Week-13-Day-2_NB_Review-and-Using-Libraries.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "N4H_rfG4QY6w"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Review: key concept of the path for files, debugging"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "hftdKWaHQdHa"
   },
   "source": [
    "General: the file exists in a location in \"the real world\". The path gives directions to where that file exists, assuming you are starting from \"the top\". \n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "rCfL6bPrWggD"
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'code,title,description,prereqs,credits,prereq_type,area\\nAMST101 , Introduction American Studies ,\" Introduces students to the interdisciplinary field of American Studies by examining concepts such as culture, identity, cultural practices, and globalization, as well as theories underlying these concepts. Engages key themes, especially constructions of difference and identity, cultures of everyday life, and America and the world. \", None ,3,None,AMST\\nAMST298C , Introduction to Asian American Studies ,\" The aggregate experience of Asian Pacific Americans, from developments in the countries of origin to their contemporary issues. The histories of Asian Pacific American groups as well as culture, politics, the media, and stereotypes, viewed from an interdisciplinary perspective. \", None ,3,None,AMST\\nAMST340 ,\" Introduction to History, Theories and Methods in American Studies \",\" Introduction to the process of interdisciplinary research, including research literatures, questions, first-hand sources and library and analytic methods in American Studies. Each student will craft a prospectus for original research. \", Must have completed AMST201; and 2 courses in AMST.  ,3,Hard,AMST\\nAMST418N , Asian American Public Policy ,  , None ,3,None,AMST\\nAMST450 , Seminar in American Studies ,\" Developments in theories and methods of American Studies scholarship, with emphasis upon interaction between the humanities and the social sciences in the process of cultural analysis and evaluation. \", AMST201 and AMST340; and 1 course in AMST.   ,3,Hard,AMST\\nAMST498J , Asian American Politics ,\" Students will gain a greater understanding of 1)the role of Asian Americans in US politics, 2) the political attitudes and behaviors of Asian Americans and 3)how to conduct research on Asian American politics. Though the class will concentrate on Asian Americans, issues related to Asian American politics will be examined within the larger context of America\\'s multicultural political landscape. \", None ,3,None,AMST\\nAMST603 , Current Approaches to American Studies ,\" Builds on AMST601 and explores contemporary literature, theory, and intellectual issues in American Studies. \", None ,3,None,AMST\\nAMST856 , Museum Research Seminar , A research seminar focusing on the practice and presentation of cultural  and historical scholarship in museums and historical sites. Students will complete an original research project on the challenges and opportunities of public exhibition and interpretation of cultural and historical research. ,\" AMST655, ANTH655, or HIST610.   \",3,Flexible,AMST\\nAMST857 , Museum Scholarship Practicum ,\" Students devise and carry out a research program using the collections at the Smithsonian Institution or some other cooperating museum, working under joint supervision of a museum professional and a university faculty member. \",\" AMST856, ANTH856, or HIST810.   \",3,Flexible,AMST\\nBMGT190H , Introduction to Design and Quality ,\" QUEST students learn and apply design practices to design new products and services. Working in multidisciplinary teams, students use quality and process improvement methods to identify, analyze, and recommend solutions to real-world problems. \", None ,4,None,BMGT\\nBMGT210 , Foundations of Accounting for Non Business Majors ,\" Provides an understanding of the common statements that report a company\\'s profitability and financial health, and are useful to all economic agents who are engaged with the firm.  Students will also recognize and understand managerial accounting as a system for accumulating and modeling information to support decision-making. \", None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT302 , Designing Applications for Business Analytics ,\" Provides an introduction to structured programming with business applications. Programming logic and data structures are introduced. The course especially emphasizes hands-on exercises using Excel macros and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), and covers business functions and analytics. \", BMGT301; or permission of BMGT-Robert H. Smith School of Business.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT310 , Intermediate Accounting I , Comprehensive analysis of financial accounting topics related to financial statement preparation and external reporting. , BMGT221. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT311 , Intermediate Accounting II , Continuation of BMGT310. , BMGT310. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT321 , Managerial Accounting ,\" A study of the basic concepts of product costing and cost analysis for management planning and control. Emphasis is placed on the role of the accountant in organizational management, analysis of cost behavior, standard cost budgeting, responsibility accounting and relevant costs for decision-making. \", BMGT221. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT323 , Taxation of Individuals ,\" Federal taxation of individuals focusing on income, exclusions, deductions, depreciation, credits and capital transactions. Property coverage includes the tax consequences of sales and dispositions of investment and business assets. Both tax planning and compliance issues are covered. \", BMGT221. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT326 , Accounting Systems , A study of accounting systems and computer and communications technology. , BMGT221; and (BMGT201 or BMGT301). ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT332 , Quantitative Models for Management Decisions ,\" The aim of this course is to introduce management science techniques for informed decision-making that can be applied in spreadsheet models to assist in the decision-analysis process. Models include Linear Programming, Transportation and Assignment problems, network flow models, Integer and non-linear programming, Simulation and Decision Trees. \", BMGT231 or BMGT230; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT343 , Investments ,\" An introduction to financial investments. Topics include: securities and securities markets; investment risks, returns and constraints; portfolio policies; and institutional investment policies. \", BMGT340.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT345 , Foundations of Financial Management for Non Business Majors ,\" Provides students an overview of financial management.  Students will understand how a business allocates financial resources in an uncertain environment to maximize shareholder value.  In addition students will learn the following: how to apply accounting principles to corporate finance; how to value assets, projects, companies and investment securities; understand the relationship between risk and return and how it impacts investment and corporate decisions; how to calculate a company\\'s cost of capital, and develop an intuitive comprehension of financial concepts and analysis. \", BMGT210 or BMGT220.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT362 , Negotiations ,\" By using a variety of assessment tools, feedback sources, skill-building exercises, and exercise debriefings, this experiential course is designed to enhance students\\' negotiating self-confidence and improve students\\' analytical skills, interpersonal skills, creativity and persuasive abilities. \", None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT365 , Entrepreneurial Finance and Private Equity ,\" Studies venture capital and private equity using a combination of cases, lectures and guest speakers. Addresses how venture capitalists provide capital to start-up firms in growing industries and how private equity markets provide capital to help established medium-sized firms (often family businesses) grow and restructure. Focuses on how financial, legal, and economic issues are dealt with in the financial contracts between venture capitalists and their limited partners and between capitalists (or other private equity investors) and the firms in which they invest. \", BMGT461 or BMGT361.  ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT366 , Growth Strategies for Emerging Companies ,\" Offers practical management tools that are needed to build a new venture into a significant enterprise. The competencies, strategies and structures of successful high performance businesses are studied through cases, videos and guest lecturers. Topics include leadership, internal growth strategies, merger, acquisition and franchising. \", BMGT461 or BMGT361.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT382 , Marketing and Innovation for Entrepreneurs ,\" Marketing and Innovation are two critically important activities that determine success in any business venture. This course will focus on understanding the fundamentals of marketing and innovation from the perspective of an entrepreneur. At a broad level, we will apply proven marketing frameworks (STP and 4Ps) to effectively deliver innovation in an entrepreneurial context. \", None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT385 , Operations Management ,\" Studies the design, management and improvement of a firm\\'s processes and systems for creation and delivery of products and services. Includes strategic and operational views of supply chain, product development, and capacity analysis, highlighting the competitive advantages that operations management can provide the firm. \", None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT392 , Introduction to International Business Management ,\" A study of the domestic and foreign environmental factors affecting the international operations of U.S. business firms. The course also covers the administrative aspects of international marketing, finance and management. \", ECON200. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT397 , Mentoring Multidisciplinary Teams ,\" QUEST students practice essential skills for mentoring and coaching multidisciplinary teams. These include effective communications, facilitation, conflict resolution, and the ability to motivate. Students will practice these skills as mentors for student teams from BMGT/ENES 190H. In the process, they will strengthen their knowledge of design and quality techniques. \", None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT403 , Systems Analysis and Design ,\" Techniques and tools applicable to the analysis and design of computer-based information systems. System life cycle, requirements analysis, logical design of databases and performance evaluation. Emphasis on case studies. Project required that involves the design, analysis and implementation of an information system. \", BMGT301; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT404 , Essential Data Skills for Business Analytics ,\" Understand the principles of data science and business analytics to collect, analyze and visualize business data. Students will learn the use of industry standard software with applications in finance, accounting, marketing and operations. \", BMGT301. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT407 , Information Systems Projects , Senior capstone course for the decision and information sciences major. Collected knowledge from the DIS courses and application to significant problems of size and complexity. State-of-the-art research ideas and current business and industrial practices in information systems. , BMGT402 and BMGT403.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT410 , Government Accounting ,\" An introduction to the theory and practice of accounting and financial reporting as applied in both federal and state/local governments, with a focus on generally accepted accounting principles applicable in each. Topics include analyzing transactions; recognizing transactions in the accounting cycles; and preparing and analyzing financial statements and the overall financial reports at both the federal and state/local government levels. \", BMGT221. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT411 , Ethics and Professionalism in Accounting , Analysis and discussion of issues relating to ethics and professionalism in accounting. , BMGT311.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT417 ,\" Taxation of Corporations, Partnerships and Estates \",\" Federal taxation of corporations using the life-cycle approach-formation, operation, assessment, merger, reorganization and liquidation. Overviews of pass-through entities - partnerships and s-corporations -using the life-cycle approach, and the tax consequences of wealth transfers by individuals - gift and estate taxation. Both tax planning and compliance issues are addressed. \", BMGT221. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT422 , Auditing Theory and Practice ,\" A study of the independent accountant\\'s attest function, generally accepted auditing standards, compliance and substantive tests and report forms and opinions. \", BMGT310; and must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in BMGT311. ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT424 , Advanced Accounting , Advanced accounting theory applied to specialized topics and current problems. Emphasis on consolidated statements and partnership accounting. , BMGT311. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT430 , Data Modeling in Business ,\" Explores the role of statistical models in business analytics to drive managerial decision-making and improve performance through the use of relevant data-motivated examples.  Topics include regression models (both simple and multiple regression, as well as logistic regression for binary data), model validation, variable transformation, variable selection, discriminant analysis, and forecasting.  These topics are modeled using state-of-the-art data analytics software. \", BMGT231 or BMGT230; or permission of BMGT-Robert H. Smith School of Business. ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT431 , Data Analytics ,\" An introduction to the tools and techniques that are central to the analysis of abundant data that is being collected in many forms including web traffic, social network data, and reviews and comments on websites. \", BMGT430. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT434 , Analytics Consulting: Cases and Projects ,\" This course assumes that students have already been introduced to the concepts and techniques of operations research/business analytics (OR/BA). Published papers, short cases, and projects in OR/BA will be analyzed and discussed in a thoughtful way, taking into account the soft (people-related) issues and the hard (mathematical/optimization) issues. \", BMGT332; and (MATH120 or MATH140; or must have completed MATH220). Or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT435 , Business Process Simulation ,\" Develop and plan simulation studies, build simulation models with special purpose software, analyze and interpret the results. Extensive use of applications and real-world examples. The emphasis is on model formulation and the interpretation of results, rather than mathematical theory. \", BMGT231 or BMGT230; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT441 , Fixed Income , Describes important financial instruments which have market values that are sensitive to interest rate movements. Develops tools to analyze interest rate sensitivity and value fixed income securities. Defines and explains the vocabulary of the bond management business. , BMGT340.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT442F , Advanced Portfolio Management , An in-depth coverage of statistical methods for choosing stocks is provided. Financial markets data is used in the class.  Students are also expected to learn and use Matlab during the class to implement the concepts of the class. , BMGT343.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT443 , Applied Equity Analysis and Portfolio Management ,\" Study and application of the concepts, methods, models, and empirical findings to the analysis, valuation and selection of securities, especially common stock. \", BMGT343. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT444 , Futures and Options Contracts ,\" The institutional features and economic rationale underlying markets in futures and options. Hedging, speculation, structure of futures prices, interest rate futures, efficiency in futures markets and stock and commodity options. \", BMGT343.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT445 , Banking and Financial Institutions ,\" Analysis and discussion of cases and readings in commercial bank management. The loan function is emphasized; also the management of liquidity reserves, investments for income and source of funds. Bank objectives, functions, policies, organization, structure, services and regulation are considered. \", BMGT340.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT446 , International Finance ,\" Financial management from the perspective of the multinational corporation. Topics covered include the organization and functions of foreign exchange and international capital markets, international capital budgeting, financing foreign trade and designing a global financing strategy. Emphasis of the course is on how to manage exchange and political risks while maximizing benefits from global opportunity sets faced by the firm. \", BMGT340. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT450 , Integrated Marketing Communications ,\" In-depth study of coordinated marketing activities including advertising, sales promotion, Internet marketing, direct marketing and personal selling. Emphasizes strategic planning to effectively use these  promotional tools to communicate with customers and meet marketing goals. Blends theory and current practice to provide managerial orientation. \", BMGT350.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT451 , Consumer Analysis ,\" Identifying buyer behavior concepts relevant to a specific marketing problem so that appropriate marketing decisions can be made. Conceptual frameworks are drawn from psychology, sociology, economics, and other social sciences to aid in understanding the behavior of ultimate and industrial buyers. \", BMGT350.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT452 , Marketing Research Methods ,\" Focuses on aiding marketing decision-making through exploratory, descriptive and casual research. Develops student skills in designing market research studies, including selection of data collection method, development of data collection instrument, sample design, collection and statistical analysis of data and reporting the results. \", BMGT350 and BMGT230. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT454 , Global Marketing ,\" Marketing functions from the global executive\\'s viewpoint, including coverage of global marketing policies relating to product adaptation, data collection and analysis, channels of distribution, pricing, communications and cost analysis. Consideration is given to the cultural, legal, financial and organizational aspects of global marketing. \", BMGT350. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT455 , Sales Management ,\" The roles of the sales executive as a planner, manager of resources and marketing functions and recruiter, trainer, motivator and leader of field sales personnel. Techniques and sequence of problem analysis for selling and sales management decisions and to the practical framework in which these decisions take place. Teaching vehicles feature strong classroom interactions, cases, journal articles, research findings, guest sales managers, debates, and modern company practices. \", BMGT350. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT457 , Marketing Policies and Strategies , This capstone course ties together various marketing concepts using the fundamentals of strategic market planning as the framework. Application of these principles is accomplished by analyzing and discussing cases and by playing a marketing strategy computer simulation game. Analysis of current business articles to understand the link between theory and real-world problem solving. , BMGT350. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT463 , Cross-cultural Challenges in Business , Examines in depth the nature of international cultural value-differences and their behavioral-related effects in the workplace. Topics include decision-making and leadership styles and reactions to various work assignments and reward structures. , None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT466 , Global Business Strategy ,\" Focuses on the strategic challenges that directly result from and are associated with the globalization of industries and companies. Topics include drivers of industry globalization, difference between global and multi-domestic industry, global expansion strategies, sources of competitive advantage in a global context, and coordination of a company across a global network. \", None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT467 , Strategic Innovation and Entrepreneurship ,\" Provides an understanding of how innovation affects the competitive dynamics of markets, how firms can strategically manage innovation, and how firms can create and implement strategies to maximize their likelihood of success. \", None ,3,None,BMGT\\nBMGT472 , Purchasing and Inbound Logistics ,\" Analysis of the resupply activities of logistics management, including purchasing policies, transportation planning, and inventory control. Attention is directed toward total cost minimization and the establishment of a sustainable competitive advantage based on procurement. \", BMGT372. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT476 , Technology Applications in Supply Chain Management , An understanding of the role of technology in managing the supply chain. Provides students with hands-on experience in advanced software systems that build on top of enterprise resource planning systems. Major emphasis is placed on demonstrating that these systems result in supply chain cost reductions and service improvements. , BMGT372. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT484 , Digital Marketing ,\" Examines the process of developing, implementing, and analyzing strategies for successfully marketing a variety of existing and potential products and services through digital means, including the web, social media, and mobile apps. Both the development and analysis of digital media for marketing will be discussed. \", BMGT350.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT485 , Project Management ,\" Modern project management techniques that are used by modern practicing professionals will be covered. Particular attention is given to the management of technology based systems and projects in a business enterprise. The topics covered include: defining project scope, alignment of projects with enterprise strategy, managing project cost, time and risks using tools such as CPM/PERT, and measuring project performance. \", BMGT231 or BMGT230; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT490H , QUEST Capstone Professional Practicum ,\" The capstone course for the QUEST Honors Program provides students with an opportunity to learn in multidisciplinary teams of business, engineering, and science students in a real-world setting. Companies engage teams of QUEST students with real organizational challenges and dedicate resources to help students address these problems. Student teams must enhance their skills in quality management, process improvement, and systems design and will apply these to add value to a client. In the process, students will improve their teamwork skills. \", ENES390 or BMGT390.   ,4,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT491 , Scoping Experiential Learning Projects ,\" QUEST students cultivate relationships with new and current corporate partners and prepare project scopes for QUEST\\'s introductory course, BMGT/ENES 190H, and capstone course, BMGT/ENES 490H. Requires independent work communicating with clients and class visits to a variety of potential project sites. \", BMGT190 or ENES190.   ,3,Flexible,BMGT\\nBMGT494H , Honors Study ,\" Second semester of the senior year. The student shall continue and complete the research initiated in BMGT 493, additional reports may be required at the discretion of the faculty advisor and Assistant Dean of Undergraduate Studies. \", BMGT493.   ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nBMGT841 , Seminar in Corporate Finance , Seminar in selected classic and current theoretical and empirical research in corporate finance. , Permission of BMGT-Robert H. Smith School of Business. ,3,Hard,BMGT\\nCMSC122 , Introduction to Computer Programming via the Web , Introduction to computer programming in the context of developing full featured dynamic web sites. Uses a problem solving approach to teach basics of program design and implementation using JavaScript; relates these skills to creation of dynamic web sites; then explores both the potential and limits of web-based information sources for use in research. Intended to help relate a student\\'s major to these emerging technologies. , None ,3,None,CMSC\\nCMSC131 , Object-Oriented Programming I , Introduction to programming and computer science. Emphasizes understanding and implementation of applications using object-oriented techniques. Develops skills such as program design and testing as well as implementation of programs using a graphical IDE. Programming done in Java. , None ,4,None,CMSC\\nCMSC132 , Object-Oriented Programming II ,\" Introduction to use of computers to solve problems using software engineering principles. Design, build, test, and debug medium -size software systems and learn to use relevant tools. Use object-oriented methods to create effective and efficient problem solutions. Use and implement application programming interfaces (APIs). Programming done in Java. \", Minimum grade of C- in CMSC131; or must have earned a score of 5 on the A Java AP exam; or must have earned a satisfactory score on the departmental placement exam. And minimum grade of C- in MATH140. ,4,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC133 , Object Oriented Programming I Beyond Fundamentals ,\" An introduction to computer science and object-oriented programming for students with prior Java programming knowledge (conditionals, loops, methods). Program design, implementation, and testing using object-oriented techniques. All programming will be done in Java using a graphical IDE. \", None ,2,None,CMSC\\nCMSC216 , Introduction to Computer Systems ,\" Introduction to the interaction between user programs and the operating system/hardware. Major topics include C programming, introductory systems programming, and assembly language. Other concepts covered include UNIX, machine data representation, thread management, optimization, and virtual memory. Programming is done in the Linux Environment. \", Minimum grade of C- in CMSC132; and minimum grade of C- in MATH141.  ,4,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC250 , Discrete Structures ,\" Fundamental mathematical concepts related to computer science, including finite and infinite sets, relations, functions, and propositional logic. Introduction to other techniques, modeling and solving problems in computer science.  Introduction to permutations, combinations, graphs, and trees with selected applications. \", Minimum grade of C- in CMSC131; and minimum grade of C- in MATH141.   ,4,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC320 , Introduction to Data Science ,\" An introduction to the data science pipeline, i.e., the end-to-end process of going from unstructured, messy data to knowledge and actionable insights. Provides a broad overview of several topics including statistical data analysis, basic data mining and machine learning algorithms, large-scale data management, cloud computing, and information visualization. \", Minimum grade of C- in CMSC216 and CMSC250.  ,3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC330 , Organization of Programming Languages ,\" A study of programming languages, including their syntax, semantics, and implementation. Several different models of languages are discussed, including dynamic, scripting (e.g., Ruby, Python) functional (e.g., OCaml, Haskell, Scheme), and memory safe systems programming (e.g., Rust). Explores language features such as formal syntax, scoping and binding of variables, higher-order programming, typing, and type polymorphism. Introduces finite automata, context free grammar, parsing, lambda calculus, and basics of security attacks and software security. \", Minimum grade of C- in CMSC250 and CMSC216.   ,3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC351 , Algorithms ,\" A systematic study of the complexity of some elementary algorithms related to sorting, graphs and trees, and combinatorics. Algorithms are analyzed using mathematical techniques to solve recurrences and summations. \", Minimum grade of C- in CMSC250 and CMSC216.   ,3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC396H , Computer Science Honors Seminar ,\" Overview of computer science research activities, techniques, and tools. Diverse research areas will be covered, including systems, networks, artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, software engineering, graphics, vision, and theory. \", Must have admission into Computer Science Departmental Honors Program.   ,1,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC411 , Computer Systems Architecture ,\" Input/output processors and techniques. Intra-system communication, buses, caches. Addressing and memory hierarchies. Microprogramming, parallelism, and pipelining. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330; or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program.  \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC412 , Operating Systems ,\" A hands-on introduction to operating systems, including topics in: multiprogramming, communication and synchronization, memory management, IO subsystems, and resource scheduling polices. The laboratory component consists of constructing a small kernel, including functions for device IO, multi-tasking, and memory management. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330 and CMSC351; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (CMSC414, CMSC417, CMSC420, CMSC430, CMSC433, CMSC435, ENEE440, ENEE457).   \",4,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC414 , Computer and Network Security ,\" An introduction to the topic of security in the context of computer systems and networks. Identify, analyze, and solve network-related security problems in computer systems. Fundamentals of number theory, authentication, and encryption technologies, as well as the practical problems that have to be solved in order to make those technologies workable in a networked environment, particularly in the wide-area Internet environment. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330 and CMSC351; or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program.   \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC417 , Computer Networks ,\" Computer networks and architectures. The OSI model including discussion and examples of various network layers. A general introduction to existing network protocols. Communication protocol specification, analysis, and testing. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC351 and CMSC330; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC420 , Advanced Data Structures ,\" Description, properties, and storage allocation functions of data structures including balanced binary trees, B-Trees, hash tables, skiplists, tries, KD-Trees and Quadtrees. Algorithms for manipulating structures. Applications from areas such as String Processing, Computer Graphics, Information Retrieval, Computer Networks, Computer Vision, and Operating Systems. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC351 and CMSC330; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC421 , Introduction to Artificial Intelligence ,\" Introduces a range of ideas and methods in AI, varying semester to semester but chosen largely from: automated heuristic search, planning, games, knowledge representation, logical and statistical inference, learning, natural language processing, vision, robotics, cognitive modeling, and intelligent agents. Programming projects will help students obtain a hands-on feel for various topics. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC351 and CMSC330; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC422 , Introduction to Machine Learning , Machine Learning studies representations and algorithms that allow machines to improve their performance on a task from experience. This is a broad overview of existing methods for machine learning and an introduction to adaptive systems in general. Emphasis is given to practical aspects of machine learning and data mining. ,\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC320, CMSC330, and CMSC351; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461); and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. \",3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC423 ,\" Bioinformatic Algorithms, Databases, and Tools \",\" An introduction to the main algorithms, databases, and tools used in bioinformatics. Topics may include assembly and analysis of genome sequences, reconstructing evolutionary histories, predicting protein structure, and clustering of biological data. Use of scripting languages to perform analysis tasks on biological data. No prior knowledge of biology is assumed. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC351 and CMSC330; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC424 , Database Design ,\" Students are introduced to database systems and motivates the database approach as a mechanism for modeling the real world. An in-depth coverage of the relational model, logical database design, query languages, and other database concepts including query optimization, concurrency control; transaction management, and log based crash recovery. Distributed and Web database architectures are also discussed. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC351 and CMSC330; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC425 , Game Programming ,\" An introduction to the principles and practice of computer game programming and design. This includes an introduction to game hardware and systems, the principles of game design, object and terrain modeling, game physics, artificial intelligence for games, networking for games, rendering and animation, and aural rendering. Course topics are reinforced through the design and implementation of a working computer game. \", Minimum grade of C- in CMSC420. ,3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC426 , Computer Vision ,\" An introduction to basic concepts and techniques in computervision. This includes low-level operations such as image filtering and edge detection, 3D reconstruction of scenes using stereo and structure from motion, and object detection, recognition and classification. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330 and CMSC351; or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program.   \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC430 , Introduction to Compilers ,\" Topics include lexical analysis, parsing, intermediate representations, program analysis, optimization, and code generation. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330 and CMSC351; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC433 , Programming Language Technologies and Paradigms ,\" Programming language technologies (e.g., object-oriented programming), their implementations and use in software design and implementation. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330; or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program.  \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC434 , Introduction to Human-Computer Interaction ,\" Assess usability by quantitative and qualitative methods. Conduct task analyses, usability tests, expert reviews, and continuing assessments of working products by interviews, surveys, and logging. Apply design processes and guidelines to develop professional quality user interfaces. Build low-fidelity paper mockups, and a high-fidelity prototype using contemporary tools such as graphic editors and a graphical programming environment (eg: Visual Basic, Java). \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330 and CMSC351; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC435 , Software Engineering ,\" State-of-the-art techniques in software design and development. Laboratory experience in applying the techniques covered. Structured design, structured programming, top-down design and development, segmentation and modularization techniques, iterative enhancement, design and code inspection techniques, correctness, and chief-programmer teams. The development of a large software project. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (CMSC412, CMSC417, CMSC420, CMSC430, CMSC433); and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC436 , Programming Handheld Systems ,\" Fundamental principles and concepts that underlie the programming of handheld systems, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants, and tablet computers. Particular emphasis will be placed on concepts such as limited display size, power, memory and CPU speed; and new input modalities, where handheld systems differ substantially from non-handheld systems, and thus require special programming tools and approaches. Students will apply these concepts and principles in the context of an existing handset programming platform. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC330 and CMSC351; or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program.   \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC451 , Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms ,\" Fundamental techniques for designing efficient computer algorithms, proving their correctness, and analyzing their complexity. General topics include graph algorithms, basic algorithm design paradigms (such as greedy algorithms, divide-and-conquer, and dynamic programming), network flows, NP-completeness, and other selected topics in algorithms. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC351; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC452 , Elementary Theory of Computation ,\" Techniques are developed to determine the difficulty of a problem relative to a model of computation. Topics include Finite Automata, P, NP, decidability, undecidability, and communication complexity. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC351; and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. Or must be in the (Computer Science (Doctoral), Computer Science (Master\\'s)) program. \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC454 , Algorithms for Data Science ,\" Fundamental methods for processing a high volume of data. Methods include stream processing, locally sensitive hashing, web search methods, page rank computation, network and link analysis, dynamic graph algorithms as well as methods to handle high dimensional data/dimensionality reduction. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC320, CMSC330, and CMSC351; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (STAT400, STAT410); and permission of CMNS-Computer Science department.  \",3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC456 , Cryptography ,\" The theory, application, and implementation of mathematical techniques used to secure modern communications. Topics include symmetric and public-key encryption, message integrity, hash functions, block-cipher design and analysis, number theory, and digital signatures. \",\" (CMSC106, CMSC131, or ENEE150; or equivalent programming experience); and (2 courses from (CMSC330, CMSC351, ENEE324, or ENEE380); or any one of these courses and a 400-level MATH course, or two 400-level MATH courses). Or permission of instructor.   \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC457 , Introduction to Quantum Computing ,\" An introduction to the concept of a quantum computer, including algorithms that outperform classical computation and methods for performing quantum computation reliably in the presence of noise. As this is a multidisciplinary subject, the course will cover basic concepts in theoretical computer science and physics in addition to introducing core quantum computing topics. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, PHYS274); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (CMSC351, PHYS373).   \",3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC460 , Computational Methods ,\" Basic computational methods for interpolation, least squares, approximation, numerical quadrature, numerical solution of polynomial and transcendental equations, systems of linear equations and initial value problems for ordinary differential equations. Emphasis on methods and their computational properties rather than their analytic aspects. Intended primarily for students in the physical and engineering sciences. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH341, MATH461); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (CMSC106, CMSC131); and minimum grade of C- in MATH246.   \",3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC466 , Introduction to Numerical Analysis I ,\" Floating point computations, direct methods for linear systems, interpolation, solution of nonlinear equations. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH341, MATH461); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (CMSC106, CMSC131); and minimum grade of C- in MATH410.   \",3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC470 , Introduction to Natural Language Processing ,\" Introduction to fundamental techniques for automatically processing and generating natural language with computers. Machine learning techniques, models, and algorithms that enable computers to deal with the ambiguity and implicit structure of natural language. Application of these techniques in a series of assignments designed to address a core application such as question answering or machine translation. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in CMSC320, CMSC330, and CMSC351; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461).  \",3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC475 , Combinatorics and Graph Theory ,\" General enumeration methods, difference equations, generating functions. Elements of graph theory, matrix representations of graphs, applications of graph theory to transport networks, matching theory and graphical algorithms. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH341, MATH461); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340). And permission of CMNS-Computer Science department; or permission of CMNS-Mathematics department.   \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC661 , Scientific Computing II ,\" Fourier and wavelet transform methods, numerical methods for elliptic partial differential equations, numerical linear algebra for sparse matrices, Finite element methods, numerical methods for time dependent partial differential equations. Techniques for scientific computation with an introduction to the theory and software for each topic. Course is part of a two course sequence (660 and 661), but can be taken independently. \",\" Must have knowledge of C or Fortran. And CMSC466, AMSC466, AMSC460, or CMSC460; or (must have knowledge of basic numerical analysis (linear equations, nonlinear equations, integration, interpolation); and permission of instructor).   \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC664 , Advanced Scientific Computing II ,\" In the sequence Advanced Scientific Computing I & Advanced Scientific Computing II, (AMSC663/CMSC663 and AMSC664/CMSC664, respectively) students work on a year-long individual project to develop software for a scientific task in a high performance computing environment. Lectures will be given on available computational environments, code development, implementation of parallel algorithms. \", AMSC663 or CMSC663.   ,3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC711 , Computer Networks ,\" Priciples, design, and performance evaluation of computer networks. Network architectures including the ISO model and local area networks (LANs). Communication protocols and network topology. \", CMSC412; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. ,3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC722 , Artificial Intelligence Planning ,\" Automated planning of actions to accomplish some desired goals. Basic algorithms, important systems, and new directions in the field of artificial intelligence planning systems. \", CMSC421; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department; or permission of CMNS-Computer Science department. ,3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC733 , Computer Processing of Pictorial Information ,\" Input, output, and storage of pictorial information. Pictures as information sources, efficient encoding, sampling, quantization, approximation. Position-invariant operations on pictures, digital and optical implementations, the pax language, applications to matched and spatial frequency filtering. Picture quality, image enhancement and image restoration. Picture properties and pictorial pattern recognition. Processing of complex pictures; figure extraction, properties of figures. Data structures for pictures description and manipulation; picture languages. Graphics systems for alphanumeric and other symbols, line drawings of two- and three-dimensional objects, cartoons and movies. \", CMSC420. ,3,Hard,CMSC\\nCMSC740 , Advanced Computer Graphics ,\" An introduction to the principles of computer graphics. Includes an introduction to graphics displays and systems, introduction to the mathematics of affine and projective transformations, perspective, curve and surface modeling, algorithms for hidden-surface removal, color models, methods for modeling illumination, shading, and reflection. \", MATH240 and CMSC420; or permission of instructor. ,3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC751 , Parallel Algorithms ,\" A presentation of the theory of parallel computers and parallel processing. Models of parallel processing and the relationships between these models. Techniques for the design and analysis of efficient parallel algorithms including parallel prefix, searching, sorting, graph problems, and algebraic problems. Theoretical limits of parallelism. \", CMSC451; or ENEE641; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.  Jointly offered wit h ENEE651.   ,3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC754 , Computational Geometry ,\" Introduction to algorithms and data structures for computational problems in discrete geometry (for points, lines, and polygons) primarily in two and three dimensions. Topics include triangulations and planar subdivisions, geometric search and intersection, convex hulls, Voronoi diagrams, Delaunay triangulations, line arrangements, visibility, and motion planning. \", CMSC451 and CMSC420; or permission of instructor. ,3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC764 , Advanced Numerical Optimization , Modern numerical methods for solving unconstrained and constrained nonlinear optimization problems in finite dimensions. Design of computational algorithms and the analysis of their properties. , MATH410; or permission of instructor.  Jointly offered wit h AMSC607.   ,3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC773 , Computational Linguistics II ,\" Natural language processing with a focus on corpus-based statistical techniques. Topics inlcude: stochastic language modeling, smoothing, noisy channel models, probabilistic grammars and parsing; lexical acquisition, similarity-based methods, word sense disambiguation, statistical methods in NLP applications; system evaluation. \",\" CMSC723, INST735, or LING723; or permission of instructor.   \",3,Flexible,CMSC\\nCMSC800 , How to Conduct Great Research , Develop research skills so as to promote high quality and high impact. , None ,1,None,CMSC\\nCOMM200 , Critical Thinking and Speaking ,\" Theory and practice of persuasive discourse analysis and composition. Research techniques, logical and rhetorical conceptions of argument, and technical principles for persuading in public venues. \", None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM331 , News Writing and Reporting for Public Relations , Writing and researching news and information media for public relations; laboratory in news-gathering tools and writing techniques for public relations. , COMM201; and must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in JOUR181.   ,3,Flexible,COMM\\nCOMM332 , News Editing for Public Relations ,\" Copy editing, graphic principles and processes, news and information technologies for public relations. \", Minimum grade of C- in COMM331; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. And permission of ARHU-Communication department.   ,3,Flexible,COMM\\nCOMM351 , Public Relations Techniques ,\" The techniques of public relations, including news releases, publications and printed materials, audio-visual techniques, speeches and special events. Application of these techniques in laboratory and field projects. \", COMM332.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM353 , New Media Writing for Public Relations , Students learn the uses and influence of new media on public relations practice and expand their ability to write using new and traditional media platforms and tools , Minimum grade of C- in COMM351.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM370 , Mediated Communication ,\" Analysis and critique of structure, performance, content, effects, and future of mediated communication. \", COMM250.