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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>
The <model> element
</title>
<script defer class="remove" src=
"https://www.w3.org/Tools/respec/respec-w3c"></script>
<script class="remove">
// See: https://respec.org/docs/ for all configuration options
var respecConfig = {
shortName: "model-element",
specStatus: "CG-DRAFT",
editors: [
{
name: "Marcos Cáceres",
company: "Apple Inc.",
retiredDate: "2024-04-01",
companyURL: "https://apple.com/",
},
{
name: "Brandel Zachernuk",
company: "Apple Inc.",
companyURL: "https://apple.com/",
},
],
group: "cg/immersive-web",
github: {
repoURL: "immersive-web/model-element",
branch: "main",
},
xref: "web-platform",
localBiblio: {
AOUSD: {
title: "OpenUSD",
href: "https://aousd.org",
publisher: "Alliance of OpenUSD",
},
},
};
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id="title">
The <code><model></code> element
</h1>
<section id="abstract">
<p>
The `<model>` element allows embedding 3D graphical content inline within
an [[HTML]] document to be managed declaratively, and rendered directly
by the user agent. The `HTMLModelElement` interface then provides a
simple API for controlling the presentation, animation, interaction,
fetching, and UI affordances of a `<model>`.
</p>
</section>
<section id="sotd">
<p>
This is a work in progress.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Out of scope
</h2>
<p>
There are a number of specified non-goals for this initial incubation;
some are beyond the long-term scope of this proposal, and others are
deferred for the benefit of reaching consensus on an initial
specification, which can hopefully serve the needs of users and authors
sooner.
</p>
<h3>
Scene graph inspection and manipulation
</h3>
<p>
While the use cases for inspecting and manipulating the contents of a
given model asset are clear, the initial scope of this proposal is
intentionally limited to a reduced complexity, hopefully making the
initial specification one that has broad consensus amongst the web
community.
</p>
<h3>
Animation mixing and blending
</h3>
<p>
While many popular model formats include the ability to encode, play
and mix multiple animations in an animation mixing system, This initial
specification considers only a single animation timeline, both for
simplicity and for having a minimal viable specification on which the
web community can build on.
</p>
<h3>
Stateful interaction with `model` contents
</h3>
<p>
While many popular model formats support tapping on a 3D button inside
their contents to show or hide additional contents like a title, play
an animation or undertake some other stateful action. Because there is
no current intention to provide a JavaScript-facing mechanism to be
aware of such actions, stateful interactions should be considered out
of scope.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Examples
</h2>
<h3>
Adding a model to a document
</h3>
<aside class="example">
<p>
The following example shows the simplest way to add a 3D model to a
document:
</p>
<pre class="html">
<model src="3d-assets/car"></model>
</pre>
<p>
By using content negotiation the user agent relies on the server to
send back a 3D model in a format the user agent supports.
</p>
</aside>
<h3>
Enabling interactivity
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="20"></aside>
<h3>
Supporting multiple formats
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="21"></aside>
<h3>
Providing fallback content for legacy user agents
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="22"></aside>
<h3>
Making `model` accessible
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="23"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
The <code><dfn class="element">model</dfn></code> element
</h2>
<dl>
<dt>
Categories
</dt>
<dd>
[=Flow content=].
</dd>
<dd>
[=Phrasing content=].
</dd>
<dd>
[=Embedded content=].
</dd>
<dd>
If the element has an `interactive` attribute: [=interactive
content=].
</dd>
<dd>
[=Palpable content=].
</dd>
<dt>
Contexts in which this element can be used:
</dt>
<dd>
Where [=embedded content=] is expected.
</dd>
<dt>
Content model:
</dt>
<dd>
If the element has a `src` attribute: transparent, a [^picture^] or
[^img^], or a <span class="link-me">media element</span> descendant.
</dd>
<dd>
If the element has no `src` attribute: Zero or more source elements,
then transparent, optionally intermixed with script-supporting
elements.
</dd>
<dt>
Tag omission in text/html:
</dt>
<dd>
Neither tag is omissible.
</dd>
<dt>
Content Attributes:
</dt>
<dd>
<span class="link-me">Global attributes</span>
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/autoplay^] — Hint that the resource can be started
automatically when the page is loaded
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/interactive^] — Allows the user to interact with the model
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/crossorigin^] — How the element handles crossorigin requests
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/height^] — Vertical dimension
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/loading^] — Used when determining loading deferral
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/loop^] — Whether to loop the media resource
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/muted^] — Whether to mute the media resource by default
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/poster^] — Poster frame to show while the resource is loading
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/src^] — Address of the resource
</dd>
<dd>
[^model/width^] — Horizontal dimension
</dd>
<dt>
DOM Interface
</dt>
<dd>
The {{HTMLModelElement}} interface provides a means to interface with
the embedded resource.
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
The [^model^] element is used for embedding 3D models into a document.
</p>
<p>
Content may be provided inside the [^model^] element. User agents
should not show this content to the user; it is intended for web
browsers which do not support [^model^], to be shown as <span class=
"link-me">fallback content</span>.
