glgraph

#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# Name:		GLgraph
#
# Version:	0.2.5
#
# License:	GPL
#
# 2002/05/08	Jonas Jermann <jjermann@gmx.ch>
#               David Gunzinger <david@zhadum.ch>
#
#
################################################################################
#
# M O D U L E S

use OpenGL ":old",":glutfunctions",":gluconstants",":functions";
use strict; no strict "subs";
eval {use Math::Trig;} or warn "No trigonometrical function support found...\n";
use Getopt::Long;
use Time::HiRes qw (gettimeofday tv_interval usleep);

################################################################################
#
# M A I N

# Variables
use vars qw(%options %time @lookat @geometry @tri2d @tri3d @yreal $xres_real $zres_real $time_real $n $z $t $zsize $tsize $PI);

options();
commandline();
init();
if ($options{mode} <=1) { reset_all(7); }
else { reset_all(15); }
glutMainLoop;

################################################################################
#
# S U B

# VERSION
sub version {
    my $version_string =  "0.2.6";
    print "GLgraph version $version_string\n";
    exit;
}


# RESIZE (reset -> only 2)
sub resize {
    ($options{width},$options{height})=@_;
    glViewport(0, 0, $options{width}, $options{height});
    if ($options{mode} <=1 ) { reset_all(4); }
    else { reset_all(12); }
}


# RESET
sub reset_all {
    # Variables (Space)
    if ($_[0] & 1) {
        $z = $options{zmin};
        $zsize = 0;
    }

    # Variables (Time)
    if ($_[0] & 2) {
        $t = $options{tmin};
        $tsize = 0;
    }
            
    # GL reinit
    if ($_[0] & 4) {
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
        glLoadIdentity();
        glOrtho($options{xmin},$options{xmax},$options{ymin},$options{ymax},$options{zmin},$options{zmax});
    }
    
    # Standard view
    if ($_[0] & 8) {
        if (@lookat) { gluLookAt(@lookat); }
        else {
            glRotatef(50, 5, -0.5, 0.0);
            glScalef(0.8,0.8,0.8);
        }
    }

    # Delete all display lists
    if ($_[0] & 16) {
        glDeleteLists(1,$options{tres});
    }
}


# MAIN DISPLAY
sub display {
    if ($_[0]) {
        if (!$options{anim}) { reset_all(16); }

        # calculate display list if non-existing
        if (!glIsList($tsize+1)) {
            glNewList(($tsize+1), GL_COMPILE);
                if ($options{clearg}) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); }
                else { glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); }
                glColor3f(0.8,0.8,0.8);
                if    ($options{mode} == 1) { display_2d(); }
                elsif ($options{mode} == 2) { display_3dwire(); }
                elsif ($options{mode} == 3) { display_3d(); }
                if    (($options{axis} > 0) and ($options{mode} > 0)) { display_axis(); }
            glEndList();
        }

        # fps corrections
        if (($time{frame}) and (tv_interval($time{frame})<(1/$options{fps}))) {
            select(undef, undef, undef, (1/$options{fps}-tv_interval($time{frame})));
        }

        # display and flush
        glCallList($tsize+1);
        glFlush();
        glutSwapBuffers();

        $time{frame} = [gettimeofday];

        # Save all frames and exit if specified
        screenshot() if ($options{save});
        exit() if (($options{save}) and (($tsize+1)==$options{tres}));
    }
}


# PREVIEW
sub preview {
    if (($xres_real) and (($_[0]==0) or ($_[0]==2))) {
        $options{xres}=$xres_real;
        $options{zres}=$zres_real;
        $xres_real=0;
        $zres_real=0;
        reset_all(1);
    }
    elsif ((!$xres_real) and (($_[0]==1) or ($_[0]==2))) {
        $xres_real=$options{xres};
        $zres_real=$options{zres};
        $options{xres}=20;
        $options{zres}=20;
        reset_all(1);
    }
    elsif (($_[0]==3) and $xres_real) { return 1; }
    elsif (($_[0]==3) and !$xres_real) { return 0; }
}



# KEYBOARD
sub keyboard {
    # deactivate time function (activated in idle again)
    if (($options{time}!=0) and (!$time_real)) {
        $time_real=$options{time};
        $options{time}=0;
    }
    $time{key} = [gettimeofday];

    my ($key) = @_; 
    $key = chr($key);
    
