now call a managed method like AddRange that expects an array with any Python object that supports the Python sequence protocol, provided the items of the sequence are convertible to the item type of the managed array.

  • Added new demo scripts, mostly more substantial winforms examples.

  • Finished the unit tests for event support, and fixed lots of problems with events and delegates as a result. This is one of the trickier parts of the integration layer, and there is good coverage of these in the unit tests now.

  • Did a fair amount of profiling with an eval version of ANTS (which is quite nice, BTW) and made a few changes as a result.

  • Type management was refactored, fixing the issue that caused segfaults when GC was enabled. Unit tests, stress tests and demo apps now all run nicely with Python GC enabled. There are one or two things left to fix, but the fixes should not have any user impact.

  • Changed to base PythonNet on Python 2.3.2. This is considered the most stable release, and a good 25 - 30% faster as well.

  • Added a new CLR.dll that acts as an extension module that allows an existing unmodified Python 2.3 installation to simply import CLR to bootstrap the managed integration layer.

  • A bug was causing managed methods to only expose overloads declared in a particular class, hiding inherited overloads of the same name. Fixed the bug and added some unit tests.

  • Added a virtual __doc__ attribute to managed methods that contains the signature of the method. This also means that the Python help function now provides signature info when used on a managed class.

  • Calling managed methods and events unbound (passing the instance as the first argument) now works. There is a caveat for methods - if a class declares both static and instance methods with the same name, it is not possible to call that instance method unbound (the static method will always be called).

  • Overload selection for overloaded methods is now much better and uses a method resolution algorithm similar to that used by Jython.

  • Changed the managed python.exe wrapper to run as an STA thread, which seems to be more compatible with winforms apps. This needs a better solution long-term. One possibility would be a command line switch so that -sta or -mta could control the python.exe apartment state.

  • Added support for the Python boolean type (True, False). Bool values now appear as True or False to Python.

1.0.0-alpha.2

Changed

  • Added a Mono makefile. Thanks to Camilo Uribe for help in testing and working out problems on Mono. Note that it not currently possible to build PythonNet using mono, due to the use of some IL attributes that the mono assembler / disassembler doesn't support yet.

  • Preliminary tests show that PythonNet does actually run under mono, though the test suite bombs out before the end with an "out of memory" error from the mono runtime. It's just a guess at this point, but I suspect there may be a limited pool for allocating certain reflection structures, and Python uses the reflection infrastructure quite heavily.

  • Removed decoys like the non-working embedding APIs; lots of internal refactoring.

  • Implemented indexer support. Managed instances that implement indexers can now be used naturally from Python (e.g. someobject[0]).

  • Implemented sequence protocol support for managed arrays.

  • Implemented basic thread state management; calls to managed methods no longer block Python. I won't go so far as to say the thread choreography is "finished", as I don't have a comprehensive set of tests to back that up yet (and it will take some work to write a sufficiently large and evil set of tests).

  • Fixed a bug that caused conversions of managed strings to PyUnicode to produce mangled values in certain situations.

  • Fixed a number of problems related to subclassing a managed class, including the fact that it didn't work :)

  • Fixed all of the bugs that were causing tests to fail. This release contains all new bugs and new failing tests. Progress! :)

1.0.0-alpha.1

Added

  • Initial (mostly) working experimental release.