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM371 , Communication and Digital Media ,\" A basic introduction to communication in the digital age. Through class lectures, assignments and projects, students will learn to effectively use new media for the purpose of strategic message creation and management used in the field of communication. Students will apply the basics of visual layout skills and the principles of visual design to create messages using words and images. \", None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM374 , Communicating Visually: Message Production and Digital Media ,\" Focus on the interplay between technology, images and sound in the creation of digital content. This is a communication process by which a digital visual message evolves from conception to completion, incorporating the creative, financial and marketing tools. Students will conceive, plan, recruit and supervise digital video projects, developing a familiarity with production management technique and execution. \", None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM376 , Communication through Advocacy Short Film , Explores the theory and practice of contemporary communication and advocacy short form video. , None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM382 , Essentials of Intercultural Communication , Introduction of major theories and concepts of intercultural communication; examination of processes that make up cultural differences; and use of intercultural communication competence skills. , None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM386 , Experiential Learning , Supervised internship experience with communication professionals. Relation of academic training to professional experience. , Permission of ARHU-Communication department.  ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM400 , Research Methods in Communication ,\" Philosophy of scientific method; role of theory; research ethics; empirical research methods (measurement, sampling, design, analysis). \", COMM250; and must have an introductory course in statistics.   ,3,Flexible,COMM\\nCOMM401 , Interpreting Strategic Discourse , Principles and approaches for practical analysis of discourse designed to shape audience opinion. , COMM250.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM402 , Communication Theory and Process , Philosophical and conceptual analysis of communication theories. , COMM250.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM426 , Conflict Management , Role of communication in managing conflict processes. , None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM427 , Crisis Communication ,\" Explores theories and research related to communication before, during, and after a crisis. Students examine the fundamentals of organizational communication, crisis management, and strategic and crisis communication planning before examining case studies of a number of real-life crises: organizational crises, natural disasters, accidents, terrorism incidents, health crises, and major crises of credibility. \", None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM436 , Interpersonal Arguing , An examination of face to face arguing. , COMM400 and COMM250.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM450 , Ancient and Medieval Rhetorical Theory ,\" A survey of rhetorical theory in the ancient and medieval periods. Emphasis is placed on the theoretical problems that gave rise to its development within both periods. Authors include Isocrates, Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Quintilian, Hermogenes, Martianus Capella, Aurelius Augustine, Alberic of Monte Cassino, Geoffrey of Vinsauf and Robert of Basevorn. \", COMM250.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM454 , Rhetoric of the 1960s ,\" Study of key rhetoric of the 1960s. Treats rhetoric of relevant Presidents and several protest movements including civil rights, anti-war, and women\\'s liberation. Contrasts traditional modes of argument with alternative rhetorical forms. \", COMM401; or permission of ARHU-Communication department.  ,3,Flexible,COMM\\nCOMM483 , Senior Seminar in Public Relations ,\" Integration of theory, techniques and research methods into the planning and execution of public relations campaigns for specific organizations. Analysis of research on the case studies of public relations. \", COMM351 and COMM400.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM601 , Historical-Critical Research in Communication , Intense study in critical and historical methodology as applicable to research in communication. Emphasis will be placed on the composition and the evaluation of historical-critical studies of significance in the field of rhetorical communication scholarship. , None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM606 , Seminar in Communication Management ,\" Communication and public relations as a managed function of organizations are introduced. Students learn how managing communication contributes to organizational effectiveness. Using organizational theory, theories of Excellence in public relations and communication management, communication metrics and communication ethics, students build their communication strategic management skills beyond the programmatic level to the functional and organizational levels of decision-making. \", None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM633 , Global Public Relations ,\" Application of principles of public relations to countries or regions with different cultures, political systems, economic systems, levels of development, media systems, and levels of activism. \", None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM637 , Professional Practice Forum in Translation: Career Portfolio and Exams ,\" Serves as final preparation for entry into the profession through development of career portfolio to meet summative degree requirement and development of strategies for gaining work as a professional translator. Prepares participants for degree examinations and employer tests through the review of previous exam material and employer testing requirements. Serves as venue for degree examinations, career goal setting and planning for future employment. Participants present and defend career portfolio as summative requirement for MA in translation; MA in Trans. and Localization Project. \", Admissions test for second year courses; and (COMM659 and COMM679); and permission of ARHU-Communication department. ,1,Flexible,COMM\\nCOMM655 , Seminar in Speechwriting , Theoretical and practical aspects of speechwriting at an advanced level. , None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM657 , Professional Practice Forum in Interpreting: Career Portfolio and Exams ,\" Serves as final preparation for entry into the profession through development of strategies for gaining work as a professional translator. Prepares participants for degree examinations and employer tests through the review of previous exam material and employer testing requirements. Serves as venue for degree examinations, career goal setting and planning for future employment. Participants present and defend career portfolio and summative requirement for degree. \",\" COMM719, COMM769, and COMM729; and admissions test for second-year courses; and permission of ARHU-Communication department. \",1,Flexible,COMM\\nCOMM701 , Quantitative Methods in Communication Research ,\" Logic and methods of quantitative data collection and statistical analysis as applied to communication studies. Research strategies for communications: experimentation, survey research, field research, and content analysis. \", COMM700.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nCOMM710 , Translation and Localization Project Management ,\" Introduces basic principles of project management in the translation industry based upon globalization and localization processes for software, websites, and other translation-driven products. Focuses on information technology and workflow in large-scale multilingual projects. Examines planning, execution, and evaluation processes grounded in best practices and standards of the translation and localization industry. \", Admissions test for second year courses; and permission of ARHU-Communication department. ,3,Flexible,COMM\\nCOMM724 , Seminar in Organizational Communication ,\" Theories and problems of human communication within, between, and/or among formal organizations will be emphasized. \", None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM760 , Seminar in Political Communication , A blend of theory and practice to integrate rhetorical-critical theory and empirical methods with politics. Practitioners in political communication will be drawn in as resource persons. Students will map the communication strategy for candidates and analyze actual campaign strategies. , None ,3,None,COMM\\nCOMM775 , Seminar in Persuasion and Attitude Change , This seminar will concentrate on the problem of making message strategy decisions. Course content will consist of study of both theoretical and empirical research on attitude and attitude change in persuasive communication. , Permission of ARHU-Communication department.   ,3,Hard,COMM\\nECON200 , Principles of Microeconomics , Introduces economic models used to analyze economic behavior by individuals and firms and consequent market outcomes. Applies conceptual analysis to several policy issues and surveys a variety of specific topics within the broad scope of microeconomics. , MATH107 or MATH110; or must have math eligibility of MATH113 or higher.   ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON201 , Principles of Macroeconomics ,\" An introduction to how market economies behave at the aggregate level. The determination of national income/output and the problems of unemployment inflation, will be examined, along with monetary and fiscal policy. \", MATH107 or MATH110; or must have math eligibility of MATH113 or higher.   ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON230 , Applied Economic Statistics ,\" Introductory course to develop understanding of statistical concepts used in applied economics. Students will acquire skills needed to calculate and interpret statistical concepts, including descriptive statistics, probability, discrete and continuous distributions, sampling, point and interval estimations, hypothesis testing, basic analysis of variance, and simple linear regression models.  Students will apply these concepts to data using both handheld calculators and spreadsheets(Excel), and students will be introduced to an econometric software package such as SPSS or SAS or R. \",\" Must have math eligibility of MATH113 or higher; or 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH107, MATH110). And minimum grade of C- in ECON200 and ECON201.   \",3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON305 , Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory and Policy ,\" Analysis of the determination of national income, employment, and price levels. Discussion of consumption, investment, inflation, and government fiscal and monetary policy. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON201 and ECON200. And 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH120, MATH130, MATH136, MATH140); or must have completed MATH220 with a minimum grade of C-.   \",3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON306 , Intermediate Microeconomic Theory & Policy ,\" Analysis of the theories of consumer behavior, producer behavior, different market structures, and various sources of inefficient outcomes.  Analysis of microeconomic policies designed to improve market outcomes. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON200, AREC250); and minimum grade of C- in ECON201. And 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH120, MATH130, MATH136, MATH140); or must have completed MATH220 with a minimum grade of C-.   \",3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON311 , American Economic History Before the Civil War ,\" Economic concepts are used to analyze various aspects of the founding and early history of the U.S., including the British settlement of the North American colonies, the economics of the American Revolutionary war, the writing of the Constitution, the development of financial markets, policies on public lands and the spread of western agriculture, slavery, banking, and early industrialization. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON200 and ECON201.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON312 , American Economics After the Civil War ,\" Topics include: the economics of the Civil War, the performance of southern agriculture in the late 19th century, the rise of large corporations, industrialization, the development of financial markets, the creation of the Federal Reserve Board, the economics of the Great Depression and the New Deal, the economic impact of World War II, and the rise of the modern service economy in the late 20th century. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON200 and ECON201.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON315 , Economic Development of Underdeveloped Areas ,\" Analysis of the economic and social characteristics of underdeveloped areas. Recent theories of economic development, obstacles to development, policies and planning for development. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON200 and ECON201.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON317 , Global Economic Policies ,\" Analysis of policy options and debates on fostering economic growth and development in a global economy where national boundaries are no longer relevant. Topics covered will include real loanable funds markets in both local and international contexts during normal conditions and during financial crises, the design of trade and industrial policies, and the role of the World Bank, IMF, WTO, and other international agencies as well as regional and bilateral trade agreements. Emerging economies will be emphasized. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON200 and ECON201.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON321 , Economic Statistics ,\" Introduction to the use of statistics in economics. Topics include: Probability, random variables and their distributions, sampling theory, estimation, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, regression analysis and correlation. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON201 and ECON200; and minimum grade of C- in MATH141.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON325 , Intermediate Macroeconomic Analysis ,\" Analysis of macroeconomic behavior and policy with emphasis on theoretical rigor. Topics include the determinants of economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and international economic flows. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON200, ECON201, and MATH141.  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON326 , Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis ,\" Analysis of economic decision-making by individual buyers and sellers, and resulting market outcomes, with emphasis on theoretical rigor. The efficient properties of perfect competition are examined, followed by consideration of market power, externalities, and asymmetric information. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON200, ECON201, and MATH141.  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON330 , Money and Banking ,\" The structure of financial institutions and their role in the provision of money and near money.  Analysis of the Federal Reserve System, the techniques of central banks, and the control of supply of financial assets in stabilization policy.  Relationship of money and credit to economic activity and the price level. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON200 and ECON201. ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON386 , Experiential Learning ,\" See Department Advising Office for course eligibility, course requirements, and application information. \", ECON201 and ECON200.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON387 , Career Preparation for Economics Majors ,\" Increase student knowledge of career paths, job search tools, and strategies for successfully obtaining a job with a BA or BS in economics. Students will engage in a range of different activities which build their understanding of job opportunities in economics and hone their abilities to find positions they want. Students will reflect on specific skills employers seek from economics graduates and incorporate that knowledge in their own individual job search and career plan. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON305, ECON325); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326).  \",2,Hard,ECON\\nECON397 , Honors Thesis , General supervision will be provided through assembled meetings with the professor in charge of the course. , ECON396.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON401 , Current Issues in American Economic Policy ,\" Analysis of current economic problems and public policies. Topics could include poverty, income inequality, social insurance, education, environmental sustainability, immigration, and innovation. Other issues may be substituted depending on current events. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON305, ECON325); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON424, ECON422).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON402 , Macroeconomic Models and Forecasting , Analysis of the fluctuations in economic activity and the formulation and use of forecasting models of the economy. Illustrations of computer macro models and forecasting problems. ,\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON305, ECON325); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON406 , Advanced Microeconomics ,\" Expands on the assumptions of rational decision-making used in intermediate microeconomics and develops more complicated, more realistic models which address uncertainty, intertemporal choices, strategic interactions, social preferences and considerations of what is fair. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON326; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON321, STAT400).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON407 , Advanced Macroeconomics ,\" An in-depth analysis of current issues in macroeconomic theory and policy. Topics covered include: 1. alternative perspectives on macroeconomics including monetarism, new classical equilibrium models, rational expectations, and real business cycle models; 2. long term growth, the slowdown in productivity growth, and concerns about U.S. competitiveness; 3. the effectiveness of macroeconomic policy in an open economy; 4. the effects of finance on the real sector. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON325; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON321, STAT400).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON414 , Game Theory ,\" Studies the competitive and cooperative behavior that results when several parties find that their individual outcomes are jointly determined. Students will learn how to use game theory to analyze situations of potential conflict. Applications are drawn from economics, business, and political science. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321, STAT400).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON416 , Analysis of Economic Development ,\" Analysis of the determinants and influences on economic development. Emphasis on both theoretical models and econometric methods of explaining why some countries are poor, along with examination of policies to promote development. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON325, ECON326, and ECON422.  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON417 , Estimating Policy and Program Impact ,\" Governments, businesses, non-profits, funders, and other organizations must allocate scarce resources between competing uses. Understanding the causal effect of policies, programs or investments on key outcomes can guide the choices of these decision-makers. Correlations between policies and outcomes or changes in outcomes after new policies are adopted are rarely sufficient for estimating the causal effect, however. This course focuses on econometric strategies for obtaining unbiased causal estimates, including experimental methods, instrumental variables, regression discontinuity, and differences-in-differences. There will be an emphasis on using Stata and on interpreting the results of econometric analysis \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326) and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON424, ECON422).  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON422 , Econometrics I ,\" Emphasizes the interaction between economic problems and the assumptions employed in statistical theory. Formulation, estimation, and testing of economic models, including single variable and multiple variable regression techniques, theory of identification, and issues relating to inference. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON325, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (STAT400, ECON321).  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON423 , Econometrics II ,\" Interaction between economic problems and specification and estimation of econometric models. Topics include issues of autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, functional form, simultaneous equation models, qualitative choice models, and other computational methods. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON422.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON424 , Applied Econometrics ,\" Provide the knowledge and skills necessary to accomplish and utilize basic applied econometric analysis utilized by many business service providers, government agencies, and nonprofits engaged in policy analysis. Topics include simple and multiple regressions using cross section, time series, and panel data, issues of heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, and multicollinearity, models with binary dependent variable, and program evaluation. Course emphasizes application of knowledge using software packages but still covers essential theoretical background. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON305, ECON306, ECON325, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321).  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON426 , Economics of Cost-Benefit Analysis ,\" Study of how to use cost benefit analysis and other similar tools of applied microeconomics to conduct policy analyses. Cost-benefit analysis is an empirical method of identifying an optimal choice from a set of policy alternatives, where optimal is defined in terms of economic efficiency. Real world examples are addressed, so that students understand limitations of the methods and also interactions of economic analysis with political and administrative processes. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON305, ECON306, ECON325, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON427 , Experimental Economics ,\" An introduction to the methodology of experimental economics and its application to issues such as decision-making under uncertainty, auctions, and public goods. Also an introduction to behavioral economics as a relatively new area of economic research. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON326; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON321, STAT400).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON434 , The Economics of Information and Uncertainty ,\" How do rational agents make decisions when faced with  uncertainty? How do markets and other institutions deal with risks?  How do markets behave when some actors are better informed than others? What incentives influence whether economic decision-makers hide or reveal information? Topics  include the value of information, the purchase of warranties, agency problems in management, adverse selection and moral hazard in insurance, and signaling in education. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321, STAT400).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON435 , Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy ,\" The different types of financial assets that exist, the markets that they trade in, and the determination of their prices and rates of return are examined. Specific topics that will be covered include the Markowitz portfolio selection model, the capital asset pricing model, the arbitrage pricing theory, the efficient markets hypothesis, the term structure of interest rates, and options. There will be almost no emphasis on issues in corporate finance. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON305, ECON325); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON436 , Financial Econometrics ,\" An introduction to financial econometrics, which is data science applied to understanding the financial system. Students will learn modern techniques in financial econometrics with an emphasis on the interaction between modeling (theory) and empirical analysis. Topics include relevant economic theory, optimization techniques, probability models, statistical analysis, and use of statistical software. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON325 and ECON422.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON442 , Globalization and Capital Markets ,\" Uses models of open-economy macroeconomics to explain the causes and consequences of international capital flows. Analysis is made of private consumption, investment, the government sector, current accounts, the labor market, and the money and foreign exchange markets in small open economies. This framework is then used to study examples of how speculative attacks on currencies, sudden reversals of capital inflows, and the effects of the lack of credibility of economic policy affect economic development. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in ECON326 and ECON325; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON321, STAT400).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON443 , International Trade and Trade Policy in the New Global Economy ,\" Examines the economics of international economic integration, including the theory of customs unions and free trade areas, the role of GATT and the WTO, changes in individual countries\\' foreign trade policies during the new era of globalization, the special role of multinational firms in world trade, and recent controversies about the benefits and costs of globalized trade. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON305, ECON325); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON444 , Research in Globalization ,\" As globalization continues, individual countries must confront a variety of related issues including rising inequality, decline of domestic industries, climate change, and disputes over intellectual property rights. Various economic models and research methods will be covered to develop the analytic and empirical skills needed to perform independent research in globalization.  Students will prepare literature reviews, conduct preliminary empirical investigations using STATA, and produce well-designed research proposals. \", Minimum grade of C- in ECON326 and ECON422.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON455 , Economics of Education Policy ,\" Examines the role that government plays in providing and financing education. Analyzes why people invest in education. Considers the effects of education on long-term social and economic outcomes, the behavior of institutions that produce education, and how to design and implement public policies affecting the level and distribution of educational resources. Uses microeconomic models and empirical findings to analyze current issues in education policy. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321).  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON456 , Law and Economics ,\" Relationship of the exchange process to the system of institutions and rules that society develops to carry out economic transactions. Topics covered include: Property rights; torts, negligence, and liability; contracts and exchanges; criminal control and enforcement; equity and efficiency issues . \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON463 , Economics of Sports ,\" The application of theoretical and empirical economic tools to the sports industry, including competition at professional,collegiate, and international levels. Microeconomic models from labor, industrial organization and public finance will be applied to the sports industry and combined with data from sports markets, providing students with opportunities to produce and interpret economic analysis. The topic of discrimination will also be explored in the context of this particular economic activity. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, BMGT230, ECON321, STAT400).   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON471 , Labor Markets ,\" Central topics include the determinants of firms\\' demand for labor and households\\' decision making about whether to work, how much to work, and where to work. We will then study the equilibrium amount of labor hired in society and the wages paid to workers. The course will also include the measurement of the labor market, human capital, discrimination, incentives, and current changes in the American economic landscape.  Various economic policies impacting labor markets will be analyzed. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and minimum grade of C- in ECON424.   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON472 , Economics of Social Safety Nets ,\" Analysis of the economic issues associated with social safety nets. Topics to be covered include the cash transfer programs for breaking the cycle of poverty, labor market policies aimed at combating unemployment, childhood interventions to improve human capital development, and the challenges faced by pension systems over the world. The approach is based on a life-cycle perspective.  Evidence and experiences from developed and developing countries will covered. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON306, ECON326); and minimum grade of C- in ECON424.   \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON481 , Environmental Economics , An exploration of the use of economic incentives for protection of the environment and the determination of appropriate (or efficient) level of environmental quality. Also covers the choice of policy instruments for the attainment of environmental standards. ,\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (AREC326, ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, ECON321, BMGT230).  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON484 , The Economics of Climate Change ,\" The role of economics in the formation of climate policy; basic concepts of environmental economics including efficiency, externalities, and policy instruments; economic models of intertemporal decisions and decision making in the face of uncertainty. Applied economic analysis of specific issues and current policy initiatives. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (AREC326, ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, ECON321, BMGT230).  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON486 , Energy and Environmental Economics ,\" Economic theory and empirical methods are used to study problems of energy, the environment, and the economy. It examines the extraction, production, and use of energy and market institutions and regulatory approaches used to correct market failures. Topics covered include: oil and natural gas markets, management and design of electricity markets, renewable energy, non-market valuation , climate change, and transportation policies. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (AREC326, ECON306, ECON326); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (ECON230, ECON321, BMGT230).  \",3,Hard,ECON\\nECON602 , Macroeconomic Analysis II ,\" Further issues regarding macroeconomic topics. First half emphasis will be placed on dynamic macroeconomic theory as pertaining to monetary issues, policy ineffectiveness and effectiveness. The second half of the course will focus on theories of investment and growth. \", ECON601; or permission of BSOS-Economics department. ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON604 , Microeconomic Analysis II ,\" Analysis of markets and market equilibria; the Arrow-Debreu model of general equilibrium, the two-sector model, welfare theorems, externalities, public goods, markets with incomplete and asymmetric information. \", ECON603.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON615 , Development Economics I ,\" Explore both the causes and consequences in development economics from a historical and scientific approach. Presents theoretical models and applied work that test alternative hypotheses.  Explore models of economic growth and institutions, with emphasis on property rights and political regimes as causal factors affecting development. Discuss empirical methods widely used in the field and important related topics including poverty, inequality, education and health. \", ECON603; or permission of BSOS-Economics department. ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON624 , Econometrics II ,\" A continuation of ECON623. Topics include: Nonlinear models and nonlinear estimation methods (generalized method of moments and maximum likelihood estimation), panel data models, univariate dynamic models, multivariate dynamic models including simultaneous equation models, and non-parametric/semiparametric estimation methods. The course will also provide instructions on the use of a major statistical package such as Stata or TSP. \", ECON623; or permission of BSOS-Economics department. ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON636 , Behavioral Economics ,\" An exploration of how people make decisions, questioning the concept of \"\"perfect rationality\"\" in the standard economic theory, providing improved models in line with the observed biases of decision makers. Focusing on decision making under risk and ambiguity, endowment effect, status quo bias, loss aversion, intertemporal choice, and selfish and pro-social preferences. \", ECON603 and ECON604; and permission of BSOS-Economics department. ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON641 , Microeconomic Analysis ,\" Microeconomic analysis applied to public policy problems with an emphasis on practical examples and how they illustrate microeconomic theories. Policy issues such as pollution, welfare and income distribution, market design, industry regulation, price controls, tax policy and health insurance are practical examples used to illustrate the abstract principles of microeconomics. \", None ,3,None,ECON\\nECON643 , Empirical Analysis I: Foundations of Empirical Research ,\" Fundamental aspects of data management and interpretation emphasizing sampling, descriptive statistics, index numbers and construction of aggregated variables. Students will learn probability theory, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing and regression analysis using the EXCEL spreadsheet program and STATA statistical software. \", None ,3,None,ECON\\nECON644 , Empirical Analysis II: Introduction to Economic Models , An introduction to econometric methods with applications to public policy analysis.  Primary focus on application and interpretation of multiple regression analysis. , ECON643. ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON645 , Empirical Analysis III: Econometric Modeling and Forecasting ,\" Study of empirical techniques that are particularly relevant to the analysis of microeconomic models. Emphasis is on advanced panel data methods, time series regressions, instrumental variables, limited dependent variables, and sample selection corrections. \", ECON644.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON662 , Theories of Industrial Organization ,\" Dynamic models are important tools to understand intertemporal individual choices and industry evolution. The course discusses a number of issues estimating and solving dynamic models, complimenting and building on the methods and topics introduced in 625. The course also covers models of endogenous product choice, matching and market design. There will be two main sets of assignments, where students simulate data by solving models, estimate models based on simulated or real data and perform counterfactual analyses. The students will also be expected to submit a research proposal. \", ECON604 and ECON603. ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON670 , Financial Economics ,\" The course applies microeconomic theory and applied econometric techniques to the study of financial institutions and markets for financial assets.  Students will learn how economists model and estimate the value of financial assets.  The economic and empirical models are of interest to public policy makers and private wealth managers.  Specific topics can include financial intermediation, the regulation of financial institutions, risk management, portfolio theory, the capital asset pricing model and the efficient markets hypothesis. \", ECON641; and must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in ECON644.   ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON673 ,\" Information, Game Theory and Market Design \",\" A study of the strategic decision-making and the theory and practice of market design.  Focus is on the design of organized market and incentives created by market rules.  Topics include online auction markets, government auctions procurement auctions and matching markets. The analysis includes documenting the rules of real-world markets, game theoretic analysis, empirical analysis, and experimental work. \", ECON641; and must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in ECON644. ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON676 , Economic Development ,\" Analysis of economic development.  The course will focus on the consequences of poverty and poor institutions for the behavior and welfare of individuals, households, firms and the aggregate economy in developing countries.  Theoretical models and empirical evidence will be used to understand the intended and unintended consequences of policies designed to enhance economic development. \", ECON641; and ECON642; and must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in ECON644.   ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON684 , Applied Time Series Analysis and Forecasting ,\" This course builds on the brief introduction to time series econometrics offered in ECON 645.  Students will learn the theory of stationary processes and how it applies to econometric techniques for estimation and forecasting based on time series data.  The techniques will be applied in macroeconomic, financial and business applications. \", ECON642; and ECON645.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON702 , Advanced Macroeconomics II ,\" Selected issues in monetary economics with an equal emphasis of learning the models and understanding important issues: a survey of models (cash-in-advance, money-in-the-utility-function, transaction cost, search-based models), empirical issues in monetary economics, business cycles and money, monetary policy, welfare cost of inflation, alternative media of exchange. \", ECON602 and ECON601. ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON704 , Advanced Microeconomics II ,\" This is the second half of a two-semester sequence in Advanced Microeconomics, intended for second-year Ph.D. students. The course material varies from year-to-year, but currently it focuses on auction theory, matching theory, and the relationship between matching and auction theory. Other topics that are treated in some years include: sequential bargaining under incomplete information; and equilibrium refinements. \", ECON604 and ECON603. ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON722 , Econometrics IV ,\" Oriented towards micro-econometric methods. Topics covered will be selected from the following: Further discussion of topics covered in ECON624, binary and multinomial response models, censored and truncated regression models, sample selection models, count data models, duration models program evaluation and treatment effects methods, structural econometrics, the identification problem, stratified and clustered samples, spatial/cross sectional dependence models, dynamic panel data models, weak instruments, non-parametric estimation, boot strap and Jack Knife methods, pre-test estimators. \", ECON624; or permission of BSOS-Economics department. ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON741 , Advanced International Economics I , Exchange rate determination; exchange rate regimes; international monetary reform; policy conflict and cooperation; the LDC debt problem; pricing of international assets; balance of payments crises. , ECON601; or permission of BSOS-Economics department. ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON743 , Topics in International Finance ,\" Puzzles in international finance; portfolio balance, current account dynamics, exchange rate behavior; capital market imperfections; balance of payments crises. \", ECON602; or permission of BSOS-Economics department.  ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nECON745 , Advanced Topics in International Trade , Designed primarily for students planning to write dissertations on a topic related to international trade. Its focus is on recent research in this field including tests of trade theories; the effects of trade on growth and knowledge diffusion; the political economy of trade policy and the theory and practice of trade agreements. , ECON604 and ECON624.   ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON752 , Public Economics II ,\" Theoretical and empirical issues in taxation, with particular emphasis on income taxation. \", ECON751. ,3,Hard,ECON\\nECON772 , Population Economics ,\" Covers the central ideas in population economics. These include theory and test of theories of mortality, fertility and immigration. \", ECON771; or permission of BSOS-Economics department. ,3,Flexible,ECON\\nENSP102 , Introduction to Environmental Policy ,\" Second of two courses that introduce students to the topics studied and methods employed in environmental science and policy. Emphasis on the process of formulating, implementing, and evaluating policy responses to environmental problems, with particular attention to policy controversies related to scientific uncertainty, risk assessment, the valuation of nature, and distributional equity. May be taken before or after ENSP101. \", None ,3,None,ENSP\\nENSP250 , Lawns in the Landscape: Environmental Hero or Villain? ,\" Examination of the lawn as an element in the anthropogenic landscape and its influence on global warming, regional air and water quality, ecological diversity, mammalian pesticide exposure and consumptive water use. Demographic and socioeconomic factors are examined in the context of being predictors of landscape aesthetic desires and lawn management behaviors. Policies that incentivize lawn alternatives or changes in lawn management behavior are discussed. \", None ,3,None,ENSP\\nENSP305 , Applied Quantitative Methods in Environmental Science and Policy ,\" Intended for students interested in pursuing career or graduate research opportunities that will include management of environmental databases, detailed analysis of environmental data, and/or application of predictive environmental models.  Students will learn necessary skills to manage and analyze environmental data through hands-on training in commonly used software and a series of topical case studies.  Data analysis and data management will be taught using publicly available real-world environmental data sets. \",\" BIOM301, ECON321, GEOG306, PSYC200, or SOCY201; and (ENSP101 and ENSP102). And MATH120, MATH130, MATH136, or MATH140; or must have completed MATH220.   \",3,Flexible,ENSP\\nENSP330 , Introduction to Environmental Law ,\" An overview of environmental law, from its common law roots to its role in the modern regulatory state, including an examination of major federal environment statutes and the policy debates inherent in them. Other areas covered include civil and criminal enforcement, standing to sue, land use control, and regulatory takings. \", None ,3,None,ENSP\\nENSP342 , Environmental Threats to Oceans and Coasts: Towards an Integrated Policy Response ,\" An interdisciplinary study of the challenges of maintaining the health and vitality of oceans and coasts in the face of climate change, extreme weather, and other threats including pollution, and oil and gas development. Exploration of four broad themes: resource management, conservation and stewardship, pollution, and coastal zone management. Also, an analysis of current efforts to integrate these themes through ecosystem-based management; marine spatial planning; and related policy responses. \", None ,3,None,ENSP\\nENSP400 , Capstone in Environmental Science and Policy ,\" Integration of physical, biological, and social sciences with applications to environmental science and policy.  Problem-solving and multi-disciplinary case study evaluations pertinent to contemporary and future issues related to the environment. \", ENSP101; and ENSP102.   ,3,Hard,ENSP\\nENTS630 , The Economics of International Telecommunications ,\" Basic microeconomic principles used by telecommunications firms, including supply and demand, elasticity, costs, productivity, pricing, market structure and competitive implications of alternative market structures. Market failures and government intervention. Public policy processes affecting business operations. \", None ,3,None,ENTS\\nENTS632 , Telecommunications Marketing Management ,\" Topics covered include strategic marketing, sales and customer service challenges confronting organizations in the computer, communications and media industries. The course also addresses volatile technology, regulatory and competitive environments as a backdrop to strategic planning and management in the marketing domain. \", None ,3,None,ENTS\\nENTS635 , Decision Support Methods for Telecommunication Managers ,\" The aim of this course is to introduce management science techniques for informed decision making. Topics covered can include data analysis and regression, optimization models and applications (workforce scheduling, manufacturing, network design, facility location), sensitivity analysis, decision trees, risk analysis and business simulation models. Emphasis will be on telecommunications managerial problems, model development and the use of software packages for decision support. \", None ,3,None,ENTS\\nENTS641 , Networks and Protocols II ,\" Techniques for the specification, design, analysis, verification and testing of communication protocols are discussed. The course includes detailed discussion on routing protocols in the Internet. This includes Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Enchanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP4). \", ENTS640.   ,3,Hard,ENTS\\nINFM605 , Users and Use Context ,\" Use of information by individuals. Nature of information. Information behavior and mental models. Characteristics of problems, task analysis, problem solving, and decision making. Methods for determining information behavior and user needs. Information access. Information technology as a tool in information use. \", None ,3,None,INFM\\nINFM612 , Management Concepts and Principles for Information Professionals ,\" Key aspects of management - focusing on planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The evolution of management, innovative management for the changing world, management styles and leadership, managerial planning, goal setting and decision making. Ethical issues, designing adaptive organizations responding to change, global environment, diversity, and utilizing the appropriate technology to provide effective management of information programs and services. \", None ,3,None,INFM\\nINFM620 , Introduction to Strategic Information Management ,\" Strategic management is the comprehensive collection of tasks, activities, and processes organizations use to coordinate and align resources and actions with its mission, vision, and strategy. Due to changes occurring in our global landscape, the integration of business and technology is compelling organizations to move beyond traditional, reactive, and silo-based data management approaches to a managed, predictive approach that treats information as a strategic asset and uses it to create business value. To meet challenges of this hyper-competitive environment, this course will provide you with an introduction to the strategic management of information assets for competitive differentiation and sustained business success. \", INFM612; or LBSC631; or permission of instructor.  ,3,Flexible,INFM\\nINFM700 , Information Architecture ,\" Principles and techniques of information organization and architecture for the Web environment. Structured description of digital resources, including data modeling techniques, metadata schemes, and user-oriented navigation systems. \", INFM603; or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,INFM\\nINFM737 , Information Management Capstone Experience ,\" The Information Management Capstone Experience I and II are the culminating experience of the Master of Information Management program, taken in the students final two semesters. The capstone experience provide students with the opportunity to integrate and synthesize the knowledge and skills acquired throughout their MIM course work while working in a real world Information Management project. These courses must be taken in succession. \", INFM736; and must have earned a minimum of 27 credits in the MIM Program. Or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,INFM\\nINST126 , Introduction to Programming for Information Science ,\" An introduction to computer programming for students with very limited or no previous programming experience. Topics include fundamental programming concepts such as variables, data types, assignments, arrays, conditionals, loops, functions, and I/O operations. \", Minimum grade of C- in MATH115; or must have math eligibility of MATH140 or higher; or permission of instructor.  ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST155 , Social Networking ,\" Introduces methods for analyzing and understanding how people use social media - social networking websites, blogging and microblogging, and other forms of online interaction and content generation - and their societal implications. Introduces students to the science and social science of network analysis. Through real world examples, including analysis of their own social networks, students develop skills for describing and understanding the patterns and usage of services like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and others. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST201 , Introduction to Information Science ,\" Examining the effects of new information technologies on how we conduct business, interact with friends, and go through our daily lives. Understanding how technical and social factors have influenced the evolution of information society. Evaluating the transformative power of information in education, policy, and entertainment, and the dark side of these changes. