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Hugo-Octopress

Hugo-Octopress is a port of the classic Octopress theme to Hugo.

Live demo using the unmodified theme:

My personal website with the compact index (see below):

Contents

screenshot

Quick start

Add the theme to your existing site or Hugo's quick start. All commands are run from the root directory of your website.

If using git to manage your website, add the theme as a git submodule:

git submodule add https://github.com/parsiya/Hugo-Octopress themes/Hugo-Octopress

Or you can clone it:

git clone https://github.com/parsiya/Hugo-Octopress themes/Hugo-Octopress

To view the theme with the example site:

cd themes/Hugo-Octopress/
hugo serve -vw --source=exampleSite

And view the example website at http://localhost:1313.

Example site was originally created by https://github.com/nonumeros. I reviewed the pull request almost two years late and had to copy/paste the website instead of resolving merge conflicts. The example website also has a page with the theme's shortcodes.

Configuration

Hugo-Octopress can be configured by modifying the parameters in the configuration file. sample-config.toml and exampleSite/config.toml are both working examples.

Code highlight

This theme uses the built-in Chroma highlighter with the solarized-dark theme. See all supported styles at https://xyproto.github.io/splash/docs/all.html. To change the style, change it in the config file like below to one of the supported styles.

Some options to control code highlighting post version 0.60.

[markup]
  [markup.tableOfContents]
    endLevel = 8
    startLevel = 1
  [markup.highlight]
    style = "solarized-dark"

For more configuration options please see https://gohugo.io/getting-started/configuration-markup/#highlight and https://gohugo.io/extras/highlighting/ in Hugo's documentation.

Goldmark vs. Blackfriday Markdown Engines

Prior to version 0.60, Hugo used Blackfriday. Now it uses Goldmark by default. See https://gohugo.io/getting-started/configuration-markup#highlight for information about setting it up.

There are trade-offs. Mainly, the hrefTargetBlank Blackfriday extension. It was set to true to open external links in a new browser tab. Unfortunately, Goldmark does not have this built-in. To make it happen, we need to use a render hook. I used the one in Hugo docs at

https://gohugo.io/getting-started/configuration-markup#link-with-title-markdown-example.

This works for markdown links but not linkify or image links. Linkify links are straight URLs pasted into the document (e.g., https://example.net). A workaround is not having links similar to this (which is not in the markdown standard anyways) and use normal links. For example, [example.net](https://example.net) or reference links.

You can keep using Blackfriday like this:

[markup]
  defaultMarkdownHandler = "blackfriday"
  [markup.blackFriday]
    hrefTargetBlank = true

CSS override

You can override the built-in CSS and add your own. Put your CSS files in the static directory of your website. While storing them inside the themes/Hugo-Octopress/static directory works, it's not recommended (keep your website and theme as separated as possible to be able to switch themes easily). Then modify the customCSS parameter. The path should be relative to the static folder. These CSS files will be added through the header partial after the built-in CSS file.

For example, if custom CSS files are static/css/custom.css and static/css/custom2.css then customCSS will look like this:

[params]
  customCSS = ["css/custom.css","css/custom2.css"]

Navigation menu

Links in the navigation menu (everything other than Google search and RSS icon) can be customized. The navigation menu is generated using the layouts/partials/navigation.html partial.

By default, navigation menu links will open in the same window. You can change this behavior by setting the navigationNewWindow parameter to true. Links to root ("/") will always open in the same window. Currently, Hugo does not support adding custom attributes to menus.

Links are sorted according to weight from left to right. For example, a link with weight of -10 will appear to the left of links with weights 0 or 10. Links can be added to the config file:

[[menu.main]]
  Name = "Blog"
  URL = "/"
  weight = -10

[[menu.main]]
  Name = "The other guy from Wham!"
  URL = "https://www.google.com/search?q=andrew+ridgeley"
  weight = -5

[[menu.main]]
  Name = "This theme - add link"
  URL = "https://www.github.com"

[params]
  # If set to true, navigation menu links will open in a new window with the exception of links to root ("/")
  # If this item does not exist or is set to false, then navigation menu links will open in the same window
  navigationNewWindow = true

Search engine customization:

[params]
  searchEngineURL = "https://www.google.com/search"

Extending Headers and Footers

Copy these files from theme/Hugo-Octopress/layouts/partials/ into your-site/layouts/partials and modify them:

  • extend_header.html: Everything will be added to the end of the head tag on every page.
  • extend_footer.html: Everything will be added after the footer tag on every page.

