Puppeteer Error: Navigation failed because browser has disconnected!

[josebolos]

Running pa11y on some urls (e.g. https://chimes.cornell.edu/Chimesmasters) causes it to fail to run randomly:

$ pa11y --debug "https://chimes.cornell.edu/Chimesmasters"

Welcome to Pa11y

 > Running Pa11y on URL https://chimes.cornell.edu/Chimesmasters
 > Debug: Launching Headless Chrome
 > Debug: Opening URL in Headless Chrome

Error: Navigation failed because browser has disconnected!
    at CDPSession.<anonymous> (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/LifecycleWatcher.js:46:107)
    at CDPSession.emit (node:events:365:28)
    at CDPSession._onClosed (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/Connection.js:215:10)
    at Connection._onClose (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/Connection.js:138:15)
    at WebSocket.<anonymous> (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/WebSocketTransport.js:48:22)
    at WebSocket.onClose (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/ws/lib/event-target.js:124:16)
    at WebSocket.emit (node:events:365:28)
    at WebSocket.emitClose (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/ws/lib/websocket.js:191:10)
    at Socket.socketOnClose (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/ws/lib/websocket.js:850:15)
    at Socket.emit (node:events:365:28)
  -- ASYNC --
    at Frame.<anonymous> (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/helper.js:111:15)
    at Page.goto (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/Page.js:674:49)
    at Page.<anonymous> (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/helper.js:112:23)
    at runPa11yTest (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/lib/pa11y.js:183:14)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5)
    at async pa11y (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/lib/pa11y.js:55:19)
    at async runProgram (/Users/jose.bolos/.nvm/versions/node/v16.1.0/lib/node_modules/pa11y/bin/pa11y.js:122:19)

---

Reported initially in pa11y/pa11y-ci#128

Additional examples of random failures on other projects and URLs:

• CivicActions/accessibility#419
• https://github.com/usdoj-crt/beta-ada/runs/2603206599

Environment:

pa11y --environment
Pa11y:      5.3.1
Node.js:    16.1.0
npm:        7.11.2
OS:         20.3.0 (darwin)