    # Misc
    if   ($key=~/q/){ exit(); }
    elsif($key=~/m/){ screenshot(); }
    elsif($key=~/3/){
        $options{cfact}=$options{cfact}*0.98;
        if (glIsList($tsize+1)) { reset_all(17); }
        else {
            reset_all(16);
            glutPostRedisplay();
        }
    }
    elsif($key=~/4/){
        $options{cfact}=$options{cfact}*1.02;
        reset_all(17);
        if (glIsList($tsize+1)) { reset_all(17); }
        else {
            reset_all(16);
            glutPostRedisplay();
        }
    }

    # Preview
    elsif($key=~/p/){ reset_all(16); preview(2); }
    
    # Function change
    elsif($key=~/n/){ $n++; reset_all(17); }
    elsif(($key=~/b/) and ($n > 0)){ $n--; reset_all(17); }

    # Mode change
    elsif(($key=~/1/) and ($options{mode}>0)){ $options{mode}--; reset_all(17); }
    elsif(($key=~/2/) and ($options{mode}<3)){ $options{mode}++; reset_all(17); }
    elsif($key=~/c/) { 
        $options{color}++;
        if ($options{color} >=3) { $options{color}=0; }
        reset_all(17);
        #if (glIsList($tsize+1)) { reset_all(17); }
        #else {
        #    reset_all(16);
        #    glutPostRedisplay();
        #}
    }
    elsif($key=~/t/) { 
        if (!$time_real) { $options{time}=1; }
        else { $options{time}=0; $time_real=(); }
    }

    # Extend : BUGGY
    elsif($key=~/R/) { $options{xmin}*=0.9; $options{xmax}*=0.9; $options{ymin}*=0.9; $options{ymax}*=0.9; $options{zmin}*=0.9; $options{zmax}*=0.9; reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/E/) { $options{xmin}*=1.1; $options{xmax}*=1.1; $options{ymin}*=1.1; $options{ymax}*=1.1; $options{zmin}*=1.1; $options{zmax}*=1.1; reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/D/) { $options{xmin}-=($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*0.1; $options{xmax}-=($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*0.1; reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/A/) { $options{xmin}+=($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*0.1; $options{xmax}+=($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*0.1; reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/X/) { $options{ymin}-=($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*0.1; $options{ymax}-=($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*0.1; reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/Y/) { $options{ymin}+=($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*0.1; $options{ymax}+=($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*0.1; reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/S/) { $options{zmin}-=($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*0.1; $options{zmax}-=($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*0.1; reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/W/) { $options{zmin}+=($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*0.1; $options{zmax}+=($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*0.1; reset_all(31); }

    # Seeking
    elsif($key=~/x/) { 
        reset_all(1);
        if (($options{time} > 0) and (($tsize+1) <= ($options{tres}-5))) { $t += 5*($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize=$tsize+5; }
        elsif (($tsize+1) < $options{tres}) { $t += ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize++; }
        if (glIsList($tsize+1)) {
            glCallList($tsize+1);
            glFlush();
        }
    }
    elsif($key=~/y/) { 
        reset_all(1);
        if (($options{time} > 0) and ($tsize >= 5)) { $t -= 5*($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize=$tsize-5; }
        elsif ($tsize > 0) { $t -= ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize--; }
        if (glIsList($tsize+1)) {
            glCallList($tsize+1);
            glFlush();
        }
    }

    # Resolution
    elsif($key=~/u/){ 
        if (preview(3)) { $xres_real+=1; $zres_real+=1; }
        else { $options{xres}+=1; $options{zres}+=1; reset_all(17); }
        # if (preview(3)) { $xres_real=int($xres_real*1.1+0.9); $zres_real=int($zres_real*1.1+0.9); }
        # else { $options{xres}=int($options{xres}*1.1+0.9); $options{zres}=int($options{zres}*1.1+0.9); reset_all(17); }
    }
    elsif($key=~/z/){
        if (preview(3) and (($xres_real>=3) and ($zres_real>=3))) { $xres_real-=1; $zres_real-=1; }
        elsif (($options{xres}>=3) and ($options{zres}>=3)) { $options{xres}-=1; $options{zres}-=1; reset_all(17); }
        # if (preview(3)) { $xres_real=int($xres_real*0.91+0.2); $zres_real=int($zres_real*0.91+0.2); }
        # else { $options{xres}=int($options{xres}*0.91+0.2); $options{zres}=int($options{zres}*0.91+0.2); reset_all(17); }
    }
    elsif($key=~/j/){ $options{tres}=int($options{tres}*1.1+0.9); reset_all(19); }
    elsif($key=~/h/){ $options{tres}=int($options{tres}*0.91+0.2); reset_all(19); }
    # elsif($key=~/j/){ $options{tres}+=1; reset_all(19); }
    # elsif($key=~/h/){ if ($options{tres}>=2) { $options{tres}-=1; reset_all(19); } }