Sidebar

The sidebar has four sections, from top to bottom:

  • Sidebar header and text (optional).
  • Social network icons (optional): Icons and links to GitHub, Mastodon, and more.
  • Sidebar menu (optional): Links in sidebar.
  • Recent posts: Displays last X posts (default is 5).

The sidebar is generated using the partial at layouts/partials/sidebar.html.

Sidebar text

The sidebar text has two parts and both can be configured. Both are passed to markdownify so you can use markdown (e.g. add links or new lines).

  • Sidebar header appears first in an <h1> tag. It can be configured with sidebarHeader.
  • Sidebar text appears under the header and is in sidebarText.

You can add new lines can be added with two spaces at the end of line. New paragraphs can be added with two an empty line. when adding two new lines, remember to remove the indentation otherwise the new line will be treated as a codeblock.

sidebarHeader = "Sidebar Header"

sidebarText = """Here's a [link to google](https://www.google.com)

New paragraph

Another paragraph which has two spaces in the end to create a new line using markdown  
New line but not a new paragraph
"""

If you want to use </br> here and not just markdown, you need to enable unsafe rendering of HTML in Goldmark. You can do this like this.

[markup]
  [markup.goldmark]
    [markup.goldmark.renderer]
      unsafe = true

Blackfriday renders the </br> tags and does not need extra configuration.

Social network icons

Sidebar social network icons are configured as follows:

[params]
  github = "https://github.com/parsiya/Hugo-Octopress/"
  bitbucket = ""
  gitlab = ""
  twitter = ""
  keybase = ""
  linkedin = ""
  mastodon = ""
  stackoverflow = ""
  youtube = ""
  facebook = ""
  instagram = ""
  bitcoin = ""

Icon sequence is unfortunately hardcoded. To modify, copy your-website/themes/Hugo-Octopress/layouts/partials/social.html to your-website/layouts/partials/social.html and modify the sequence. Use </br> to create a new line.

Code to display links (and the idea to use these icons) is from Hyde-x.

Icons are from Font Awesome and Fork Awesome. To use icons with square dark backgrounds add -square. For example, <i class="fa fa-twitter-square fa-3x"></i>. Size can be from 1 to 5 use fa-lg to make them adaptive.

Sidebar menu

This menu can be enabled by setting sidebarMenuEnabled to true. It has two sections:

  • A header that appears inside the <h1> tag on top. It can be set by sidebarMenuHeader. This part only supports text.
  • A set of links. They can be configured similar to the navigation menu items by using the [[menu.sidebar]] tag. Set sidebarNewWindow to true to open these links in a new window
[[menu.sidebar]]
  Name = "Google"
  URL = "https://www.google.com"
  weight = 0

[[menu.sidebar]]
  Name = "Hugo"
  URL = "/categories/hugo/"
  weight = 1

Recent posts

Last x posts can be displayed in the sidebar. This number is controlled by sidebarRecentLimit. To hide this section you can remove sidebarRecentLimit from the config file or set it to zero.

Shortcodes

Creating shortcodes in Hugo is very easy and one of the reasons I switched to it. I recreated a few plugins from Octopress. They add captions to code blocks and images. These shortcodes are in layouts/shortcodes/.

For all my Hugo shortcodes see https://github.com/parsiya/Hugo-Shortcodes.

Code caption

This shortcode adds a caption to codeblocks. The codeblock is wrapped in a <figure> tag and caption is added using <figcaption>. It has two parameters, title which is the caption of the code block and lang which is the language that is passed to the Hugo's highlight function along with linenos=true to enable line numbers.

