04-basic-uproot.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br><br><br><br><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "# Getting ROOT data into Numpy\n",
    "\n",
    "<br><br><br><br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br><br><br><br><br><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "<span style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-left: 230px\"><b>Method 1: PyROOT</b></span>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br><br><br><br><br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Welcome to JupyROOT 6.17/01\n",
      "5.912771224975586 2.5636332035064697\n",
      "24.76520347595215 -16.349109649658203\n",
      "-25.78508758544922 16.237131118774414\n",
      "8.619895935058594 -22.78654670715332\n",
      "5.393138885498047 -1.3100523948669434\n",
      "-3.7594752311706543 -19.417020797729492\n",
      "23.962148666381836 -9.049156188964844\n",
      "-57.533348083496094 -20.48767852783203\n",
      "42.416194915771484 -94.35086059570312\n",
      "-1.9144694805145264 -23.96303367614746\n",
      "19.710058212280273 4.645508766174316\n",
      "-35.538055419921875 -14.753822326660156\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import ROOT\n",
    "\n",
    "file = ROOT.TFile(\"data/HZZ.root\")\n",
    "tree = file.Get(\"events\")\n",
    "\n",
    "for i, event in enumerate(tree):\n",
    "    print(event.MET_px, event.MET_py)\n",
    "    if i > 10:\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[  5.91277122,   2.5636332 ],\n",
       "       [ 24.76520348, -16.34910965],\n",
       "       [-25.78508759,  16.23713112],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [ 18.10164642,  50.29071808],\n",
       "       [ 79.87519073, -52.35145187],\n",
       "       [ 19.71374893,  -3.59541821]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# That worked, but it would be too slow for large datasets.\n",
    "# PyROOT does A LOT of processing each time it is invoked, so we don't want that in a loop over events.\n",
    "\n",
    "# However, there's an alternative that goes straight to Numpy:\n",
    "tree.AsMatrix([\"MET_px\", \"MET_py\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "labels = ['MET_px', 'MET_py']\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>MET_px</th>\n",
       "      <th>MET_py</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.912771</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.563633</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>24.765203</td>\n",
       "      <td>-16.349110</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>-25.785088</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.237131</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>8.619896</td>\n",
       "      <td>-22.786547</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.393139</td>\n",
       "      <td>-1.310052</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>-3.759475</td>\n",
       "      <td>-19.417021</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>23.962149</td>\n",
       "      <td>-9.049156</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>-57.533348</td>\n",
       "      <td>-20.487679</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>42.416195</td>\n",
       "      <td>-94.350861</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.914469</td>\n",
       "      <td>-23.963034</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.710058</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.645509</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>-35.538055</td>\n",
       "      <td>-14.753822</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>15.209903</td>\n",
       "      <td>-6.397500</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>28.459160</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.657520</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>-9.093978</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.861486</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.350357</td>\n",
       "      <td>-4.255576</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>-0.201901</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.499514</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>8.286861</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.266164</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>-7.835592</td>\n",
       "      <td>-13.773303</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>-41.880852</td>\n",
       "      <td>-157.988144</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.715726</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.486519</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.373739</td>\n",
       "      <td>-8.089888</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>-30.234993</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.027190</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>13.711685</td>\n",
       "      <td>-6.066514</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>130.723969</td>\n",
       "      <td>74.998268</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>-6.254472</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.144054</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>-14.468836</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.849669</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>-1.018478</td>\n",
       "      <td>-8.156774</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>12.017437</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.811257</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>-14.349060</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.992454</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2391</th>\n",
       "      <td>5.421937</td>\n",
       "      <td>-40.910957</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2392</th>\n",
       "      <td>10.979458</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.336320</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2393</th>\n",
       "      <td>34.796410</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.099867</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2394</th>\n",
       "      <td>0.745414</td>\n",
       "      <td>-54.461945</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2395</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.757299</td>\n",
       "      <td>-44.224178</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2396</th>\n",
       "      <td>104.612236</td>\n",
       "      <td>-98.111153</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2397</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.185825</td>\n",
       "      <td>79.226997</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2398</th>\n",
       "      <td>1.150845</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.101060</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2399</th>\n",
       "      <td>4.515370</td>\n",
       "      <td>-4.102074</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2400</th>\n",
       "      <td>-10.098569</td>\n",
       "      <td>-54.974846</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2401</th>\n",
       "      <td>2.998099</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.993523</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2402</th>\n",
       "      <td>27.944883</td>\n",
       "      <td>-37.503429</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2403</th>\n",
       "      <td>3.787466</td>\n",
       "      <td>-21.217653</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2404</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.378232</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.572329</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2405</th>\n",
       "      <td>-17.310106</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.082886</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2406</th>\n",
       "      <td>-81.965927</td>\n",
       "      <td>-11.167821</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2407</th>\n",
       "      <td>-9.059591</td>\n",
       "      <td>-24.464552</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2408</th>\n",
       "      <td>25.649775</td>\n",
       "      <td>-2.818718</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2409</th>\n",
       "      <td>29.691553</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.606071</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2410</th>\n",
       "      <td>-25.754967</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.037041</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2411</th>\n",
       "      <td>-2.426847</td>\n",
       "      <td>-30.494087</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2412</th>\n",
       "      <td>-15.611773</td>\n",
       "      <td>-9.571323</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2413</th>\n",
       "      <td>18.921183</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.019401</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2414</th>\n",
       "      <td>-11.730723</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.629858</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2415</th>\n",
       "      <td>-10.648725</td>\n",
       "      <td>-20.464689</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2416</th>\n",
       "      <td>-14.607650</td>\n",
       "      <td>-28.204895</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2417</th>\n",
       "      <td>22.208313</td>\n",
       "      <td>59.774940</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2418</th>\n",
       "      <td>18.101646</td>\n",
       "      <td>50.290718</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2419</th>\n",
       "      <td>79.875191</td>\n",
       "      <td>-52.351452</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2420</th>\n",
       "      <td>19.713749</td>\n",
       "      <td>-3.595418</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>2421 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "          MET_px      MET_py\n",
       "0       5.912771    2.563633\n",
       "1      24.765203  -16.349110\n",
       "2     -25.785088   16.237131\n",
       "3       8.619896  -22.786547\n",
       "4       5.393139   -1.310052\n",
       "5      -3.759475  -19.417021\n",
       "6      23.962149   -9.049156\n",
       "7     -57.533348  -20.487679\n",
       "8      42.416195  -94.350861\n",
       "9      -1.914469  -23.963034\n",
       "10     19.710058    4.645509\n",
       "11    -35.538055  -14.753822\n",
       "12     15.209903   -6.397500\n",
       "13     28.459160    5.657520\n",
       "14     -9.093978    0.861486\n",
       "15      0.350357   -4.255576\n",
       "16     -0.201901   -3.499514\n",
       "17      8.286861   -3.266164\n",
       "18     -7.835592  -13.773303\n",
       "19    -41.880852 -157.988144\n",
       "20     -1.715726   19.486519\n",
       "21      2.373739   -8.089888\n",
       "22    -30.234993    2.027190\n",
       "23     13.711685   -6.066514\n",
       "24    130.723969   74.998268\n",
       "25     -6.254472   18.144054\n",
       "26    -14.468836   16.849669\n",
       "27     -1.018478   -8.156774\n",
       "28     12.017437    1.811257\n",
       "29    -14.349060   14.992454\n",
       "...          ...         ...\n",
       "2391    5.421937  -40.910957\n",
       "2392   10.979458    4.336320\n",
       "2393   34.796410   -2.099867\n",
       "2394    0.745414  -54.461945\n",
       "2395   19.757299  -44.224178\n",
       "2396  104.612236  -98.111153\n",
       "2397    3.185825   79.226997\n",
       "2398    1.150845   -3.101060\n",
       "2399    4.515370   -4.102074\n",
       "2400  -10.098569  -54.974846\n",
       "2401    2.998099   21.993523\n",
       "2402   27.944883  -37.503429\n",
       "2403    3.787466  -21.217653\n",
       "2404    9.378232   27.572329\n",
       "2405  -17.310106    5.082886\n",
       "2406  -81.965927  -11.167821\n",
       "2407   -9.059591  -24.464552\n",
       "2408   25.649775   -2.818718\n",
       "2409   29.691553   56.606071\n",
       "2410  -25.754967   14.037041\n",
       "2411   -2.426847  -30.494087\n",
       "2412  -15.611773   -9.571323\n",
       "2413   18.921183    0.019401\n",
       "2414  -11.730723   11.629858\n",
       "2415  -10.648725  -20.464689\n",
       "2416  -14.607650  -28.204895\n",
       "2417   22.208313   59.774940\n",
       "2418   18.101646   50.290718\n",
       "2419   79.875191  -52.351452\n",
       "2420   19.713749   -3.595418\n",
       "\n",
       "[2421 rows x 2 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# If you need the branch names, you can get them with return_labels=True\n",
    "\n",
    "data, labels = tree.AsMatrix([\"MET_px\", \"MET_py\"], return_labels=True)\n",
    "print(f\"labels = {labels}\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "import pandas\n",
    "pandas.DataFrame(data, columns=labels)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2 muons: [-52.89945602416992, 37.7377815246582]\n",
      "1 muons: [-0.8164593577384949]\n",
      "2 muons: [48.987831115722656, 0.8275666832923889]\n",
      "2 muons: [22.08833122253418, 76.6919174194336]\n",
      "2 muons: [45.171321868896484, 39.75095748901367]\n",
      "2 muons: [9.228110313415527, -5.793715000152588]\n",
      "2 muons: [12.538717269897461, 29.541839599609375]\n",
      "1 muons: [34.883758544921875]\n",
      "2 muons: [-53.16697311401367, 11.491869926452637]\n",
      "2 muons: [-67.01485443115234, -18.118755340576172]\n",
      "2 muons: [15.983028411865234, 34.68440628051758]\n",
      "2 muons: [-70.51190948486328, -38.028743743896484]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# If your data have more than one value per event, PyROOT can handle that...\n",
    "\n",
    "for i, event in enumerate(tree):\n",
    "    print(len(event.Muon_Px), \"muons:\", [x for x in event.Muon_Px])\n",
    "    if i > 10:\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[0.],\n",
       "       [0.],\n",
       "       [0.],\n",
       "       ...,\n",
       "       [0.],\n",
       "       [0.],\n",
       "       [0.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    },
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Error in <TTreeReaderValueBase::GetBranchDataType()>: Must use TTreeReaderArray to read branch Muon_Px: it contains an array or a collection.\n",
      "Error in <TTreeReaderValueBase::CreateProxy()>: The branch Muon_Px contains data of type {UNDETERMINED TYPE}, which does not have a dictionary.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# ...but tree.AsMatrix cannot.\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.AsMatrix([\"Muon_Px\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"img/03-coming-soon-1.png\" width=\"93%\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"img/03-coming-soon-2.png\" width=\"93%\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br><br><br><br><br><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "<span style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-left: 230px\"><b>Method 2: root_numpy</b></span>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br><br><br><br><br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([(  5.912771,   2.5636332), ( 24.765203, -16.34911  ),\n",
       "       (-25.785088,  16.237131 ), ..., ( 18.101646,  50.290718 ),\n",
       "       ( 79.87519 , -52.35145  ), ( 19.713749,  -3.5954182)],\n",
       "      dtype=[('MET_px', '<f4'), ('MET_py', '<f4')])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# root_numpy is built on top of C++ ROOT, not PyROOT\n",
    "import root_numpy\n",
    "\n",
    "# it can extract Numpy arrays from a PyROOT tree\n",
    "root_numpy.tree2array(tree, [\"MET_px\", \"MET_py\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "# or directly from a filename/treename\n",
    "root_numpy.root2array(\"data/HZZ.root\", \"events\", [\"MET_px\", \"MET_py\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "And it uses all the same tricks as `TTree::Draw` to loop over events with minimal overhead.\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src=\"img/root-numpy-fast.png\" width=\"100%\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([(array([-52.899456,  37.73778 ], dtype=float32),),\n",
       "       (array([-0.81645936], dtype=float32),),\n",
       "       (array([48.98783  ,  0.8275667], dtype=float32),), ...,\n",
       "       (array([-29.756786], dtype=float32),),\n",
       "       (array([1.1418698], dtype=float32),),\n",
       "       (array([23.913206], dtype=float32),)], dtype=[('Muon_Px', 'O')])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Unlike PyROOT's AsMatrix, root_numpy can read multiple values per event.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Each event is represented as a separate Numpy array, and\n",
