updateHostsFile.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Script by Ben Limmer
# https://github.com/l1m5
#
# This Python script will combine all the host files you provide
# as sources into one, unique host file to keep you internet browsing happy.

# pylint: disable=invalid-name
# pylint: disable=bad-whitespace

# Making Python 2 compatible with Python 3
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

import os
import platform
import re
import shutil
import string
import subprocess
import sys
import tempfile
import time
import glob
import argparse
import socket
import json

# zip files are not used actually, support deleted
# StringIO is not needed in Python 3
# Python 3 works differently with urlopen

try:                 # Python 3
    from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlencode
    from urllib.request import urlopen, Request
    from urllib.error import HTTPError
except ImportError:  # Python 2
    from urlparse import urlparse
    from urllib import urlencode
    from urllib2 import urlopen, Request, HTTPError

try:               # Python 2
    raw_input
except NameError:  # Python 3
    raw_input = input

# Detecting Python 3 for version-dependent implementations
Python3 = sys.version_info >= (3,0)

# This function handles both Python 2 and Python 3
def getFileByUrl(url):
    try:
        f = urlopen(url)
        return f.read().decode("UTF-8")
    except:
        print ("Problem getting file: ", url)
        # raise

# In Python 3   "print" is a function, braces are added everywhere

# Cross-python writing function
def writeData(f, data):
    if Python3:
        f.write(bytes(data, "UTF-8"))
    else:
        f.write(str(data).encode("UTF-8"))

# This function doesn't list hidden files
def listdir_nohidden(path):
    return glob.glob(os.path.join(path, "*"))

# Project Settings
BASEDIR_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

defaults = {
    "numberofrules" : 0,
    "datapath" : os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "data"),
    "freshen" : True,
    "replace" : False,
    "backup" : False,
    "skipstatichosts": False,
    "extensionspath" : os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "extensions"),
    "extensions" : [],
    "outputsubfolder" : "",
    "datafilenames" : "hosts",
    "targetip" : "0.0.0.0",
    "updateurlfilename" : "update.info",
    "readmefilename" : "readme.md",
    "readmetemplate" : os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "readme_template.md"),
    "readmedata" : {},
    "readmedatafilename" : os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "readmeData.json"),
    "exclusionpattern" : "([a-zA-Z\d-]+\.){0,}",
    "exclusionregexs" : [],
    "exclusions" : [],
    "commonexclusions" : ["hulu.com"],
    "whitelistfile" : os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "whitelist")}

def main():

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Creates a unified hosts file from hosts stored in data subfolders.")
    parser.add_argument("--auto", "-a", dest="auto", default=False, action="store_true", help="Run without prompting.")
    parser.add_argument("--backup", "-b", dest="backup", default=False, action="store_true", help="Backup the hosts files before they are overridden.")
    parser.add_argument("--extensions", "-e", dest="extensions", default=[], nargs="*", help="Host extensions to include in the final hosts file.")
    parser.add_argument("--ip", "-i", dest="targetip", default="0.0.0.0", help="Target IP address. Default is 0.0.0.0.")
    parser.add_argument("--noupdate", "-n", dest="noupdate", default=False, action="store_true", help="Don't update from host data sources.")
    parser.add_argument("--skipstatichosts", "-s", dest="skipstatichosts", default=False, action="store_true", help="Skip static localhost entries in the final hosts file.")
    parser.add_argument("--output", "-o", dest="outputsubfolder", default="", help="Output subfolder for generated hosts file.")
    parser.add_argument("--replace", "-r", dest="replace", default=False, action="store_true", help="Replace your active hosts file with this new hosts file.")
    parser.add_argument("--flush-dns-cache", "-f", dest="flushdnscache", default=False, action="store_true", help="Attempt to flush DNS cache after replacing the hosts file.")

    global  settings

    options = vars(parser.parse_args())

    options["outputpath"] = os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, options["outputsubfolder"])
    options["freshen"] = not options["noupdate"]

    settings = {}
    settings.update(defaults)
    settings.update(options)

    settings["sources"] = listdir_nohidden(settings["datapath"])
    settings["extensionsources"] = listdir_nohidden(settings["extensionspath"])