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST311 , Information Organization ,\" Examines the theories, concepts, and principles of information, information representation and organization, record structures, description, and classification. Topics to be covered in this course include the methods and strategies to develop systems for storage, organization, and retrieval of information in a variety of organizational and institutional settings, as well as policy, ethical, and social implications of these systems. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST314 , Statistics for Information Science ,\" Basic concepts in statistics including measure construction, data exploration, hypothesis development, hypothesis testing, pattern identification, and statistical analysis. The course also provides an overview of commonly used data manipulation and analytic tools. Through homework assignments, projects, and in-class activities, you will practice working with these techniques and tools to create information resources that can be used in individual and organizational decision-making and problem-solving. \", Minimum grade of C- in STAT100 and MATH115 (or higher).  ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST326 , Object-Oriented Programming for Information Science ,\" An introduction to programming, emphasizing understanding and implementation of applications using object-oriented techniques. Topics to be covered include program design and testing as well as implementation of programs. \", Minimum grade of C- in INST126.  ,3,Hard,INST\\nINST327 , Database Design and Modeling ,\" Introduction to databases, the relational model, entity-relationship diagrams, user-oriented database design and normalization, and Structured Query Language (SQL). Through labs, tests, and a project, students develop both theoretical and practical knowledge of relational database systems. \", Minimum grade of C- in INST126.  ,3,Hard,INST\\nINST335 ,\" Organizations, Management and Teamwork \",\" Examines principles, methods and types of leadership with an emphasis on goal setting, motivation, problem solving, and conflict resolution. Examines principles of developing teams and managing team projects through planning and execution, including estimating costs, managing risks, scheduling, staff and resource allocation, communication, tracking, and control. Trains students to recognize and capitalize on opportunities to use information to increase efficiency, improve performance, and support innovation within teams and organizations. Focuses on strategic use of emerging technologies and new information resources to execute information-enabled change. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in PSYC100.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST346 ,\" Technologies, Infrastructure and Architecture \",\" Examines the basic concepts of computer hardware, systems software, networking, client/server architectures, cloud computing, distributed systems, and high performance computing as applied to information rich domains. Technology and architectures will be discussed within the contexts of solving social issues, supportingscience, and conducting business operations. Current computing topics such as web environments, IoT, security, management, and policy will also be reviewed. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST326, CMSC131); and minimum grade of C- in INST327.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST352 , Information User Needs and Assessment ,\" Focuses on use of information by individuals, including the theories, concepts, and principles of information, information behavior and mental models. Methods for determining information behavior and user needs, including accessibility issues will be examined and strategies for using information technology to support individual users and their specific needs will be explored. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST311.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST354 , Decision-Making for Information Science ,\" Examines the use of information in organizational and individual decision-making, including the roles of information professionals and information systems in informed decision-making through techniques such as data analysis and regression, optimization, sensitivity analysis, decision trees, risk analysis and business simulation models. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST126, INST314, MATH115, STAT100, and PSYC100.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST362 , User-Centered Design ,\" Introduction to human-computer interaction (HCI), with a focus on how HCI connects psychology, information systems, computer science, and human factors. User-centered design and user interface implementation methods discussed include identifying user needs, understanding user behaviors, envisioning interfaces, and utilizing prototyping tools, with an emphasis on incorporating people in the design process from initial field observations to summative usability testing. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST326; and minimum grade of C- in PSYC100.  \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST366 ,\" Privacy, Security and Ethics for Big Data \",\" Evaluates major privacy and security questions raised by big data, Internet of things (IoT), wearables, ubiquitous sensing, social sharing platforms, and other AI-driven systems. Covers history of research ethics and considers how ethical frameworks can and should be applied to digital data. \", INST201 or INST301; or permission of instructor. ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST377 , Dynamic Web Applications ,\" An exploration of the basic methods and tools for developing dynamic, database-driven websites, including acquiring, installing, and running web servers, database servers, and connectability applications. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST126, INST327, STAT100, MATH115, and PSYC100.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST414 , Data Science Techniques ,\" An exploration of how to extract insights from large-scale datasets. The course will cover the complete analytical funnel from data extraction and cleaning to data analysis and insights interpretation and visualization. The data analysis component will focus on techniques in both supervised and unsupervised learning to extract information from datasets. Topics will include clustering, classification, and regression techniques.  Through homework assignments, a project, exams and in-class activities, students will practice working with these techniques and tools to extract relevant information from structured and unstructured data. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST126, INST314, STAT100, MATH115, and PSYC100.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST441 , Information Ethics and Policy ,\" Explores via case studies the legal, ethical, and technological challenges in developing and implementing policies for managing digital assets and information. Emphasizes access questions pertinent to managing sensitive information and the roles and responsibilities of information professionals. \", INST341; or permission of instructor. ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST443 , Tools and Methods for Digital Curation ,\" Introduces students to the application of digital tools and methods in a variety of organizational settings, academic disciplines, and economic sectors. Hands-on experience with digital curation tools is an integral part of the course, and will be provided in the Digital Curation Innovation Center (DCIC). \", Must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in INST341. ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST447 , Data Sources and Manipulation ,\" Examines approaches to locating, acquiring, manipulating, and disseminating data. Imperfection, biases, and other problems in data are examined, and methods for identifying and correcting such problems are introduced. The course covers other topics such as automated collection of large data sets, and extracting, transforming, and reformatting a variety of data and file types. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST126, INST327, STAT100, MATH115, and PSYC100; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST326, CMSC131).   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST462 , Introduction to Data Visualization ,\" Exploration of the theories, methods, and techniques of visualization of information, including the effects of human perception, the aesthetics of information design, the mechanics of visual display, and the semiotics of iconography. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST126, INST314, MATH115, PSYC100, and STAT100.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST464 , Decision Making for Cybersecurity ,\" Discusses human and organizational decision making from a variety of perspectives. Applies different risk assessment and decision making frameworks that are relevant to personal and organization cybersecurity, with a focus on the quantitative Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) model. Considers monetary, social and societal costs of cybersecurity decisions. Considers a range of questions relating to cybersecurity, from whether to install a game on a smartphone to how to allocate scarce information security resources in an organization. \",\" Must have earned a minimum grade of C- in INST201, INST126, MATH115, PSYC100, and INST364.  \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST466 ,\" Technology, Culture, and Society \",\" Individual, cultural, and societal outcomes associated with development of information & communication technologies (ICTs), including pro- and anti-social factors. Unpacking how gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, disabilities, and political affiliations affect consumption and production of online experiences. Unpacking how structures of dominance, power and privilege manifest at individual, institutional and cultural levels. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301).   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST467 , Practical Hacking for Policy Makers ,\" Explores the key issues facing policy makers attempting to manage the problem of cybersecurity from its technical foundations to the domestic and international policy considerations surrounding governance, response, critical infrastructure risk management, and privacy. Designed for students with little to no background in information technology, and will provide the principles to understand the current debates shaping a rapidly evolving security landscape. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in INST126, INST201, INST364, MATH115, STAT100, and PSYC100.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST490 , Integrated Capstone for Information Science ,\" The capstone provides a platform for Information Science students where they can apply a subset of the concepts, methods, and tools they learn as part of the Information Science program to addressing an information problem or fulfilling an information need. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST201, INST301); and minimum grade of C- in INST126, INST311, INST314, INST326, INST327, INST335, INST346, INST352, INST362, PSYC100, STAT100, and MATH115.   \",3,Hard,INST\\nINST604 , Introduction to Archives and Digital Curation ,\" Overview of the principles, practices, and applications in the archival and digital curation fields. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST612 , Information Policy ,\" Nature, structure, development and application of information policy. Interactions of social objectives, stakeholders, technology and other forces that shape policy decisions. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST614 , Literacy and Inclusion , The educational and psychological dimensions of helping and supporting new users to become information literate and experienced users to remain engaged. , None ,3,None,INST\\nINST616 , Open Source Intelligence ,\" An introduction to Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) for Information Professionals. For the purposes of this course, OSINT will be defined as the use of free, publicly available online sources that can be used to gather information that may be later used to conduct analysis or reach conclusions. Students will learn basic and advanced techniques for using search engines, people directories, social media networks, location-based services, images and videos, public records, and other sources. The course will also offer students more technical aspects of open-source information, including domains, IP addresses, and the deep web. Throughout the modules, data quality and validation procedures will be key topics. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST622 , Information and Universal Usability ,\" Information services and technologies to provide equal experiences and outcomes to all users. Laws, standards, approaches, component concepts, access needs, and technologies in relation to physical and online information environments. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST630 , Introduction to Programming for the Information Professional , An introduction to computer programming intended for students with no previous programming experience.  Topics include fundamentals of programming and current trends in user interface implementation that are relevant to information professionals. , None ,3,None,INST\\nINST641 , Policy and Ethics in Digital Curation ,\" Discussion of strategies to address intellectual property, privacy, security and other policy and ethics concerns raised by the curation of digital records and data. \", INST604; or INST640; or permission of instructor.  ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST644 , Introduction to Digital Humanities ,\" A survey of the history, methods, and principal topics of the Digital Humanities, examined from theoretical and applied perspectives. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST646 , Principles of Records and Information Management ,\" Principles and practices of managing records in the context of information management programs in government, corporate and other institutional settings. Includes access; legal requirements; digital technologies; and creation, administration, appraisal, and retention and disposition of records. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST652 , Design Thinking and Youth ,\" Methods of design thinking specifically within and for youth contexts, including user-centered design, understanding user needs, ideation, contextual design, participatory design, iterative prototyping, and visual design. These topics will specifically be studied in the context of designing with and for youth. \", None ,3,None,INST\\nINST706 , Project Management ,\" Comprehensive overview of project management, focusing on the needs of information resource (IR) projects. Concepts and techniques for planning and execution of projects including developing work breakdown structure, estimating costs, managing risks, scheduling, staff and resource allocation, team building, communication, monitoring, control, and other aspects of successful project completion. \", INFM603 and INFM612; or (LBSC631 and LBSC671); or (LBSC635 and LBSC670); or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST711 , Interaction Design Studio ,\" Covers basic interaction design principles and design process from a studio-based design perspective. Focuses on how to design for interactions that will resonate with your audiences: how the features and functions of a project get translated into something people find usable, useful, and desirable. Explores the role of interaction designers. Students design and prototype interactive products, systems, and services. \", Must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in INST631 and INST710. ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST733 , Database Design , Principles of user-oriented database design.  Requirements analysis. Data modelling.  Data integrity and security and multi-user databases. Implementing an information system using a database management system (DBMS). ,\" LBSC690, LBSC671, or INFM603; or permission of instructor.   \",3,Flexible,INST\\nINST736 , Computational Linguistics II ,\" Natural language processing with a focus on corpus-based statistical techniques. Topics include: stochastic language modeling, smoothing, noisy channel models, probabilistic grammars and parsing; lexical acquisition, similarity-based methods, word sense disambiguation, statistical methods in NLP applications; system evaluation. \",\" LING723, CMSC723, or INST735; or permission of instructor.   \",3,Flexible,INST\\nINST737 , Introduction to Data Science ,\" An exploration of some of the best and most general approaches to get the most information out of data through clustering, classification, and regression techniques. \",\" INST627; and (LBSC690, LBSC671, or INFM603). Or permission of instructor.   \",3,Flexible,INST\\nINST742 , Implementing Digital Curation ,\" Management of and technology for application of digital curation principles in specific settings.   Characteristics, representation, conversion, and preservation of digital objects.  Application of standards for digitization, description, and preservation.  Planning for sustainability, risk mitigation and disaster recovery. \", INST604; or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST746 , Digitization of Legacy Holdings ,\" Through hands on exercises and real-world projects, students will learn how to incorporate digitization of analog holdings into an existing archival program and how to link records of different formats and from different collections together. \", INST604.   ,3,Hard,INST\\nINST754 , Data Integration and Preparation for Analytics ,\" Provides a comprehensive overview of the end-to-end processes for acquiring, ingesting, managing, cleansing, transforming and integrating data sources for the purposes of reporting andanalytics. Concepts include data acquisition, data streaming, data staging, standardization, data quality, concept and metadata harmonization, transformation, and data modeling. Students will learn how ingested data sets can be transformed, integrated, and prepared for analytical use. \",\" INFM600, INFM603, INST630, and INST733; or permission of INFO-College of Information Studies. \",3,Flexible,INST\\nINST762 , Visual Analytics ,\" Visual analytics is the use of interactive visual interfaces to facilitate analytical reasoning. In essence, visual analytics is based on the--not uncontroversial--idea that humans and computers working alone are insufficient for the data challenges of today and tomorrow, and that effective synthesis of both humans and computational algorithms are needed to create human-in-the-loop systems. Thus, visual analytics bridges human-centered disciplines such as visualization and human-computer interaction with computation-centered disciplines such as machine learning, probabilistic methods, and knowledge discovery. The course contents will include both theoretical foundations of this interdisciplinary science as well as practical applications of integrated visual analysis techniques on real-world problems. \", INFM603 or INST630; or permission of instructor.  ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST765 , Programming on the Web ,\" Non-programmers will learn basic programming and how to develop familiarity with web formatting and programming paradigms, including XML, REST, APIs, and authentication schemes. The class begins with an introduction to basic programming and students build on those skills by programming applications that use web-based data and services. \",\" INFM603, LBSC690, LBSC671, or INST733; or permission of instructor.   \",3,Flexible,INST\\nINST767 , Big Data Infrastructure , Principles and techniques of data science and business intelligence. Technologies and architectures for large-scale data warehousing and scale-out data analytics platforms. Supervised and unsupervised data mining. , INST737; or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST776 , HCIM CAPSTONE PROJECT ,\" The opportunity to apply the skills learned through coursework in a semester-long project applied to a real -world problem. Capstone projects may follow the design, prototyping and evaluation process from end-to-end or may focus on a subset of elements in that process, such as formative study and design. \", INST775; or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST785 ,\" Documentation, Collection, and Appraisal of Records \", Development of documentation strategies and plans; collecting policies to guide programs in acquiring records; theories and techniques for appraising records to identify those with continuing value. , INST604; or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,INST\\nINST810 , Individual Research Experience , Pre-candidacy individual research experience directed by a faculty member. , None ,3,None,INST\\nMATH107 , Introduction to Math Modeling and Probability ,\" A goal is to convey the power of mathematics as shown by a variety of problems which can be modeled and solved by quantitative means.  Also included is an introduction to probability.  Topics include data analysis, equations, systems of equations, inequalities, elementary linear programming, Venn diagrams, counting, basic probability, permutations, combinations, tree diagrams, standard normal and normal distributions. The mathematics of finance is covered.  The course includes problem solving and decision making in economics, management, and social sciences. \", Must have math eligibility of Math 107 or higher; and math eligibility is based on Math Placement Exam or successful completion of MATH003 with appropriate eligibility.   ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH113 , College Algebra and Trigonometry ,\" Topics include elementary functions including graphs and applications of: polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. Systems of equations and applications. Trigonometric functions: angle and radian measure, graphs and applications. \", Must have math eligibility of MATH113 or higher; and math eligibility is based on the Math Placement Exam or the successful completion of MATH 003 with appropriate eligibility.   ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH115 , Precalculus ,\" Preparation for MATH120, MATH130 or MATH140. Elementary functions and graphs: polynomials, rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, trigonometric functions. Algebraic techniques preparatory for calculus. \", Must have math eligibility of MATH115 or higher; and math eligibility is based on the Math Placement Exam or the successful completion of MATH003 with appropriate eligibility. Or MATH113.  ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH120 , Elementary Calculus I ,\" Basic ideas of differential and integral calculus, with emphasis on elementary techniques of differentiation and applications. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH112, MATH113, MATH115). Or must have math eligibility of MATH120 or higher; and math eligibility is based on the Math Placement Test.   \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH121 , Elementary Calculus II ,\" Differential and integral calculus, with emphasis on elementary techniques of integration and applications. \",\" MATH120, MATH130, MATH136, or MATH140; or must have completed MATH220.   \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH135 , Discrete Mathematics for Life Sciences ,\" Basic discrete mathematics, with emphasis on relevant models and techniques to the life sciences. \", Minimum grade of C- in MATH115; or must have math eligibility of MATH140 or higher; and math eligibility is based on the Math Placement Test.   ,4,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH136 , Calculus for Life Sciences ,\" Continuation of MATH135, including basic ideas of differential integral calculus, with emphasis on elementary techniques and applications to the life sciences. \", Minimum grade of C- in MATH135.   ,4,Hard,MATH\\nMATH140 , Calculus I ,\" Introduction to calculus, including functions, limits, continuity, derivatives and applications of the derivative, sketching of graphs of functions, definite and indefinite integrals, and calculation of area. The course is especially recommended for science, engineering and mathematics majors. \", Minimum grade of C- in MATH115. Or must have math eligibility of MATH140 or higher; and math eligibility is based on the Math Placement Test.   ,4,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH206 , Introduction to Matlab ,\" This course is intended to prepare students for subsequent courses requiring computation with MATLAB. Covers basics of MATLAB including simple commands, variables, solving equations, graphing differentiation and integration, matrices and vectors, functions, M-files and fundamentals of programming in the MATLAB environment. When offered in Winter and Summer terms, the course is offered in a format suitable for online distance learning. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH136, MATH140). \",1,Hard,MATH\\nMATH212 , Elements of Numbers and Operations ,\" Reviews and extends topics of arithmetic and number theory related to the elementary school curriculum, particularly number systems and operations with natural numbers, integers, and rationals. \", Must have completed one year of college preparatory algebra.   ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH213 , Elements of Geometry and Measurement ,\" Properties of geometric objects in two and three dimensions; parallel lines, curves and polygons; ratio, proportion, similarity; transformational geometry and measurement, constructions, justifications and proofs. \", MATH212.   ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH214 , Elements of Probability and Statistics , Permutations and combinations; probability; collecting and representing data; using statistics to analyze and interpret data. , MATH212.   ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH240 , Introduction to Linear Algebra ,\" Basic concepts of linear algebra: vector spaces, applications to line and plane geometry, linear equations and matrices, similar matrices, linear transformations, eigenvalues, determinants and quadratic forms. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH131, MATH141).   \",4,Hard,MATH\\nMATH274 , History of Mathematics , An overview of aspects in the history of mathematics from its beginning in the concrete problem solving of ancient times through the development of abstraction in the 19th and 20th centuries. The course considers both mathematical ideas and the context in which they developed in various civilizations around the world. ,\" MATH120, MATH130, MATH136, or MATH140; or must have completed MATH220. \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH310 , Introduction to Mathematical Proof ,\" To develop the students\\' ability to construct a rigorous proof of a mathematical claim. Students will also be made aware of mathematical results that are of interest to those wishing to analyze a particular mathematical model. Topics will be drawn from logic, set theory, structure of the number line, elementary topology, metric spaces, functions, sequences and continuity. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in MATH141; and must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in MATH240, MATH341, or MATH461; and must have completed or be concurrently enrolled in MATH241 or MATH340.  \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH312 , Mathematical Reasoning and Proof for Pre-Service Middle School Teachers ,\" Reasoning and proof as addressed in the middle school curriculum. Topics include proportional reasoning, logic and proof, types of numbers, field axioms, Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry. \", MATH212 and MATH213.   ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH314 ,\" Introduction to Probability, Data, Analysis and Statistics for Preservice Middle School Teachers \",\" Analysis of bivariate data, probability and randomness, law of large numbers, central limit theorem, probabilities for independent and dependent events, counting techniques, random variables and probability distributions, expected values, sampling distributions, and confidence intervals. \", MATH214.   ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH341 ,\" Multivariable Calculus, Linear Algebra, Differential Equations II (Honors) \", A continuation of MATH340. , Minimum grade of C- in MATH340.   ,4,Hard,MATH\\nMATH401 , Applications of Linear Algebra ,\" Various applications of linear algebra: theory of finite games, linear programming, matrix methods as applied to finite Markov chains, random walk, incidence matrices, graphs and directed graphs, networks and transportation problems. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH461, MATH240, MATH341). \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH402 , Algebraic Structures ,\" For students having only limited experience with rigorous mathematical proofs. Parallels MATH403. Students planning graduate work in mathematics should take MATH403. Groups, rings, integral domains and fields, detailed study of several groups; properties of integers and polynomials. Emphasis is on the origin of the mathematical ideas studied and the logical structure of the subject. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH341, MATH461).   \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH403 , Introduction to Abstract Algebra ,\" Integers; groups, rings, integral domains, fields. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461, MATH340); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH341, MATH241); and minimum grade of C- in MATH310. Or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.  \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH404 , Field Theory ,\" Algebraic and transcendental elements, Galois theory, constructions with straight-edge and compass, solutions of equations of low degrees, insolubility of the quintic equation, Sylow theorems, fundamental theorem of finite Abelian groups. \", Minimum grade of C- in MATH403. ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH405 , Linear Algebra , An abstract treatment of finite dimensional vector spaces. Linear transformations and their invariants. ,\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461, MATH341); and minimum grade of C- in MATH310. \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH406 , Introduction to Number Theory ,\" Integers, divisibility, prime numbers, unique factorization, congruences, quadratic reciprocity, Diophantine equations and arithmetic functions. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH241, MATH246, MATH340, MATH341, MATH461); or permission of CMNS-Mathematics department. \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH410 , Advanced Calculus I ,\" First semester of a year course. Subjects covered during the year are: sequences and series of numbers, continuity and differentiability of real valued functions of one variable, the Riemann integral, sequences of functions and power series. Functions of several variables including partial derivatives, multiple integrals, line and surface integrals. The implicit function theorem. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461, MATH341); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH340, MATH241); and minimum grade of C- in MATH310. Or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH411 , Advanced Calculus II , Continuation of MATH410. , Minimum grade of C- in MATH410; and permission of CMNS-Mathematics department.   ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH416 , Applied Harmonic Analysis: An Introduction to Signal Processing ,\" Introduces students to the mathematical concepts arising in signal analysis from the applied harmonic analysis point of view. Topics include applied linear algebra, Fourier series, discrete Fourier transform, Fourier transform, Shannon Sampling Theorem, wavelet bases, multiresolution analysis, and discrete wavelet transform. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in MATH141; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461, MATH341); and familiarity with MATLAB is required. \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH420 , Mathematical Modeling ,\" The course will develop skills in data-driven mathematical modeling through individual and group projects. Emphasis will be placed on both analytical and computational methods, and on effective oral and written presentation of results. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461, MATH341); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH246, MATH341); and minimum grade of C- in STAT400. And 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (CMSC106, CMSC131); or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.  \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH424 , Introduction to the Mathematics of Finance ,\" Introduction to the mathematical models used in finance and economics with emphasis on pricing derivative instruments. Designed for students in mathematics, computer science, engineering, finance and physics. Financial markets and instruments; elements from basic probability theory; interest rates and present value analysis; normal distribution of stock returns; option pricing; arbitrage pricing theory; the multiperiod binomial model; the Black-Scholes option pricing formula; proof of the Black-Scholes option pricing formula and applications; trading and hedging of options; Delta hedging; utility functions and portfolio theory; elementary stochastic calculus; Ito\\'s Lemma; the Black-Scholes equation and its conversion to the heat equation. \",\" Minimum grade of C- in MATH141; and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (STAT400, STAT410); and permission of CMNS-Mathematics department.   \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH430 , Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometries , Hilbert\\'s axioms for Euclidean geometry. Neutral geometry: the consistency of the hyperbolic parallel postulate and the inconsistency of the elliptic parallel postulate with neutral geometry. Models of hyperbolic geometry. Existence and properties of isometries. ,\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH341, MATH461). \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH437 , Differential Forms ,\" Introduction to differential forms and their applications, and unites the fundamental theorems of multivariable calculus in a general Stokes Theorem that is valid in great generality. It develops this theory and technique to perform calculations in analysis and geometry. Topics include an introduction to topological spaces, the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, Gauss\\'s formula for the linking number, and the Cauchy Integral Theorem. Applications include Maxwell\\'s equations of electromagnetism, connections and gauge theory, and symplectic geometry and Hamiltonian dynamics. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH341, MATH461).   \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH446 , Axiomatic Set Theory ,\" Development of a system of axiomatic set theory, choice principles, induction principles, ordinal arithmetic including discussion of cancellation laws, divisibility, canonical expansions, cardinal arithmetic including connections with the axiom of choice, Hartog\\'s theorem, Konig\\'s theorem, properties of regular, singular and inaccessible cardinals. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH403, MATH410). \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH456 , Cryptography ,\" The theory, application, and implementation of mathematical techniques used to secure modern communications. Topics include symmetric and public-key encryption, message integrity, hash functions, block-cipher design and analysis, number theory, and digital signatures. \",\" (CMSC106, CMSC131, or ENEE150; or equivalent programming experience); and (2 courses from (CMSC330, CMSC351, ENEE324, or ENEE380); or any one of these courses and a 400-level MATH course, or two 400-level MATH courses). Or permission of instructor.   \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH461 , Linear Algebra for Scientists and Engineers ,\" Basic concepts of linear algebra. This course is similar to MATH 240, but with more extensive coverage of the topics needed in applied linear algebra: change of basis, complex eigenvalues, diagonalization, the Jordan canonical form. \", Minimum grade of C- in MATH141; and must have completed any MATH or STAT course with a prerequisite of MATH141.   ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH462 , Partial Differential Equations ,\" Linear spaces and operators, orthogonality, Sturm-Liouville problems and eigenfunction expansions for ordinary differential equations. Introduction to partial differential equations, including the heat equation, wave equation and Laplace\\'s equation. Boundary value problems, initial value problems and initial-boundary value problems. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH246, MATH341). \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH463 , Complex Variables ,\" The algebra of complex numbers, analytic functions, mapping properties of the elementary functions. Cauchy integral formula. Theory of residues and application to evaluation of integrals. Conformal mapping. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340). \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH464 , Transform Methods for Scientists and Engineers ,\" Fourier transform, Fourier series, discrete fast Fourier transform (DFT and FFT). Laplace transform. Poisson summations, and sampling. Optional Topics: Distributions and operational calculus, PDEs, Wavelet transform, Radon transform and applications such as Imaging, Speech Processing, PDEs of Mathematical Physics, Communications, Inverse Problems. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH246, MATH341). \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH470 , Mathematics for Secondary Education ,\" An advanced perspective on some of the core mathematics underlying high school mathematics courses. Topics include number systems, functions of one variable, equations, inequalities, trigonometric functions, curve fitting, and polynomials. The course includes an analysis of alternate approaches to mathematical ideas and problems, and makes connections between ideas that may have been studied separately in different high school and college courses. \",\" MATH141 and MATH140; and must have completed one 400-level MATH course (not to include MATH461, 478, and 480\\'s). \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH475 , Combinatorics and Graph Theory ,\" General enumeration methods, difference equations, generating functions. Elements of graph theory, matrix representations of graphs, applications of graph theory to transport networks, matching theory and graphical algorithms. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH341, MATH461); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH241, MATH340); and permission of CMNS-Mathematics department.  \",3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH601 , Abstract Algebra II ,\" Field theory, Galois theory, multilinear algebra. Further topics from: Dedekind domains, Noetherian domains, rings with minimum condition, homological algebra. \", MATH600. ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH602 , Homological Algebra ,\" Projective and injective modules, homological dimensions, derived functors, spectral sequence of a composite functor. Applications. \", MATH600. ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH620 , Algebraic Number Theory I ,\" Algebraic numbers and algebraic integers, algebraic number fields of finite degree, ideals and units, fundamental theorem of algebraic number theory, theory of residue classes, Minkowski\\'s theorem on linear forms, class numbers, Dirichlet\\'s theorem on units, relative algebraic number fields, decomposition group, inertia group and ramification group of prime ideals with respect to a relatively Galois extension. \", MATH601. ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH631 , Real Analysis II ,\" Abstract measure and integration theory, metric spaces, Baire category theorem and uniform boundedness principle, Radon-Nikodym theorem, Riesz Representation theorem, Lebesgue decomposition, Banach and Hilbert Spaces, Banach-Steinhaus theorem, topological spaces, Arzela-Ascoli and Stone-Weierstrass theorems, compact sets and Tychonoff\\'s theorem. \", MATH630. ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH636 , Representation Theory ,\" Introduction to representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras; initiation into non-abelian harmonic analysis through a detailed study of the most basic examples, such as unitary and orthogonal groups, the Heisenberg group, Euclidean motion groups, the special linear group. Additional topics from the theory of nilpotent Lie groups, semisimple Lie groups, p-adic groups or C-algebras. \", MATH631. ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH660 , Complex Analysis I ,\" Linear transformations, analytic functions, conformal mappings, Cauchy\\'s theorem and applications, power series, partial fractions and factorization, elementary Riemann surfaces, Riemann\\'s mapping theorem. \", MATH410; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH674 , Partial Differential Equations II ,\" Boundary value problems for elliptic partial differential equations via operator-theoretic methods. Hilbert spaces of functions. Duality, weak convergence. Sobolev spaces. Spectral theory of compact operators. Eigenfunction expansions. \", MATH673 or AMSC673; or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH713 , Mathematical Logic II ,\" Incompleteness and undecidability results of Godel, Church, Tarski and others. Recursive function. Basic proof theory and axiomatic set theory. \", MATH712. ,3,Hard,MATH\\nMATH734 , Algebraic Topology ,\" Singular homology and cohomology, cup products, Poincare duality, Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms, Whitehead and Hurewicz theorems, universal coefficient theorem, cellular homology. \", MATH403; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.   ,3,Flexible,MATH\\nMATH740 , Fundamental Concepts of Differential Geometry ,\" Manifolds, tangent vectors and differential forms, Riemannian metrics, connections, curvature, structure equations, geodesics, calculus of variations. \",\" MATH405, MATH411, and MATH730; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. \",3,Flexible,MATH\\nPHSC401 , History of Public Health ,\" Emphasis is on the history of public health in the Western world from antiquity to the present. Also examines the influence of public health developments as they relate to the Western world as well as throughout diverse cultures and societies across the globe.  Analysis focuses on the interaction among Western and non-Western cultures with respect to health issues, including science, policies, prevention and treatment. \", None ,3,None,PHSC\\nPHSC412 ,\" Food, Policy, and Public Health \",\" Broad overview of the impact of food and food policy on public health. Course covers topics such as access to food, food systems, influence of food policies on the individual, the cost of food, influences on food selection, food safety risks and responses, nutrition-related health challenges, and a comparison of US food/nutrition issues with those of other nations. \", Must have completed HLSA300 with a C- or higher.  ,3,Flexible,PHSC\\nPHSC415 ,\" Essentials of Public Health Biology: The Cell, The Individual, and Disease \",\" Presents the basic scientific and biomedical concepts of modern public health problems and explores in depth mechanisms and models of the major categories of disease. The biologic principles presented are foundations to public health disease prevention, control, or management programs. \", Minimum grade of C- in BSCI202.   ,3,Hard,PHSC\\nPHSC440 , Public Health Nutrition ,\" Engages students in conceptual thinking about the relationship between public health and nutritional health. Students will analyze and interpret \"\"A Framework for Public Health Nutrition.\"\" Students will identify determinants of nutritional health, assess nutritional health in individuals and populations, develop strategies to mitigate these issues, and analyze and evaluate public health nutrition policies. \",\" A minimum of C- in BSCI170, BSCI171, CHEM131, CHEM132 and EPIB301.  \",3,Hard,PHSC\\nPHSC497 , Public Health Science Capstone ,\" The capstone course is the culminating experience for Public Health Science students and must be taken only in the final semester of study. The Public Health Science capstone course is designed to challenge students to integrate the five core areas of public health in investigating, researching and addressing public health issues. Throughout the semester, students will be required to evaluate, analyze and synthesize scholarly works as they research and propose solutions to a variety of public health issues. By the conclusion of this research based course, students will understand how the various public health perspectives can combine in addressing and informing public health practices. \", Must have completed the professional writing requirement with a C- or higher; and minimum grade of C- in MIEH400.   ,3,Flexible,PHSC\\nPLCY101 , Great Thinkers on Public Policy ,\" Great ideas in public policy, such as equality, efficiency, sovereignty, liberty, bureaucracy, democracy and security are explored through the lens of great thinkers. An introduction to the intellectual foundations of public policy, from ancient theories on collective public action through the more contemporary development of public policy as a discipline. This may start as early as the ancient Greek philosophers and their views on public action through contemporary classics of public policy. At the conclusion of the course, students will have read classic works in the field and will master the key themes that have dominated the intellectual debates about public policy over its history. Emphasis will be on the interdisciplinary foundations of public policy, through examining core disciplinary contributions from economics, political science, management, philosophy, and other relevant disciplines. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY201 , Public Leaders and Active Citizens ,\" Aims to inspire, teach and engage students in the theory and practice of public leadership from the local to the national to the global level. Students will learn and apply diverse approaches to leadership in a multicultural society while developing an understanding of key frameworks and practices necessary to foster collective action across private, public, and nonprofit sectors. This course will allow students to become informed citizens able to reason critically and persuasively about public matters Students will also explore and assess their own personal values, beliefs, and purpose as they develop their leadership potential. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY215 , Innovation and Social Change: Creating Change for Good ,\" A team-based, highly interactive and dynamic course that provides an opportunity for students to generate solutions to a wide range of problems facing many communities today.  Students in the iGIVE Program will deepen their understanding of entrepreneurship and innovation practices by creating and implementing projects or ventures that address an issue of their choosing while learning topics such as communications, project management, teamwork, leadership, fundraising, project sustainability and next steps in social change. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY301 , Sustainability , Designed for students whose academic majors would be enhanced by the complementary study of a widely shared but hard-to-operationalize aspiration: that present choices should preserve or improve future options rather than foreclose or degrade them. How should we understand sustainability? How might we achieve it? How would we know if we had achieved it? And how could sustainability activists of a rising generation lead by example? , None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY302 , Examining Pluralism in Public Policy ,\" Understanding pluralism and how groups and individuals coexist in society is an essential part of the public policy process. This course will examine the ways in which the diverse experiences of race, gender, ethnicity, class, orientation, identity, and religion impact the understanding of and equitable delivery of public policy. The examination of how identity development shapes our understanding of society and influences the decision-making process is central to students\\' shaping policy that is truly for the people. This course will equip students with the skills needed to analyze pluralism and draw conclusions about the application of various theories to public policy issues. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY303 , Public Economics Raising and Spending the People\\'s Money ,\" Applied course in public finance, including introductions to resource mobilization (including taxation), macroeconomic policy, key public expenditure policies, and government budgetary processes and politics. The course will build on the foundations from ECON 202 to address the specific application of public finance principles to solving public problems. The course will focus on the principles of welfare economics (including market failure), economic principles as applied to particular spending programs and tax choices, and issues and institutions involved in the allocation and management of resources both at a national and subnational level. The focus of the course is on these issues from both a domestic and global perspective. \", ECON200.   ,3,Hard,PLCY\\nPLCY306 , Public Policy Analysis in Action ,\" Utilizes our unique location in the Washington, D.C. region to create a laboratory within which to analyze local, regional, national and international policy problems. Students will be put into teams and assigned to real and timely policy cases. The course will include meetings and field trips with local leaders in the field, ideally connected to the cases. Student will then expand and apply their use of policy analysis and evaluation skills to define those problems, analyze alternative responses, devise appropriate strategies for implementation, and evaluate the success of the proposed policy and implementation. The course will conclude with team presentations to local leaders and faculty. This distinctive course will serve to prepare students for their client- based senior capstone course. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY310 , Nonprofit Leadership and Social Innovation in Action ,\" Furthers students understanding of topics in leadership, social innovation, resource development, community mobilization through networks, and the role of policy making in creating change. This course will further students understanding of the creation and leadership of nonprofits, social ventures, governance and boards; strategic planning and partnerships; advocacy and public policy processes; community outreach; working in teams, effective communications, and cross-sector approaches to scaling up social impact. \", PLCY 213. ,3,Hard,PLCY\\nPLCY311 , Women in Leadership ,\" Examines the role of women in the leadership process including the participation of women as activists, voters, advocates, public leaders and as agents of change through various avenues including, among others, public service (elected and appointed), the media, community service, political organizations, and the nonprofit sector. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY313 , Advocacy in the American Political System , Introduces students to the creation of law through the legislative process with a special focus on the Maryland General Assembly. , None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY400 , Senior Capstone ,\" Public Policy students will take the skills and knowledge gained through their curriculum and apply them through their senior capstone course.  Students will work in teams on problems and issues presented by outside clients, with guidance from faculty facilitators and interaction with the clients.  Each team will work with the client to address a particular problem and produce a mutually agreed upon outcome.  These hands on projects will advance students\\' understanding of the analytical, leadership, communication and problem solving skills necessary to address today\\'s policy problems while allowing them to gain professional level experience that could contribute to their success in their post UMD endeavors.  The course will conclude with an event that allows all teams to present their findings and outcomes to their client while being evaluated by faculty and public policy professionals. \", PLCY306.   ,3,Hard,PLCY\\nPLCY401 , Contemporary Issues in Public Policy ,\" An integrative course that allows policy students to explore the complexities of the policy-making process from the perspective of specific policy topics. They will learn about and discuss subject- based issues in a seminar format led by faculty and policy experts. Site visits to federal agencies, guest speakers, and round table sessions ensure that students receive a variety of real-world perspectives on their chosen policy area. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY610 , Quantitative Aspects of Public Policy ,\" Introduces statistical methods needed for evaluating and choosing among policy options. Topics include probability; decision-making under uncertainty; the organization, interpretation, and visual display of complex data; prediction and inferences about causality; hypothesis testing; and linear and multiple regression. Develops analytical skills and the ability to apply theory to complex, real-world problems. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY611 , Quantitative Analysis of Policy Issues ,\" Study of a series of problems and the development of quantitative techniques to describe or evaluate the problem. The organization and interpretation of complex data and its use for prediction and inference about casual effects. The definition of objectives, trade-offs among objectives, and allocation of resources to meet objectives. Sensitivity of outcomes to changing conditions. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY640 , Microeconomic and Policy Analysis ,\" Applies intermediate microeconomic theory to public policy issues: resource allocation by firms and consumers; the response of economic agents to changes in incentives; market allocations in competitive and non-competitive environments; and market failures and government remedies. Uses extended case studies of particular issues in such areas as the environment (acid rain), international trade (tariffs), industry regulation (cable TV), and the provision of public goods (highways). \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY692 , Leadership Principles and Practices ,\" This course will introduce leadership principles and practices to students by focussing on the theory of leadership, different leadership themes and skills, and discussions with practitioners. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY717 , Federal Budgeting: Policy and Process ,\" Budgeting as a political and administrative instrument of government. Development of budgeting, the multiple uses of the budget, including role in fiscal policy and resource allocation, the roles and relationships of major participants, and effects of resource scarcity on budgeting behavior. Emphasis on the federal level. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY720 , International Security Policy ,\" Reviews the principal features of international security as currently practiced. Traces the evolution of contemporary policy beginning with the initiation of nuclear weapons programs during World War II. Particular emphasis is given to experience of the United States and Russia, since the historical interaction between these two countries has disproportionately affected the international security conditions that all other countries now experience. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY732 , Policy and Politics of Education Reform ,\" Examines education reform in its historical, fiscal, cultural, and lega contexts, and the changing relationship between education and economic opportunity. Focuses on institutional and normative issues, including national standards, public school choice, charter schools, vouchers and funding equity. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY734 , Foundations of Social Policy ,\" Provides an overview of government\\'s role in social policy and the history of the development of federal and state policies with respect to welfare, aging, education, and housing. Analyzes current federal institutions and legislation in the same policy areas and the demographic history of the United States. Develops skills in analytic writing and presentation of descriptive data. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY737 , Strategies of Equality ,\" Concentrates on the institutional and political means by which disadvantaged segments of the United States population have sought to enhance their social, economic and political prospects. Race, gender and disability are the substantive focal points, with considerable attention given to the challanges of African American socio-political uplift. Also explores legislation, litigation, administration, agitation (i.e. protest), and constitutional reform. Students become familiar with alternative conceptions of equality and the modes of argument employed in different institutional and political contexts. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY740 , Public Policy and the Environment ,\" Surveys of major federal environmental legislation; the development and implementation of laws, and alternative ways of thinking about the relationship between humans and the environment. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY742 , Environmental Ethics ,\" Analyzes issues such as the relation between human beings and nature from the perspectives of the science, history, philosophy, and religion. Considers the bases for policies such as environmental regulation, public lands, and international conventions with respect to the environment. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY745 , Human Health and Environmental Policy ,\" Reviews the major human physiological systems and their integrated toxicological functions; considers key bodily defenses; and discusses classic, emerging, and ambiguous risks; in all ecological context. Applies to scientific controversy, the methods of policy formation, such as risk analysis, social-cost analysis, \"\"outcomes\"\" analysis, and decision analysis, all in political-economic context. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY780 , The American Foreign Policy-Making Process , Survey and analysis of the governmental institutions and processes which shape U.S. global engagement on national security and international economic issues. Particular emphasis is given to executive-congressional relations and the broader domestic roots of foreign policy. , None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY781 , International Economic Policy ,\" Issues and choices facing the United States in today\\'s global economy. Primary, but not exclusive, emphasis is given to \"\"competitive interdependence\"\" among advanced industrial societies. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY782 , International Development Economics ,\" Examines key current economic and policy issues for developing and transition economies. Topics include inflation stabilization, fiscal policy, selected trade issues, dealing with international capital flows, the role of multilateral organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and issues relating to saving, investment and growth. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPLCY790 , Project Course ,\" Students work at a sponsoring government agency or private firm researching problem of interest to sponsor and relevant to concentration. Emphasis on problem definition, organizing information, and both oral and written presentation of results. \", None ,3,None,PLCY\\nPSYC123 , The Psychology of Getting Hired , Designed to introduce students to the science behind the hiring process and to prepare individuals with the academic and practical training required.  Together we will explore psychological principles that influence the selection process and how individuals can apply them for the competitive edge that makes others Fear the Turtle! , None ,1,None,PSYC\\nPSYC200 , Statistical Methods in Psychology , A basic introduction to quantitative methods used in psychological research. ,\" PSYC100. And 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH107, MATH111, MATH120, MATH130, MATH136, MATH140, STAT100); or must have completed MATH220 with a minimum grade of C-.   \",3,Flexible,PSYC\\nPSYC221 , Social Psychology ,\" The influence of social factors on the individual and on interpersonal behavior. Includes topics such as conformity, attitude change, person perception, interpersonal attraction, and group behavior. \", PSYC100. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC300 , Research Methods in Psychology Laboratory ,\" A general introduction and overview to the fundamental theoretical, conceptual, and practical issues in psychological research in both the laboratory and the field. \", PSYC200.   ,4,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC301 , Biological Basis of Behavior ,\" Recent advances in neuroscience are radically changing our understanding of how the brain works. The course first introduces the structure of the nervous system and the electrical and chemical signals at the core of brain function. Students then explore how the nervous system gathers and makes sense of information from the world around us. The last portion of the course focuses on plasticity, the concept that our brains are constantly changing, and its implications for nervous system development, memory, sexual behavior, sleep, and other complex behaviors. \", PSYC100. And BSCI170 and BSCI171; or BSCI105. ,3,Flexible,PSYC\\nPSYC302 , Fundamentals of Learning and Behavior ,\" Overview of the fundamental types of learning that occur without formal instruction. The course covers fundamentals of classical and instrumental conditioning as studied in a variety of species in addition to more modern theories of learning. We will then explore how these principles influence diverse processes such as memory, attention, extinction, categorization, motivation, and in some cases, how they are implemented in the brain and disrupted in disease. \", PSYC100. And BSCI170 and BSCI171; or BSCI105.  ,3,Flexible,PSYC\\nPSYC303 , Professional Development for Psychology Majors ,\" An investigation of various career and graduate school opportunities available to psychology majors. Students will learn about a wide range of career fields, will learn how to utilize available resources to pursue career goals, and will take steps to advance their professional identity and development. \", PSYC100; and must have completed 3 additional credits in PSYC courses. Or permission of BSOS-Psychology department.  ,1,Flexible,PSYC\\nPSYC330 , Child Psychopathology ,\" Etiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of emotional disorders of childhood and adolescence. \", PSYC100.   ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC334 , Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships ,\" Research, theory and their practical applications pertaining to the development, maintenance and dissolution of human relationships. Processes critical to successful relating (e.g., communication, bargaining, conflict resolution), and issues associated with troubled dyadic relations with equal partners (e.g., jealousy, spouse abuse, divorce). \", PSYC100. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC336 , Psychology of Women ,\" A survey of the biology, life span development, socialization, personality, mental health, and special issues of women. \", PSYC100.   ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC341 , Introduction to Memory and Cognition ,\" An introduction to the basic concepts of cognitive psychology, the scientific study of mental processes. Topics will include perception, attention, memory, reasoning, and language, with an emphasis on how findings from cognitive psychology can inform real-life thinking (e.g., memory strategies for studying, pitfalls of multitasking, and how/why our memories can fail us). \", PSYC200 and PSYC300. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC353 , Adult Psychopathology ,\" The nature, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of mental disorders. \", PSYC100.   ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC354 , Multicultural Psychology in the U.S. ,\" What are the psychological implications of racism, sexism, homophobia and other structures of inequality in the United States? How do socio-cultural privilege and oppression influence individual and group thoughts, feelings, and behaviors? This course will take a current events focus to understanding multicultural and social justice issues in psychology with an emphasis on self-reflection, mental health, cross-cultural communication, and strategies for social change. \", PSYC100. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC355 , Developmental Psychology ,\" Survey of research and theory of psychological development from conception through childhood, stressing physiological, conceptual and behavioral changes, and the social and biological context in which individuals develop. \", PSYC100. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC361 , Survey of Industrial and Organizational Psychology ,\" A general survey of the field of industrial organizational psychology including such topics as organizational entry (recruitment, selection, training, socialization); organizational psychology (motivation, leadership, job attitudes); and productivity in the work place (performance appraisal, absenteeism, turnover). The role that the larger environment plays in influencing work behaviors and work attitudes. \", PSYC100. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC362 , Introduction to Negotiation , Overview of the field of negotiation and the social-psychological and contextual factors that facilitate and inhibit successful negotiation agreements. Students will engage in a variety of negotiation exercises individually and as a team. , PSYC221 or PSYC361; or permission of BSOS-Psychology department.   ,3,Flexible,PSYC\\nPSYC401 , Biological Bases of Behavior Laboratory ,\" Students will study some of the key concepts in neuroscience by combining behavioral experiments with electrode recording from neurons controlling the behaviors. We will intensively examine concepts like creation of rhythmic behaviors (walking, flight), neurotransmitters control of aggression, drug affects on synaptic activity, high-speed neural circuits for effective escape from predators, and CNS maps in the visual system for directing prey capture. Students will learn microsurgery and a broad range of neural recording techniques. We work with animals (invertebrates, cold-blooded vertebrates) every week. A strong biology background will be beneficial. \", PSYC300; and (PSYC301 or BSCI353).   ,4,Flexible,PSYC\\nPSYC406 , Neuroethology , A merger between the disciplines of neuroscience and ethology (animal behavior) studies the behavioral functions of nervous systems using a comparative and evolutionary approach. Students will learn how the nervous system controls behavioral patterns in a variety of different organisms ranging from insects to mammals. , PSYC301.   ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC420 , Experimental Psychology: Social Psychology Laboratory , A laboratory course to provide a basic understanding of experimental method in social psychology and experience in conducting research on social processes. , PSYC300 and PSYC221.   ,4,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC424 , Communication and Persuasion , Effect of social communication upon behavior and attitudes. Theory and research concerning attitude change and social influence. , PSYC221 and PSYC200. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC425 , Psychology and Law ,\" An introduction to the intersection of psychology and the criminal justice sytem, known as the field of legal psychology. The material covered will span the course of the criminal justice process and examine each aspect from a psychological perspective beginning with profiling and moving on to eyewitness memory and judgements through perpetrator memories and interrogation techniques. These apsects will be evaluated with a research lens as well as an applied outlook. \",\" PSYC100, PSYC200, and PSYC300.   \",3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC432 ,\" Counseling Psychology: Theories, Research, and Practice \", Analysis of research and intervention strategies developed and used by counseling psychologists. Historical and current trends in content and methodology. , PSYC200. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC433 , Basic Helping Skills: Research and Practice ,\" Theories and research regarding effective helping relationships, with a focus on applications to counseling and psychotherapy. Students will practice helping skills with each other and will conduct research projects evaluating their helping skills. Students should be willing to talk about personal issues in class. Attendance in labs is mandatory and contributes to the course grade; thus, students should only enroll in a lab section that they will be able to attend consistently. \", PSYC300.   ,4,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC436 , Introduction to Clinical Psychology: From Science to Practice ,\" Critical analysis of clinical psychology, with particular emphasis on current developments and trends. \", PSYC300. ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC437 , The Assessment and Treatment of Addictive Behaviors ,\" Explores the current research in assessment and treatment of addictive behaviors. Topics may include addictions in the areas of alcohol, drugs, nicotine, gambling, and eating. \", PSYC100; and 9 credits in PSYC courses.   ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC602 , Quantitative Methods II ,\" A continuation of PSYC 601. Topics include experimental design, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, multiple regression, and general linear models. \", PSYC601. ,4,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC603 , Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology ,\" Advanced survey of industrial-organizational psychology, including selection, training, motivation, group processes, leadership, organizational psychology, and organizational theory. Readings stressed and seminar time will be used for lectures, discussion and integration of the reading materials. \", None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC604 , Fundamentals of Social Psychology ,\" A survey of classic and contemporary theories, research and methods in social psychology. \", None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC622 , Research Methods in Clinical Psychology ,\" Examines issues and strategies in conceptual systems, designs and methodologies of current research in clinical and community psychology. Readings include critical analyses of published research. Course requirements include preparation of a research proposal for a thesis level study. \", None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC623 , Child Psychopathology , Examines the scientific and clinical literature relevant to normal and pathological behavior in children and adolescents. Issues in developmental psychopathology and consideration of processes initiated in childhood which manifest as pathology in adulthood are also considered. , None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC625 ,\" Clinical Assessment: Psychometric Principles, Testing and Behavior \", An examination of fundamental principles of psychological assessment; application of these principles to the development of evidence-based assessments of clinical conditions and associated behaviors; and application of evidence-based assessments to the evaluation and understanding of clinical conditions evaluated and treated in therapeutic settings. , None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC630 , Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Adults ,\" Introduces students to the process of therapy with particular focus on behavioral focus on behavioral and cognitive behavioral internentions. Syllabus focuses on theory, research, client diversity, ehtics, and practical aspects of conducting therapy. \", PSYC680.   ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC632 , Behavioral and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Children and Adolescents ,\" Introduces students to the process of therapy with particular focus on behavioral and cognitive behavioral interventions in children and adolescents. Syllabus focuses on theory, research, client diversity, ethics and practical aspects of conducting therapy. \", None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC652 , Analytical Thinking: Statistical Methods at Work ,\" Personal and organizational growth begins with asking and answering great questions. Correspondingly, this course begins with demonstrations of how to translate business questions into research questions. Statistical methods used to answer business questions are taught first conceptually, then computationally using statistical software. This course emphasizes interpreting results, the regression model, and other issues salient to business research, such as handling large datasets. Students will be provided with a simulated dataset that they will use in learning how to frame and answer business questions using the techniques covered in this course. At the conclusion of this course, students will be required to provide an executive-level presentation on the business question, their findings, and resulting implications. \", None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC654 , Advanced Analytical Thinking: Statistical Methods at Work II ,\" Students will delve deeply into issues of interpreting and questioning analytic results. Students will learn how to creatively present empirical results in ways that grab the attention of, and are clear to, a variety of stakeholders. Students will present group projects in two presentations, one to the rest of the class (technical audience) and one to an expert panel of practitioners. Finally, this course will introduce students conceptually to a number of advanced statistical methods, such as meta-analysis and structural equation modeling. \", PSYC652 and PSYC653.   ,3,Hard,PSYC\\nPSYC655 , Talent Development ,\" In this course, students will learn how to design and implement effective employee training programs as well as how to encourage informal learning in organizations. This course will review current theories in adult learning (e.g., ADDIE model, action learning, peer feedback/coaching), several popular assessment tools (e.g., MBTI), and best practices for evaluating training programs. Issues relevant to leadership identification and development, including succession planning, will also be covered. As part of this course, students will work in teams to design and deliver a brief training module and practice giving and receiving feedback. Additionally, students will complete, and facilitate a debriefing on, a 360-degree feedback assessment. \", None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC691 , Research in Counseling Psychology II , Critical analysis of trends and issues in counseling psychology science. , None ,3,None,PSYC\\nPSYC737 , Research Methods in Industrial/Organizational Psychology ,\" Philosophy, theory, and method issues underlying I/O psychology. History and the effectiveness of different methods for answering different questions is explored. Reliability and validity are emphasized. \", PSYC603; or permission of instructor. ,3,Flexible,PSYC\\nSPHL100 , Foundations of Public Health ,\" An overview of the goals, functions, and methods of public health. After an introduction to the core concepts and tools used in public health research and practice, applications of these methodologies are considered in the context of current controversies/problems in public health.  