    "# they're all in a Numpy object array (Numpy array of pointers to Python objects).\n",
    "\n",
    "root_numpy.tree2array(tree, [\"Muon_Px\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "**Remember what a Numpy array is: an array per event means a Python object per event.**\n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "<center><img src=\"img/numpy-memory-layout.png\" width=\"80%\"></center>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[94016150005680,\n",
       " 94016199575968,\n",
       " 94016199575168,\n",
       " 94016190264160,\n",
       " 94016199575232,\n",
       " 94016206060352,\n",
       " 94016206060416,\n",
       " 94016199575136,\n",
       " 94016211549280,\n",
       " 94016211549344,\n",
       " 94016211549408,\n",
       " 94016197152992,\n",
       " 94016199575264,\n",
       " 94016197153088,\n",
       " 94016197153152,\n",
       " 94016197860720,\n",
       " 94016197860784,\n",
       " 94016197860848,\n",
       " 94016197860912,\n",
       " 94016197860976]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Worse still, the pointers (array.ctypes.data) are not contiguous in memory: pointer chasing!\n",
    "\n",
    "[x[0].ctypes.data for x in root_numpy.tree2array(tree, [\"Muon_Px\"])[:20]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "IndexError",
     "evalue": "too many indices for array",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mIndexError\u001b[0m                                Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-9-5d2dc4188a21>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mroot_numpy\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtree2array\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtree\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Muon_Px\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m10\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mIndexError\u001b[0m: too many indices for array"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Furthermore, it's not a single array, so multidimensional indexing doesn't work.\n",
    "\n",
    "a = root_numpy.tree2array(tree, [\"Muon_Px\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "a[:10, 0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"img/root-numpy-optionalroot.png\" width=\"100%\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>muonp4.Pt()</th>\n",
       "      <th>muonp4.Pt() + 1000</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>[54.16810703140204, 37.74415265978988]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1054.168107031402, 1037.74415265979]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>[24.41791248135961]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1024.4179124813595]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>[53.58826697278532, 29.811997139120674]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1053.5882669727853, 1029.8119971391206]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>[88.63194310332618, 77.95148447265454]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1088.6319431033262, 1077.9514844726546]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>[81.01140452083426, 47.17504574667714]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1081.0114045208343, 1047.1750457466771]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>[41.591052358050575, 30.844215085173435]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1041.5910523580505, 1030.8442150851733]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>[44.35777431661225, 29.874452374029385]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1044.3577743166122, 1029.8744523740295]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>[38.37087544930784]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1038.3708754493077]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>[106.28355631699014, 12.311635885539262]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1106.2835563169901, 1012.3116358855393]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>[85.53881159059787, 39.506103898783294]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1085.5388115905978, 1039.5061038987833]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>[51.64914852288953, 46.49716868294783]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1051.6491485228896, 1046.4971686829479]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>[75.51093887887036, 50.514888290524446]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1075.5109388788703, 1050.5148882905244]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>[79.79030751726177]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1079.7903075172617]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>[26.225671131477768]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1026.2256711314778]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>[128.02862618591368, 49.620239052606124]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1128.0286261859137, 1049.6202390526062]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>[54.80017239533791, 43.27432148588847]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1054.800172395338, 1043.2743214858885]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>[53.99401375649458, 31.03810019611473]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1053.9940137564945, 1031.0381001961148]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>[46.81564562809829]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1046.8156456280983]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>[48.38432826266856, 22.844403427258605]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1048.3843282626685, 1022.8444034272586]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>[50.34849799613474, 33.98432269384266, 19.5256...</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1050.3484979961347, 1033.9843226938426, 1019....</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>[59.241336101266675, 31.045482083886156]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1059.2413361012666, 1031.045482083886]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>[39.38447172785867, 29.775330796393686]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1039.3844717278587, 1029.7753307963937]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>[51.413430422821015, 40.14969736673915]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1051.413430422821, 1040.1496973667392]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>[55.47143806913377]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1055.4714380691337]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>[62.739702675727685]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1062.7397026757276]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>[51.941238403544965, 35.264491830259054]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1051.941238403545, 1035.264491830259]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>[25.80016715106026]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1025.8001671510604]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>[50.3112282694008]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1050.3112282694008]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>[70.71846468347898, 28.587417576868287]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1070.718464683479, 1028.5874175768683]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>[71.20280452402069, 47.464213230610625]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1071.2028045240206, 1047.4642132306105]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2391</th>\n",
       "      <td>[30.04504545372089]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1030.0450454537208]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2392</th>\n",
       "      <td>[70.9793623592288]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1070.9793623592288]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2393</th>\n",
       "      <td>[90.21392820819183, 40.946725336532985]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1090.2139282081919, 1040.946725336533]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2394</th>\n",
       "      <td>[27.89672504255123, 27.801072886784407]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1027.8967250425512, 1027.8010728867844]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2395</th>\n",
       "      <td>[56.903531066383415]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1056.9035310663835]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2396</th>\n",
       "      <td>[107.60963327057247, 40.88883377098777]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1107.6096332705724, 1040.8888337709877]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2397</th>\n",
       "      <td>[68.9053871546623, 27.247716276377126]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1068.9053871546623, 1027.247716276377]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2398</th>\n",
       "      <td>[24.18790064023774]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1024.1879006402378]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2399</th>\n",
       "      <td>[52.86494512751539, 19.32115221145384]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1052.8649451275153, 1019.3211522114539]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2400</th>\n",
       "      <td>[59.978915429217956, 56.37943127741561]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1059.978915429218, 1056.3794312774155]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2401</th>\n",
       "      <td>[35.36808761769148]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1035.3680876176916]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2402</th>\n",
       "      <td>[39.741086188290936]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1039.7410861882909]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2403</th>\n",
       "      <td>[31.330797436088073]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1031.330797436088]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2404</th>\n",
       "      <td>[63.80593339751661]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1063.8059333975166]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2405</th>\n",
       "      <td>[52.443837271808086, 36.12020344001634]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1052.443837271808, 1036.1202034400164]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2406</th>\n",
       "      <td>[76.18733843936784, 31.307274249720876]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1076.1873384393677, 1031.3072742497209]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2407</th>\n",
       "      <td>[45.434622183033774, 29.265601602084903]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1045.4346221830338, 1029.2656016020849]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2408</th>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2409</th>\n",
       "      <td>[32.09086668290633]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1032.0908666829064]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2410</th>\n",
       "      <td>[58.388242188928, 35.83115445691242]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1058.388242188928, 1035.8311544569124]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2411</th>\n",
       "      <td>[61.64505369183525, 28.647494884161652]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1061.6450536918353, 1028.6474948841617]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2412</th>\n",
       "      <td>[35.27358198566274]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1035.2735819856628]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2413</th>\n",
       "      <td>[42.554395216040724]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1042.5543952160408]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2414</th>\n",
       "      <td>[43.19601861306685]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1043.1960186130668]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2415</th>\n",
       "      <td>[44.97159626392337, 33.24442978298967]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1044.9715962639234, 1033.2444297829898]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2416</th>\n",
       "      <td>[41.91365807511886]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1041.9136580751187]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2417</th>\n",
       "      <td>[37.81439514806715]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1037.8143951480672]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2418</th>\n",
       "      <td>[33.461536523629654]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1033.4615365236295]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2419</th>\n",
       "      <td>[63.619817705512375]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1063.6198177055123]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2420</th>\n",
       "      <td>[42.93994828083644]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1042.9399482808365]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>2421 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                                            muonp4.Pt()  \\\n",
       "0                [54.16810703140204, 37.74415265978988]   \n",
       "1                                   [24.41791248135961]   \n",
       "2               [53.58826697278532, 29.811997139120674]   \n",
       "3                [88.63194310332618, 77.95148447265454]   \n",
       "4                [81.01140452083426, 47.17504574667714]   \n",
       "5              [41.591052358050575, 30.844215085173435]   \n",
       "6               [44.35777431661225, 29.874452374029385]   \n",
       "7                                   [38.37087544930784]   \n",
       "8              [106.28355631699014, 12.311635885539262]   \n",
       "9               [85.53881159059787, 39.506103898783294]   \n",
       "10               [51.64914852288953, 46.49716868294783]   \n",
       "11              [75.51093887887036, 50.514888290524446]   \n",
       "12                                  [79.79030751726177]   \n",
       "13                                 [26.225671131477768]   \n",
       "14             [128.02862618591368, 49.620239052606124]   \n",
       "15               [54.80017239533791, 43.27432148588847]   \n",
       "16               [53.99401375649458, 31.03810019611473]   \n",
       "17                                  [46.81564562809829]   \n",
       "18              [48.38432826266856, 22.844403427258605]   \n",
       "19    [50.34849799613474, 33.98432269384266, 19.5256...   \n",
       "20             [59.241336101266675, 31.045482083886156]   \n",
       "21              [39.38447172785867, 29.775330796393686]   \n",
       "22              [51.413430422821015, 40.14969736673915]   \n",
       "23                                  [55.47143806913377]   \n",
       "24                                 [62.739702675727685]   \n",
       "25             [51.941238403544965, 35.264491830259054]   \n",
       "26                                  [25.80016715106026]   \n",
       "27                                   [50.3112282694008]   \n",
       "28              [70.71846468347898, 28.587417576868287]   \n",
       "29              [71.20280452402069, 47.464213230610625]   \n",
       "...                                                 ...   \n",
       "2391                                [30.04504545372089]   \n",
       "2392                                 [70.9793623592288]   \n",
       "2393            [90.21392820819183, 40.946725336532985]   \n",
       "2394            [27.89672504255123, 27.801072886784407]   \n",
       "2395                               [56.903531066383415]   \n",
       "2396            [107.60963327057247, 40.88883377098777]   \n",
       "2397             [68.9053871546623, 27.247716276377126]   \n",
       "2398                                [24.18790064023774]   \n",
       "2399             [52.86494512751539, 19.32115221145384]   \n",
       "2400            [59.978915429217956, 56.37943127741561]   \n",
       "2401                                [35.36808761769148]   \n",
       "2402                               [39.741086188290936]   \n",
       "2403                               [31.330797436088073]   \n",
       "2404                                [63.80593339751661]   \n",
       "2405            [52.443837271808086, 36.12020344001634]   \n",
       "2406            [76.18733843936784, 31.307274249720876]   \n",
       "2407           [45.434622183033774, 29.265601602084903]   \n",
       "2408                                                 []   \n",
       "2409                                [32.09086668290633]   \n",
       "2410               [58.388242188928, 35.83115445691242]   \n",
