test_client.py

# Copyright 2015 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import copy
import collections
import datetime
import decimal
import email
import gzip
import http.client
import io
import itertools
import json
import operator
import unittest
import warnings

import mock
import packaging
import requests
import pytest
import pytz
import pkg_resources

try:
    import pandas
except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # pragma: NO COVER
    pandas = None
try:
    import opentelemetry
    from opentelemetry import trace
    from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider
    from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import SimpleExportSpanProcessor
    from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.in_memory_span_exporter import (
        InMemorySpanExporter,
    )
except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # pragma: NO COVER
    opentelemetry = None
try:
    import pyarrow
except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # pragma: NO COVER
    pyarrow = None

import google.api_core.exceptions
from google.api_core import client_info
import google.cloud._helpers
from google.cloud import bigquery_v2
from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import DatasetReference

try:
    from google.cloud import bigquery_storage
except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # pragma: NO COVER
    bigquery_storage = None
from test_utils.imports import maybe_fail_import
from tests.unit.helpers import make_connection

PANDAS_MINIUM_VERSION = pkg_resources.parse_version("1.0.0")

if pandas is not None:
    PANDAS_INSTALLED_VERSION = pkg_resources.get_distribution("pandas").parsed_version
else:
    # Set to less than MIN version.
    PANDAS_INSTALLED_VERSION = pkg_resources.parse_version("0.0.0")


def _make_credentials():
    import google.auth.credentials

    return mock.Mock(spec=google.auth.credentials.Credentials)


def _make_list_partitons_meta_info(project, dataset_id, table_id, num_rows=0):
    return {
        "tableReference": {
            "projectId": project,
            "datasetId": dataset_id,
            "tableId": "{}$__PARTITIONS_SUMMARY__".format(table_id),
        },
        "schema": {
            "fields": [
                {"name": "project_id", "type": "STRING", "mode": "NULLABLE"},
                {"name": "dataset_id", "type": "STRING", "mode": "NULLABLE"},
                {"name": "table_id", "type": "STRING", "mode": "NULLABLE"},
                {"name": "partition_id", "type": "STRING", "mode": "NULLABLE"},
            ]
        },
        "etag": "ETAG",
        "numRows": num_rows,
    }


class TestClient(unittest.TestCase):

    PROJECT = "PROJECT"
    DS_ID = "DATASET_ID"
    TABLE_ID = "TABLE_ID"
    MODEL_ID = "MODEL_ID"
    TABLE_REF = DatasetReference(PROJECT, DS_ID).table(TABLE_ID)
    KMS_KEY_NAME = "projects/1/locations/us/keyRings/1/cryptoKeys/1"
    LOCATION = "us-central"

    @staticmethod
    def _get_target_class():
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import Client

        return Client

    def _make_one(self, *args, **kw):
        return self._get_target_class()(*args, **kw)

    def _make_table_resource(self):
        return {
            "id": "%s:%s:%s" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID),
            "tableReference": {
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
            },
        }

    def test_ctor_defaults(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery._http import Connection

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        self.assertIsInstance(client._connection, Connection)
        self.assertIs(client._connection.credentials, creds)
        self.assertIs(client._connection.http, http)
        self.assertIsNone(client.location)
        self.assertEqual(
            client._connection.API_BASE_URL, Connection.DEFAULT_API_ENDPOINT
        )

    def test_ctor_w_empty_client_options(self):
        from google.api_core.client_options import ClientOptions

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client_options = ClientOptions()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            client_options=client_options,
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            client._connection.API_BASE_URL, client._connection.DEFAULT_API_ENDPOINT
        )

    def test_ctor_w_client_options_dict(self):

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client_options = {"api_endpoint": "https://www.foo-googleapis.com"}
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            client_options=client_options,
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            client._connection.API_BASE_URL, "https://www.foo-googleapis.com"
        )

    def test_ctor_w_client_options_object(self):
        from google.api_core.client_options import ClientOptions

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client_options = ClientOptions(api_endpoint="https://www.foo-googleapis.com")
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            client_options=client_options,
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            client._connection.API_BASE_URL, "https://www.foo-googleapis.com"
        )

    def test_ctor_w_location(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery._http import Connection

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        location = "us-central"
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http, location=location
        )
        self.assertIsInstance(client._connection, Connection)
        self.assertIs(client._connection.credentials, creds)
        self.assertIs(client._connection.http, http)
        self.assertEqual(client.location, location)

    def test_ctor_w_query_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery._http import Connection
        from google.cloud.bigquery import QueryJobConfig

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        location = "us-central"
        job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        job_config.dry_run = True

        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            location=location,
            default_query_job_config=job_config,
        )
        self.assertIsInstance(client._connection, Connection)
        self.assertIs(client._connection.credentials, creds)
        self.assertIs(client._connection.http, http)
        self.assertEqual(client.location, location)

        self.assertIsInstance(client._default_query_job_config, QueryJobConfig)
        self.assertTrue(client._default_query_job_config.dry_run)

    def test__call_api_applying_custom_retry_on_timeout(self):
        from concurrent.futures import TimeoutError
        from google.cloud.bigquery.retry import DEFAULT_RETRY

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)

        api_request_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            client._connection, "api_request", side_effect=[TimeoutError, "result"],
        )
        retry = DEFAULT_RETRY.with_deadline(1).with_predicate(
            lambda exc: isinstance(exc, TimeoutError)
        )

        with api_request_patcher as fake_api_request:
            result = client._call_api(retry, foo="bar")

        self.assertEqual(result, "result")
        self.assertEqual(
            fake_api_request.call_args_list,
            [mock.call(foo="bar"), mock.call(foo="bar")],  # was retried once
        )

    def test__call_api_span_creator_not_called(self):
        from concurrent.futures import TimeoutError
        from google.cloud.bigquery.retry import DEFAULT_RETRY