    # Rotation
    elsif($key=~/w/){ glRotatef(-3, 1, 0, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/s/){ glRotatef(3, 1, 0, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/a/){ glRotatef(-3, 0, 1, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/d/){ glRotatef(3, 0, 1, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }

    # Translation
    elsif($key=~/\ü/){ glTranslatef(0, 0.5, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/\ä/){ glTranslatef(0, -0.5, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/\ö/){ glTranslatef(-0.5, 0, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/\$/){ glTranslatef(0.5, 0, 0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }

    # Scaling
    elsif($key=~/e/){ glScalef(0.91,0.91,0.91); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/r/){ glScalef(1.1,1.1,1.1); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/Z/){ glScalef(1,0.91,1); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/U/){ glScalef(1,1.1,1); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/H/){ glScalef(0.91,1,1); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/J/){ glScalef(1.1,1,1); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/N/){ glScalef(1,1,0.91); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/M/){ glScalef(1,1,1.1); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }

    # Position
    elsif($key=~/0/){ reset_all(4); }
    elsif($key=~/_/){ reset_all(12); }
    elsif($key=~/'/){ reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key=~/9/){ glRotatef(90,1,0,0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/8/){ glRotatef(90,0,1,0); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
    elsif($key=~/7/){ glRotatef(90,0,0,1); glCallList($tsize+1); glFlush(); }
}


# SPECIAL KEYBOARD
sub special_keyboard {
    if (($options{time}!=0) and (!$time_real)) {
        $time_real=$options{time};
        $options{time}=0;
    }
    $time{key} = [gettimeofday];

    my ($key) = @_; 

    # Special keys
    if   ($key==GLUT_KEY_LEFT){ reset_all(4); }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_RIGHT){ reset_all(31); }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_UP){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_DOWN){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F1){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F2){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F3){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F4){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F5){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F6){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F7){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F8){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F9){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F10){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F11){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_F12){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_PAGE_UP){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_PAGE_DOWN){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_HOME){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_END){ }
    elsif($key==GLUT_KEY_INSERT){ }
}



# USAGE
sub usage {
print STDERR <<EOF;

Usage: glgraph [options] 'function1' 'function2' ...

options:
  function         Function: f(x,z,t)=function
  -(no)fs          Fullscreen                                (ON)
  -geometry        Window Geometry                           (1024x768+0+0)
  -wid             Window Id                                 ("graph window")
  -noclear         Don't clear the screen (fixes flimmering) (OFF)
  -noanim          No animation mode (for high resolutions)  (OFF)
  -nograph         Don't draw just calculate
  -2d              2D Graph
  -wire            3D Graph: Wireframe
  -3d              3D Graph: Solid                           (DEFAULT)
  -(no)axis        Axis mode                                 ( 0)
  -ax_step         Step size for axis                        ( 1)
  -ax_size         Size of lines (1 for grid)                (0.01)
  -(no)time        Time Graph                                (ON)
  -(no)colors      Color Mode (0=nocolors, 1:mode1, 2:mode2) ( 1)
  -xmin            Beginning of x interval (Window)          (-5)
  -xmax            Ending of x interval (Window)             ( 5)
  -ymin            Beginning of y interval (Window)          (-5)
  -ymax            Ending of y interval (Window)             ( 5)
  -zmin            Beginning of z interval (Window)          (-5)
  -zmax            Ending of z interval (Window)             ( 5)
  -tmin            Beginning of t (time) interval (Window)   (-4)
  -tmax            Ending of t (time) interval (Window)      ( 4)
  -xres            Resolution of x axis (relevant dots)      (50)
  -zres            Resolution of z axis (relevant dots)      (50)
  -xzres           Space Resolution (xres and zres)
  -tres            Resolution of time "axis" (frames)        (50)
  -tsec            Resolution of time "axis" (seconds)       (2.0)
  -cfact           Interval of color function                (0.8)
  -cconst          Displace colors (0-1)                     (0.0)
  -fps             Maximal fps                               (25)
  -h, --help       Display this help message
  -v, --version    Display GLgraph's version number

keys:
  q                Quit
  _ and 0          Reset (default and hard)
  m                Screenshot
  w/a/s/d          Rotation (3°)
  7/8/9            Rotation (90°)
  ü/ö/ä/\$          Translation
  e and r          Scaling
  b and n          Change functions
  1 and 2          Change graphic mode
  3 and 4          Change color range
  p                Toggle preview mode
  c                Toggle color mode
  t                Toggle time mode
  y and x          Seeking
  z and u          Change space resolution
  h and j          Change time resolution