       "2411            [61.64505369183525, 28.647494884161652]   \n",
       "2412                                [35.27358198566274]   \n",
       "2413                               [42.554395216040724]   \n",
       "2414                                [43.19601861306685]   \n",
       "2415             [44.97159626392337, 33.24442978298967]   \n",
       "2416                                [41.91365807511886]   \n",
       "2417                                [37.81439514806715]   \n",
       "2418                               [33.461536523629654]   \n",
       "2419                               [63.619817705512375]   \n",
       "2420                                [42.93994828083644]   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                     muonp4.Pt() + 1000  \n",
       "0                 [1054.168107031402, 1037.74415265979]  \n",
       "1                                  [1024.4179124813595]  \n",
       "2              [1053.5882669727853, 1029.8119971391206]  \n",
       "3              [1088.6319431033262, 1077.9514844726546]  \n",
       "4              [1081.0114045208343, 1047.1750457466771]  \n",
       "5              [1041.5910523580505, 1030.8442150851733]  \n",
       "6              [1044.3577743166122, 1029.8744523740295]  \n",
       "7                                  [1038.3708754493077]  \n",
       "8              [1106.2835563169901, 1012.3116358855393]  \n",
       "9              [1085.5388115905978, 1039.5061038987833]  \n",
       "10             [1051.6491485228896, 1046.4971686829479]  \n",
       "11             [1075.5109388788703, 1050.5148882905244]  \n",
       "12                                 [1079.7903075172617]  \n",
       "13                                 [1026.2256711314778]  \n",
       "14             [1128.0286261859137, 1049.6202390526062]  \n",
       "15              [1054.800172395338, 1043.2743214858885]  \n",
       "16             [1053.9940137564945, 1031.0381001961148]  \n",
       "17                                 [1046.8156456280983]  \n",
       "18             [1048.3843282626685, 1022.8444034272586]  \n",
       "19    [1050.3484979961347, 1033.9843226938426, 1019....  \n",
       "20              [1059.2413361012666, 1031.045482083886]  \n",
       "21             [1039.3844717278587, 1029.7753307963937]  \n",
       "22              [1051.413430422821, 1040.1496973667392]  \n",
       "23                                 [1055.4714380691337]  \n",
       "24                                 [1062.7397026757276]  \n",
       "25               [1051.941238403545, 1035.264491830259]  \n",
       "26                                 [1025.8001671510604]  \n",
       "27                                 [1050.3112282694008]  \n",
       "28              [1070.718464683479, 1028.5874175768683]  \n",
       "29             [1071.2028045240206, 1047.4642132306105]  \n",
       "...                                                 ...  \n",
       "2391                               [1030.0450454537208]  \n",
       "2392                               [1070.9793623592288]  \n",
       "2393            [1090.2139282081919, 1040.946725336533]  \n",
       "2394           [1027.8967250425512, 1027.8010728867844]  \n",
       "2395                               [1056.9035310663835]  \n",
       "2396           [1107.6096332705724, 1040.8888337709877]  \n",
       "2397            [1068.9053871546623, 1027.247716276377]  \n",
       "2398                               [1024.1879006402378]  \n",
       "2399           [1052.8649451275153, 1019.3211522114539]  \n",
       "2400            [1059.978915429218, 1056.3794312774155]  \n",
       "2401                               [1035.3680876176916]  \n",
       "2402                               [1039.7410861882909]  \n",
       "2403                                [1031.330797436088]  \n",
       "2404                               [1063.8059333975166]  \n",
       "2405            [1052.443837271808, 1036.1202034400164]  \n",
       "2406           [1076.1873384393677, 1031.3072742497209]  \n",
       "2407           [1045.4346221830338, 1029.2656016020849]  \n",
       "2408                                                 []  \n",
       "2409                               [1032.0908666829064]  \n",
       "2410            [1058.388242188928, 1035.8311544569124]  \n",
       "2411           [1061.6450536918353, 1028.6474948841617]  \n",
       "2412                               [1035.2735819856628]  \n",
       "2413                               [1042.5543952160408]  \n",
       "2414                               [1043.1960186130668]  \n",
       "2415           [1044.9715962639234, 1033.2444297829898]  \n",
       "2416                               [1041.9136580751187]  \n",
       "2417                               [1037.8143951480672]  \n",
       "2418                               [1033.4615365236295]  \n",
       "2419                               [1063.6198177055123]  \n",
       "2420                               [1042.9399482808365]  \n",
       "\n",
       "[2421 rows x 2 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# But the advantage of being compiled against ROOT is that you can run any TTree::Draw formula\n",
    "# on the branches, including C++ object methods.\n",
    "\n",
    "# This muonp4 branch has type TLorentzVector, which has a Pt() method.\n",
    "pandas.DataFrame(\n",
    "    root_numpy.root2array(\"data/HZZ-objects.root\", \"events\", [\"muonp4.Pt()\", \"muonp4.Pt() + 1000\"]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br><br><br><br><br><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "<span style=\"font-size: 24px; margin-left: 230px\"><b>Method 3: uproot</b></span>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br><br><br><br><br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"img/uproot-frontpage.png\" width=\"100%\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "**Uproot is an independent implementation of ROOT I/O, built on common Python libraries (i.e. it's pip-installable).**\n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "<center><img src=\"img/abstraction-layers.png\" width=\"80%\"></center>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{b'MET_px': array([  5.912771,  24.765203, -25.785088, ...,  18.101646,  79.87519 ,\n",
       "         19.713749], dtype=float32),\n",
       " b'MET_py': array([  2.5636332, -16.34911  ,  16.237131 , ...,  50.290718 ,\n",
       "        -52.35145  ,  -3.5954182], dtype=float32)}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import uproot\n",
    "\n",
    "# uproot uses the Python standard library and Numpy to read ROOT files into\n",
    "# \n",
    "#     dict of bytestring → array\n",
    "\n",
    "uproot.open(\"data/HZZ.root\")[\"events\"].arrays([\"MET_px\", \"MET_py\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<JaggedArray [[-52.899456 37.73778] [-0.81645936] [48.98783 0.8275667] ... [-29.756786] [1.1418698] [23.913206]] at 0x7f454d66e4a8>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A variable number of values per event is represented as a jagged array:\n",
    "\n",
    "uproot_tree = uproot.open(\"data/HZZ.root\")[\"events\"]\n",
    "jagged = uproot_tree.array(\"Muon_Px\")\n",
    "jagged"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "jagged presentation: [[-52.899456 37.73778] [-0.81645936] [48.98783 0.8275667] ... [-29.756786] [1.1418698] [23.913206]]\n",
      "\n",
      "jagged content: [-52.899456    37.73778     -0.81645936 ... -29.756786     1.1418698\n",
      "  23.913206  ]\n",
      "\n",
      "jagged offsets: [   0    2    3 ... 3823 3824 3825]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# These per-event arrays are contiguous in memory and NOT Python objects.\n",
    "\n",
    "# An array for a single event (e.g. when presenting it on the screen) is generated on demand.\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"\\njagged presentation: {jagged}\")\n",
    "print(f\"\\njagged content: {jagged.content}\")\n",
    "print(f\"\\njagged offsets: {jagged.offsets}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "19.7 ms ± 95.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%timeit\n",
    "\n",
    "for event in tree:\n",
    "    [x for x in event.Muon_Px]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1.46 ms ± 13.4 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%timeit\n",
    "\n",
    "root_numpy.tree2array(tree, [\"Muon_Px\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "742 µs ± 15.2 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%timeit\n",
    "\n",
    "uproot_tree.array(\"Muon_Px\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "With minor caveats, this is how data are stored in the bytes of the ROOT file on disk, so\n",
    "\n",
    "    PyROOT/root_numpy: columnar → event objects → columnar\n",
    "\n",
    "               uproot: columnar         →         columnar\n",
    "\n",
    "| Method     | Time (ms) | Speedup |\n",
    "|:-----------|----------:|--------:|\n",
    "| PyROOT     | 19.7      | 1×      |\n",
    "| root_numpy | 1.46      | 13×     |\n",
    "| uproot     | 0.742     | 27×     |\n",
    "\n",
    "(Note: this is a tiny file, running time dominated by starting and stopping.)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "**This was a broad study of a more substantial file.**\n",
    "\n",
    "<br>\n",
    "\n",
    "<img src=\"img/logscales.png\" width=\"100%\">"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<JaggedArrayMethods [[TLorentzVector(-52.899, -11.655, -8.1608, 54.779) TLorentzVector(37.738, 0.69347, -11.308, 39.402)] [TLorentzVector(-0.81646, -24.404, 20.2, 31.69)] [TLorentzVector(48.988, -21.723, 11.168, 54.74) TLorentzVector(0.82757, 29.801, 36.965, 47.489)] ... [TLorentzVector(-29.757, -15.304, -52.664, 62.395)] [TLorentzVector(1.1419, 63.61, 162.18, 174.21)] [TLorentzVector(23.913, -35.665, 54.719, 69.556)]] at 0x7f454da5d6a0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Being a Python reimplementation, class instances do not have any of their C++ methods.\n",
    "\n",
    "# But many class types can be read (because ROOT includes streamers in the file to decode them.)\n",
    "\n",
    "muons = uproot.open(\"data/HZZ-objects.root\")[\"events\"].array(\"muonp4\")\n",
    "muons"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "muons.pt = [[54.16810703140204 37.74415265978988] [24.41791248135961] [53.58826697278532 29.811997139120674] ... [33.461536523629654] [63.619817705512375] [42.93994828083644]]\n",
      "\n",
      "muons[:10].mass = [[0.10559298741436905 0.10545247041042287] [0.105499240400313] [0.10696309110601164 0.10513788128369116] ... [0.1177042005466644] [0.10003178932782261 0.10570681544295826] [0.10358060768576076 0.10761322229556605]]\n",
      "\n",
      "(leading + subleading) = [TLorentzVector(-15.162, -10.961, -19.468, 94.181) TLorentzVector(49.815, 8.0774, 48.133, 102.23) TLorentzVector(98.78, -99.792, 738.94, 757.5) ... TLorentzVector(22.797, -5.2167, 32.613, 100.43) TLorentzVector(28.806, 16.557, -24.978, 95.018) TLorentzVector(2.9387, 18.416, -261.92, 273.35)]\n",
      "\n",
      "(leading + subleading).mass = [90.22779777 74.74654928 89.75736376 ... 92.06495256 85.44384208\n",
      " 75.96066262]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# And a few classes have methods implemented in Python.\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"muons.pt =\", muons.pt)\n",
    "print(\"\\nmuons[:10].mass =\", muons[:10].mass)\n",
    "\n",
    "leading    = muons[muons.counts >= 2, 0]\n",
    "subleading = muons[muons.counts >= 2, 1]\n",
    "print(\"\\n(leading + subleading) =\", leading + subleading)\n",
    "print(\"\\n(leading + subleading).mass =\", (leading + subleading).mass)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br><br><br><br><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "# Uproot basics\n",
    "\n",
    "<br><br><br><br><br>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[b'ProcessID0;1', b'htime;1', b'T;1', b'hstat;1']\n",
      "\n",
      "[<TProcessID b'ProcessID0' at 0x7f456dee9320>, <b'TH1F' b'htime' 0x7f454da41818>, <TTree b'T' at 0x7f456de0c9e8>, <b'TH1F' b'hstat' 0x7f457685abd8>]\n",
      "\n",
      "[(b'ProcessID0;1', <class 'uproot.rootio.TProcessID'>), (b'htime;1', <class 'uproot.rootio.TH1F'>), (b'T;1', <class 'uproot.rootio.TTree'>), (b'hstat;1', <class 'uproot.rootio.TH1F'>)]\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# We've already seen some examples; now let's break them down to see how they work.\n",
    "\n",
    "file = uproot.open(\"http://scikit-hep.org/uproot/examples/Event.root\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# A file or TDirectory object acts like a Python dict.\n",
    "print(file.keys(), end=\"\\n\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# The value is not read from disk until you ask (and every time you ask).\n",
    "print(file.values(), end=\"\\n\\n\")\n",
    "\n",
    "# You can check the classes before opening it.\n",
    "print(file.classes(), end=\"\\n\\n\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                   0                                                     0.38739\n",
      "                   +-----------------------------------------------------------+\n",
      "[-inf, 0) 0.021839 |***                                                        |\n",
      "[0, 1)    0.33352  |***************************************************        |\n",
      "[1, 2)    0.30403  |**********************************************             |\n",
      "[2, 3)    0.32452  |*************************************************          |\n",
      "[3, 4)    0.35097  |*****************************************************      |\n",
      "[4, 5)    0.36894  |********************************************************   |\n",
      "[5, 6)    0.30728  |***********************************************            |\n",
      "[6, 7)    0.30681  |***********************************************            |\n",
      "[7, 8)    0.34156  |****************************************************       |\n",
      "[8, 9)    0.16151  |*************************                                  |\n",
      "[9, 10)   0        |                                                           |\n",
      "[10, inf] 0        |                                                           |\n",
      "                   +-----------------------------------------------------------+\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Exercise: extract a histogram from \"file\" and call .show() on it to view its data.\n",
    "\n",
    "# (How would you do that if the file were a Python dict?)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Int32                      (no streamer)              asdtype('>i4')\n",
      "Int64                      (no streamer)              asdtype('>i8')\n",
      "UInt32                     (no streamer)              asdtype('>u4')\n",
      "UInt64                     (no streamer)              asdtype('>u8')\n",
      "Float32                    (no streamer)              asdtype('>f4')\n",
      "Float64                    (no streamer)              asdtype('>f8')\n",
      "Str                        (no streamer)              asstring()\n",
      "ArrayInt32                 (no streamer)              asdtype(\"('>i4', (10,))\")\n",
      "ArrayInt64                 (no streamer)              asdtype(\"('>i8', (10,))\")\n",
      "ArrayUInt32                (no streamer)              asdtype(\"('>u4', (10,))\")\n",
      "ArrayUInt64                (no streamer)              asdtype(\"('>u8', (10,))\")\n",
      "ArrayFloat32               (no streamer)              asdtype(\"('>f4', (10,))\")\n",
      "ArrayFloat64               (no streamer)              asdtype(\"('>f8', (10,))\")\n",
      "N                          (no streamer)              asdtype('>i4')\n",
      "SliceInt32                 (no streamer)              asjagged(asdtype('>i4'))\n",
      "SliceInt64                 (no streamer)              asjagged(asdtype('>i8'))\n",
      "SliceUInt32                (no streamer)              asjagged(asdtype('>u4'))\n",
      "SliceUInt64                (no streamer)              asjagged(asdtype('>u8'))\n",
      "SliceFloat32               (no streamer)              asjagged(asdtype('>f4'))\n",
      "SliceFloat64               (no streamer)              asjagged(asdtype('>f8'))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# nested directories may be navigated with / for convenience.\n",
    "file = uproot.open(\"http://scikit-hep.org/uproot/examples/nesteddirs.root\")\n",
    "\n",
    "file[\"one\"][\"two\"][\"tree\"].show()\n",
    "# file[\"one/two/tree\"].show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[b'Int32', b'Int64', b'UInt32', b'UInt64', b'Float32', b'Float64', b'Str', b'ArrayInt32', b'ArrayInt64', b'ArrayUInt32', b'ArrayUInt64', b'ArrayFloat32', b'ArrayFloat64', b'N', b'SliceInt32', b'SliceInt64', b'SliceUInt32', b'SliceUInt64', b'SliceFloat32', b'SliceFloat64']\n",