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)

        api_request_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            client._connection, "api_request", side_effect=[TimeoutError, "result"],
        )
        retry = DEFAULT_RETRY.with_deadline(1).with_predicate(
            lambda exc: isinstance(exc, TimeoutError)
        )

        with api_request_patcher:
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client._call_api(retry)

            final_attributes.assert_not_called()

    def test__call_api_span_creator_called(self):
        from concurrent.futures import TimeoutError
        from google.cloud.bigquery.retry import DEFAULT_RETRY

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)

        api_request_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            client._connection, "api_request", side_effect=[TimeoutError, "result"],
        )
        retry = DEFAULT_RETRY.with_deadline(1).with_predicate(
            lambda exc: isinstance(exc, TimeoutError)
        )

        with api_request_patcher:
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client._call_api(
                    retry,
                    span_name="test_name",
                    span_attributes={"test_attribute": "test_attribute-value"},
                )

            final_attributes.assert_called_once()

    def test__get_query_results_miss_w_explicit_project_and_timeout(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()
        path = "/projects/other-project/queries/nothere"
        with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client._get_query_results(
                    "nothere",
                    None,
                    project="other-project",
                    location=self.LOCATION,
                    timeout_ms=500,
                    timeout=420,
                )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path=path,
            query_params={"maxResults": 0, "timeoutMs": 500, "location": self.LOCATION},
            timeout=420,
        )

    def test__get_query_results_miss_w_short_timeout(self):
        import google.cloud.bigquery.client
        from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()
        path = "/projects/other-project/queries/nothere"
        with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
            client._get_query_results(
                "nothere",
                None,
                project="other-project",
                location=self.LOCATION,
                timeout_ms=500,
                timeout=1,
            )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path=path,
            query_params={"maxResults": 0, "timeoutMs": 500, "location": self.LOCATION},
            timeout=google.cloud.bigquery.client._MIN_GET_QUERY_RESULTS_TIMEOUT,
        )

    def test__get_query_results_miss_w_client_location(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds, location=self.LOCATION)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()

        with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
            client._get_query_results("nothere", None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path="/projects/PROJECT/queries/nothere",
            query_params={"maxResults": 0, "location": self.LOCATION},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test__get_query_results_hit(self):
        job_id = "query_job"
        data = {
            "kind": "bigquery#getQueryResultsResponse",
            "etag": "some-tag",
            "schema": {
                "fields": [
                    {"name": "title", "type": "STRING", "mode": "NULLABLE"},
                    {"name": "unique_words", "type": "INTEGER", "mode": "NULLABLE"},
                ]
            },
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": job_id},
            "totalRows": "10",
            "totalBytesProcessed": "2464625",
            "jobComplete": True,
            "cacheHit": False,
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        client._connection = make_connection(data)
        query_results = client._get_query_results(job_id, None)

        self.assertEqual(query_results.total_rows, 10)
        self.assertTrue(query_results.complete)

    def test_get_service_account_email(self):
        path = "/projects/%s/serviceAccount" % (self.PROJECT,)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        email = "bq-123@bigquery-encryption.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
        resource = {"kind": "bigquery#getServiceAccountResponse", "email": email}
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            service_account_email = client.get_service_account_email(timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(method="GET", path=path, timeout=7.5)
        self.assertEqual(service_account_email, email)

    def test_get_service_account_email_w_alternate_project(self):
        project = "my-alternate-project"
        path = "/projects/%s/serviceAccount" % (project,)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        email = "bq-123@bigquery-encryption.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
        resource = {"kind": "bigquery#getServiceAccountResponse", "email": email}
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            service_account_email = client.get_service_account_email(project=project)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(method="GET", path=path, timeout=None)
        self.assertEqual(service_account_email, email)

    def test_get_service_account_email_w_custom_retry(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.retry import DEFAULT_RETRY

        api_path = "/projects/{}/serviceAccount".format(self.PROJECT)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        resource = {
            "kind": "bigquery#getServiceAccountResponse",
            "email": "bq-123@bigquery-encryption.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
        }
        api_request_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            client._connection, "api_request", side_effect=[ValueError, resource],
        )

        retry = DEFAULT_RETRY.with_deadline(1).with_predicate(
            lambda exc: isinstance(exc, ValueError)
        )

        with api_request_patcher as fake_api_request:
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                service_account_email = client.get_service_account_email(
                    retry=retry, timeout=7.5
                )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": api_path}, client, None)
        self.assertEqual(
            service_account_email, "bq-123@bigquery-encryption.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            fake_api_request.call_args_list,
            [
                mock.call(method="GET", path=api_path, timeout=7.5),
                mock.call(method="GET", path=api_path, timeout=7.5),  # was retried once
            ],
        )

    def test_dataset_with_specified_project(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import DatasetReference

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        catch_warnings = warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)

        with catch_warnings as warned:
            dataset = client.dataset(self.DS_ID, self.PROJECT)

        matches = [
            warning
            for warning in warned
            if warning.category in (DeprecationWarning, PendingDeprecationWarning)
            and "Client.dataset" in str(warning)
            and "my_project.my_dataset" in str(warning)
        ]
        assert matches, "A Client.dataset deprecation warning was not raised."
        self.assertIsInstance(dataset, DatasetReference)
        self.assertEqual(dataset.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)
        self.assertEqual(dataset.project, self.PROJECT)

    def test_dataset_with_default_project(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import DatasetReference