EOF
    exit 1;
}

# COMMAND LINE
sub commandline {
    GetOptions(
        "help|h"             => \&usage,
        "version|v"          => \&version,
        "fullscreen|fs"      => \$options{fullscreen},
        "nofullscreen|nofs"  => sub { $options{fullscreen}=0; },
        "geometry=s"         => sub { @geometry=split(/[x+]/,"$_[1]"); },
        "wid=s"              => \$options{wid},
        "clear"              => sub { $options{clearg}=1; },
        "noclear"            => sub { $options{clearg}=0; },
        "save"               => sub { $options{save}=1; $options{anim}=0; $options{image_name}="image_all.jpg"; },
        "nosave"             => sub { $options{save}=0; },
        "o=s"                => \$options{image_name},
        "info|i"             => sub { $options{info}=1; },
        "anim"               => sub { $options{anim}=1; },
        "noanim"             => sub { $options{anim}=0; },
        "nograph"            => sub { $options{mode}=0; },
        "mode"               => \$options{mode},
        "2d"                 => sub { $options{mode}=1; },
        "wire|3dwire"        => sub { $options{mode}=2; },
        "lookat=s"           => sub { @lookat=split(/,/,"$_[1]"); },
        "3d|3dsolid"         => sub { $options{mode}=3; },
        "axis=i"             => \$options{axis},
        "ax_step=f"          => \$options{ax_step},
        "ax_size=f"          => \$options{ax_size},
        "noaxis"             => sub { $options{axis}=0; },
        "time"               => sub { $options{time}=1; },
        "notime"             => sub { $options{time}=0; },
        "colors=i"           => \$options{color},
        "nocolors"           => sub { $options{color}=0; },
        "xmin=f"             => \$options{xmin},
        "xmax=f"             => \$options{xmax},
        "ymin=f"             => \$options{ymin},
        "ymax=f"             => \$options{ymax},
        "zmin=f"             => \$options{zmin},
        "zmax=f"             => \$options{zmax},
        "tmin=f"             => \$options{tmin},
        "tmax=f"             => \$options{tmax},
        "xres=i"             => \$options{xres},
        "zres=i"             => \$options{zres},
        "xzres=i"            => sub { $options{xres}=$_[1];$options{zres}=$_[1]; },
        "fps=f"              => \$options{fps},
        "tres=i"             => \$options{tres},
        "tsec=f"             => sub { $options{tres}=int($_[1]*$options{fps}); },
        "cfact=f"            => \$options{cfact},
        "cconst=f"           => \$options{cconst},
    ) || usage();

    # Add command line functions
    @yreal = (@ARGV, @yreal);
    for (@yreal) { $_ =~ s/(?<!\w)([xzt])(?!\w)/\$$1/g; }
    for (@yreal) { $_ =~ s/PI/\$PI/g; }
}



# DEFAULT OPTIONS
sub options {
    # Init variables
    $options{fullscreen} = 1;
    @geometry = (1024,768,0,0);
    $options{wid} = "graph window";
    $options{save} = 0;
    $options{image_name} = "image.jpg";
    $options{info} = 0;
    $n = 0;
    $PI = 3.415926535898;

    # TESTING OPTIONS
    $options{clearg}=1;
    $options{anim}=1;
    
    # Mode:
    #   0   no graph
    #   1   2d
    #   2   3d wire
    #   3   3d solid
    # Time:
    #   0   stable (no time)
    #   1   time-function forward
    #   2   time-function backward
    # Color:
    #   0   no colours
    #   1   iterative color-mode 1
    #   2   absolute color-mode 2 (pfy)
    # Axis (values can be added): TODO
    #   0   no axis
    #   1   default (grid for ax_size 1)
    #   2   3D square
    #   3   3D cube
    # View: TODO
    #   0   orthographic viewing
    #   1   perspective viewing
    #   2   stereo viewing
    #   3   2nd way of stereo viewing
    