</p>
<aside class="issue" data-number="14"></aside>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">autoplay</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">interactive</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">controls</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">crossorigin</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">height</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">loading</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="44"></aside>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">loop</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">muted</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">poster</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<p>
The [^model/poster^] attribute gives the URL of an image file that the
user agent can show while 3D content is unavailable. The attribute, if
present, must contain a <span class="link-me">valid non-empty URL
potentially surrounded by spaces</span>.
</p>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">src</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
<h3>
<code><dfn class="element-attr" data-dfn-for="model">width</dfn></code> attribute
</h3>
</section>
<section data-dfn-for="HTMLModelElement">
<h2>
The `HTMLModelElement` interface
</h2>
<pre class="idl">
[Exposed=Window]
interface HTMLModelElement : HTMLElement {
};
</pre>
<aside class="issue" data-number="12"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="42"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
`source` element integration
</h2>
<h3>
The `source` element's parent is a [^model^] element
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="24"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Interaction
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="2"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="46"></aside>
</section>
<aside class="issue" data-number="25"></aside>
<section>
<h2>
Controls
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="43"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Rendering
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="1"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="5"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="48"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="47"></aside>
<h3>
Orientation/camera
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="42"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="41"></aside>
<h3>
Embedded content
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="27"></aside>
<p>
Whether a [^model^] element is <span class="link-me">exposing a user
interface</span> is not expected to affect the size of the rendering;
controls are expected to be overlaid above the page content without
causing any layout changes, and may disappear when the user does not
need them.
</p>
<p>
When a [^model^] element represents a poster frame, the poster frame is
expected to be rendered at the largest size that maintains the aspect
ratio of that poster frame without being taller or wider than the
[^model^] element itself, and is expected to be centered in the
[^model^] element.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Events
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="26"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Formats
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="18"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Overlap with "media elements"
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="13"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
HTML Integrations
</h2>
<p>
Additional integrations into HTML:
</p>
<aside class="issue" data-number="28"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="29"></aside>
<h3>
Preload link relationship
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="30"></aside>
<h3>
Integrations with `source` element
</h3>
<aside class="issue">
<p>
Some attributes on `source` are currently restricted to [^picture^].
We need to figure out which apply to [^model^].
</p>
</aside>
<h3>
Link rel="ar"
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="45"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
CSS integrations
</h2>
<h3>
Media Playback States (`:playing`, `:paused`, `:seeking`)
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="31"></aside>
<h3>
The `:muted` and `:volume-locked` pseudo-classes
</h3>
<h3>
Fullscreen Presentation State: the `:fullscreen` pseudo-class
</h3>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Fullscreen integration
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="31"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Fetch integration
</h2>
<h3>
`"model"` destination
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="35"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Privacy considerations
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="36"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Security considerations
</h2>
<h3>
CORS
</h3>
<h3>
Formats and CORS
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="15"></aside>
<h3>
Content Security Policy
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="16"></aside>
<h3>
Format concerns
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="17"></aside>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
Accessibility
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="50"></aside>
<aside class="issue" data-number="39"></aside>
<h3>
Requirements for providing text to act as an alternative for 3D content
</h3>
<h3>
For authors
</h3>
<aside class="note">
<p>
This section would eventually be moved to [[HTML-ARIA]].
</p>
</aside>
<table class="complex data">
<caption>
Rules of ARIA attribute usage by HTML element ([[HTML-ARIA]])
</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
HTML element
</th>
<th>
Implicit ARIA semantics
</th>
<th>
ARIA roles, states and properties which MAY be used
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
[^model^]
</td>
<td>
TBD
</td>
<td>
TBD
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>
For implementers
</h3>
<aside class="note">
<p>
This section would eventually move to [[HTML-AAM-1.0]].
</p>
</aside>
<table class="complex data">
<caption>
[^model^]
</caption>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>
[[wai-aria-1.2]]
</th>
<td>
No corresponding role
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href=
"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd373608%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">
MSAA</a> + <a href=
"http://accessibility.linuxfoundation.org/a11yspecs/ia2/docs/html/">
IAccessible2</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">
Not mapped
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href=
"https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms726297%28v=VS.85%29.aspx">
UIA</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">
Not mapped
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href="https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/atk/">ATK</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">
Not mapped
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
<a href=
"https://developer.apple.com/reference/appkit/nsaccessibility">AX</a>
</th>
<td>
<div class="general">
Not mapped
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>
Comments
</th>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2>
MIME
</h2>
<aside class="issue" data-number="37"></aside>
<h3>
MIME Sniffing
</h3>
<aside class="issue" data-number="38"></aside>
</section>
<section id="conformance"></section>
<section id="issue-summary"></section>
<section class="informative">
<h2>
Change log
</h2>
<p>
The following are some significant changes that were made since the
initial proposal:
</p>
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</section>
<section id="index"></section>
</body>
</html>