      "[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23\n",
      " 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47\n",
      " 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71\n",
      " 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95\n",
      " 96 97 98 99]\n",
      "[ 0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23\n",
      " 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47\n",
      " 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71\n",
      " 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95\n",
      " 96 97 98 99]\n",
      "{b'Int32': array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
      "       17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
      "       34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
      "       51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
      "       68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
      "       85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99],\n",
      "      dtype=int32), b'Float32': array([ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  4.,  5.,  6.,  7.,  8.,  9., 10., 11., 12.,\n",
      "       13., 14., 15., 16., 17., 18., 19., 20., 21., 22., 23., 24., 25.,\n",
      "       26., 27., 28., 29., 30., 31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., 37., 38.,\n",
      "       39., 40., 41., 42., 43., 44., 45., 46., 47., 48., 49., 50., 51.,\n",
      "       52., 53., 54., 55., 56., 57., 58., 59., 60., 61., 62., 63., 64.,\n",
      "       65., 66., 67., 68., 69., 70., 71., 72., 73., 74., 75., 76., 77.,\n",
      "       78., 79., 80., 81., 82., 83., 84., 85., 86., 87., 88., 89., 90.,\n",
      "       91., 92., 93., 94., 95., 96., 97., 98., 99.], dtype=float32)}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "tree = file[\"one/two/tree\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "# TTrees are like dicts for their branches, which have an array() method.\n",
    "# You can also call array() or arrays() on the TTree itself.\n",
    "\n",
    "print(tree.keys())\n",
    "print(tree[\"Int32\"].array())\n",
    "print(tree.array(\"Int32\"))\n",
    "print(tree.arrays([\"Int32\", \"Float32\"]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'ArrayInt32[10]/I'\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array([[ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],\n",
       "       [ 1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1],\n",
       "       [ 2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2],\n",
       "       [ 3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3,  3],\n",
       "       [ 4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4,  4],\n",
       "       [ 5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5],\n",
       "       [ 6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6,  6],\n",
       "       [ 7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7,  7],\n",
       "       [ 8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8,  8],\n",
       "       [ 9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9],\n",
       "       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],\n",
       "       [11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11],\n",
       "       [12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12],\n",
       "       [13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13],\n",
       "       [14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14],\n",
       "       [15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15],\n",
       "       [16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16],\n",
       "       [17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17],\n",
       "       [18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18],\n",
       "       [19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19],\n",
       "       [20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20],\n",
       "       [21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21],\n",
       "       [22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22],\n",
       "       [23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23, 23],\n",
       "       [24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24, 24],\n",
       "       [25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25, 25],\n",
       "       [26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26],\n",
       "       [27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27],\n",
       "       [28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28],\n",
       "       [29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29],\n",
       "       [30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30],\n",
       "       [31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31],\n",
       "       [32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32, 32],\n",
       "       [33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33],\n",
       "       [34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34, 34],\n",
       "       [35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35, 35],\n",
       "       [36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36],\n",
       "       [37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37, 37],\n",
       "       [38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38, 38],\n",
       "       [39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39],\n",
       "       [40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40, 40],\n",
       "       [41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41, 41],\n",
       "       [42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42],\n",
       "       [43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43],\n",
       "       [44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44],\n",
       "       [45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45, 45],\n",
       "       [46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46],\n",
       "       [47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47, 47],\n",
       "       [48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48, 48],\n",
       "       [49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49, 49],\n",
       "       [50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50],\n",
       "       [51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51],\n",
       "       [52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52, 52],\n",
       "       [53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53, 53],\n",
       "       [54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54],\n",
       "       [55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55],\n",
       "       [56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56],\n",
       "       [57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57],\n",
       "       [58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58],\n",
       "       [59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59],\n",
       "       [60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60],\n",
       "       [61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61],\n",
       "       [62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62],\n",
       "       [63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63],\n",
       "       [64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64],\n",
       "       [65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65],\n",
       "       [66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66],\n",
       "       [67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67, 67],\n",
       "       [68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68, 68],\n",
       "       [69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69, 69],\n",
       "       [70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70, 70],\n",
       "       [71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71, 71],\n",
       "       [72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72, 72],\n",
       "       [73, 73, 73, 73, 73, 73, 73, 73, 73, 73],\n",
       "       [74, 74, 74, 74, 74, 74, 74, 74, 74, 74],\n",
       "       [75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75, 75],\n",
       "       [76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76],\n",
       "       [77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77],\n",
       "       [78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78],\n",
       "       [79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79],\n",
       "       [80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80, 80],\n",
       "       [81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81, 81],\n",
       "       [82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82, 82],\n",
       "       [83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83, 83],\n",
       "       [84, 84, 84, 84, 84, 84, 84, 84, 84, 84],\n",
       "       [85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85, 85],\n",
       "       [86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86],\n",
       "       [87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87],\n",
       "       [88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88],\n",
       "       [89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89],\n",
       "       [90, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90, 90],\n",
       "       [91, 91, 91, 91, 91, 91, 91, 91, 91, 91],\n",
       "       [92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92, 92],\n",
       "       [93, 93, 93, 93, 93, 93, 93, 93, 93, 93],\n",
       "       [94, 94, 94, 94, 94, 94, 94, 94, 94, 94],\n",
       "       [95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95, 95],\n",
       "       [96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96],\n",
       "       [97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97],\n",
       "       [98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98],\n",
       "       [99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99]], dtype=int32)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Array branches become n-dimensional Numpy arrays (len(shape) > 1)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(tree[\"ArrayInt32\"].title)\n",
    "tree.array(\"ArrayInt32\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'SliceInt32[N]/I'\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<JaggedArray [[] [1] [2 2] ... [97 97 97 ... 97 97 97] [98 98 98 ... 98 98 98] [99 99 99 ... 99 99 99]] at 0x7f454da5d278>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# And arbitrary-length array branches become JaggedArrays.\n",
    "\n",
    "print(tree[\"SliceInt32\"].title)\n",
    "tree.array(\"SliceInt32\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{b'fTracks.fMass2': <JaggedArray [[4.5 4.5 4.5 ... 4.5 4.5 4.5] [4.5 4.5 4.5 ... 4.5 4.5 4.5] [8.90625 8.90625 8.90625 ... 8.90625 8.90625 8.90625] [8.90625 8.90625 8.90625 ... 8.90625 8.90625 8.90625] [8.90625 8.90625 8.90625 ... 8.90625 8.90625 8.90625] [4.5 4.5 4.5 ... 4.5 4.5 4.5]] at 0x7f456de94e80>,\n",
       " b'fTracks.fCharge': <JaggedArray [[1.0 1.0 1.0 ... 1.0 1.0 0.0] [1.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 1.0 -1.0] [-1.0 1.0 1.0 ... -1.0 1.0 1.0] [0.0 -1.0 -1.0 ... 1.0 -1.0 0.0] [-1.0 0.0 -1.0 ... 1.0 0.0 -1.0] [1.0 1.0 0.0 ... 1.0 1.0 1.0]] at 0x7f456de94a90>}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Most C++ class types can be read because they have been \"split\" into separate branches.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Attributes of the same objects have the same-sized arrays and subarrays.\n",
    "\n",
    "tree2 = uproot.open(\"http://scikit-hep.org/uproot/examples/Event.root\")[\"T\"]\n",
    "tree2.arrays([\"fTracks.fMass2\", \"fTracks.fCharge\"], entrystop=6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[<b'TH1F' b'hstat' 0x7f45767dab88> <b'TH1F' b'hstat' 0x7f45767dabd8> <b'TH1F' b'hstat' 0x7f45767dadb8> <b'TH1F' b'hstat' 0x7f45767dab88> <b'TH1F' b'hstat' 0x7f45767dabd8> <b'TH1F' b'hstat' 0x7f45767dadb8>]\n",
      "[b'Event Histogram', b'Event Histogram', b'Event Histogram', b'Event Histogram', b'Event Histogram', b'Event Histogram']\n",
      "[array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
      "      dtype=float32), array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
      "      dtype=float32), array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
      "      dtype=float32), array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
      "      dtype=float32), array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
      "      dtype=float32), array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0.,\n",
      "       0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
      "      dtype=float32)]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Some C++ class types can be read because of the streamer information.\n",
    "\n",
    "# If they're inside a TTree, it still works (in most cases—there are many special cases...).\n",
    "\n",
    "histograms = tree2.array(\"fH\", entrystop=6)\n",
    "print(histograms)\n",
    "print([x.title for x in histograms])\n",
    "print([x.values for x in histograms])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "fNtrack             → asdtype('>i4')\n",
      "\n",
      "fTemperature        → asdtype('>f4', 'float64')\n",
      "\n",
      "fMatrix[4][4]       → asdtype(\"('>f4', (4, 4))\", \"('<f8', (4, 4))\")\n",
      "\n",
      "fTracks.fMass2      → asjagged(asfloat16(0.0, 0.0, 8, dtype([('exponent', 'u1'), ('mantissa', '>u2')]), dtype('float32')))\n",
      "\n",
      "fTracks.fCharge     → asjagged(asdouble32(-1.0, 1.0, 2, dtype('>u4'), dtype('float64')))\n",
      "\n",
      "fH                  → asgenobj(TH1F)\n",
      "\n",
      "fTracks.fPointValue → None\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A branch's interpretation determines whether and how it will be expressed in arrays.\n",
    "\n",
    "print(f\"\"\"\\nfNtrack             → {tree2[\"fNtrack\"].interpretation}\"\"\")\n",
    "print(f\"\"\"\\nfTemperature        → {tree2[\"fTemperature\"].interpretation}\"\"\")\n",
    "print(f\"\"\"\\nfMatrix[4][4]       → {tree2[\"fMatrix[4][4]\"].interpretation}\"\"\")\n",
    "print(f\"\"\"\\nfTracks.fMass2      → {tree2[\"fTracks.fMass2\"].interpretation}\"\"\")\n",
    "print(f\"\"\"\\nfTracks.fCharge     → {tree2[\"fTracks.fCharge\"].interpretation}\"\"\")\n",
    "print(f\"\"\"\\nfH                  → {tree2[\"fH\"].interpretation}\"\"\")\n",
    "print(f\"\"\"\\nfTracks.fPointValue → {tree2[\"fTracks.fPointValue\"].interpretation}\"\"\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\u001b[0;31mSignature:\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[0mtree\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0marrays\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m    \u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m'branches=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\"outputtype=<class 'dict'>\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'namedecode=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'entrystart=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'entrystop=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'flatten=False'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'flatname=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'awkwardlib=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'cache=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'basketcache=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'keycache=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'executor=None'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'blocking=True'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mDocstring:\u001b[0m\n",
       "Read many branches into arrays (or other objects if provided alternate *interpretations*).\n",
       "\n",
       "Parameters\n",
       "----------\n",
       "branches\n",
       "    - if ``None`` *(default)*, select all *interpretable* branches;\n",
       "    - if a function :py:class:`TBranchMethods <uproot.tree.TBranchMethods>` ⇒ ``None`` or :py:class:`Interpretation <uproot.interp.interp.Interpretation>`, select branches for which the function does not return ``None`` and use the interpretation it returns otherwise;\n",
       "    - if a ``dict`` of str → :py:class:`Interpretation <uproot.interp.interp.Interpretation>`, select branches named by keys and use interpretations from the associated values;\n",
       "    - if a list of str, select branches by name;\n",