    $options{mode}    = 3;
    $options{time}    = 1;
    $options{color}   = 1;
    $options{axis}    = 0;
    #$options{view}    = 0;

    # Window
    $options{xmin}    = -5;
    $options{xmax}    = 5;
    $options{ymin}    = -5;
    $options{ymax}    = 5;
    $options{zmin}    = -5;
    $options{zmax}    = 5;
    $options{tmin}    = -4;
    $options{tmax}    = 4;

    # Axis and misc
    $options{xres}    = 50;
    $options{zres}    = 50;
    $options{tres}    = 50;
    $options{fps}     = 25;
    $options{cfact}   = 0.8;
    $options{cconst}  = 0.0;
    $options{ax_step} = 1;
    $options{ax_size} = 0.01;

    # Functions
    $yreal[0] = '2*cos(t*sqrt(z*z+x*x)-2*atan(x/z))';
    $yreal[1] = '(cos(t*sqrt(z*z+x*x))-sin(t*sqrt(z*z+x*x)))*exp(-sqrt(z*z+x*x))*5';
    $yreal[2] = '0.02*z*sin(t*(z-x))-x*cos(z*x-t)';
    $yreal[3] = '2*sin(x*x+z*z+t*t)';
}



# INIT
sub init {
    # Glut init
    glutInit();
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowSize($geometry[0],$geometry[1]);
    glutInitWindowPosition($geometry[2],$geometry[3]);
    glutCreateWindow($options{wid});
    glutFullScreen() if ($options{fullscreen});

    # Functions
    glutKeyboardFunc(\&keyboard);
    glutSpecialFunc(\&special_keyboard);
    glutDisplayFunc(\&display);
    glutReshapeFunc(\&resize);
    glutIdleFunc(\&idle);
    
    glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); #TEST
}    



# COLOR
sub scolor { 
    if ($options{color} == 1) {
        return(0.8*sin($_[0]*$options{cfact}+2*$options{cconst}*$PI),0.8*sin($_[0]*$options{cfact}+2*$PI/3+2*$options{cconst}*$PI),0.8*sin($_[0]*$options{cfact}+4*$PI/3+2*$options{cconst}*$PI));
    }
    elsif ($options{color} == 2) {
        my ($r,$b,$g,$a);
        $r=$b=$g=0; 
        $a=(($_[0]-$options{ymin})/($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*$options{cfact});

        $r=$a*3;
        $r=1 if ($r > 1);

        $g=($a*3-1) if ((($a*3-1) > 0));
        $g=1 if ($g > 1);

        $b=($a*3-2) if ((($a*3-2) > 0));
        $b=1 if ($b > 1);

        return($r,$g,$b);
    }
}
our $last_n;	#pfy,2.11.2002 for the new eval thingi
our $last_mode; #for mode switch.... (2=2d, 3=3d)
our $func_sub;	#eval thingi.....
our ($x,$y,$z,$j,@tripar);

# IDLE
sub idle {
    # activate time function again if 0.1 seconds passed after keyboard event
    if (($time_real) and ((tv_interval($time{key}))>=0.1)) {
        $options{time}=$time_real;
        $time_real="";
    }

    # calculate frame if display list is non-existent
    if (!glIsList($tsize+1)) {
        # real calculation, can be 2d or 3d
        if ($zsize < $options{zres}) {
            if ($options{mode} == 1) {
                idle_2d();
                display(1);
            }
            if ($options{mode} >= 2) {
                idle_3d();
                if ($zsize == $options{zres}) {
                    display(1);
                }
            }
        }
        # change time direction at the end
        if ($zsize == $options{zres}) {
           if ($options{time} == 0) { usleep (0.001); }
           elsif (($options{time} == 1) and ($tsize < ($options{tres}-1))) { reset_all(1); $t += ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize++; }
           elsif (($options{time} == 2) and ($tsize > 0)) { reset_all(1); $t -= ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize--; }
           elsif ($options{time} == 1) { $options{time}=2; reset_all(1); $t -= ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize--; }
           elsif ($options{time} == 2) { $options{time}=1; reset_all(1); $t += ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize++; }
        }
    }
    # change time direction at the end
    elsif ($options{time}) {
        display(1);
        if (($options{time} == 1) and ($tsize < ($options{tres}-1))) { reset_all(1); $t += ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize++; }
        elsif (($options{time} == 2) and ($tsize > 0)) { reset_all(1); $t -= ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize--; }
        elsif ($options{time} == 1) { $options{time}=2; reset_all(1); $t -= ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize--; }
        elsif ($options{time} == 2) { $options{time}=1; reset_all(1); $t += ($options{tmax}-$options{tmin})/($options{tres}-1); $tsize++; }
    }
    # free cpu time if in notime mode...
    else { usleep (0.001); }
}


