flair

The goal of flair is to is to provide tools for formatting R code in knitted R Markdown files.

Installation

You can install the released version of flair from CRAN with:

install.packages("flair")

You can install the development version from GitHub with:

# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("r-for-educators/flair")

(Note that only the development version of flair will work with R 4.0.)

Introduction

library(flair)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)

Important: This ReadMe shows the basic usage, but the resultant formatting cannot be displayed outside of an html document. Please reference the Pkgdown site at https://r-for-educators.github.io/flair/index.html for full examples.

For using flair with python, see this example by Tiffany Timbers

It is common to show source code, in addition to code output, as part of a conference talk, workshop, or lecture. Often, we want to call attention to certain aspects of the code.

For example, suppose you want to illustrate to a new learner the use of the pipe %>%. You might want to create a slide that shows the following:

iris %>%

  group_by(Species) %>%

  summarize(mean(Sepal.Length))

but with the pipes highlighted for emphasis.

#> # A tibble: 3 x 2
#>   Species    `mean(Sepal.Length)`
#>   <fct>                     <dbl>
#> 1 setosa                     5.01
#> 2 versicolor                 5.94
#> 3 virginica                  6.59

Without flair, your approach might be to type your code into your code chunk, copy-paste it to a string, and manually format that string using html to add the background highlighting to the pipes. What a headache!

Decorating a code chunk

The cleanest way to add flair to your code is to reference a named code chunk in R Markdown.

For example, your code chunk might look like:

```{r how_to_pipe, include = FALSE}

iris %>%
  group_by(Species) %>%
  summarize(mean(Sepal.Length))

```

We would use the decorate() function, referencing our chunk named how_to_pipe to prepare the source code for decoration. Then we could use the function flair() to show our source code with the pipe operators highlighted in yellow.

```{r, echo = FALSE}

decorate("how_to_pipe") %>% 
  flair("%>%")
  
```

Note that the decorate and flair step should be in a separate chunk, since it is not itself part of the source code you wish to decorate.

Re-referencing a chunk

A nice consequence of using the chunk label approach to flair is that the same chunk can be displayed multiple times, with different flair decorations, without needing to retype the original code.

For example, you might want to create multiple slides to reference the various elements of a code chunk. Your source code chunks might look like:

decorate("how_to_pipe") %>% 
  flair_funs()

decorate("how_to_pipe") %>% 
  flair_args()

Decorating code from a text string

You can also use the decorate function to add flair to R code supplied directly as a string. For example

decorate('

iris %>%
  group_by(Species) %>%
  summarize(mean(Sepal.Length))

') %>%
  flair("%>%")

For the most part, we do not recommend this option, as it is more difficult to pre-test your code in string from than in a true chunk.

However, this option is particularly nice if you want to show “bad” code that cannot normally be evaluated. For example:

decorate('mean(1:10',
         error = TRUE) %>%
  flair("(")

mean(1:10

#> Error: <text>:2:0: unexpected end of input
#> 1: mean(1:10
#>    ^

Being specific with decorate

The function decorate does its best to tell when it is receiving input of a chunk label versus code-as-text. However, in the event that something goes awry, you can always be explicit by using functions decorate_code() and decorate_chunk()

decorate_code('mean(1:10)') %>%
  flair("(")

decorate_chunk('how_to_pipe') %>%
  flair("%>%")

The flair_* functions

The advantage of a decorate_code object is that you can add formatting to the source code without altering the output. This decorative formatting is specified through the suite of flair functions

flair

The main function you will use is simply flair(). This takes as arguments:

• A flair object or a text string.

• A fixed string pattern to match

• Any number of formatting parameters

If no formatting parameters are supplied, flair_* will default to ordinary yellow-background highlighting.

flair returns a decorate_code object, so it is pipe friendly!

Refer back to the how_to_pipe chunk above. Suppose you want to highlight the pipe operator (%>%) in yellow, highlight the variable name Sepal.Length in pink, and change the text color of Species to blue

decorate('how_to_pipe') %>%
  flair("%>%") %>%
  flair("Sepal.Length", background = "pink") %>%
  flair("Species", color = "CornflowerBlue")

flair_rx

The function flair_rx takes pattern matching input in the form of a regular expression, rather than a fixed string.

(In fact, all flair_* functions are built on flair_rx.)

Syntax highlighting

flair also includes a few shortcuts for highlighting specific aspects of R source code. Currently, these functions are:

• flair_funs() for functions

• flair_args() for arguments to functions

• flair_input_vals() for values assigned to function arguments

For example:

decorate('
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, 
                y = Petal.Length, 
                color = Species)) +
  geom_point()

') %>%
  flair_args(color = "CornflowerBlue") %>%
  flair_funs(color = "Coral", underline = TRUE) %>%
  flair_input_vals(background = "Aquamarine") %>%
  flair_rx("[A-z]*\\.Length", background = "pink")

Errata

Evaluating code and defining objects

One nice feature the decorate function is that it evaluates the referenced code when it is run. This means that you can define objects in your source code, and use them later in your analysis as you normally would:

decorate('foo <- mean(1:10)') %>% 
  flair_funs()

foo <- mean(1:10)

foo + 5

#> [1] 10.5

A word of caution: Make sure you define your objects in your code string, not outside the decorate() function! For example, the following approach has two problems:

1. foo contains the output object itself, rather than the result of the R code mean(1:10), so foo + 5 throws an error.

2. The output object of decorate is being assigned to foo rather than printed, so no highlighted code is included in the knitted output.

foo <- decorate('mean(1:10)') %>% 
  flair_funs()

foo + 5

#> Error in foo + 5: non-numeric argument to binary operator

A note about colors

flair gives you complete freedom to choose the colors of your highlighted elements, so long as the color name is a recognized html name or a hex code.

However, please remember to be judicious in your color choices, and to keep in mind how your colors appear to colorblind individuals.