This project orchestrates a couple of components to facilitate bootstrapping a development environment for 'modern' Objective-C in a Linux setting.
The main idea is to spin up a virtual machine and install all the software required to begin developing Objective-C applications on Linux using GNUstep, regardless of whether the host system is a Mac OS, Windows or Linux machine.
This works by bootstrapping a basic Debian system into a virtual machine using packer and then adding the required dependencies and GNUstep components into it using ansible. The virtual machine can either be a true VM that is exported as a Vagrant box, or a lightweight Docker container.
The ansible playbook can also be run outside a VM context on any Linux system that uses apt as a package manager. Since it modifies system behaviour extensively, this is only recommended if you understand the consequences.
- Vagrant
- Virtual Box or VMWare Fusion/Workstation
- If you intended to run GUI applications from within the VM: An X server.
- Docker
To clone an instance of the vagrant box, run the following in an empty directory:
vagrant init ngrewe/gnustep-gui
vagrant up
This will download and install the GUI development image. If you don't need
GUI components you can use ngrewe/gnustep-headless instead. After this process has
finished, you can ssh into the box using
vagrant ssh
If you are running the VM on a host that provides an X server, you can even export GUI applications from the VM to your host:
vagrant ssh -- -Y Gorm
The builder produces two ‘flavours’ of images. The first one is the
gnustep-headless-dev image, which contains all the compile-time
dependencies and a Docker binary. The intended use of this is to share
the docker socket from your docker host with the container and run a build script
that compiles a Objective-C application and installs it in container derived
from the gnustep-headless-rt flavoured runtime image.
To pull the dev image, execute:
docker pull ngrewe/gnustep-headless-dev
Similarly, the runtime image can be obtained using
docker pull ngrewe/gnustep-headless-rt
The main provisioning run by ansible is implemented by a number of roles that are layered unto each other. The basic useful role is the gnustep-headless role that provides the following components for developing Objective-C applications without a GUI:
The provisioner installs the current binaries for LLVM 4.0.0.
The GNUstep Objective-C runtime is included as a git submodule, tracking the master branch on github. This provides not only the Objective-C runtime interface, but also the blocks runtime that would conventionally be provided by compiler-rt or the libBlocksRuntime library.
libdispatch provides a thread-pool and work scheduling abstraction centered around execution of blocks. libdispatch is included as a git submodule tracking a fork of nickhutchinson/libdispatch that allows it to work with the GNUstep Objective-C runtime instead of libBlocksRuntime.
GNUstep Make is a set of makefiles for GNU make that constitutes the build system used to build GNUstep applications. The git submodule references the github mirror of the GNUstep SVN repository. GNUstep make is configured to use the non-fragile ABI.
GNUstep Base is the GNUstep implementation of the Foundation API. The git submodule references the github mirror of the GNUstep SVN repository. The library has the following configuration points to note:
- The distributed objects nameserver (gdomap) has been moved to a port > 1024 so that it can run as a normal user without special privileges. It's automatically started by a systemd unit.
On top of that the gnustep-gui play provides the following:
GNUstep GUI provides an AppKit implementation with plugabble eventing and rendering mechanisms. The git submodule references the github mirror of the GNUstep SVN repository.
GNUstep Back implements the concrete rendering and event handling for gnustep-gui. The git submodule references the github mirror of the GNUstep SVN repository. It is configured for a cairo/X11 backend.
Gorm is the interface builder for GNUstep. While you should be able to use nibs build by Apple's InterfaceBuilder on GNUstep, it's quite useful to have the ability to sanity check and tweak the GNUstep UIs using Gorm. The git submodule references the github mirror of the GNUstep SVN repository.
The default look of GNUstep is very reminiscent of NeXTStep, which is not very attractive to many people nowadays. For that reason the GUI boxes include the Rik.theme as a git submodule.
The project also includes a Vagrantfile that runs the provisioning playbook on
an existing box (using vagrant provision). This provides the following
advantages over building a new box using packer and is hence useful to quickly
test changes:
- OS image download and installation can be skipped.
- While only few operations in the playbook are actually idempotent, they are at least similipotent (so to speak), meaning that they will complete faster after the initial run (modulo any changes).
- You can work on local changes to the git submodules and rebuild everything quickly.
We build the boxes in two passes: First the headless image (build tools, runtime, and gnustep-base) and then the GUI one based on the output of the first:
packer build gnustep-headless-debian-8-x64.json
packer build gnustep-gui-debian-8-x64.json
The resulting Vagrant boxes are placed in the builds/ directory.
Intermediate artifacts may be available in the output-* directories.
Building the runtime Docker container can be done using:
packer build -var container_flavour=rt gnustep-headless-debian-8-x64.json
Building all components (headless and GUI Vagrant boxes, as well as development and runtime Docker images) can be achieved using Gulp. This is currently not very useful if you want to push to a non-standard location or customise the packer options in any way, but generally, it would work like this (assuming a working node.js installation):
npm install --global gulp-cli
npm install
gulp --docker-hub-email=foo@example.com
Prior to building the boxes, Gulp will ask you for the docker hub password to use when pushing the box. It will be stored in an environment variable for packer (so that it doesn't appear on any command line). The following command line switches are currently supported:
--docker-hub-email(string) specifies the email address of the docker hub account used for pushing the image.--parallel(boolean) turns on parallel building in packer. Your system needs a lot of memory to support this--noninteractive(boolean) turns of the password prompt.
- If you upgrade the kernel shipped with the box, you will also need to rebuild the VM integration kernel modules.
- Linking clang is memory intensive. The Vagrantfile used to test the provisioning allocates 3GB of RAM to the virtual machine. If that still gives you failures when building LLVM/clang, trying increasing this value or allocating some more swap to the VM.
The referenced git submodules are covered by their respective licenses.
Some of the packer provisioning scripts originate from chef/bento, licensed under the Apache license.
The original content in this project is governed by the MIT License:
Copyright (c) 2015–2017 Niels Grewe
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.