# SUB IDLE (2D)
sub idle_2d {
    @tripar=();

    $x=$options{xmin};
    $j=0;
    
    # regenerate func_sub if necessary
    if(($last_mode !=2) or ($last_n !=$n)){
        geteval2();
        $last_n=$n;
        $last_mode=2;
    }
                                        
    while ($j<=(2*$options{xres}-2)){
        last if eval{&$func_sub};
        $tripar[$j]=$x;
        $tripar[$j+1]=0;
        $x += ($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})/($options{xres}-1);
        $j=$j+2;
    }
    
    $j = 0;
    $zsize = $options{zres} + 1;

    unshift(@tri2d,@tripar); 
    splice(@tri2d,(2*$options{xres})); 
}    


# SUB IDLE (3D)
sub idle_3d {
    @tripar=();

    $x=$options{xmin};
    $j=0;

    # regenerate func_sub if necessary
    if(($last_mode !=3) or ($last_n !=$n)){
	geteval3();
	$last_n=$n;
	$last_mode=3;
    }
    
    while ($j<=(3*$options{xres}-3)){
        last if eval{&$func_sub};
        $tripar[$j]=$x;
        $tripar[$j+1]=0;
        $tripar[$j+2]=$z;
        $x += ($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})/($options{xres}-1);
        $j=$j+3;
    }
    $j = 0;
    $z += ($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})/($options{zres}-1); 
    $zsize++; # IMPORTANT !!!!

    unshift(@tri3d,@tripar); 
    splice(@tri3d,(9*$options{xres}*$options{zres})); 
}


sub geteval2{
    my $eval_block= '
    while ($j<=(2*$options{xres}-2)) {
    ';
    $eval_block.= "\$y = $yreal[$n];";
    $eval_block.= '
        $tripar[$j]=$x;
        $tripar[$j+1]=$y;
        $x += ($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})/($options{xres}-1); 
        $j=$j+2;
    }
    return 1;
    ';

    $func_sub= eval("sub{$eval_block};");
}

sub geteval3{
    my $eval_block='
    while ($j<=(3*$options{xres}-3)) {
    ';
    $eval_block.= "\$y = $yreal[$n];";
    $eval_block.= '
        $tripar[$j]=$x;
        $tripar[$j+1]=$y;
        $tripar[$j+2]=$z;
        $x += ($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})/($options{xres}-1); 
        $j=$j+3;
    }
    return 1;
    ';

    $func_sub= eval("sub{$eval_block}");
}





# SUB DISPLAY (2D)
sub display_2d {
    my $i;

    glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP); {
        glColor3f(scolor($tri2d[1])) if ($options{color} > 0);
        glVertex2f($tri2d[0],$tri2d[1]);
        for ($i=2; $i<=(2*$options{xres}-2); $i=$i+2) { 
            glColor3f(scolor($tri2d[$i+1])) if ($options{color} > 0);
            glVertex2f($tri2d[$i],$tri2d[$i+1]);}
    } glEnd();
}


# SUB DISPLAY (3D WIRE)
sub display_3dwire {
    my ($h,$i);
    
    for $h (0..($zsize-2)) {
        glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP); {

            # first line
            if ($h==0) {
                for ($i=(3*$options{xres}-3); $i>=0; $i=$i-3) {
                    glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[$i+1])) if ($options{color} > 0);
                    glVertex3f($tri3d[$i],$tri3d[$i+1],$tri3d[$i+2]);
                }
            }

            for ($i=0; $i<=(3*$options{xres}-4); $i=$i+3) {
                my $basec = $i+1+3*$h*$options{xres};
                # left behind
                glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[$basec])) if ($options{color} > 0);
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec-1],$tri3d[$basec],$tri3d[$basec+1]);
                # left ahead
                glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}])) if ($options{color} > 0);
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec-1+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[$basec+1+3*$options{xres}]);
                # rigth ahead
                glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[$basec+3+3*$options{xres}])) if ($options{color} > 0);
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec+2+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[$basec+3+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[$basec+4+3*$options{xres}]);
            }