Usage and source (parameters are named and not positional):

{{< codecaption lang="html" title="Code caption shortcode" >}}
<figure class="code">
  <figcaption>
    <span>{{ .Get "title" }}</span>
  </figcaption>
  <div class="codewrapper">
    {{ highlight .Inner (.Get "lang") "linenos=true" }}
  </div>
</figure>
{{< /codecaption >}}

And will look like:

picture.

If the code inside the tag overflows, a horizontal sidebar will be added to the table. It took me a while to achieve this as the highlight function created tables that were out of my control. The output from highlight is wrapped in <div class="codewrapper"> and the scroll bar will be added for the whole div. The following in the CSS file (starting from line 2225) enables this behavior:

div.codewrapper {
    overflow-x: auto;
    overflow-y: hidden;
    background-color: #002B36;
}

Image caption

This shortcode adds captions to pictures. Due to the way the original CSS file was organized, this shortcode does not use <figure> and <figcaption>. Alt tag is also set to title.

Usage (parameters are named and not positional):

{{< imgcap title="Sample caption" src="/images/2016/thetheme/1.png" >}}

Results in:

<span class="caption-wrapper">
  <img class="caption" src="/images/2016/thetheme/1.png" title="Sample caption" alt="Sample caption">
  <span class="caption-text">Sample caption</span>
</span>

Table of Contents

This shortcode adds table of contents to the theme. You can use it to add the toc to anywhere in the page with {{< toc >}}.

Pages

This section discusses the different kind of pages that are supported by the theme.

License page

License page address is baseurl/license/. Create a markdown file containing the text for the license page under content and set its type to license in frontmatter:

---
title: "License"
type: license
---

License text

License page template is: layouts/license/single.html.

Not Found or 404.html

The 404.html page has two optional parameters and both support markdown:

  • notFoundHeader: 404 page title
  • notFoundText: 404 page text

If they are not set in the config file, theme's default page is used (layouts/404.html).

Taxonomy pages

You can create taxonomy lists (e.g. categories and tags). Set generateTaxonomyList = true to get generate them at baseURL/tags/ and baseURL/categories. By default items are sorted by count. sortTaxonomyAlphabetical = true changes the sort to alphabetical.

[Params]
  generateTaxonomyList = true

  # Alphabetical sort
  # sortTaxonomyAlphabetical = true

To revert, remove sortTaxonomyAlphabetical or set it to false.

Note: As of Hugo 0.33, indexes has been removed. If your taxonomy pages are not rendered, please update to the latest version of Hugo. Templates are now at:

  • /layouts/category/category.html
  • /layouts/tag/tag.html

Individual pages

You can create individual pages in at least two ways:

  • Create a new content file in content/page.
  • Create a page anywhere inside content and set the type to page in frontmatter. E.g. type: page.

The template for individual pages is at Hugo-Octopress/layouts/page/single.html. It can be overridden by a file in the website's layouts/page/single.html. For more information see Single Page Templates in Hugodocs.

Table of contents

There are three ways to add Table of Contents (ToC) to pages.

toc configuration

With Goldmark, you need to change the defaults for the table of contents renderer in your site's config. The defaults only render markdown headings level 2 and 3.

[markup]
  [markup.tableOfContents]
    endLevel = 8
    startLevel = 1

Please see more at https://gohugo.io/getting-started/configuration-markup/#table-of-contents.

Use toc in Frontmatter

This ToC is on top of the page and does not appear in the summary. You can customize the ToC for each page or globally:

  1. Add a variable named toc to the frontmatter of the post/page and set it to true.

    title: "title"
date: 2016-04-01T20:22:37-04:00
draft: false
toc: true

  2. Enable it globally by setting tableOfContents under [Params] to true.

    [Params]
  tableOfContents = true

The toc variable in the frontmatter has priority. If it is set to false the global setting is ignored for that page.

Use the toc Shortcode

If you want the table to appear in a different location use the shortcode. For example, in the cheatsheet on my website it appears after the summary.

---
frontmatter
---

summary or whatever.