       "    - if a single str, select a single branch. The selection by string can include filename-like glob characters (``*``, ``?``, ``[...]``) or it can be a full regular expression (Python flavored) if surrounded by slashes, like ``/pattern/i`` (where ``i`` is an optional `Python re flag <https://docs.python.org/2/library/re.html>`_).\n",
       "\n",
       "outputtype : type\n",
       "    constructor for the desired yield type, such as ``dict`` *(default)*, ``OrderedDict``, ``tuple``, ``namedtuple``, custom user class, etc.\n",
       "\n",
       "namedecode : None or str\n",
       "    if ``None`` *(default)* return names as uninterpreted byte strings (type ``bytes`` in Python 3); if a string like ``\"ascii\"`` or ``\"utf-8\"``, decode bytes to a string using the specified encoding.\n",
       "\n",
       "entrystart : ``None`` or int\n",
       "    entry at which reading starts (inclusive). If ``None`` *(default)*, start at the beginning of the branch.\n",
       "\n",
       "entrystop : ``None`` or int\n",
       "    entry at which reading stops (exclusive). If ``None`` *(default)*, stop at the end of the branch.\n",
       "\n",
       "flatten : None or bool\n",
       "    if ``True``, convert JaggedArrays into flat Numpy arrays. If False *(default)*, make JaggedArrays lists. If None, remove JaggedArrays.\n",
       "\n",
       "flatname : None or (branchname, fieldname, index) → str\n",
       "    if ``None`` *(default)*, use ``uproot._connect._pandas.default_flatname`` to convert a branchname with a subfield and regular index number into a Pandas column name; otherwise, take a user-defined function.\n",
       "\n",
       "awkwardlib : ``None``, str, or module\n",
       "    if ``None`` *(default)*, use ``import awkward`` to get awkward-array constructors. Otherwise, parse the module string name or use the provided module.\n",
       "\n",
       "cache : ``None`` or ``dict``-like object\n",
       "    if not ``None`` *(default)*, fully interpreted arrays will be saved in the ``dict``-like object for later use. Accessing the same arrays with a different interpretation or a different entry range results in a cache miss.\n",
       "\n",
       "basketcache : ``None`` or ``dict``-like object\n",
       "    if not ``None`` *(default)*, raw basket data will be saved in the ``dict``-like object for later use. Accessing the same arrays with a different interpretation or a different entry range fully utilizes this cache, since the interpretation/construction from baskets is performed after retrieving data from this cache.\n",
       "\n",
       "keycache : ``None`` or ``dict``-like object\n",
       "    if not ``None`` *(default)*, basket TKeys will be saved in the ``dict``-like object for later use. TKeys are small, but require file access, so caching them can speed up repeated access.\n",
       "\n",
       "executor : `concurrent.futures.Executor <https://docs.python.org/3/library/concurrent.futures.html>`_\n",
       "    if not ``None`` *(default)*, parallelize basket-reading and decompression by scheduling tasks on the executor. Assumes caches are thread-safe.\n",
       "\n",
       "blocking : bool\n",
       "    if ``True`` *(default)*, do not exit this function until the arrays are read, and return those arrays. If ``False``, exit immediately and return a zero-argument function. That zero-argument function returns the desired array, and it blocks until the array is available. This option is only useful with a non-``None`` executor.\n",
       "\n",
       "Returns\n",
       "-------\n",
       "outputtype of arrays or other objects, depending on *interpretation*\n",
       "    branch data.\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mFile:\u001b[0m      ~/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/uproot-3.6.1-py3.7.egg/uproot/tree.py\n",
       "\u001b[0;31mType:\u001b[0m      method\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The array-fetching functions have a lot of arguments.\n",
    "# Arguments of the same name have the same meaning across all functions.\n",
    "# \n",
    "#     https://uproot.readthedocs.io     (linked from the GitHub page)\n",
    "\n",
    "?tree.arrays"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{b'Int32': array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "        17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "        34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "        51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "        68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "        85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99],\n",
       "       dtype=int32),\n",
       " b'Int64': array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "        17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "        34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "        51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "        68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "        85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]),\n",
       " b'UInt32': array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "        17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "        34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "        51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "        68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "        85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99],\n",
       "       dtype=uint32),\n",
       " b'UInt64': array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "        17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "        34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "        51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "        68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "        85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99],\n",
       "       dtype=uint64)}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# One thing worth knowing: the branch name specifier can take wildcards (like filenames in UNIX).\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.arrays([\"Int*\", \"UInt*\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "KeyError",
     "evalue": "'Int32'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-33-f76667dadf8e>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnames_are_str\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Int32\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnames_are_bytes\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34mb\"Int32\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 9\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mnames_are_bytes\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Int32\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'Int32'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# In Python 3, it can be annoying that the names don't have a specified encoding.\n",
    "# If you know that your branch names conform to ascii, utf-8, latin-1, windows-1251, etc., do it!\n",
    "\n",
    "names_are_str   = tree.arrays([\"Int*\", \"UInt*\"], namedecode=\"utf-8\")\n",
    "names_are_bytes = tree.arrays([\"Int*\", \"UInt*\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "names_are_str[\"Int32\"]\n",
    "names_are_bytes[b\"Int32\"]\n",
    "names_are_bytes[\"Int32\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "        17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "        34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "        51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "        68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "        85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99],\n",
       "       dtype=int32),\n",
       " array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "        17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "        34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "        51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "        68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "        85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The output doesn't need to be a dict at all: specify any container type.\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.arrays([\"Int32\", \"Int64\"], outputtype=tuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Arrays(Int32=array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "       17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "       34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "       51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "       68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "       85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99],\n",
       "      dtype=int32), Int64=array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,\n",
       "       17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,\n",
       "       34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,\n",
       "       51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67,\n",
       "       68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,\n",
       "       85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The output doesn't need to be a dict at all: specify any container type.\n",
    "\n",
    "import collections\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.arrays([\"Int32\", \"Int64\"], outputtype=collections.namedtuple)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Int32</th>\n",
       "      <th>Int64</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>entry</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>70</th>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>71</th>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>72</th>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>73</th>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>74</th>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75</th>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>76</th>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>77</th>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>78</th>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>79</th>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>80</th>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>81</th>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>82</th>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>83</th>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>84</th>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>85</th>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>86</th>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>87</th>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88</th>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91</th>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>92</th>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>93</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>94</th>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 2 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       Int32  Int64\n",
       "entry              \n",
       "0          0      0\n",
       "1          1      1\n",
       "2          2      2\n",
       "3          3      3\n",
       "4          4      4\n",
       "5          5      5\n",
       "6          6      6\n",
       "7          7      7\n",
       "8          8      8\n",
       "9          9      9\n",
       "10        10     10\n",
       "11        11     11\n",
       "12        12     12\n",
       "13        13     13\n",
       "14        14     14\n",
       "15        15     15\n",
       "16        16     16\n",
       "17        17     17\n",
       "18        18     18\n",
       "19        19     19\n",
       "20        20     20\n",
       "21        21     21\n",
       "22        22     22\n",
       "23        23     23\n",
       "24        24     24\n",
       "25        25     25\n",
       "26        26     26\n",
       "27        27     27\n",
       "28        28     28\n",
       "29        29     29\n",
       "...      ...    ...\n",
       "70        70     70\n",
       "71        71     71\n",
       "72        72     72\n",
       "73        73     73\n",
       "74        74     74\n",
       "75        75     75\n",
       "76        76     76\n",
       "77        77     77\n",
       "78        78     78\n",
       "79        79     79\n",
       "80        80     80\n",
       "81        81     81\n",
       "82        82     82\n",
       "83        83     83\n",
       "84        84     84\n",
       "85        85     85\n",
       "86        86     86\n",
       "87        87     87\n",
       "88        88     88\n",
       "89        89     89\n",
       "90        90     90\n",
       "91        91     91\n",
       "92        92     92\n",
       "93        93     93\n",
       "94        94     94\n",
       "95        95     95\n",
       "96        96     96\n",
       "97        97     97\n",
       "98        98     98\n",
       "99        99     99\n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 2 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# The output doesn't need to be a dict at all: specify any container type.\n",
    "\n",
    "import pandas\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.arrays([\"Int32\", \"Int64\"], outputtype=pandas.DataFrame)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Int32</th>\n",
       "      <th>Int64</th>\n",
       "      <th>UInt32</th>\n",
       "      <th>UInt64</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>entry</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>70</th>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>71</th>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>72</th>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>73</th>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>74</th>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75</th>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>76</th>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>77</th>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>78</th>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>79</th>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>80</th>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>81</th>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>82</th>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>83</th>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>84</th>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>85</th>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>86</th>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>87</th>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88</th>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91</th>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>92</th>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>93</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>94</th>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       Int32  Int64  UInt32  UInt64\n",
       "entry                              \n",
       "0          0      0       0       0\n",
       "1          1      1       1       1\n",
       "2          2      2       2       2\n",
       "3          3      3       3       3\n",
       "4          4      4       4       4\n",
       "5          5      5       5       5\n",
       "6          6      6       6       6\n",
       "7          7      7       7       7\n",
       "8          8      8       8       8\n",
       "9          9      9       9       9\n",
       "10        10     10      10      10\n",
       "11        11     11      11      11\n",
       "12        12     12      12      12\n",
       "13        13     13      13      13\n",
       "14        14     14      14      14\n",
       "15        15     15      15      15\n",
       "16        16     16      16      16\n",
       "17        17     17      17      17\n",
       "18        18     18      18      18\n",
       "19        19     19      19      19\n",
       "20        20     20      20      20\n",
       "21        21     21      21      21\n",
       "22        22     22      22      22\n",
       "23        23     23      23      23\n",
       "24        24     24      24      24\n",
       "25        25     25      25      25\n",
       "26        26     26      26      26\n",
       "27        27     27      27      27\n",
       "28        28     28      28      28\n",
       "29        29     29      29      29\n",
       "...      ...    ...     ...     ...\n",
       "70        70     70      70      70\n",
       "71        71     71      71      71\n",
       "72        72     72      72      72\n",
       "73        73     73      73      73\n",
       "74        74     74      74      74\n",
       "75        75     75      75      75\n",