            # right behind
            glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[3*$options{xres}-2+3*$h*$options{xres}])) if ($options{color} > 0);
            glVertex3f($tri3d[3*$options{xres}-3+3*$h*$options{xres}],$tri3d[3*$options{xres}-2+3*$h*$options{xres}],$tri3d[3*$options{xres}-1+3*$h*$options{xres}]); 
            # right ahead
            glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[3*$options{xres}-2+3*$h*$options{xres}+3*$options{xres}])) if ($options{color} > 0);
            glVertex3f($tri3d[3*$options{xres}-3+3*$h*$options{xres}+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[3*$options{xres}-2+3*$h*$options{xres}+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[3*$options{xres}-1+3*$h*$options{xres}+3*$options{xres}]); 
        } glEnd();
    }
}


# SUB DISPLAY (3D SOLID)
sub display_3d {
    my ($h,$i);

    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
    {
        for $h (0..($zsize-2)) {
            for ($i=0; $i<=(3*$options{xres}-4); $i=$i+3) {
                my $basec = $i+1+3*$h*$options{xres};
                my @ltcolor;
                my @rbcolor;
                # left bottom
                glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[$basec])) if ($options{color} > 0);
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec-1],$tri3d[$basec],$tri3d[$basec+1]);
                # left top
                if ($options{color} > 0) { @ltcolor=scolor($tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}]); glColor3f(@ltcolor) }
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}-1],$tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}+1]); 
                # right bottom
                if ($options{color} > 0) { @rbcolor=scolor($tri3d[$basec+3]);glColor3f(@rbcolor);}
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec+2],$tri3d[$basec+3],$tri3d[$basec+4]); 
                # left top
                glColor3f(@ltcolor) if ($options{color} > 0);
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}-1],$tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}],$tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}+1]); 
                # right top
                glColor3f(scolor($tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}+3])) if ($options{color} > 0);
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}+2],$tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}+3],$tri3d[$basec+3*$options{xres}+4]); 
                # right bottom
                glColor3f(@rbcolor) if ($options{color} > 0);
                glVertex3f($tri3d[$basec+2],$tri3d[$basec+3],$tri3d[$basec+4]); 
            }
        }
    } glEnd();
}


# SUB DISPLAY (AXIS)
sub display_axis {
    my $i;
    
    glColor3f(0.3,0.3,0.3);

    if ($options{axis} == 1) {
        if ($options{mode} <= 1) {
            # 2D axis
            glBegin(GL_LINES); {
                for ($i=0; $i<=($options{xmax}); $i=$i+$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex2f($i,(0-($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                    glVertex2f($i,(0+($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                }
                for ($i=0; $i>=($options{xmin}); $i=$i-$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex2f($i,(0-($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                    glVertex2f($i,(0+($options{ymax}-$options{ymin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                }
                for ($i=0; $i<=($options{ymax}); $i=$i+$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex2f((0-($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),$i);
                    glVertex2f((0+($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),$i);
                }
                for ($i=0; $i>=($options{ymin}); $i=$i-$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex2f((0-($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),$i);
                    glVertex2f((0+($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),$i);
                }

                glColor3f(0.4,0.4,0.4);
                glVertex2f($options{xmin},0);
                glVertex2f($options{xmax},0);
                glVertex2f(0,$options{ymin});
                glVertex2f(0,$options{ymax});
            } glEnd();
        }
        else {
            # 3D axis
            glBegin(GL_LINES); {
                for ($i=0; $i<=($options{xmax}); $i=$i+$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex3f($i,0,(0-($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                    glVertex3f($i,0,(0+($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                }
                for ($i=0; $i>=($options{xmin}); $i=$i-$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex3f($i,0,(0-($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                    glVertex3f($i,0,(0+($options{zmax}-$options{zmin})*$options{ax_size}/2));
                }
                for ($i=0; $i<=($options{zmax}); $i=$i+$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex3f((0-($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),0,$i);
                    glVertex3f((0+($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),0,$i);
                }
                for ($i=0; $i>=($options{zmin}); $i=$i-$options{ax_step}) {
                    glVertex3f((0-($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),0,$i);
                    glVertex3f((0+($options{xmax}-$options{xmin})*$options{ax_size}/2),0,$i);
                }