    # All our extensions folders...
    settings["extensions"] = [os.path.basename(item) for item in listdir_nohidden(settings["extensionspath"])]
    # ... intersected with the extensions passed-in as arguments, then sorted.
    settings["extensions"]  = sorted( list(set(options["extensions"]).intersection(settings["extensions"])) )

    with open(settings["readmedatafilename"], "r") as f:
        settings["readmedata"] = json.load(f)

    promptForUpdate()
    promptForExclusions()
    mergeFile = createInitialFile()
    removeOldHostsFile()
    finalFile = removeDupsAndExcl(mergeFile)
    finalizeFile(finalFile)
    updateReadmeData()
    printSuccess("Success! The hosts file has been saved in folder " + settings["outputsubfolder"] + "\nIt contains " +
                 "{:,}".format(settings["numberofrules"]) + " unique entries.")

    promptForMove(finalFile)

# Prompt the User
def promptForUpdate():
    # Create hosts file if it doesn't exists
    if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "hosts")):
        try:
            open(os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "hosts"), "w+").close()
        except:
            printFailure("ERROR: No 'hosts' file in the folder, try creating one manually")

    if not settings["freshen"]:
        return

    response = "yes" if settings["auto"] else query_yes_no("Do you want to update all data sources?")
    if response == "yes":
        updateAllSources()
    else:
        if not settings["auto"]:
            print ("OK, we'll stick with what we've  got locally.")

def promptForExclusions():
    response = "no" if settings["auto"] else query_yes_no("Do you want to exclude any domains?\n" +
                            "For example, hulu.com video streaming must be able to access " +
                            "its tracking and ad servers in order to play video.")
    if response == "yes":
        displayExclusionOptions()
    else:
        if not settings["auto"]:
            print ("OK, we'll only exclude domains in the whitelist.")

def promptForMoreCustomExclusions(question="Do you have more domains you want to enter?"):
    return query_yes_no(question) == "yes"


def promptForFlushDnsCache():
    if settings['auto']:
        if settings['flushdnscache']:
            flushDnsCache()
    else:
        if settings['flushdnscache'] or query_yes_no("Attempt to flush the DNS cache?"):
            flushDnsCache()


def promptForMove(finalFile):

    if settings["replace"] and not settings["skipstatichosts"]:
        response = "yes"
    else:
        response = "no" if settings["auto"] or settings["skipstatichosts"] else query_yes_no("Do you want to replace your existing hosts file " +
                            "with the newly generated file?")
    if response == "yes":
        moveHostsFileIntoPlace(finalFile)
        promptForFlushDnsCache()
    else:
        return False
# End Prompt the User

# Exclusion logic
def displayExclusionOptions():
    for exclusionOption in settings["commonexclusions"]:
        response = query_yes_no("Do you want to exclude the domain " + exclusionOption + " ?")
        if response == "yes":
            excludeDomain(exclusionOption)
        else:
            continue
    response = query_yes_no("Do you want to exclude any other domains?")
    if response == "yes":
        gatherCustomExclusions()

def gatherCustomExclusions():
    while True:
        # Cross-python Input
        domainFromUser = raw_input("Enter the domain you want to exclude (e.g. facebook.com): ")
        if isValidDomainFormat(domainFromUser):
            excludeDomain(domainFromUser)
        if not promptForMoreCustomExclusions():
            return

def excludeDomain(domain):
    settings["exclusionregexs"].append(re.compile(settings["exclusionpattern"] + domain))

def matchesExclusions(strippedRule):
    strippedDomain = strippedRule.split()[1]
    for exclusionRegex in settings["exclusionregexs"]:
        if exclusionRegex.search(strippedDomain):
            return True
    return False
# End Exclusion Logic