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        catch_warnings = warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)

        with catch_warnings as warned:
            dataset = client.dataset(self.DS_ID)

        matches = [
            warning
            for warning in warned
            if warning.category in (DeprecationWarning, PendingDeprecationWarning)
            and "Client.dataset" in str(warning)
            and "my_project.my_dataset" in str(warning)
        ]
        assert matches, "A Client.dataset deprecation warning was not raised."
        self.assertIsInstance(dataset, DatasetReference)
        self.assertEqual(dataset.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)
        self.assertEqual(dataset.project, self.PROJECT)

    def test_get_dataset(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import ServerError

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        resource = {
            "id": "%s:%s" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID),
            "datasetReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "datasetId": self.DS_ID},
        }
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        dataset_ref = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            dataset = client.get_dataset(dataset_ref, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET", path="/%s" % path, timeout=7.5
        )
        self.assertEqual(dataset.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)

        # Test retry.

        # Not a cloud API exception (missing 'errors' field).
        client._connection = make_connection(Exception(""), resource)
        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.get_dataset(dataset_ref)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        # Zero-length errors field.
        client._connection = make_connection(ServerError(""), resource)
        with self.assertRaises(ServerError):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.get_dataset(dataset_ref)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        # Non-retryable reason.
        client._connection = make_connection(
            ServerError("", errors=[{"reason": "serious"}]), resource
        )
        with self.assertRaises(ServerError):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.get_dataset(dataset_ref)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        # Retryable reason, but retry is disabled.
        client._connection = make_connection(
            ServerError("", errors=[{"reason": "backendError"}]), resource
        )
        with self.assertRaises(ServerError):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.get_dataset(dataset_ref, retry=None)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        # Retryable reason, default retry: success.
        client._connection = make_connection(
            ServerError("", errors=[{"reason": "backendError"}]), resource
        )
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            dataset = client.get_dataset(
                # Test with a string for dataset ID.
                dataset_ref.dataset_id
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        self.assertEqual(dataset.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)

    @unittest.skipIf(
        bigquery_storage is None, "Requires `google-cloud-bigquery-storage`"
    )
    def test_ensure_bqstorage_client_creating_new_instance(self):
        mock_client = mock.create_autospec(bigquery_storage.BigQueryReadClient)
        mock_client_instance = object()
        mock_client.return_value = mock_client_instance
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery_storage.BigQueryReadClient", mock_client
        ):
            bqstorage_client = client._ensure_bqstorage_client(
                client_options=mock.sentinel.client_options,
                client_info=mock.sentinel.client_info,
            )

        self.assertIs(bqstorage_client, mock_client_instance)
        mock_client.assert_called_once_with(
            credentials=creds,
            client_options=mock.sentinel.client_options,
            client_info=mock.sentinel.client_info,
        )

    def test_ensure_bqstorage_client_missing_dependency(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)

        def fail_bqstorage_import(name, globals, locals, fromlist, level):
            # NOTE: *very* simplified, assuming a straightforward absolute import
            return "bigquery_storage" in name or (
                fromlist is not None and "bigquery_storage" in fromlist
            )

        no_bqstorage = maybe_fail_import(predicate=fail_bqstorage_import)

        with no_bqstorage, warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as warned:
            bqstorage_client = client._ensure_bqstorage_client()

        self.assertIsNone(bqstorage_client)
        matching_warnings = [
            warning
            for warning in warned
            if "not installed" in str(warning)
            and "google-cloud-bigquery-storage" in str(warning)
        ]
        assert matching_warnings, "Missing dependency warning not raised."

    @unittest.skipIf(
        bigquery_storage is None, "Requires `google-cloud-bigquery-storage`"
    )
    def test_ensure_bqstorage_client_obsolete_dependency(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.exceptions import LegacyBigQueryStorageError

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)

        patcher = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.BQ_STORAGE_VERSIONS.verify_version",
            side_effect=LegacyBigQueryStorageError("BQ Storage too old"),
        )
        with patcher, warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as warned:
            bqstorage_client = client._ensure_bqstorage_client()

        self.assertIsNone(bqstorage_client)
        matching_warnings = [
            warning for warning in warned if "BQ Storage too old" in str(warning)
        ]
        assert matching_warnings, "Obsolete dependency warning not raised."

    @unittest.skipIf(
        bigquery_storage is None, "Requires `google-cloud-bigquery-storage`"
    )
    def test_ensure_bqstorage_client_existing_client_check_passes(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        mock_storage_client = mock.sentinel.mock_storage_client

        bqstorage_client = client._ensure_bqstorage_client(
            bqstorage_client=mock_storage_client
        )

        self.assertIs(bqstorage_client, mock_storage_client)

    @unittest.skipIf(
        bigquery_storage is None, "Requires `google-cloud-bigquery-storage`"
    )
    def test_ensure_bqstorage_client_existing_client_check_fails(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.exceptions import LegacyBigQueryStorageError

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        mock_storage_client = mock.sentinel.mock_storage_client

        patcher = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.BQ_STORAGE_VERSIONS.verify_version",
            side_effect=LegacyBigQueryStorageError("BQ Storage too old"),
        )
        with patcher, warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as warned:
            bqstorage_client = client._ensure_bqstorage_client(mock_storage_client)

        self.assertIsNone(bqstorage_client)
        matching_warnings = [
            warning for warning in warned if "BQ Storage too old" in str(warning)
        ]
        assert matching_warnings, "Obsolete dependency warning not raised."