       "76        76     76      76      76\n",
       "77        77     77      77      77\n",
       "78        78     78      78      78\n",
       "79        79     79      79      79\n",
       "80        80     80      80      80\n",
       "81        81     81      81      81\n",
       "82        82     82      82      82\n",
       "83        83     83      83      83\n",
       "84        84     84      84      84\n",
       "85        85     85      85      85\n",
       "86        86     86      86      86\n",
       "87        87     87      87      87\n",
       "88        88     88      88      88\n",
       "89        89     89      89      89\n",
       "90        90     90      90      90\n",
       "91        91     91      91      91\n",
       "92        92     92      92      92\n",
       "93        93     93      93      93\n",
       "94        94     94      94      94\n",
       "95        95     95      95      95\n",
       "96        96     96      96      96\n",
       "97        97     97      97      97\n",
       "98        98     98      98      98\n",
       "99        99     99      99      99\n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 4 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# There's a shortcut for filling Pandas, which also sets a few Pandas-friendly defaults.\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.pandas.df([\"Int*\", \"UInt*\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Int32</th>\n",
       "      <th>Int64</th>\n",
       "      <th>SliceInt32</th>\n",
       "      <th>SliceInt64</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>entry</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[1]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>[2, 2]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[2, 2]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>[3, 3, 3]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[3, 3, 3]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>[4, 4, 4, 4]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[4, 4, 4, 4]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>[5, 5, 5, 5, 5]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[5, 5, 5, 5, 5]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>[6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>[7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>[8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>[9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>[11]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[11]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>[12, 12]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[12, 12]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>[13, 13, 13]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[13, 13, 13]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>[14, 14, 14, 14]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[14, 14, 14, 14]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>[15, 15, 15, 15, 15]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[15, 15, 15, 15, 15]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>[16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>[17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>[18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>[19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>[21]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[21]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>[22, 22]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[22, 22]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>[23, 23, 23]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[23, 23, 23]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>[24, 24, 24, 24]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[24, 24, 24, 24]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>[25, 25, 25, 25, 25]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[25, 25, 25, 25, 25]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>[26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>[27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>[28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>[29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>70</th>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>71</th>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>[71]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[71]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>72</th>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>[72, 72]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[72, 72]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>73</th>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>[73, 73, 73]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[73, 73, 73]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>74</th>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>[74, 74, 74, 74]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[74, 74, 74, 74]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75</th>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>[75, 75, 75, 75, 75]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[75, 75, 75, 75, 75]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>76</th>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>[76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>77</th>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>[77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>78</th>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>[78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>79</th>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>[79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>80</th>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>81</th>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>[81]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[81]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>82</th>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>[82, 82]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[82, 82]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>83</th>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>[83, 83, 83]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[83, 83, 83]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>84</th>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>[84, 84, 84, 84]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[84, 84, 84, 84]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>85</th>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>[85, 85, 85, 85, 85]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[85, 85, 85, 85, 85]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>86</th>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>[86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>87</th>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>[87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88</th>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>[88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>[89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91</th>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>[91]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[91]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>92</th>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>[92, 92]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[92, 92]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>93</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>[93, 93, 93]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[93, 93, 93]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>94</th>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>[94, 94, 94, 94]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[94, 94, 94, 94]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>[95, 95, 95, 95, 95]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[95, 95, 95, 95, 95]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>[96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>[97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>[98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>[99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99]</td>\n",
       "      <td>[99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       Int32  Int64                            SliceInt32  \\\n",
       "entry                                                       \n",
       "0          0      0                                    []   \n",
       "1          1      1                                   [1]   \n",
       "2          2      2                                [2, 2]   \n",
       "3          3      3                             [3, 3, 3]   \n",
       "4          4      4                          [4, 4, 4, 4]   \n",
       "5          5      5                       [5, 5, 5, 5, 5]   \n",
       "6          6      6                    [6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6]   \n",
       "7          7      7                 [7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7]   \n",
       "8          8      8              [8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]   \n",
       "9          9      9           [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9]   \n",
       "10        10     10                                    []   \n",
       "11        11     11                                  [11]   \n",
       "12        12     12                              [12, 12]   \n",
       "13        13     13                          [13, 13, 13]   \n",
       "14        14     14                      [14, 14, 14, 14]   \n",
       "15        15     15                  [15, 15, 15, 15, 15]   \n",
       "16        16     16              [16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16]   \n",
       "17        17     17          [17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17]   \n",
       "18        18     18      [18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18]   \n",
       "19        19     19  [19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19]   \n",
       "20        20     20                                    []   \n",
       "21        21     21                                  [21]   \n",
       "22        22     22                              [22, 22]   \n",
       "23        23     23                          [23, 23, 23]   \n",
       "24        24     24                      [24, 24, 24, 24]   \n",
       "25        25     25                  [25, 25, 25, 25, 25]   \n",
       "26        26     26              [26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26]   \n",
       "27        27     27          [27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27]   \n",
       "28        28     28      [28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28]   \n",
       "29        29     29  [29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29]   \n",
       "...      ...    ...                                   ...   \n",
       "70        70     70                                    []   \n",
       "71        71     71                                  [71]   \n",
       "72        72     72                              [72, 72]   \n",
       "73        73     73                          [73, 73, 73]   \n",
       "74        74     74                      [74, 74, 74, 74]   \n",
       "75        75     75                  [75, 75, 75, 75, 75]   \n",
       "76        76     76              [76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76]   \n",
       "77        77     77          [77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77]   \n",
       "78        78     78      [78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78]   \n",
       "79        79     79  [79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79]   \n",
       "80        80     80                                    []   \n",
       "81        81     81                                  [81]   \n",
       "82        82     82                              [82, 82]   \n",
       "83        83     83                          [83, 83, 83]   \n",
       "84        84     84                      [84, 84, 84, 84]   \n",
       "85        85     85                  [85, 85, 85, 85, 85]   \n",
       "86        86     86              [86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86]   \n",
       "87        87     87          [87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87]   \n",
       "88        88     88      [88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88]   \n",
       "89        89     89  [89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89]   \n",
       "90        90     90                                    []   \n",
       "91        91     91                                  [91]   \n",
       "92        92     92                              [92, 92]   \n",
       "93        93     93                          [93, 93, 93]   \n",
       "94        94     94                      [94, 94, 94, 94]   \n",
       "95        95     95                  [95, 95, 95, 95, 95]   \n",
       "96        96     96              [96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96]   \n",
       "97        97     97          [97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97]   \n",
       "98        98     98      [98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98]   \n",
       "99        99     99  [99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99]   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                 SliceInt64  \n",
       "entry                                        \n",
       "0                                        []  \n",
       "1                                       [1]  \n",
       "2                                    [2, 2]  \n",
       "3                                 [3, 3, 3]  \n",
       "4                              [4, 4, 4, 4]  \n",
       "5                           [5, 5, 5, 5, 5]  \n",
       "6                        [6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6]  \n",
       "7                     [7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7]  \n",
       "8                  [8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]  \n",
       "9               [9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9]  \n",
       "10                                       []  \n",
       "11                                     [11]  \n",
       "12                                 [12, 12]  \n",
       "13                             [13, 13, 13]  \n",
       "14                         [14, 14, 14, 14]  \n",
       "15                     [15, 15, 15, 15, 15]  \n",
       "16                 [16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16]  \n",
       "17             [17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17, 17]  \n",
       "18         [18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18]  \n",
       "19     [19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19, 19]  \n",
       "20                                       []  \n",
       "21                                     [21]  \n",
       "22                                 [22, 22]  \n",
       "23                             [23, 23, 23]  \n",
       "24                         [24, 24, 24, 24]  \n",
       "25                     [25, 25, 25, 25, 25]  \n",
       "26                 [26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26]  \n",
       "27             [27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27]  \n",
       "28         [28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28]  \n",
       "29     [29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29]  \n",
       "...                                     ...  \n",
       "70                                       []  \n",
       "71                                     [71]  \n",
       "72                                 [72, 72]  \n",
       "73                             [73, 73, 73]  \n",
       "74                         [74, 74, 74, 74]  \n",
       "75                     [75, 75, 75, 75, 75]  \n",
       "76                 [76, 76, 76, 76, 76, 76]  \n",
       "77             [77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77, 77]  \n",
       "78         [78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78, 78]  \n",
       "79     [79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79, 79]  \n",
       "80                                       []  \n",
       "81                                     [81]  \n",
       "82                                 [82, 82]  \n",
       "83                             [83, 83, 83]  \n",
       "84                         [84, 84, 84, 84]  \n",
       "85                     [85, 85, 85, 85, 85]  \n",
       "86                 [86, 86, 86, 86, 86, 86]  \n",