Students work together to develop strategies for prevention and control that take into consideration different points of view, outside research, and impacts on individuals and communities. \", None ,3,None,SPHL\\nSPHL291 ,\" Can we move beyond medication? Examining yoga, mindfulness and other nontraditional practices for health and wellbeing \",\" Does yoga improve the health of wounded warriors and/or breast cancer survivors? Can mindfulness enhance your business success and family relationships, or is it social media hype? Do you know what reflexology is, and does it help reduce your personal stress level? Increasing numbers of people are using nutritional supplements, meditation, yoga and other forms of exercise, acupuncture and experiences in nature to reduce stress levels and improve overall health and well-being.  In the media, scientists to celebrities have alternately endorsed or rejected claims about how these and other nontraditional health practices benefit health and well-being. Students will sample some of these nontraditional health practices and explore whether these practices can enhance their own well-being. General scientific methods for health research will be introduced and students will use this knowledge to evaluate the existing scientific research on these practices. Students will also evaluate whether popular and media translation of scientific research on these practices is fact-based. \", None ,3,None,SPHL\\nSPHL333 , Fundamentals of Undergraduate Teaching for Education Assistants and Mentors (UTEAM) ,\" Supports the professional and personal development of UG students in the UTEAM program. Must be completed concurrently with the first semester of providing UTEAM support to a specific course.UTEAM members are dedicated student learners who provide peer education support for specific course as part of the teaching team and emphasizes: 1) introduction to teaching, learning, literature and practice, 2) collaboration with other UTEAM members, faculty and staff as a learning community, and 3) reflection on the knowledge and skills developed through course participation. \", None ,1,None,SPHL\\nSPHL600 , Foundations of Public Health ,\" An overview of the goals, functions, and methods of public health. After an introduction to the core concepts and tools used in public health research and practice, applications of these methodologies are considered in the context of current controversies/problems in public health.  Students work together to develop strategies for prevention and control that taken into consideration different points of view, outside research, and impacts on individuals and communities. \", None ,3,None,SPHL\\nSPHL610 ,\" Program and Policy Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation \",\" This second course in the MPH/MHA integrated core sequence will prepare students to engage in the important tasks of assessing population and patient needs, implementing and evaluating culturally appropriate public health programs, policies, and interventions, and pursuing appropriate resources to support activities through the policy process and via effective use of power in the face of competing interests. The course will be a mix of individual and team-based assignments based upon an existing or newly identified problem, in addition to case studies, interactive simulations, and applied writing assignments. \", None ,5,None,SPHL\\nSPHL611 , Public Health Ethics , Overview and discussion of ethical issues that face public health practitioners. , Must have completed SPHL601; or permission of instructor.   ,1,Flexible,SPHL\\nSPHL612 , Research Ethics , Overview and discussion of ethical issues that face public health researchers. , None ,1,None,SPHL\\nSTAT100 , Elementary Statistics and Probability ,\" Simplest tests of statistical hypotheses; applications to before-and-after and matched pair studies. Events, probability, combinations, independence. Binomial probabilities, confidence limits. Random variables, expected values, median, variance. Tests based on ranks. Law of large numbers, normal approximation. Estimates of mean and variance. \",\" MATH110, MATH112, MATH113, or MATH115; or permission of CMNS-Mathematics department; or must have math eligibility of STAT100 or higher and math eligibility is based on the Math Placement Exam or the successful completion of Math 003 with appropriate eligibility.  \",3,Flexible,STAT\\nSTAT400 , Applied Probability and Statistics I ,\" Random variables, standard distributions, moments, law of large numbers and central limit theorem. Sampling methods, estimation of parameters, testing of hypotheses. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH131, MATH141); or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department.   \",3,Flexible,STAT\\nSTAT401 , Applied Probability and Statistics II ,\" Point estimation - unbiased and consistent estimators. Interval estimation. Minimum variance and maximum likelihood estimators. Testing of hypotheses. Regression, correlation and analysis of variance. Sampling distributions. Elements of non-parametric methods. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (STAT400, STAT410).   \",3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT410 , Introduction to Probability Theory , Probability and its properties. Random variables and distribution functions in one and several dimensions. Moments. Characteristic functions. Limit theorems. ,\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461, MATH341); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH340, MATH241).   \",3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT420 , Theory and Methods of Statistics ,\" Point estimation, sufficiency, completeness, Cramer-Rao inequality, maximum likelihood. Confidence intervals for parameters of normal distribution. Hypothesis testing, most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests. Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, regression, correlation. Nonparametric methods. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (SURV410, STAT410).   \",3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT426 , Introduction to Data Science and Machine Learning , An introductory course to the recent developments in the fields of data science and machine learning. Emphasis will be given to mathematical and statistical understanding of commonly used methods and processes. ,\" Minimum grade of C- in MATH241 or MATH340; and minimum grade of C- in MATH240,  MATH461 or MATH341;  and minimum grade of C- in STAT400 or STAT410;  students who have taken courses with content comparable to STAT400/410 may request permission of the instructor.  \",3,Flexible,STAT\\nSTAT430 , Introduction to Statistical Computing with SAS ,\" Descriptive and inferential statistics. SAS software: numerical and graphical data summaries; merging, sorting and splitting data sets. Least squares, regression, graphics and informal diagnostics, interpreting results.  Categorical data, lifetime data, time series. Applications to engineering, life science, business and social science. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (STAT400, STAT410). \",3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT440 , Sampling Theory ,\" Simple random sampling. Sampling for proportions. Estimation of sample size. Sampling with varying probabilities. Sampling: stratified, systematic, cluster, double, sequential, incomplete. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (STAT401, STAT420).   \",3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT464 , Introduction to Biostatistics , Probabilistic models. Sampling. Some applications of probability in genetics. Experimental designs. Estimation of effects of treatments. Comparative experiments. Fisher-Irwin test. Wilcoxon tests for paired comparisons. , Must have completed one semester of calculus.  ,3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT470 , Actuarial Mathematics ,\" Major mathematical ideas involved in calculation of life insurance premiums, including compound interest and present valuation of future income streams; probability distribution and expected values derived from life tables; the interpolation of probability distributions from values estimated at one-year multiples; the \\'Law of Large Numbers\\' describing the regular probabilistic behavior of large populations of independent individuals; and the detailed calculation of expected present values arising in insurance problems. \",\" 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH240, MATH461, MATH341); and 1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (MATH340, MATH241).   \",3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT601 , Probability Theory II , Weak convergence of measures; characteristic functions; Central Limit Theorem and local limit theorem; stable laws; Kolmogorov consistency theorem (without proof); conditional expectations and martingales; optimal stopping theorem; convergence of martingales; Brownian motion; Markov processes and families; stochastic integral and Ito formula. , STAT600. ,3,Hard,STAT\\nSTAT650 , Applied Stochastic Processes ,\" Basic concepts of stochastic processes. Markov processes (discrete and continuous parameters), Random walks, Poisson processes, Birth and death processes. Renewal processes and basic limit theorems. Discrete time martingales, stopping times, optional sampling theorem. Applications from theories of stochastic epidemics, survival analysis and others. \", STAT410; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. ,3,Flexible,STAT\\nSTAT701 , Mathematical Statistics II ,\" Testing hypotheses: parametric methods. Neyman-Pearson lemma. Uniformly most powerful tests. Unbiased tests. Locally optimal tests. Large sample theory, asymptotically best procedures. Nonparametric methods, Wilcoxon, Fisher-Yates, median tests. Linear models, analysis of variance, regression and correlation. Sequential analysis. \", STAT700; or students who have taken courses with comparable content may contact the department. ,3,Flexible,STAT\\nSTAT730 , Time Series Analysis ,\" The methodology of probabilistic description and statistical analysis of (primarily stationary) random sequences and processes. Correlation functions, Gaussian processes, Hilbert-space methods including Wold decomposition and spectral representation, periodogram and estimation of spectral densities, parameter estimation and model identification for ARMA processes, linear filtering, Kalman-Bucy filtering, sampling theorems for continuous-time series, multivariate time series. \", STAT700; and must have completed a graduate course in analysis. Or permission of instructor.   ,3,Flexible,STAT\\nSTAT741 , Linear Statistical Models II ,\" Continuation of STAT 740. Multiway layouts, incomplete designs, Latin squares, complete and fractional factorial designs, crossed and nested models. Balanced random effects models, mixed models, repeated measures.General mixed model, computational algorithms, ML and REML estimates. Generalized linear models, logistic and loglinear regression. \", STAT740. ,3,Hard,STAT\\nURSP600 , Research Design and Application ,\" Techniques in urban research, policy analysis, and planning. Survey of descriptive and normative models. Objective and subjective measurements. Emphasis on assumptions of research. \", None ,3,None,URSP\\nURSP601 , Research Methods ,\" Use of measurement, statistics, quantitative analysis, and micro-computers in urban studies and planning. \", None ,3,None,URSP\\nURSP604 , The Planning Process , Legal framework for U.S. planning; approaches to the planning process; tools and technology; systems thinking; defining problems and issues; soliciting goals and values; developing and making good presentations; public participation; developing and evaluating alternatives and scenarios; plan evaluation; developing RFPs. , None ,3,None,URSP\\nURSP606 , Planning Economics ,\" Resource allocation in a market economy, the nature of market failures, and the justifications for public sector intervention. The limits and possibilities for planning in a market economy. \", None ,3,None,URSP\\nURSP631 , Transportation and Land Use ,\" The interrelationship between transportation and land use. What are the impacts of various transportation modes on land use patterns, and how can land use solutions influence travel demand. The integration of transportation into master planning and site impact analysis. Using quantitative methods to understand the land use and transportation linkage. \", None ,3,None,URSP\\nURSP661 , City and Regional Economic Development Planning ,\" Spatial patterns of employment and populations, and models of urban and regional growth and decline. Focus on application of economic theory and urban planning techniques to issues of local economic development and planning. \", URSP606 or URSP660.   ,3,Flexible,URSP\\nURSP805 , Seminar in Research Design ,\" Addresses fundamental aspects of research desing for Ph.D students in urban planning and policy-related fields. Topics include principles of research design, formulating a feasible hypothesis and identifying appropriate methodology for testing hypotheses eg. qualitative methods, quantitative methods, survey research. Writing of proposals and dissertation. Publication, presentation, and funding. \", URSP804 and URSP810. ,3,Hard,URSP\\n'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# go up a level (`..`) and look for the `Project 4 Dataset` folder\n",
    "directions = './data'\n",
    "# this is the name of the file you are looking for\n",
    "filename = 'testudo_fall2020.csv'\n",
    "fpath = f'{directions}/{filename}'\n",
    "f = open(fpath, 'r')\n",
    "f.read()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "bbhPh_pHWUrf"
   },
   "source": [
    "When there is *any* mismatch between your directions and the real world, Python will choke and give you the `FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: ...`\n",
    "\n",
    "Many of you have been facing problems with Files that were variants of this problem.\n",
    "- Your mental model of where the file is was correct, but you were missing or misspelling one or more elements in the path\n",
    "- Your mental model of where the file is was inccorrect\n",
    "\n",
    "The general fix is to remove the mismatch between your directions and the real world. The specifics depends on the nature of the mismatch, which you need to diagnose, like a doctor! Make yes/no hypotheses, a means to test them, and rule them out one by one until you come to the right diagnosis."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "ename": "FileNotFoundError",
     "evalue": "[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '../Project 3 Sample datasets/colors'",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mFileNotFoundError\u001b[0m                         Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/xz/_hjc5hsx743dclmg8n5678nc0000gn/T/ipykernel_29873/2832678480.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfilename\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'colors'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfpath\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34mf'{directions}/{filename}'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 6\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mopen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfpath\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m'r'\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlines\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mread\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msplitlines\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      8\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlines\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
      "\u001b[0;31mFileNotFoundError\u001b[0m: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '../Project 3 Sample datasets/colors'"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# go up a level (`..`) and look for the `Project 4 Dataset` folder\n",
    "directions = '../Project 3 Sample datasets'\n",
    "# this is the name of the file you are looking for\n",
    "filename = 'colors'\n",
    "fpath = f'{directions}/{filename}'\n",
    "f = open(fpath, 'r')\n",
    "lines = f.read().splitlines()\n",
    "lines"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "MKRiDOklsetz"
   },
   "source": [
    "## Importing and using libraries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "l2gfEzKViujS"
   },
   "source": [
    "### What is a library?\n",
    "\n",
    "You can think of a library is a **collection of functions and data structures**. You *import* a library (or subsets of it) into your program / notebook so you have access to special functions or data structures in your program.\n",
    "\n",
    "You are already using Python's standard library, which includes built-in functions like `print()`, and built-in data structures like `str` and `dict`. Every time you fire up Python, these are \"imported\" into your program in the background.\n",
    "\n",
    "As you advance in your programming career, you will often find that you want to solve some (sub)problems that others have tried to do, and wrote a collection of functions and/or data structures to solve those problems really well, and saved that collection into a library that others can use. Take advantage of this!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "u7jmcWXJsw7l"
   },
   "source": [
    "### \"importing\" a library: mechanics"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "iwVuI5GmszeR"
   },
   "source": [
    "Here's what it looks like to import a library and use it, conceptually with a \"fake\" library, and with the pandas library"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "3mp-JCPQs87F"
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/firescript-577a2.appspot.com/o/imgs%2Fapp%2Fmegacoglab%2F0P_oLpCNzy.png?alt=media&token=0908b80b-a761-4588-85b5-7c87bee6bf0e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "d0xPjQu2s9RF"
   },
   "source": [
    "We often want to import libraries with \"as\"\n",
    "\n",
    "The name after `as` is sort of like a variable name; usually we do that if the library name is clunky, or might conflict with variable names we want to use\n",
    "\n",
    "For pandas, by convention people usually import it `as pd`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "zUfoA-0etIkg"
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/firescript-577a2.appspot.com/o/imgs%2Fapp%2Fmegacoglab%2FLJ66aL66zf.png?alt=media&token=e0ae487c-910f-48bc-a8f2-ac42424009a9)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "wArN5QpYtck8"
   },
   "source": [
    "Let's do that quickly to illustrate."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "p_bX2Zdhtfs0"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "hTidhAj42g0a"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "pd."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "id": "K6uz_naEvke3"
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "file = '/content/drive/My Drive/_Teaching/INST126/INST126_Materials/_Lectures/INST courses.csv'\n",
    "df = pd.read_csv(file)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "id": "_Bq_hzfrwLdS"
   },
   "source": [
    "File we're playing with is [here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mOEF5mGu810pCNPh73fK1UDslU6OW8bb/view?usp=sharing). "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "colab": {
     "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
     "height": 580
    },
    "executionInfo": {
     "elapsed": 584,
     "status": "ok",
     "timestamp": 1619442311348,
     "user": {
      "displayName": "Joel Chan",
      "photoUrl": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GiBPPpBf_QqgDL3pMurAsPu9WJJE_x_6UtgW13UFQ=s64",
      "userId": "15153559228409906865"
     },
     "user_tz": 240
    },
    "id": "1A4nn6EKwXbT",
    "outputId": "91b0269e-4780-40d1-e4aa-a6db87c8f931",
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Code</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Description</th>\n",
       "      <th>Prereqs</th>\n",
       "      <th>Credits</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST126</td>\n",
       "      <td>Introduction to Programming for Information Sc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>An introduction to computer programming for st...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Minimum grade of C- in MATH115; or must have m...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST201</td>\n",
       "      <td>Introduction to Information Science</td>\n",
       "      <td>Examining the effects of new information techn...</td>\n",
       "      <td>None</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST311</td>\n",
       "      <td>Information Organization</td>\n",
       "      <td>Examines the theories, concepts, and principle...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Must have completed or be concurrently enrolle...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST314</td>\n",
       "      <td>Statistics for Information Science</td>\n",
       "      <td>Basic concepts in statistics including measure...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Must have completed or be concurrently enrolle...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST326</td>\n",
       "      <td>Object-Oriented Programming for Information Sc...</td>\n",
       "      <td>An introduction to programming, emphasizing un...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST327</td>\n",
       "      <td>Database Design and Modeling</td>\n",
       "      <td>Introduction to databases, the relational mode...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (CMSC...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST335</td>\n",
       "      <td>Teams and Organizations</td>\n",
       "      <td>Team development and the principles, methods a...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST346</td>\n",
       "      <td>Technologies Infrastructure and Architecture</td>\n",
       "      <td>Examines the basic concepts of local and wide-...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST352</td>\n",
       "      <td>Information User Needs and Assessment</td>\n",
       "      <td>Focuses on use of information by individuals, ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1 course with a minimum grade of C- from (INST...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>INST354</td>\n",
       "      <td>Decision-Making for Information Science</td>\n",
       "      <td>Examines the use of information in organizatio...</td>\n",
       "      <td>INST314.</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Code  ... Credits\n",
       "0  INST126  ...     3.0\n",
       "1  INST201  ...     3.0\n",
       "2  INST311  ...     3.0\n",
       "3  INST314  ...     3.0\n",
       "4  INST326  ...     3.0\n",
       "5  INST327  ...     3.0\n",
       "6  INST335  ...     3.0\n",
       "7  INST346  ...     3.0\n",
       "8  INST352  ...     3.0\n",
       "9  INST354  ...     3.0\n",
       "\n",
       "[10 rows x 5 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {
      "tags": []
     },
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "df.head(10) # show me the top 10 rows in the dataframe"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "emails = [\"joelchan@umd.edu\", \"sarah@umd.edu\"]\n",
    "target_email = \"rk@umd.edu\"\n",
    "if target_email in emails:\n",
    "    print(\"Found it!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'12345'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "string = \"12345678\"\n",
    "string[0:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"a\"]\n",
    "sensitive_words = [\"a\", \"c\"]\n",
    "# make a count variable (int)\n",
    "count = 0\n",
    "# go through list of sensitive words (list of string) \n",
    "for s_word in sensitive_words:\n",
    "    # count occurences of sensitive word (element) in words (list)\n",
    "    this_count = words.count(s_word)\n",
    "    # add to our count\n",
    "    count += this_count\n",
    "count"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# count occurences of sensitive word (element) in words (list)\n",
    "s_word = \"a\"\n",
    "words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"a\"]\n",
    "words.count(s_word)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "colab": {
   "collapsed_sections": [],
   "name": "INST126_SP21_Week14_Pandas-1.ipynb",
   "provenance": [
    {
     "file_id": "1kJy7BqKo1Edp7m9QOPL43MWZ5VRsTzXl",
     "timestamp": 1606742957063
    }
   ],
   "toc_visible": true
  },
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.9.7"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 1
}