                glColor3f(0.4,0.4,0.4);
                glVertex3f($options{xmin},0,0);
                glVertex3f($options{xmax},0,0);
                glVertex3f(0,$options{ymin},0);
                glVertex3f(0,$options{ymax},0);
                glVertex3f(0,0,$options{zmin});
                glVertex3f(0,0,$options{zmax});
            } glEnd();
        }
    }

    elsif ($options{axis} == 2) {
        # Base square
        glBegin(GL_LINES); {
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},0,$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},0,$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},0,$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},0,$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},0,$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},0,$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},0,$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},0,$options{zmin});
        } glEnd();
    }

    elsif ($options{axis} == 3) {
        # Base cube
        glBegin(GL_LINES); {
            #bottom square
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymin},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymin},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymin},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymin},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymin},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymin},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymin},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymin},$options{zmin});
            #between
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymin},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymax},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymin},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymax},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymin},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymax},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymin},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymax},$options{zmax});
            #top square
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymax},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymax},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymax},$options{zmin});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymax},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmin},$options{ymax},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymax},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymax},$options{zmax});
            glVertex3f($options{xmax},$options{ymax},$options{zmin});
        } glEnd();
    }
}


# SCREENSHOT
sub screenshot {
    my $fname="$options{image_name}";
    $fname =~ s/(.*)\.(.*)/$1/;
    my $fext="$options{image_name}";
    $fext =~ s/(.*)\.(.*)/$2/;
    my $func=$yreal[$n];
    $func =~ s/\$//g;
    my $tres_sec = $options{tres}/$options{fps};
    my $tframe = $tsize+1;
    my $num = 1;
    my $filename;

    # take screenshot
    if (!($options{save}) and ($options{image_name} =~ /\./)) {
        $num++ while(-f ($filename=sprintf("$fname\_%.4d\.$fext",$num)) );
        system("import -silent -window \"$options{wid}\" \"$filename\"");
    }
    elsif ($options{image_name} =~ /\./) {
        $filename=sprintf("$fname\_%.4d\.$fext",$tframe);
        system("rm $filename") if (-f $filename);
        system("import -silent -window \"$options{wid}\" \"$filename\"");
    }

    # create info file
    if ((! -f "$fname\_info.txt") and $options{info}) {
        if(open(IMAGE,">$fname\_info.txt")){
            print IMAGE "$fname\n";
            print IMAGE "----------------\n\n";
            print IMAGE "Function:          f(x,y,z) = $func \n\n";
            print IMAGE "Window:\n";
            print IMAGE "x Interval         \[ $options{xmin}  \-  $options{xmax} \] \n";
            print IMAGE "y Interval         \[ $options{ymin}  \-  $options{ymax} \] \n";
            print IMAGE "z Interval         \[ $options{zmin}  \-  $options{zmax} \] \n";
            print IMAGE "t Interval         \[ $options{tmin}  \-  $options{tmax} \] \n\n";
            print IMAGE "Math. Resolution:\n";
            print IMAGE "x Resolution       $options{xres} \n";
            print IMAGE "z Resolution       $options{zres} \n";
            print IMAGE "t Resolution       $tres_sec","s \n";
            print IMAGE "in Frames ($options{fps}fps)  $options{tres} \n\n";
            print IMAGE "Output:\n";
            print IMAGE "Resolution         $options{width}x$options{height} \n";
            print IMAGE "Output mode        $options{mode} \n";
            print IMAGE "Color mode         $options{color} \n";
            print IMAGE "Axis mode          $options{axis} \n\n";
            print IMAGE "Misc:\n";
            print IMAGE "Color factor       $options{cfact} \n";
            print IMAGE "Color constant     $options{cfact} \n";
            print IMAGE "Axis Step          $options{ax_step} \n";
            print IMAGE "Axis Size          $options{ax_size} \n";
            print IMAGE "(Time frame/time   $tframe / $t) \n\n";
            print IMAGE "Command line: \n";
            print IMAGE "glgraph -mode $options{mode} -colors $options{color} -axis $options{axis} -ax_step $options{ax_step} -ax_size $options{ax_size} -xmin $options{xmin} -xmax $options{xmax} -ymin $options{ymin} -ymin $options{ymax} -zmin $options{xmin} -zmin $options{zmin} -xmin $options{tmin} -xmin $options{tmin} -xres $options{xres} -zres $options{zres} -tres $options{tres} -fps $options{fps} -geometry \"$options{width}x$options{height}\" -o \"$options{image_name}\" \'$func\'\n";
            close(IMAGE);
        }
    }
}