       "87             [87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87, 87]  \n",
       "88         [88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88, 88]  \n",
       "89     [89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89, 89]  \n",
       "90                                       []  \n",
       "91                                     [91]  \n",
       "92                                 [92, 92]  \n",
       "93                             [93, 93, 93]  \n",
       "94                         [94, 94, 94, 94]  \n",
       "95                     [95, 95, 95, 95, 95]  \n",
       "96                 [96, 96, 96, 96, 96, 96]  \n",
       "97             [97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97, 97]  \n",
       "98         [98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98, 98]  \n",
       "99     [99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99]  \n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 4 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 38,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# There are three modes for flattening jagged arrays into Pandas DataFrames:\n",
    "# \n",
    "#     * flatten=False: pass them in as they are; literal but not particularly useful\n",
    "#     * flatten=True:  create a two-level MultiIndex to represent subentries in the DataFrame\n",
    "#     * flatten=None:  skip the jagged arrays (useful when selecting many with *)\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.pandas.df([\"Int*\", \"SliceInt*\"], flatten=False)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Int32</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[0]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[1]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[2]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[3]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[4]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[5]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[6]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[7]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[8]</th>\n",
       "      <th>ArrayInt32[9]</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>entry</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
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       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>70</th>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>71</th>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>72</th>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>73</th>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>74</th>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75</th>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>76</th>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>77</th>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>78</th>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "      <td>78</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>79</th>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>80</th>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "      <td>80</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>81</th>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>82</th>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "      <td>82</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>83</th>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "      <td>83</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>84</th>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "      <td>84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>85</th>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>86</th>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "      <td>86</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>87</th>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "      <td>87</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>88</th>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "      <td>88</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>89</th>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "      <td>89</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>91</th>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>92</th>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "      <td>92</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>93</th>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "      <td>93</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>94</th>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>95</th>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "      <td>95</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>96</th>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "      <td>96</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>97</th>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>98</th>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>99</th>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>100 rows × 11 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       Int32  ArrayInt32[0]  ArrayInt32[1]  ArrayInt32[2]  ArrayInt32[3]  \\\n",
       "entry                                                                      \n",
       "0          0              0              0              0              0   \n",
       "1          1              1              1              1              1   \n",
       "2          2              2              2              2              2   \n",
       "3          3              3              3              3              3   \n",
       "4          4              4              4              4              4   \n",
       "5          5              5              5              5              5   \n",
       "6          6              6              6              6              6   \n",
       "7          7              7              7              7              7   \n",
       "8          8              8              8              8              8   \n",
       "9          9              9              9              9              9   \n",
       "10        10             10             10             10             10   \n",
       "11        11             11             11             11             11   \n",
       "12        12             12             12             12             12   \n",
       "13        13             13             13             13             13   \n",
       "14        14             14             14             14             14   \n",
       "15        15             15             15             15             15   \n",
       "16        16             16             16             16             16   \n",
       "17        17             17             17             17             17   \n",
       "18        18             18             18             18             18   \n",
       "19        19             19             19             19             19   \n",
       "20        20             20             20             20             20   \n",
       "21        21             21             21             21             21   \n",
       "22        22             22             22             22             22   \n",
       "23        23             23             23             23             23   \n",
       "24        24             24             24             24             24   \n",
       "25        25             25             25             25             25   \n",
       "26        26             26             26             26             26   \n",
       "27        27             27             27             27             27   \n",
       "28        28             28             28             28             28   \n",
       "29        29             29             29             29             29   \n",
       "...      ...            ...            ...            ...            ...   \n",
       "70        70             70             70             70             70   \n",
       "71        71             71             71             71             71   \n",
       "72        72             72             72             72             72   \n",
       "73        73             73             73             73             73   \n",
       "74        74             74             74             74             74   \n",
       "75        75             75             75             75             75   \n",
       "76        76             76             76             76             76   \n",
       "77        77             77             77             77             77   \n",
       "78        78             78             78             78             78   \n",
       "79        79             79             79             79             79   \n",
       "80        80             80             80             80             80   \n",
       "81        81             81             81             81             81   \n",
       "82        82             82             82             82             82   \n",
       "83        83             83             83             83             83   \n",
       "84        84             84             84             84             84   \n",
       "85        85             85             85             85             85   \n",
       "86        86             86             86             86             86   \n",
       "87        87             87             87             87             87   \n",
       "88        88             88             88             88             88   \n",
       "89        89             89             89             89             89   \n",
       "90        90             90             90             90             90   \n",
       "91        91             91             91             91             91   \n",
       "92        92             92             92             92             92   \n",
       "93        93             93             93             93             93   \n",
       "94        94             94             94             94             94   \n",
       "95        95             95             95             95             95   \n",
       "96        96             96             96             96             96   \n",
       "97        97             97             97             97             97   \n",
       "98        98             98             98             98             98   \n",
       "99        99             99             99             99             99   \n",
       "\n",
       "       ArrayInt32[4]  ArrayInt32[5]  ArrayInt32[6]  ArrayInt32[7]  \\\n",
       "entry                                                               \n",
       "0                  0              0              0              0   \n",
       "1                  1              1              1              1   \n",
       "2                  2              2              2              2   \n",
       "3                  3              3              3              3   \n",
       "4                  4              4              4              4   \n",
       "5                  5              5              5              5   \n",
       "6                  6              6              6              6   \n",
       "7                  7              7              7              7   \n",
       "8                  8              8              8              8   \n",
       "9                  9              9              9              9   \n",
       "10                10             10             10             10   \n",
       "11                11             11             11             11   \n",
       "12                12             12             12             12   \n",
       "13                13             13             13             13   \n",
       "14                14             14             14             14   \n",
       "15                15             15             15             15   \n",
       "16                16             16             16             16   \n",
       "17                17             17             17             17   \n",
       "18                18             18             18             18   \n",
       "19                19             19             19             19   \n",
       "20                20             20             20             20   \n",
       "21                21             21             21             21   \n",
       "22                22             22             22             22   \n",
       "23                23             23             23             23   \n",
       "24                24             24             24             24   \n",
       "25                25             25             25             25   \n",
       "26                26             26             26             26   \n",
       "27                27             27             27             27   \n",
       "28                28             28             28             28   \n",
       "29                29             29             29             29   \n",
       "...              ...            ...            ...            ...   \n",
       "70                70             70             70             70   \n",
       "71                71             71             71             71   \n",
       "72                72             72             72             72   \n",
       "73                73             73             73             73   \n",
       "74                74             74             74             74   \n",
       "75                75             75             75             75   \n",
       "76                76             76             76             76   \n",
       "77                77             77             77             77   \n",
       "78                78             78             78             78   \n",
       "79                79             79             79             79   \n",
       "80                80             80             80             80   \n",
       "81                81             81             81             81   \n",
       "82                82             82             82             82   \n",
       "83                83             83             83             83   \n",
       "84                84             84             84             84   \n",
       "85                85             85             85             85   \n",
       "86                86             86             86             86   \n",
       "87                87             87             87             87   \n",
       "88                88             88             88             88   \n",
       "89                89             89             89             89   \n",
       "90                90             90             90             90   \n",
       "91                91             91             91             91   \n",
       "92                92             92             92             92   \n",
       "93                93             93             93             93   \n",
       "94                94             94             94             94   \n",
       "95                95             95             95             95   \n",
       "96                96             96             96             96   \n",
       "97                97             97             97             97   \n",
       "98                98             98             98             98   \n",
       "99                99             99             99             99   \n",
       "\n",
       "       ArrayInt32[8]  ArrayInt32[9]  \n",
       "entry                                \n",
       "0                  0              0  \n",
       "1                  1              1  \n",
       "2                  2              2  \n",
       "3                  3              3  \n",
       "4                  4              4  \n",
       "5                  5              5  \n",
       "6                  6              6  \n",
       "7                  7              7  \n",
       "8                  8              8  \n",
       "9                  9              9  \n",
       "10                10             10  \n",
       "11                11             11  \n",
       "12                12             12  \n",
       "13                13             13  \n",
       "14                14             14  \n",
       "15                15             15  \n",
       "16                16             16  \n",
       "17                17             17  \n",
       "18                18             18  \n",
       "19                19             19  \n",
       "20                20             20  \n",
       "21                21             21  \n",
       "22                22             22  \n",
       "23                23             23  \n",