    def test_create_routine_w_minimal_resource(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import Routine
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import RoutineReference

        creds = _make_credentials()
        path = "/projects/test-routine-project/datasets/test_routines/routines"
        resource = {
            "routineReference": {
                "projectId": "test-routine-project",
                "datasetId": "test_routines",
                "routineId": "minimal_routine",
            }
        }
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        full_routine_id = "test-routine-project.test_routines.minimal_routine"
        routine = Routine(full_routine_id)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            actual_routine = client.create_routine(routine, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path=path, data=resource, timeout=7.5,
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            actual_routine.reference, RoutineReference.from_string(full_routine_id)
        )

    def test_create_routine_w_conflict(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import Routine

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists("routine already exists")
        )
        path = "/projects/test-routine-project/datasets/test_routines/routines"
        full_routine_id = "test-routine-project.test_routines.minimal_routine"
        routine = Routine(full_routine_id)

        with pytest.raises(google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.create_routine(routine)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        resource = {
            "routineReference": {
                "projectId": "test-routine-project",
                "datasetId": "test_routines",
                "routineId": "minimal_routine",
            }
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path=path, data=resource, timeout=None,
        )

    @unittest.skipIf(opentelemetry is None, "Requires `opentelemetry`")
    def test_span_status_is_set(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import Routine

        tracer_provider = TracerProvider()
        memory_exporter = InMemorySpanExporter()
        span_processor = SimpleExportSpanProcessor(memory_exporter)
        tracer_provider.add_span_processor(span_processor)
        trace.set_tracer_provider(tracer_provider)

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists("routine already exists")
        )
        path = "/projects/test-routine-project/datasets/test_routines/routines"
        full_routine_id = "test-routine-project.test_routines.minimal_routine"
        routine = Routine(full_routine_id)

        with pytest.raises(google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists):
            client.create_routine(routine)

        span_list = memory_exporter.get_finished_spans()
        self.assertTrue(span_list[0].status is not None)

        resource = {
            "routineReference": {
                "projectId": "test-routine-project",
                "datasetId": "test_routines",
                "routineId": "minimal_routine",
            }
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path=path, data=resource, timeout=None,
        )

    def test_create_routine_w_conflict_exists_ok(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import Routine

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = {
            "routineReference": {
                "projectId": "test-routine-project",
                "datasetId": "test_routines",
                "routineId": "minimal_routine",
            }
        }
        path = "/projects/test-routine-project/datasets/test_routines/routines"

        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists("routine already exists"), resource
        )
        full_routine_id = "test-routine-project.test_routines.minimal_routine"
        routine = Routine(full_routine_id)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            actual_routine = client.create_routine(routine, exists_ok=True)

        final_attributes.assert_called_with(
            {"path": "%s/minimal_routine" % path}, client, None
        )

        self.assertEqual(actual_routine.project, "test-routine-project")
        self.assertEqual(actual_routine.dataset_id, "test_routines")
        self.assertEqual(actual_routine.routine_id, "minimal_routine")
        conn.api_request.assert_has_calls(
            [
                mock.call(method="POST", path=path, data=resource, timeout=None,),
                mock.call(
                    method="GET",
                    path="/projects/test-routine-project/datasets/test_routines/routines/minimal_routine",
                    timeout=None,
                ),
            ]
        )

    def test_create_table_w_day_partition(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import TimePartitioning

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        table.time_partitioning = TimePartitioning()
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(table, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": table.dataset_id}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "timePartitioning": {"type": "DAY"},
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=7.5,
        )
        self.assertEqual(table.time_partitioning.type_, "DAY")
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_create_table_w_custom_property(self):
        # The library should handle sending properties to the API that are not
        # yet part of the library
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        resource["newAlphaProperty"] = "unreleased property"
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        table._properties["newAlphaProperty"] = "unreleased property"
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(table)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": table.dataset_id}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "newAlphaProperty": "unreleased property",
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(got._properties["newAlphaProperty"], "unreleased property")
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_create_table_w_encryption_configuration(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.encryption_configuration import (
            EncryptionConfiguration,
        )
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        table.encryption_configuration = EncryptionConfiguration(
            kms_key_name=self.KMS_KEY_NAME
        )
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(table)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": table.dataset_id}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "labels": {},
                "encryptionConfiguration": {"kmsKeyName": self.KMS_KEY_NAME},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_create_table_w_day_partition_and_expire(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import TimePartitioning

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        table.time_partitioning = TimePartitioning(expiration_ms=100)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(table)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": table.dataset_id}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "timePartitioning": {"type": "DAY", "expirationMs": "100"},
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(table.time_partitioning.type_, "DAY")
        self.assertEqual(table.time_partitioning.expiration_ms, 100)
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_create_table_w_schema_and_query(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        query = "SELECT * from %s:%s" % (self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        resource.update(
            {
                "schema": {
                    "fields": [
                        {
                            "name": "full_name",
                            "type": "STRING",
                            "mode": "REQUIRED",
                            "policyTags": {"names": []},
                        },
                        {
                            "name": "age",
                            "type": "INTEGER",
                            "mode": "REQUIRED",
                            "policyTags": {"names": []},
                        },
                    ]
                },
                "view": {"query": query},
            }
        )
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
        ]
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)
        table.view_query = query

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(table)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": table.dataset_id}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "schema": {
                    "fields": [
                        {
                            "name": "full_name",
                            "type": "STRING",
                            "mode": "REQUIRED",
                            "policyTags": {"names": []},
                        },
                        {
                            "name": "age",
                            "type": "INTEGER",
                            "mode": "REQUIRED",
                            "policyTags": {"names": []},
                        },
                    ]
                },
                "view": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": False},
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)
        self.assertEqual(got.project, self.PROJECT)
        self.assertEqual(got.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)
        self.assertEqual(got.schema, schema)
        self.assertEqual(got.view_query, query)

    def test_create_table_w_external(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.external_config import ExternalConfig
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import SourceFormat
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        resource.update(
            {
                "externalDataConfiguration": {
                    "sourceFormat": SourceFormat.CSV,
                    "autodetect": True,
                }
            }
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        ec = ExternalConfig("CSV")
        ec.autodetect = True
        table.external_data_configuration = ec

