WatchKey.java

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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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 * accompanied this code).
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package java.nio.file;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * A token representing the registration of a {@link Watchable watchable} object
 * with a {@link WatchService}.
 *
 * <p> A watch key is created when a watchable object is registered with a watch
 * service. The key remains {@link #isValid valid} until:
 * <ol>
 *   <li> It is cancelled, explicitly, by invoking its {@link #cancel cancel}
 *     method, or</li>
 *   <li> Cancelled implicitly, because the object is no longer accessible,
 *     or </li>
 *   <li> By {@link WatchService#close closing} the watch service. </li>
 * </ol>
 *
 * <p> A watch key has a state. When initially created the key is said to be
 * <em>ready</em>. When an event is detected then the key is <em>signalled</em>
 * and queued so that it can be retrieved by invoking the watch service's {@link
 * WatchService#poll() poll} or {@link WatchService#take() take} methods. Once
 * signalled, a key remains in this state until its {@link #reset reset} method
 * is invoked to return the key to the ready state. Events detected while the
 * key is in the signalled state are queued but do not cause the key to be
 * re-queued for retrieval from the watch service. Events are retrieved by
 * invoking the key's {@link #pollEvents pollEvents} method. This method
 * retrieves and removes all events accumulated for the object. When initially
 * created, a watch key has no pending events. Typically events are retrieved
 * when the key is in the signalled state leading to the following idiom:
 *
 * <pre>
 *     for (;;) {
 *         // retrieve key
 *         WatchKey key = watcher.take();
 *
 *         // process events
 *         for (WatchEvent&lt;?&gt; event: key.pollEvents()) {
 *             :
 *         }
 *
 *         // reset the key
 *         boolean valid = key.reset();
 *         if (!valid) {
 *             // object no longer registered
 *         }
 *     }
 * </pre>
 *
 * <p> Watch keys are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads. Where there
 * are several threads retrieving signalled keys from a watch service then care
 * should be taken to ensure that the {@code reset} method is only invoked after
 * the events for the object have been processed. This ensures that one thread
 * is processing the events for an object at any time.
 *
 * @since 1.7
 */
/*
 * 监视键接口
 *
 * 监视键是主线程与子线程(工作线程)的沟通桥梁，其生成方式是：
 * 主线程向子线程(工作线程)发出"注册"请求，子线程(工作线程)处理完该请求后，返回继续的监视键。
 *
 * 监视键记录了被监视目录，以及包含了从子线程(工作线程)反馈的目标事件。
 *
 * 子线程(工作线程)发现(命中)监视事件时，会视情形将其封装为WatchEvent；
 * 随后，将WatchEvent存入监视键的待处理事件集合，并且再次将监视键加入到监视服务中为其准备的队列容器中；
 * 最后，主线程会从上述队列容器中取出监视键，并进一步从监视键中获取监视到的事件。
 */
public interface WatchKey {
    
    /**
     * Retrieves and removes all pending events for this watch key, returning
     * a {@code List} of the events that were retrieved.
     *
     * <p> Note that this method does not wait if there are no events pending.
     *
     * @return the list of the events retrieved; may be empty
     */
    // 从监视键内取出当前可视的待处理事件，这些事件都是之前注册为感兴趣的事件；处理完这些事件后，通常应当调用reset()重置/复用监视键
    List<WatchEvent<?>> pollEvents();
    
    /**
     * Resets this watch key.
     *
     * <p> If this watch key has been cancelled or this watch key is already in
     * the ready state then invoking this method has no effect. Otherwise
     * if there are pending events for the object then this watch key is
     * immediately re-queued to the watch service. If there are no pending
     * events then the watch key is put into the ready state and will remain in
     * that state until an event is detected or the watch key is cancelled.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if the watch key is valid and has been reset, and
     * {@code false} if the watch key could not be reset because it is
     * no longer {@link #isValid valid}
     */
    // 当处理完一批事件后，需要重置(重用)监视键，以便子线程(工作线程)向其中填充监视到的事件，并且让主线程获取到这些事件
    boolean reset();
    
    /**
     * Cancels the registration with the watch service. Upon return the watch key
     * will be invalid. If the watch key is enqueued, waiting to be retrieved
     * from the watch service, then it will remain in the queue until it is
     * removed. Pending events, if any, remain pending and may be retrieved by
     * invoking the {@link #pollEvents pollEvents} method after the key is
     * cancelled.
     *
     * <p> If this watch key has already been cancelled then invoking this
     * method has no effect.  Once cancelled, a watch key remains forever invalid.
     */
    /*
     * 由主线程调用：向子线程(工作线程)请求"取消"服务，并阻塞主线程；直到"取消"完成后，唤醒主线程。
     *
     * 注：有时候子线程(工作线程)处理事件受挫时，也会执行该方法，以取消服务，参见PollingWatchService#poll()
     */
    void cancel();
    
    /**
     * Tells whether or not this watch key is valid.
     *
     * <p> A watch key is valid upon creation and remains until it is cancelled,
     * or its watch service is closed.
     *
     * @return {@code true} if, and only if, this watch key is valid
     */
    // 判断当前监视键是否有效；如果监视键被取消，或监视服务被关闭，则该监视键无效
    boolean isValid();
    
    /**
     * Returns the object for which this watch key was created. This method will
     * continue to return the object even after the key is cancelled.
     *
     * <p> As the {@code WatchService} is intended to map directly on to the
     * native file event notification facility (where available) then many of
     * details on how registered objects are watched is highly implementation
     * specific. When watching a directory for changes for example, and the
     * directory is moved or renamed in the file system, there is no guarantee
     * that the watch key will be cancelled and so the object returned by this
     * method may no longer be a valid path to the directory.
     *
     * @return the object for which this watch key was created
     */
    // 返回当前监视键关联的可监视对象，比如被监视的目录(树)
    Watchable watchable();
    
}