# Update Logic
def updateAllSources():
    allsources = list(set(settings["sources"]) | set(settings["extensionsources"]))
    for source in allsources:
        if os.path.isdir(source):
            for updateURL in getUpdateURLsFromFile(source):
                print ("Updating source " + os.path.basename(source) + " from " + updateURL)
                # Cross-python call
                updatedFile = getFileByUrl(updateURL)
                try:
                    updatedFile = updatedFile.replace("\r", "") #get rid of carriage-return symbols
                    # This is cross-python code
                    dataFile = open(os.path.join(settings["datapath"], source, settings["datafilenames"]), "wb")
                    writeData(dataFile, updatedFile)
                    dataFile.close()
                except:
                    print ("Skipping.")

def getUpdateURLsFromFile(source):
    pathToUpdateFile = os.path.join(settings["datapath"], source, settings["updateurlfilename"])
    if os.path.exists(pathToUpdateFile):
        updateFile = open(pathToUpdateFile, "r")
        retURLs     = updateFile.readlines()
        # .strip()
        updateFile.close()
    else:
        retURL = None
        printFailure("Warning: Can't find the update file for source " + source + "\n" +
                     "Make sure that there's a file at " + pathToUpdateFile)
    return retURLs
# End Update Logic


def getUpdateURLFromFile(source):
    pathToUpdateFile = os.path.join(settings["datapath"], source, settings["updateurlfilename"])
    if os.path.exists(pathToUpdateFile):
        with open(pathToUpdateFile, "r") as updateFile:
            return updateFile.readline().strip()
    printFailure("Warning: Can't find the update file for source " + source + "\n" +
                 "Make sure that there's a file at " + pathToUpdateFile)
    return None
# End Update Logic

# File Logic
def createInitialFile():
    mergeFile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
    for source in settings["sources"]:
        filename = os.path.join(settings["datapath"], source, settings["datafilenames"])
        with open(filename, "r") as curFile:
            #Done in a cross-python way
            writeData(mergeFile, curFile.read())

    for source in settings["extensions"]:
        filename = os.path.join(settings["extensionspath"], source, settings["datafilenames"])
        with open(filename, "r") as curFile:
            #Done in a cross-python way
            writeData(mergeFile, curFile.read())

    return mergeFile

def removeDupsAndExcl(mergeFile):
    numberOfRules = settings["numberofrules"]
    if os.path.isfile(settings["whitelistfile"]):
        with open(settings["whitelistfile"], "r") as ins:
            for line in ins:
                line = line.strip(" \t\n\r")
                if line and not line.startswith("#"):
                    settings["exclusions"].append(line)

    if not os.path.exists(settings["outputpath"]):
        os.makedirs(settings["outputpath"])

    # Another mode is required to read and write the file in Python 3
    finalFile = open(os.path.join(settings["outputpath"], "hosts"),
                     "w+b" if Python3 else "w+")

    mergeFile.seek(0) # reset file pointer
    hostnames = set(["localhost", "localhost.localdomain", "local", "broadcasthost"])
    exclusions = settings["exclusions"]
    for line in mergeFile.readlines():
        write = "true"
        # Explicit encoding
        line = line.decode("UTF-8")
        # replace tabs with space
        line = line.replace("\t+", " ")
        # Trim trailing whitespace
        line = line.rstrip() + "\n"
        # Testing the first character doesn't require startswith
        if line[0] == "#" or re.match(r'^\s*$', line[0]):
            # Cross-python write
            writeData(finalFile, line)
            continue
        if "::1" in line:
            continue

        strippedRule = stripRule(line) #strip comments
        if not strippedRule or matchesExclusions(strippedRule):
            continue
        hostname, normalizedRule = normalizeRule(strippedRule) # normalize rule
        for exclude in exclusions:
            if exclude in line:
                write = "false"
                break
        if normalizedRule and (hostname not in hostnames) and (write == "true"):
            writeData(finalFile, normalizedRule)
            hostnames.add(hostname)
            numberOfRules += 1

    settings["numberofrules"] = numberOfRules
    mergeFile.close()

    return finalFile

def normalizeRule(rule):
    result = re.search(r'^[ \t]*(\d+\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\s+([\w\.-]+)(.*)', rule)
    if result:
        hostname, suffix = result.group(2,3)
        hostname = hostname.lower().strip() # explicitly lowercase and trim the hostname
        if suffix:
            # add suffix as comment only, not as a separate host
            return hostname, "%s %s #%s\n" % (settings["targetip"], hostname, suffix)
        else:
            return hostname, "%s %s\n" % (settings["targetip"], hostname)
    print ("==>%s<==" % rule)
    return None, None

def finalizeFile(finalFile):
    writeOpeningHeader(finalFile)
    finalFile.close()