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(table)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": table.dataset_id}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "externalDataConfiguration": {
                    "sourceFormat": SourceFormat.CSV,
                    "autodetect": True,
                },
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)
        self.assertEqual(got.project, self.PROJECT)
        self.assertEqual(got.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)
        self.assertEqual(
            got.external_data_configuration.source_format, SourceFormat.CSV
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.external_data_configuration.autodetect, True)

    def test_create_table_w_reference(self):
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(self.TABLE_REF)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id},
            client,
            None,
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_create_table_w_fully_qualified_string(self):
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(
                "{}.{}.{}".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID)
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id},
            client,
            None,
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_create_table_w_string(self):
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table("{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID))

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "dataset_id": self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id},
            client,
            None,
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_create_table_alreadyexists_w_exists_ok_false(self):
        post_path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, location=self.LOCATION
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists("table already exists")
        )

        with pytest.raises(google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.create_table("{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID))

        final_attributes.assert_called_with(
            {"path": post_path, "dataset_id": self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id}, client, None,
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path=post_path,
            data={
                "tableReference": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                },
                "labels": {},
            },
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_create_table_alreadyexists_w_exists_ok_true(self):
        post_path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        get_path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID
        )
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, location=self.LOCATION
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.AlreadyExists("table already exists"), resource
        )

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.create_table(
                "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID), exists_ok=True
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_with({"path": get_path}, client, None)

        self.assertEqual(got.project, self.PROJECT)
        self.assertEqual(got.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)
        self.assertEqual(got.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

        conn.api_request.assert_has_calls(
            [
                mock.call(
                    method="POST",
                    path=post_path,
                    data={
                        "tableReference": {
                            "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                            "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                            "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
                        },
                        "labels": {},
                    },
                    timeout=None,
                ),
                mock.call(method="GET", path=get_path, timeout=None),
            ]
        )

    def test_close(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = mock.Mock()
        http._auth_request.session = mock.Mock()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        client.close()

        http.close.assert_called_once()
        http._auth_request.session.close.assert_called_once()

    def test_get_model(self):
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/models/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.MODEL_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        resource = {
            "modelReference": {
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                "modelId": self.MODEL_ID,
            }
        }
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        model_ref = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID).model(self.MODEL_ID)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.get_model(model_ref, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET", path="/%s" % path, timeout=7.5
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.model_id, self.MODEL_ID)

    def test_get_model_w_string(self):
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/models/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.MODEL_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        resource = {
            "modelReference": {
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                "modelId": self.MODEL_ID,
            }
        }
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        model_id = "{}.{}.{}".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            got = client.get_model(model_id)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET", path="/%s" % path, timeout=None
        )
        self.assertEqual(got.model_id, self.MODEL_ID)

    def test_get_routine(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import Routine
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import RoutineReference

        full_routine_id = "test-routine-project.test_routines.minimal_routine"
        routines = [
            full_routine_id,
            Routine(full_routine_id),
            RoutineReference.from_string(full_routine_id),
        ]
        for routine in routines:
            creds = _make_credentials()
            resource = {
                "etag": "im-an-etag",
                "routineReference": {
                    "projectId": "test-routine-project",
                    "datasetId": "test_routines",
                    "routineId": "minimal_routine",
                },
                "routineType": "SCALAR_FUNCTION",
            }
            path = "/projects/test-routine-project/datasets/test_routines/routines/minimal_routine"

            client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
            conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                actual_routine = client.get_routine(routine, timeout=7.5)

            final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

            conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
                method="GET", path=path, timeout=7.5,
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                actual_routine.reference,
                RoutineReference.from_string(full_routine_id),
                msg="routine={}".format(repr(routine)),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                actual_routine.etag,
                "im-an-etag",
                msg="routine={}".format(repr(routine)),
            )
            self.assertEqual(
                actual_routine.type_,
                "SCALAR_FUNCTION",
                msg="routine={}".format(repr(routine)),
            )

    def test_get_table(self):
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            table = client.get_table(self.TABLE_REF, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET", path="/%s" % path, timeout=7.5
        )
        self.assertEqual(table.table_id, self.TABLE_ID)

    def test_get_table_sets_user_agent(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = mock.create_autospec(requests.Session)
        mock_response = http.request(
            url=mock.ANY, method=mock.ANY, headers=mock.ANY, data=mock.ANY
        )
        http.reset_mock()
        http.is_mtls = False
        mock_response.status_code = 200
        mock_response.json.return_value = self._make_table_resource()
        user_agent_override = client_info.ClientInfo(user_agent="my-application/1.2.3")
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            client_info=user_agent_override,
            _http=http,
        )

        client.get_table(self.TABLE_REF)

        expected_user_agent = user_agent_override.to_user_agent()
        http.request.assert_called_once_with(
            url=mock.ANY,
            method="GET",
            headers={
                "X-Goog-API-Client": expected_user_agent,
                "Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
                "User-Agent": expected_user_agent,
            },
            data=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertIn("my-application/1.2.3", expected_user_agent)

    def test_get_iam_policy(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.iam import BIGQUERY_DATA_OWNER_ROLE
        from google.cloud.bigquery.iam import BIGQUERY_DATA_EDITOR_ROLE
        from google.cloud.bigquery.iam import BIGQUERY_DATA_VIEWER_ROLE
        from google.api_core.iam import Policy