       "24                24             24  \n",
       "25                25             25  \n",
       "26                26             26  \n",
       "27                27             27  \n",
       "28                28             28  \n",
       "29                29             29  \n",
       "...              ...            ...  \n",
       "70                70             70  \n",
       "71                71             71  \n",
       "72                72             72  \n",
       "73                73             73  \n",
       "74                74             74  \n",
       "75                75             75  \n",
       "76                76             76  \n",
       "77                77             77  \n",
       "78                78             78  \n",
       "79                79             79  \n",
       "80                80             80  \n",
       "81                81             81  \n",
       "82                82             82  \n",
       "83                83             83  \n",
       "84                84             84  \n",
       "85                85             85  \n",
       "86                86             86  \n",
       "87                87             87  \n",
       "88                88             88  \n",
       "89                89             89  \n",
       "90                90             90  \n",
       "91                91             91  \n",
       "92                92             92  \n",
       "93                93             93  \n",
       "94                94             94  \n",
       "95                95             95  \n",
       "96                96             96  \n",
       "97                97             97  \n",
       "98                98             98  \n",
       "99                99             99  \n",
       "\n",
       "[100 rows x 11 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Fixed-size arrays are always exploded into columns.\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.pandas.df([\"Int32\", \"ArrayInt32\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Int32</th>\n",
       "      <th>Int64</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>entry</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "       Int32  Int64\n",
       "entry              \n",
       "5          5      5\n",
       "6          6      6\n",
       "7          7      7\n",
       "8          8      8\n",
       "9          9      9\n",
       "10        10     10\n",
       "11        11     11\n",
       "12        12     12\n",
       "13        13     13\n",
       "14        14     14"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# If the arrays won't fit into memory, entrystart/entrystop let you specify how much to read.\n",
    "\n",
    "tree.pandas.df(\"Int*\", entrystart=5, entrystop=15)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "b'pt1' len: 500 first5: [44.7322 38.8311 38.8311 38.8311 27.2981]\n",
      "b'pt2' len: 500 first5: [38.8311 44.7322 44.7322 44.7322 21.8913]\n",
      "\n",
      "b'pt1' len: 500 first5: [43.61   43.61   34.2974 46.706  46.706 ]\n",
      "b'pt2' len: 500 first5: [46.9904 46.9904 46.706  34.2974 34.2974]\n",
      "\n",
      "b'pt1' len: 500 first5: [31.4436 31.4436 31.4436 52.1022 40.1649]\n",
      "b'pt2' len: 500 first5: [30.5516 30.5516 30.5516 40.1649 52.1022]\n",
      "\n",
      "b'pt1' len: 500 first5: [83.8721 41.4199 41.4199 41.4199 47.5588]\n",
      "b'pt2' len: 500 first5: [41.4199 83.8721 83.8721 83.8721 47.6458]\n",
      "\n",
      "b'pt1' len: 304 first5: [45.9761 45.9761 45.9761 34.7259 60.6298]\n",
      "b'pt2' len: 304 first5: [33.716  33.716  33.716  60.6298 34.7259]\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# If you have large files or a lot of files, you may need to perform your analysis iteratively\n",
    "# in batches (e.g. to feed to a machine learning library).\n",
    "\n",
    "for arrays in uproot.iterate(\"data/Zmumu*.root\", \"events\", \"pt*\", entrysteps=500):\n",
    "    print(*[f\"{n} len: {len(x)} first5: {x[:5]}\" for n, x in arrays.items()], sep=\"\\n\")\n",
    "    print()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "           pt1      pt2\n",
      "entry                  \n",
      "0      44.7322  38.8311\n",
      "1      38.8311  44.7322\n",
      "2      38.8311  44.7322\n",
      "           pt1      pt2\n",
      "entry                  \n",
      "500    43.6100  46.9904\n",
      "501    43.6100  46.9904\n",
      "502    34.2974  46.7060\n",
      "           pt1      pt2\n",
      "entry                  \n",
      "1000   31.4436  30.5516\n",
      "1001   31.4436  30.5516\n",
      "1002   31.4436  30.5516\n",
      "           pt1      pt2\n",
      "entry                  \n",
      "1500   83.8721  41.4199\n",
      "1501   41.4199  83.8721\n",
      "1502   41.4199  83.8721\n",
      "           pt1     pt2\n",
      "entry                 \n",
      "2000   45.9761  33.716\n",
      "2001   45.9761  33.716\n",
      "2002   45.9761  33.716\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# There's also a function for iterating over DataFrames.\n",
    "\n",
    "for df in uproot.pandas.iterate(\"data/Zmumu*.root\", \"events\", \"pt*\", entrysteps=500):\n",
    "    print(df[:3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<ChunkedArray [44.7322 38.8311 38.8311 ... 32.3997 32.3997 32.3997] at 0x7f4576803048>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A rather different way of dealing with large datasets is to make a lazy array.\n",
    "# A lazy array does not read data until you look at it.\n",
    "\n",
    "array = uproot.lazyarray(\"data/Zmumu*.root\", \"events\", \"pt1\")\n",
    "array"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[False, False, False, False, False]\n",
      "\n",
      "[44.7322 38.8311 38.8311 ... 43.6864 46.9904 43.61]\n",
      "[43.61 43.61 34.2974 ... 37.539 37.539 30.5516]\n",
      "[31.4436 31.4436 31.4436 ... 40.1285 40.1285 40.1285]\n",
      "[83.8721 41.4199 41.4199 ... 73.6439 73.6439 33.716]\n",
      "[45.9761 45.9761 45.9761 ... 32.3997 32.3997 32.3997]\n",
      "\n",
      "[True, True, True, True, True]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# A lazy array is a ChunkedArray: it reads one chunk at a time (same entrysteps as iterate).\n",
    "# A chunk of a lazy array is a VirtualArray: it reads data when you look at it.\n",
    "\n",
    "array = uproot.open(\"data/Zmumu.root\")[\"events\"][\"pt1\"].lazyarray(entrysteps=500)\n",
    "\n",
    "print([x.ismaterialized for x in array.chunks], \"\\n\", sep=\"\")\n",
    "\n",
    "for chunk in array.chunks:\n",
    "    print(chunk)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"\\n\", [x.ismaterialized for x in array.chunks], sep=\"\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<ChunkedArray [-1.2176876596373256 -1.0513871038857279 -1.0513871038857279 -1.0513769369783923 -0.9906823248040668 1.4443295806046543 1.4443295806046543 ...] at 0x7f4574ef8198>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import numpy\n",
    "\n",
    "arrays = uproot.lazyarrays(\"data/Zmumu*.root\", \"events\", [\"E*\", \"pz*\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "# Just as with JaggedArrays, you can perform calculations through ChunkedArrays.\n",
    "\n",
    "eta1 = numpy.log((arrays[\"E1\"] + arrays[\"pz1\"]) / (arrays[\"E1\"] - arrays[\"pz1\"]))/2\n",
    "eta1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                           0                                               31599\n",
      "                           +---------------------------------------------------+\n",
      "[-inf, -4.1874)      0     |                                                   |\n",
      "[-4.1874, -3.3439)   39    |                                                   |\n",
      "[-3.3439, -2.5004)   508   |*                                                  |\n",
      "[-2.5004, -1.6569)   4351  |*******                                            |\n",
      "[-1.6569, -0.81344)  15887 |**************************                         |\n",
      "[-0.81344, 0.030063) 30094 |*************************************************  |\n",
      "[0.030063, 0.87356)  29926 |************************************************   |\n",
      "[0.87356, 1.7171)    14865 |************************                           |\n",
      "[1.7171, 2.5606)     3787  |******                                             |\n",
      "[2.5606, 3.4041)     503   |*                                                  |\n",
      "[3.4041, 4.2476)     40    |                                                   |\n",
      "[4.2476, inf]        0     |                                                   |\n",
      "                           +---------------------------------------------------+\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Writing histograms\n",
    "\n",
    "import numpy\n",
    "\n",
    "writable_file = uproot.recreate(\"tmp.root\", compression=uproot.ZLIB(4))\n",
    "writable_file[\"hist1d\"] = numpy.histogram(numpy.random.normal(0, 1, 100000))\n",
    "writable_file[\"hist1d\"].show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAlQAAAEuCAIAAADHqxtEAAAABmJLR0QAAAAAAAD5Q7t/AAAT2klEQVR4nO3dTXbqSLYGUOmtGlT1FEwms1szkMgRVLfuYC7SyPQapxylxBhjhEBB7N3wAjnAAbb1Eb9q53luAKAm//fqCgDAswk/AKoj/ACojvADoDrCD4DqCD8AqiP8AKiO8AOgOsIPgOoIPwCqI/wAqI7wA6A6wg+A6gg/AKoj/ACojvADoDrCD4DqCD8AqvOPV1cAoBZt2766CrWY5/l6AeEH8DzfnpRZ75YPGbo9AWjGcXzyA19L+AFUZxzHYRiWR87uht+/f//+/TvfvdiiuvjA/RN+AJUaxzG325YZlg9O0/TXX3/Fkc/Jt3x4cYz5AdToeDw2Hzk3juPhcJjneRiGcRxTSnF3mqYonFKa53mZf23b9n0/jmMuU5bW6CvAc7TtXk650e0ZyRe1iq8ppZRSbgX+/v17mqaIyWZR/ygQX/fzorJbqqTbE6BGKaXPB3McXvzutw8viPAD4L+GYRiGIZpN18fzCp3nkgk/AP4nmn3TNEXb7q+//lpO+AzDMESBctt/u+urBXhXOxweuyjmvDyq2PPd8j6X8ZtYsj8QUK7iTrkluiX8ilzq4K8HKFHbtj6+70SR4QdQKJ/dn+CWTxjCD+CVziZV3jiKttvxtlIUOduzveTVlQK4x+FwGBculvmcc2WtNEgp5ZcWO6W1bZtfQkppeRr/XGAYhjiSnySmpK6K/7k0JdYZYP7i9PXVOe10Op1Op1wm344by7v59rLAfkTWLF/L8sbpdOq6bnmj67ooHDe+LXDxJ35bqyJbfgBvLNo0sd9m3oSs+WgARXvocDjEkWg45lZR3Fg2kl4uUurz8a7rorEbDbhYXNg0TV5iGG/CtwXuq5UxP4AXW3bfxdk8NtiMk/vyRB+BkQsfj8do6OQY6Loudml5Xu1/Il5C3M7Zdndtl9uQ/pTwA3ixz82Xr0azPh/PR9JC0zSRnY+r42Pk1luz2Fz77sk7a1q3W3V7fjs+eXuB3X6EAXi53HjKzcS4u/8z59kGactGYT6Se4CXx5fN37sDfpPwi19GDCrGLyCldDqd8oWjmo/W+jzPuec6Lg2Vm7G5QL6aBsBbWk5c/6o1czHMTqdTNBsOh0PEQNzId3eo7/uItIi65RUE4zXmF9V8NGebjxmhp9Op+RjpzDF/Zz1+NmvnNn3f931/NlXp7FsxaSd/K0/aiW8tC5zN59moznC7pvnPq6tAkdacvq7M4dz5bM9b3FHnKw+55X3easzv7BrB+Xhu2OVPJdGAzbN3bnH7qr7ZZgq8u7b9Nc9/vLoWbO7KGfLsW7tt811xR51Xvsytwq/v+3yR3+Xx3Ieb26o/ir0g0gBYY5Mxvyvjkzn88oSfbwvckY4AcMUmLb/lgsS+75uP8ckY3ozvdl0XN6JArMrsum6apmjYxaBoLgDwls4m+ud1fi+qTjV+Osa4xrdDmreMeT65zvDZria87KoyXPf59BXTF8/m9OXpfkXrPpwdz+2Z5YzIzyW7ruv7fnmkWUycjGf46o26JSaeur3Zt59lfNgBKpTnQJwNGH3e6np59/OMwv1Yrjs8W43w7Tq3OHg2NLZMh/wMzYoNvu3tCfBKMdwTtyMJ4naEQQwJNR9jQ8uQyGvddrWTZzjblW15/OJK9rOS4zguB7zO1uxHcznc3WSyvRnAi+WmzzRNeSfrPAEibwD2ua2zzz3MwnLyRz64HOD8ap3b2er1z/t/po/925q97fCyNdfzA95JbuTl5k6e9pJP7hf3+tpt8jWLXtllU29Z/4sz+SPS8p6f4zhGAzcfbz4awc26Lt8iW36zdX7AG8ltvuX1XZuPk3s079LHdR72v2ln8xFyaXFVinz84jq35QDhciwzpZQ7OY/HY/rYwm19ChQZfgBvpu/7OLnn1kxe7hXO9gbZeQTGlQmiV3P+uOhShPe369xyf2k81dmbMH5ctjCO5A1VfqotrhXVtuXVmTezqx3FdlUZrrvj9DXee7mfPbi98o99mbe8z+UFifDj5XaVN7uqDNc5fT3HLe9zkRNeAGAN4QdAdYqc8HJxYYPOBKBQeSXf7eNeeV5MuSOCr1Vky++rzdwAitO2bd6xJa9jO1vBdrbFSax+i6Xf+eElutiSSSktV2/HdNDlkVygunV+AO8h1oAv1/M1f7+ww1fn967rcuYt828s5KIQkd8XjzdNM89zXvyXV/UtPwHEkTUTiIps+QG8h7y8Pe7m9d05w2LR9/F4vPIky4uHR3Pw7Fri6dM1Vl8u79Z2ZrnVZyyHX+7kmR+7vgJafgCvNM9z9F42TXM6nZYjf8vtPb99ntgUO8feMAx585SCLgl+to1ns9jJ8+KGZ3fT8gN4sWEY5nk+nU7LnsDlrpjXoyu3lmKPmNhFpfkIjOWVIorwOemXO3nGhmefM/KnhB/Ayyx3NjlLuOU2mFdafuPiwgjR1Fv2HB6Px/U58UzLjbwjwmNg78pFHu4j/ABeJs71bdvGDMZoouUhur7v41ufHzhNU8x4PBwOMSqWL/GznEJ5dvG8PYtqR2s1pZTnvjaLK/nEnKBo4OYXfuePK26RwFdXLyruhVCuXe0otqvKcN2V2Ylnm1vevddl0XuBZt++iusF7O0Jm9hV3uyqMlzn9PUct7zPZnsCPI8rb++E8AN4kndt9pXYojXhBYDqCD8AqiP8AKiO8AOgOkVOeHE9PwDWKDL85BwAa+j2BKA6wg+A6mwVfnkf0rz9WtzOd+P6Vcvr0H9VoKD9yAEowlbL8s8uHBwXHoxsixt5R4Dl5SryBYgj+S5eqL7ErQR4M7vaTnNXlaFOJZ6WN2n5RezlJGuaJl9uKkJxeZHG/JCvCsQVqraoJwB12nDML1+n6uzg8lqLzUe25XS8RXuzB74cAN7GJuEXCRc9nGffiuPLTtEfxV6Yb/aAFwPA29kk/OJSvMsjuesyh980TTcWuCMdAeCKTRa5x3SVruumaer7Po4cDocYxosk67oubkSBcRzzQ6LF1vf9sgAAPMqGU3Q+X2Z+5ZXpQ4nTingzu5pguavKUKcST8sF1rjAd5k3s6u82VVlqFOJp2U7vABQHeEHQHWKvKqDSxoBsEaR4SfnAFhDtycA1RF+AFRH+AFQHeEHQHWEHwDVKXK2p6UOAKxRZPjJOQDW0O0JQHWEHwDVEX4AVEf4AVAd4QdAdYQfANUpcqmDdX4ArFFk+Mk5ANbQ7QlAdYQfANURfgBUR/gBUB3hB0B1hB8A1SlyqYN1fgCsUWT4yTkA1tDtCUB1hB8A1dk2/JaDc23bppRSSnF3GIa2bdu2HcfxeoFhGDatJAC12TD8cozF7dPpFDkXX4/H4zzP8zwfDoemaYZh6Pt+HMeUUqRdLnA8HrerJAAV2ir8hmFIKXVdF3enaYosTCmN4ziOY/5WiNi7WKDrutw6BID1tprtGQG2bPyF3LDL34psy+l4i4tLHS4yLxSAzzZp+UWMDcPwOdIiEaN5F0d+FHthvtkjXg0A72aT8BuGIbo9m48gzF2XOfymaVo+5EqBO9IRAK5oN20e5RbeOI6HwyGG8eJIzrPcEdq2bdd10zRFlYZhyCWXEz7bdts6w7fa9tc8//HqWvzXripDnUo8LT+1xhdHAX9UoCnzXebN7CpvdlUZ6lTiafmpi9y/DTbdmwA8gR1eAKiO8AOgOkVe1cEljQBYo8jwk3MArKHbE4DqCD8AqiP8AKiO8AOgOsIPgOoIPwCqU+RSB+v8AFijyPCTcwCsodsTgOoIPwCqI/wAqI7wA6A6wg+A6hQ529NSBwDWKDL85BwAa+j2BKA6wg+A6gg/AKoj/ACojvADoDrCD4DqFLnUwTo/ANYosuU3X/LqSrGhtv316ioAb6XI8AOANYQfANURfgBUZ6vwSymllNq2HccxjrRtGwfj7jAMbdveUmAYho0qCUCdNgm/YRhSSuM4nk6nw+HQNE1K6XQ6Rc7F1+PxGBNVosAwDH3fj+OYUoq0ywWOx+MWlQSgWpssdVi21bqua5pmmqZo0kUo5uPZOI7xqAi/cRxzga7rIhS3qCpVedys0T8vLbe5xzz/8ZgnAn5iw3V+KaVpmk6n09nBHHJxJLItp+MtLq7zu8gSCJYelTRt+5inattfj8hjSQw/tmH4RQuvbdtlAkUbLkdgs2gU3k6k8R4elKD7Cq22/bWr+sBFW435nc1SieZdswi/aZpuLHBHOgLAFVuN+cU0zmma+r6PI4fDIYbxIsm6rosbUWAcx7Ztu66bpikadn3fLwsAwKNs1e05z/NylkpK6exIXuHw1UOscABgIxsucv/cV/lt76XuTQCewA4vAFTHJY0AqE6R4SfnAFhDtycA1RF+AFRH+AFQHeEHQHWEHwDVEX4AVKfIpQ7W+QGwRpHhJ+cAWEO3JwDVEX4AVEf4AVAd4QdAdYQfANURfgBUp8ilDtb5AbBGkeEn5wBYQ7cnANURfgBUR/gBUB3hB0B1hB8A1SlytqelDgCsUWT4yTkA1tDtCUB1hB8A1RF+AFRnq/BLKbVt27btMAxxpG3blFJKKe4OwxAFxnG8XiA/AwA8xCbhF3k2z/M8z8fjsWmalNLpdIrj8fV4PEaBw+HQNM0wDH3fj+OYUoq0ywXiGQDgUbZq+eX2XJimKZp0KaVxHMdx7LrurPxXBbquO3s2AFhjk/CLGIs8O51OZ9+KbMvdm5FtOR1v0d7sgS8KgLex1Tq/YRjGcRyG4SzSIvZy32azaBTezjo/ANbYaszvYvOuWYTfNE3Lh1wpcEc6AsAVm7T8hmGYpin3Os7zPAzD4XCIYbxIsq7r4kbf903TjOPYtm3XddM0RcOu7/tlAQB4lPaZXYjLtuB9BZqmadun1pk9aNtf8/zHq2vxP7uqz64q0+yvPjxBiaflpy5y/zbYdG8C8AR2eAGgOkVe1cEljQBYo8jwk3MArKHbE4DqCD8AqiP8AKiO8AOgOsIPgOoIPwCqU+RSB+v8AFijyPCTc6Vo218PeqY/H3VxRttOAk2h4UcpHpU0bSu0gEcy5gdAdbT8gKbRR01lhB/QNPqoqYxuTwCqI/wAqE6R3Z7W+QGwRpHhJ+cAWEO3JwDVEX4AVEf4AVAd4QdAdYQfANUpcranpQ4ArFFk+Mk5ANbQ7QlAdYQfANURfgBUZ8PwG4ZhGIZ8t23blFJKKX+3bdu2bcdxvF5g+SQAsN5W4ZdSOh6Py7un0ylyLr4ej8d5nud5PhwOTdMMw9D3/TiOKaVIu1xg+TwAsN5W4TeOY9/3+e40TdGkSymN4ziOY9d1Z+W/KtB1XW4dAsB6z17qkBt2uXszsi2n4y0urvO7yKIIAD579oSXaOFF8y6O/Cj2wnyzh9cfgDfwpPDLXZc5/KZpurHAHekIAFc8qdtzGIbD4RDDeJFkXdfFjRgaHMexbduu66ZpihZb3/fLAgDwKO0z+wbzrJa7CzRN07ZPrTN70La/5vmPV9fif3ZVn11VptlffXiCEk/LTx3z+zbYdG/uRNv+enUVADZkhxcAqiP8AKhOkZc0cj0/ANYosuVnSR9wIwPYXFRk+AHAGsIPgOoIPwCqI/wAqI7wA6A6ljoAUJ0iw0/OAbCGbk8AqiP8AKiO8AOgOsIPgOoIPwCqU+RsT77yuD18/7y0nOQeLuoN7FCR4Wed31celTRtK7SAd1Zk+Mk5eHu6MdhUkeEHvD3dGGzKhBcAqiP8AKiO8AOgOsIPgOoIPwCqU2T4tZcsv/vCut2ulHo25VS1lHo25VS1lHo25VS1lHo2RVX1DkUudbDOD4A1imz5AcAawm8vHrefBbBT/s33Y7/hl1KKwbxxHB/7zN92ZN/S0/2QJ3nCTymlno96kif8lFLq+agnecJPechrWf8M3tKfKnpQcKdjfhF48zyP4zgMw8Pz74GufJT79lPe3wtc3oHwh09iJyfYRP5H++m/5N/9ecsz3FiGNdp9Th4ZhiF/bdu/VfLs7mdPKLDFT2nbX59z61Uv9qwyL39Loz77+cU1zX+ufMh48t/Pxb+ch/+U28t8rs9rf3G5Pnv4+2nbX03z5/NPL1v/lFt+3N7stMbXw+9FlQLgsn1GyRU77fa8ori3GIC92emEl5TSnsf5ACjafsOv+ZjweTqd7niG/feOppTiBe4/5vPM2+iI3rlhGPZcz+2mMW9h529mKOXvs6B/+bD/s+gaOw2/pmnGcRzHcZ7nCMIfueMhTzYMQ7RuT6fT4XB4dXWuyTNv53k+Ho+vrs43Ukp7rmR+M0+n087P1M3u38xQyt9nQf/yYf9n0ZXKG/P7VvyRvboW31ie+Lque11FblLKB9WmaWJtzKtr8aVxHHOvxjRNr67ON3b+ZmZF/H2W9S9fxFl0pTcMv2gyFvGbizPgff26TxPvZJwHd15VKlTW32cR//JNUWfRuxUffv/617+Wd//5z382TTMMwzRNu5o1c/YJOnr/o3p7WyLzuarxn7DDD4MX39XXVIXXiX0wdvj3+dk+/+XPxNu4w7PoYxUffv/+97+Xd3NHzfF43NV/wtlpOv+7vqY2V53Vavzwmtpctc838IqUUnF13rk9/30uLdcu71yu5N7Oog82v6mu615dhW80H13/fd+/ui7XnI1PvLo63+v7fs9vadd18ZaeTqdX1+V7O38z56L+Pkv5l8/2fxZdY9et77f39r3qwJJ/+f0QfgBUZ7/r/ABgI8IPgOoIPwCqI/wAqI7wA6A6wg+A6gg/AKoj/ACojvADoDrCD4DqCD8AqiP8AKiO8AOgOsIPgOoIPwCqI/wAqI7wA6A6wg+A6gg/AKrz/0+FbiuEoD8GAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "canvas = ROOT.TCanvas(\"canvas\", \"\", 600, 330)\n",
    "file = ROOT.TFile(\"tmp.root\")\n",
    "hist = file.Get(\"hist1d\")\n",
    "hist.Draw()\n",
    "canvas.Draw()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<IPython.core.display.Image object>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "writable_file[\"hist2d\"] = numpy.histogram2d(numpy.random.normal(0, 1, 100000),\n",
    "                                            numpy.random.normal(0, 1, 100000))\n",
    "file = ROOT.TFile(\"tmp.root\")\n",
    "hist = file.Get(\"hist2d\")\n",
    "hist.Draw()\n",
    "canvas.Draw()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<br><br><br><br><br>\n",
    "\n",
    "<center><b>Next up: advanced uproot!</b></center>\n",
    "\n",
    "<br><br><br><br><br>"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
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