{{< toc >}}

Editor Plugins

There are various editor plugins that create a table of contents in markdown using markdown links. This approach is self-contained and not reliant on the theme or the shortcode. I used the VS Code plugins Markdown All in One.

Disqus

Hugo supports Disqus. Note Disqus shortname is directly in the config file (and not under params):

disqusShortname = "whatever"

You can disable comments for individual pages by adding comments: false to the frontmatter.

Twitter Card

Twitter card support can be enabled in the config file under Params:

[params]
  # Twitter card config
  # Enable.
  twitterCardEnabled = true
  # Don't include the @.
  # twitterCardSite = 
  twitterCardDomain = "parsiya.net"
  # Don't include the @.
  twitterCardAuthor = "CryptoGangsta"

After Twitter card is enabled, you can add summary images to your posts in front matter with twitterImage:

twitterImage: 02-fuzzer-crash.png

Note: Image URL should be relative to the page, otherwise the final URL will not be correct. In short, image URL should be part of the page bundle. In this case, both index.md and 02-fuzzer-crash.png are in the same root directory. If the image is in a subdirectory of page bundle, it can be added like this:

twitterImage: images/02-fuzzer-crash.png

To modify this template, copy your-website/themes/Hugo-Octopress/layouts/partials/custom_twitter_card.html to your-website/layouts/partials/custom-twitter-card.html and make changes.

Compact Index

The original theme renders each post's summary in the main page. I prefer a more compact index and use it for my own website. You can enable it by adding this to the config file:

[params]
  # Set to true to enable compact index. Set to false or remove to go back to classic view.
  compactIndex = true

Compare the views (classic - compact) - click for full-size image:

classic index compact index

mainSections

Hugo-Octopress supports using the mainSections property in the config file to display different kinds of posts on the main page. If not defined, mainSection will default to the section with the most number of pages. In a vanilla Hugo-Octopress setup, it will be under post. But, you can add your own sections in the config file:

[params]
  mainSections = ["posts", "blogs"]

See the code in layouts/partials/classic_index.html:

<div class="blog-index">
  {{ $paginator := where site.RegularPages "Type" "in" site.Params.mainSections | .Paginate }}
  {{ range $paginator.Pages }}
  <article>
  ...

Custom Favicon

The theme uses the default Octopress favicon. You can modify it:

  1. Add favicon to the config file under params. This path is relative to the static directory. 
    [params]
  favicon = "myicon.png"
  2. Store the file in your site's static directory: your-site/static/myicon.png.

Troubleshooting

Common issues when dealing with the theme.

Hugo page summary bug

Without a summary divider <!--more-->, Hugo uses the first 70 words of the post. The result is usually not pretty and contains raw HTML. Always use the summary divider <!--more--> in your posts. This does not matter if you use the compact index because it does not use the summary.

Hugo does not display render style links in the page summary if the link is also not before the summary divider. You can read more here.

Reference style links look like this:

This is a link to [Example][example-link].

[example-link]: https://www.example.com

There are two workarounds:

  1. Do not use reference style links in summary. Use normal links like [Example](https://www.example.com).
  2. Put the reference links before the summary divider.

Empty Posts Link on Homepage

After rebuilding the blog with Hugo 0.57, you may see a single Posts link in the classic index. Update to Hugo 0.57.2+ (there is an issue with 0.57.1) and it should work.

For more information please see:

This should not be an issue anymore because the theme's minimum version of Hugo has been bumped.

Issues/TODO

If you discover any issues/bugs or want new features please use the GitHub issue tracker. Please keep in my mind that development has not been my day job for quite a while and I may be slow in fixing things (don't be surprised if I ask you about details).

The css is a mess. The CSS file is taken directly from the classic Octopress theme. I found it easier to just modify the templates to generate HTML code similar to Octopress' output and use the existing CSS file. It's bulky (around 53KBs and 2300 lines) and it probably has code for elements that are never used (also duplicates).

Attribution

Ported by

Ported by Parsia.

Theme license

Open sourced under the MIT license.

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Port of the classic Octopress theme to Hugo

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