        PATH = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}:getIamPolicy".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        BODY = {"options": {"requestedPolicyVersion": 1}}
        ETAG = "CARDI"
        VERSION = 1
        OWNER1 = "user:phred@example.com"
        OWNER2 = "group:cloud-logs@google.com"
        EDITOR1 = "domain:google.com"
        EDITOR2 = "user:phred@example.com"
        VIEWER1 = "serviceAccount:1234-abcdef@service.example.com"
        VIEWER2 = "user:phred@example.com"
        RETURNED = {
            "resourceId": PATH,
            "etag": ETAG,
            "version": VERSION,
            "bindings": [
                {"role": BIGQUERY_DATA_OWNER_ROLE, "members": [OWNER1, OWNER2]},
                {"role": BIGQUERY_DATA_EDITOR_ROLE, "members": [EDITOR1, EDITOR2]},
                {"role": BIGQUERY_DATA_VIEWER_ROLE, "members": [VIEWER1, VIEWER2]},
            ],
        }
        EXPECTED = {
            binding["role"]: set(binding["members"]) for binding in RETURNED["bindings"]
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RETURNED)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            policy = client.get_iam_policy(self.TABLE_REF, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": PATH}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path=PATH, data=BODY, timeout=7.5
        )

        self.assertIsInstance(policy, Policy)
        self.assertEqual(policy.etag, RETURNED["etag"])
        self.assertEqual(policy.version, RETURNED["version"])
        self.assertEqual(dict(policy), EXPECTED)

    def test_get_iam_policy_w_invalid_table(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        table_resource_string = "projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID,
        )

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.get_iam_policy(table_resource_string)

    def test_get_iam_policy_w_invalid_version(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            client.get_iam_policy(self.TABLE_REF, requested_policy_version=2)

    def test_set_iam_policy(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.iam import BIGQUERY_DATA_OWNER_ROLE
        from google.cloud.bigquery.iam import BIGQUERY_DATA_EDITOR_ROLE
        from google.cloud.bigquery.iam import BIGQUERY_DATA_VIEWER_ROLE
        from google.api_core.iam import Policy

        PATH = "/projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s:setIamPolicy" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        ETAG = "foo"
        VERSION = 1
        OWNER1 = "user:phred@example.com"
        OWNER2 = "group:cloud-logs@google.com"
        EDITOR1 = "domain:google.com"
        EDITOR2 = "user:phred@example.com"
        VIEWER1 = "serviceAccount:1234-abcdef@service.example.com"
        VIEWER2 = "user:phred@example.com"
        BINDINGS = [
            {"role": BIGQUERY_DATA_OWNER_ROLE, "members": [OWNER1, OWNER2]},
            {"role": BIGQUERY_DATA_EDITOR_ROLE, "members": [EDITOR1, EDITOR2]},
            {"role": BIGQUERY_DATA_VIEWER_ROLE, "members": [VIEWER1, VIEWER2]},
        ]
        MASK = "bindings,etag"
        RETURNED = {"etag": ETAG, "version": VERSION, "bindings": BINDINGS}

        policy = Policy()
        for binding in BINDINGS:
            policy[binding["role"]] = binding["members"]

        BODY = {"policy": policy.to_api_repr(), "updateMask": MASK}

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RETURNED)

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            returned_policy = client.set_iam_policy(
                self.TABLE_REF, policy, updateMask=MASK, timeout=7.5
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": PATH}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path=PATH, data=BODY, timeout=7.5
        )
        self.assertEqual(returned_policy.etag, ETAG)
        self.assertEqual(returned_policy.version, VERSION)
        self.assertEqual(dict(returned_policy), dict(policy))

    def test_set_iam_policy_no_mask(self):
        from google.api_core.iam import Policy

        PATH = "/projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s:setIamPolicy" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        RETURNED = {"etag": "foo", "version": 1, "bindings": []}

        policy = Policy()
        BODY = {"policy": policy.to_api_repr()}

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RETURNED)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            client.set_iam_policy(self.TABLE_REF, policy, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": PATH}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path=PATH, data=BODY, timeout=7.5
        )

    def test_set_iam_policy_invalid_policy(self):
        from google.api_core.iam import Policy

        policy = Policy()
        invalid_policy_repr = policy.to_api_repr()

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.set_iam_policy(self.TABLE_REF, invalid_policy_repr)

    def test_set_iam_policy_w_invalid_table(self):
        from google.api_core.iam import Policy

        policy = Policy()

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        table_resource_string = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.set_iam_policy(table_resource_string, policy)

    def test_test_iam_permissions(self):
        PATH = "/projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s:testIamPermissions" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )

        PERMISSIONS = ["bigquery.tables.get", "bigquery.tables.update"]
        BODY = {"permissions": PERMISSIONS}
        RETURNED = {"permissions": PERMISSIONS}

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RETURNED)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            client.test_iam_permissions(self.TABLE_REF, PERMISSIONS, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": PATH}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path=PATH, data=BODY, timeout=7.5
        )

    def test_test_iam_permissions_w_invalid_table(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        table_resource_string = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )

        PERMISSIONS = ["bigquery.tables.get", "bigquery.tables.update"]

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.test_iam_permissions(table_resource_string, PERMISSIONS)

    def test_update_dataset_w_invalid_field(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import Dataset

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            client.update_dataset(
                Dataset("{}.{}".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)), ["foo"]
            )

    def test_update_dataset(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import Dataset, AccessEntry

