Add check "The type of the foreign key must match the type of column in the target table"

[mfvanek]

See https://habr.com/ru/articles/803841/
Part "Соответствие типов в ссылающейся и целевой таблицах"

WITH
-- объединяем ограничения FK с атрибутами, которые в них задействованы
fk_with_attributes AS (
        SELECT
            c.conname as fk_name,
            c.conrelid,
            c.confrelid,
            fk_conkey.conkey_order AS att_order,
            fk_conkey.conkey_number,
            fk_confkey.confkey_number,
            rel_att.attname AS rel_att_name,
            rel_att.atttypid AS rel_att_type_id,
            rel_att.atttypmod AS rel_att_type_mod,
            rel_att.attnotnull AS rel_att_notnull,
            frel_att.attname AS frel_att_name,
            frel_att.atttypid AS frel_att_type_id,
            frel_att.atttypmod AS frel_att_type_mod,
            frel_att.attnotnull AS frel_att_notnull
        FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint AS c
            CROSS JOIN LATERAL UNNEST(c.conkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS fk_conkey(conkey_number, conkey_order)
            LEFT JOIN LATERAL UNNEST(c.confkey) WITH ORDINALITY AS fk_confkey(confkey_number, confkey_order)
                ON fk_conkey.conkey_order = fk_confkey.confkey_order
            LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute AS rel_att
                ON rel_att.attrelid = c.conrelid AND rel_att.attnum = fk_conkey.conkey_number
            LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute AS frel_att
                ON frel_att.attrelid = c.confrelid AND frel_att.attnum = fk_confkey.confkey_number
        WHERE c.contype IN ('f')
    )
SELECT
    c.fk_name,       -- наименование ограничения fk
    r_from.relname,  -- ссылающееся отношение
    c.rel_att_names, -- атрибуты в ссылающемся отношении
    r_to.relname,    -- целесое отношение
    c.frel_att_names -- атрибуты в целевом отношении
FROM (
    -- отбираем FK, у которые есть расхождения типов колонок
    SELECT
        fk_name,
        conrelid,
        confrelid,
        array_agg (rel_att_name order by att_order ) as rel_att_names,
        array_agg (frel_att_name order by att_order ) as frel_att_names
    FROM fk_with_attributes
    WHERE
        ((rel_att_type_id <> frel_att_type_id) OR (rel_att_type_mod <> frel_att_type_mod))
    GROUP BY 1, 2, 3
) AS c
    INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class AS r_from
        ON r_from.oid = c.conrelid
    INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class AS r_to
        ON r_to.oid = c.confrelid