# Some sources put comments around their rules, for accuracy we need to strip them
# the comments are preserved in the output hosts file
def stripRule(line):
    splitLine = line.split()
    if len(splitLine) < 2 :
        # just return blank
        return ""
    else:
        return splitLine[0] + " " + splitLine[1]

def writeOpeningHeader(finalFile):
    finalFile.seek(0) #reset file pointer
    fileContents = finalFile.read()  #save content
    finalFile.seek(0) #write at the top
    writeData(finalFile, "# This hosts file is a merged collection of hosts from reputable sources,\n")
    writeData(finalFile, "# with a dash of crowd sourcing via Github\n#\n")
    writeData(finalFile, "# Date: " + time.strftime("%B %d %Y", time.gmtime()) + "\n")
    if settings["extensions"]:
        writeData(finalFile, "# Extensions added to this file: " + ", ".join(settings["extensions"]) + "\n")
    writeData(finalFile, "# Number of unique domains: " + "{:,}\n#\n".format(settings["numberofrules"]))
    writeData(finalFile, "# Fetch the latest version of this file: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/"+ os.path.join(settings["outputsubfolder"],"") + "hosts\n")
    writeData(finalFile, "# Project home page: https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts\n#\n")
    writeData(finalFile, "# ===============================================================\n")
    writeData(finalFile, "\n")

    if not settings["skipstatichosts"]:
        writeData(finalFile, "127.0.0.1 localhost\n")
        writeData(finalFile, "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain\n")
        writeData(finalFile, "127.0.0.1 local\n")
        writeData(finalFile, "255.255.255.255 broadcasthost\n")
        writeData(finalFile, "::1 localhost\n")
        writeData(finalFile, "fe80::1%lo0 localhost\n")
        if platform.system() == "Linux":
            writeData(finalFile, "127.0.1.1 " + socket.gethostname() + "\n")
        writeData(finalFile, "\n")

    preamble = os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "myhosts")
    if os.path.isfile(preamble):
        with open(preamble, "r") as f:
            writeData(finalFile, f.read())

    finalFile.write(fileContents)

def updateReadmeData():
    extensionsKey = "base"
    hostsLocation = ""
    if settings["extensions"]:
        extensionsKey = "-".join(settings["extensions"])

    generationData = {"location": os.path.join(settings["outputsubfolder"], ""),
                      "entries": settings["numberofrules"]}
    settings["readmedata"][extensionsKey] = generationData
    with open(settings["readmedatafilename"], "w") as f:
        json.dump(settings["readmedata"], f)


def moveHostsFileIntoPlace(finalFile):
    if os.name == "posix":
        print ("Moving the file requires administrative privileges. " +
               "You might need to enter your password.")
        if subprocess.call(["/usr/bin/sudo", "cp", os.path.abspath(finalFile.name), "/etc/hosts"]):
            printFailure("Moving the file failed.")
    elif os.name == "nt":
        print("Automatically moving the hosts file in place is not yet supported.")
        print("Please move the generated file to %SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts")


