[Database] Make object throw warnings and exceptions

[M4LuZ]

Expected Behavior

As per code documentation (and as per the percieved intention to move towards use of Exceptions and their handling) the database class is supposed to throw Exceptions for certain issues.
But since the related constants are not being set, MySQLi still just uses boolean false return values.
This is problematic, as it provides no good feedback when a prepared statement is not properly formatted (e.g. placeholder in the wrong location as in #1125)

Current Behavior

Exception is thrown on functional issues, but not on MySQLi specific validations / behaviour

Possible Solution

Set at least MYSQLI_REPORT_ERROR, potentially also MYSQLI_REPORT_STRICT if that does not break too much at once.

Steps to Reproduce (for bugs)

Build a wrong prepared statement, notice white screen, see strange error that call to execute() was attempted on a boolean