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        DESCRIPTION = "DESCRIPTION"
        FRIENDLY_NAME = "TITLE"
        LOCATION = "loc"
        LABELS = {"priority": "high"}
        ACCESS = [{"role": "OWNER", "userByEmail": "phred@example.com"}]
        EXP = 17
        RESOURCE = {
            "datasetReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "datasetId": self.DS_ID},
            "etag": "etag",
            "description": DESCRIPTION,
            "friendlyName": FRIENDLY_NAME,
            "location": LOCATION,
            "defaultTableExpirationMs": EXP,
            "labels": LABELS,
            "access": ACCESS,
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE, RESOURCE)
        ds = Dataset(DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID))
        ds.description = DESCRIPTION
        ds.friendly_name = FRIENDLY_NAME
        ds.location = LOCATION
        ds.default_table_expiration_ms = EXP
        ds.labels = LABELS
        ds.access_entries = [AccessEntry("OWNER", "userByEmail", "phred@example.com")]
        fields = [
            "description",
            "friendly_name",
            "location",
            "labels",
            "access_entries",
        ]

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            ds2 = client.update_dataset(ds, fields=fields, timeout=7.5,)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % PATH, "fields": fields}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PATCH",
            data={
                "description": DESCRIPTION,
                "friendlyName": FRIENDLY_NAME,
                "location": LOCATION,
                "labels": LABELS,
                "access": ACCESS,
            },
            path="/" + PATH,
            headers=None,
            timeout=7.5,
        )
        self.assertEqual(ds2.description, ds.description)
        self.assertEqual(ds2.friendly_name, ds.friendly_name)
        self.assertEqual(ds2.location, ds.location)
        self.assertEqual(ds2.labels, ds.labels)
        self.assertEqual(ds2.access_entries, ds.access_entries)

        # ETag becomes If-Match header.
        ds._properties["etag"] = "etag"
        client.update_dataset(ds, [])
        req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["headers"]["If-Match"], "etag")

    def test_update_dataset_w_custom_property(self):
        # The library should handle sending properties to the API that are not
        # yet part of the library
        from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import Dataset

        path = "/projects/%s/datasets/%s" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        resource = {
            "datasetReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "datasetId": self.DS_ID},
            "newAlphaProperty": "unreleased property",
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        dataset = Dataset(DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID))
        dataset._properties["newAlphaProperty"] = "unreleased property"

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            dataset = client.update_dataset(dataset, ["newAlphaProperty"])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": path, "fields": ["newAlphaProperty"]}, client, None
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PATCH",
            data={"newAlphaProperty": "unreleased property"},
            path=path,
            headers=None,
            timeout=None,
        )

        self.assertEqual(dataset.dataset_id, self.DS_ID)
        self.assertEqual(dataset.project, self.PROJECT)
        self.assertEqual(dataset._properties["newAlphaProperty"], "unreleased property")

    def test_update_model(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.model import Model

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/models/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.MODEL_ID,
        )
        description = "description"
        title = "title"
        expires = datetime.datetime(
            2012, 12, 21, 16, 0, 0, tzinfo=google.cloud._helpers.UTC
        )
        resource = {
            "modelReference": {
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                "modelId": self.MODEL_ID,
            },
            "description": description,
            "etag": "etag",
            "expirationTime": str(google.cloud._helpers._millis(expires)),
            "friendlyName": title,
            "labels": {"x": "y"},
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource, resource)
        model_id = "{}.{}.{}".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID)
        model = Model(model_id)
        model.description = description
        model.friendly_name = title
        model.expires = expires
        model.labels = {"x": "y"}
        fields = ["description", "friendly_name", "labels", "expires"]
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            updated_model = client.update_model(model, fields, timeout=7.5)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": fields}, client, None
        )

        sent = {
            "description": description,
            "expirationTime": str(google.cloud._helpers._millis(expires)),
            "friendlyName": title,
            "labels": {"x": "y"},
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PATCH", data=sent, path="/" + path, headers=None, timeout=7.5
        )
        self.assertEqual(updated_model.model_id, model.model_id)
        self.assertEqual(updated_model.description, model.description)
        self.assertEqual(updated_model.friendly_name, model.friendly_name)
        self.assertEqual(updated_model.labels, model.labels)
        self.assertEqual(updated_model.expires, model.expires)

        # ETag becomes If-Match header.
        model._proto.etag = "etag"
        client.update_model(model, [])
        req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["headers"]["If-Match"], "etag")

    def test_update_routine(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import Routine
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import RoutineArgument

        full_routine_id = "routines-project.test_routines.updated_routine"
        resource = {
            "routineReference": {
                "projectId": "routines-project",
                "datasetId": "test_routines",
                "routineId": "updated_routine",
            },
            "routineType": "SCALAR_FUNCTION",
            "language": "SQL",
            "definitionBody": "x * 3",
            "arguments": [{"name": "x", "dataType": {"typeKind": "INT64"}}],
            "returnType": None,
            "someNewField": "someValue",
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource, resource)
        routine = Routine(full_routine_id)
        routine.arguments = [
            RoutineArgument(
                name="x",
                data_type=bigquery_v2.types.StandardSqlDataType(
                    type_kind=bigquery_v2.types.StandardSqlDataType.TypeKind.INT64
                ),
            )
        ]
        routine.body = "x * 3"
        routine.language = "SQL"
        routine.type_ = "SCALAR_FUNCTION"
        routine._properties["someNewField"] = "someValue"
        fields = [
            "arguments",
            "language",
            "body",
            "type_",
            "return_type",
            "someNewField",
        ]

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            actual_routine = client.update_routine(routine, fields, timeout=7.5,)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": routine.path, "fields": fields}, client, None
        )