def flushDnsCache():
    print("Flushing the DNS cache to utilize new hosts file...")
    print("Flushing the DNS cache requires administrative privileges. " +
          "You might need to enter your password.")
    dnsCacheFound = False
    if platform.system() == "Darwin":
        if subprocess.call(["/usr/bin/sudo", "killall", "-HUP", "mDNSResponder"]):
            printFailure("Flushing the DNS cache failed.")
    else:
        if os.path.isfile("/etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd"):
            dnsCacheFound = True
            if subprocess.call(["/usr/bin/sudo", "/etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd", "restart"]):
                printFailure("Flushing the DNS cache failed.")
            else:
                printSuccess("Flushing DNS by restarting nscd succeeded")
        if os.path.isfile("/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service"):
            dnsCacheFound = True
            if subprocess.call(["/usr/bin/sudo", "/usr/bin/systemctl", "restart", "NetworkManager.service"]):
                printFailure("Flushing the DNS cache failed.")
            else:
                printSuccess("Flushing DNS by restarting NetworkManager succeeded")
        if os.path.isfile("/usr/lib/systemd/system/wicd.service"):
            dnsCacheFound = True
            if subprocess.call(["/usr/bin/sudo", "/usr/bin/systemctl", "restart", "wicd.service"]):
                printFailure("Flushing the DNS cache failed.")
            else:
                printSuccess("Flushing DNS by restarting wicd succeeded")
        if os.path.isfile("/usr/lib/systemd/system/dnsmasq.service"):
            dnsCacheFound = True
            if subprocess.call(["/usr/bin/sudo", "/usr/bin/systemctl", "restart", "dnsmasq.service"]):
                printFailure("Flushing the DNS cache failed.")
            else:
                printSuccess("Flushing DNS by restarting dnsmasq succeeded")
        if os.path.isfile("/usr/lib/systemd/system/networking.service"):
            dnsCacheFound = True
            if subprocess.call(["/usr/bin/sudo", "/usr/bin/systemctl", "restart", "networking.service"]):
                printFailure("Flushing the DNS cache failed.")
            else:
                printSuccess("Flushing DNS by restarting networking.service succeeded")
        if not dnsCacheFound:
            printFailure("Unable to determine DNS management tool.")


def removeOldHostsFile():               # hotfix since merging with an already existing hosts file leads to artefacts and duplicates
    oldFilePath = os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "hosts")
    open(oldFilePath, "a").close()        # create if already removed, so remove wont raise an error

    if settings["backup"]:
        backupFilePath = os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, "hosts-{}".format(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S")))
        shutil.copy(oldFilePath, backupFilePath) # make a backup copy, marking the date in which the list was updated

    os.remove(oldFilePath)
    open(oldFilePath, "a").close()        # create new empty hostsfile

# End File Logic

# Helper Functions
## {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577058/ (r2)
def query_yes_no(question, default = "yes"):
    """Ask a yes/no question via raw_input() and return their answer.

    "question" is a string that is presented to the user.
    "default" is the presumed answer if the user just hits <Enter>.
        It must be "yes" (the default), "no" or None (meaning
        an answer is required of the user).

    The "answer" return value is one of "yes" or "no".
    """
    valid = {"yes":"yes", "y":"yes", "ye":"yes",
             "no":"no", "n":"no"}
    prompt = {None: " [y/n] ",
              "yes": " [Y/n] ",
              "no": " [y/N] "}.get(default, None)
    if not prompt:
        raise ValueError("invalid default answer: '%s'" % default)

    while 1:
        sys.stdout.write(colorize(question, colors.PROMPT) + prompt)
        # Changed to be cross-python
        choice = raw_input().lower()
        if default and not choice:
            return default
        elif choice in valid:
            return valid[choice]
        else:
            printFailure(
                "Please respond with 'yes' or 'no' (or 'y' or 'n').\n")
## end of http://code.activestate.com/recipes/577058/ }}}

def isValidDomainFormat(domain):
    if domain == "":
        print ("You didn't enter a domain. Try again.")
        return False
    domainRegex = re.compile("www\d{0,3}[.]|https?")
    if domainRegex.match(domain):
        print ("The domain " + domain + " is not valid. " +
               "Do not include www.domain.com or http(s)://domain.com. Try again.")
        return False
    else:
        return True

# Colors
class colors:
    PROMPT  = "\033[94m"
    SUCCESS = "\033[92m"
    FAIL    = "\033[91m"
    ENDC    = "\033[0m"

def colorize(text, color):
    return color + text + colors.ENDC

def printSuccess(text):
    print (colorize(text, colors.SUCCESS))

def printFailure(text):
    print (colorize(text, colors.FAIL))
# End Helper Functions

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()