        # TODO: routineReference isn't needed when the Routines API supports
        #       partial updates.
        sent = resource
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PUT",
            data=sent,
            path="/projects/routines-project/datasets/test_routines/routines/updated_routine",
            headers=None,
            timeout=7.5,
        )
        self.assertEqual(actual_routine.arguments, routine.arguments)
        self.assertEqual(actual_routine.body, routine.body)
        self.assertEqual(actual_routine.language, routine.language)
        self.assertEqual(actual_routine.type_, routine.type_)

        # ETag becomes If-Match header.
        routine._properties["etag"] = "im-an-etag"
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            client.update_routine(routine, [])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": routine.path, "fields": []}, client, None
        )

        req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["headers"]["If-Match"], "im-an-etag")

    def test_update_table(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        description = "description"
        title = "title"
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        resource.update(
            {
                "schema": {
                    "fields": [
                        {
                            "name": "full_name",
                            "type": "STRING",
                            "mode": "REQUIRED",
                            "description": None,
                            "policyTags": {"names": []},
                        },
                        {
                            "name": "age",
                            "type": "INTEGER",
                            "mode": "REQUIRED",
                            "description": "New field description",
                            "policyTags": {"names": []},
                        },
                    ]
                },
                "etag": "etag",
                "description": description,
                "friendlyName": title,
                "labels": {"x": "y"},
            }
        )
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED", description=None),
            SchemaField(
                "age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED", description="New field description"
            ),
        ]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource, resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)
        table.description = description
        table.friendly_name = title
        table.labels = {"x": "y"}
        fields = ["schema", "description", "friendly_name", "labels"]
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            updated_table = client.update_table(table, fields, timeout=7.5)
        span_path = "/%s" % path

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": span_path, "fields": fields}, client, None
        )

        sent = {
            "schema": {
                "fields": [
                    {
                        "name": "full_name",
                        "type": "STRING",
                        "mode": "REQUIRED",
                        "description": None,
                        "policyTags": {"names": []},
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "age",
                        "type": "INTEGER",
                        "mode": "REQUIRED",
                        "description": "New field description",
                        "policyTags": {"names": []},
                    },
                ]
            },
            "description": description,
            "friendlyName": title,
            "labels": {"x": "y"},
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PATCH", data=sent, path="/" + path, headers=None, timeout=7.5
        )
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.description, table.description)
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.friendly_name, table.friendly_name)
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.schema, table.schema)
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.labels, table.labels)

        # ETag becomes If-Match header.
        table._properties["etag"] = "etag"
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            client.update_table(table, [])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": []}, client, None
        )

        req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["headers"]["If-Match"], "etag")

    def test_update_table_w_custom_property(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        resource["newAlphaProperty"] = "unreleased property"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        table._properties["newAlphaProperty"] = "unreleased property"

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            updated_table = client.update_table(table, ["newAlphaProperty"])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": ["newAlphaProperty"]}, client, None,
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PATCH",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={"newAlphaProperty": "unreleased property"},
            headers=None,
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            updated_table._properties["newAlphaProperty"], "unreleased property"
        )

    def test_update_table_only_use_legacy_sql(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        resource["view"] = {"useLegacySql": True}
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        table.view_use_legacy_sql = True
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            updated_table = client.update_table(table, ["view_use_legacy_sql"])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": ["view_use_legacy_sql"]}, client, None,
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PATCH",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={"view": {"useLegacySql": True}},
            headers=None,
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.view_use_legacy_sql, table.view_use_legacy_sql)

    def test_update_table_w_query(self):
        import datetime
        from google.cloud._helpers import UTC
        from google.cloud._helpers import _millis
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        query = "select fullname, age from person_ages"
        location = "EU"
        exp_time = datetime.datetime(2015, 8, 1, 23, 59, 59, tzinfo=UTC)
        schema_resource = {
            "fields": [
                {
                    "name": "full_name",
                    "type": "STRING",
                    "mode": "REQUIRED",
                    "description": None,
                    "policyTags": {"names": []},
                },
                {
                    "name": "age",
                    "type": "INTEGER",
                    "mode": "REQUIRED",
                    "description": "this is a column",
                    "policyTags": {"names": []},
                },
                {
                    "name": "country",
                    "type": "STRING",
                    "mode": "NULLABLE",
                    "policyTags": {"names": []},
                },
            ]
        }
        schema = [
            SchemaField(
                "full_name",
                "STRING",
                mode="REQUIRED",
                # Explicitly unset the description.
                description=None,
            ),
            SchemaField(
                "age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED", description="this is a column"
            ),
            # Omit the description to not make updates to it.
            SchemaField("country", "STRING"),
        ]
        resource = self._make_table_resource()
        resource.update(
            {
                "schema": schema_resource,
                "view": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": True},
                "location": location,
                "expirationTime": _millis(exp_time),
            }
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)
        table.expires = exp_time
        table.view_query = query
        table.view_use_legacy_sql = True
        updated_properties = ["schema", "view_query", "expires", "view_use_legacy_sql"]
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            updated_table = client.update_table(table, updated_properties)

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": updated_properties}, client, None,
        )

        self.assertEqual(updated_table.schema, table.schema)
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.view_query, table.view_query)
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.expires, table.expires)
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.view_use_legacy_sql, table.view_use_legacy_sql)
        self.assertEqual(updated_table.location, location)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="PATCH",
            path="/%s" % path,
            data={
                "view": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": True},
                "expirationTime": str(_millis(exp_time)),
                "schema": schema_resource,
            },
            headers=None,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_update_table_w_schema_None(self):
        # Simulate deleting schema:  not sure if back-end will actually
        # allow this operation, but the spec says it is optional.
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        resource1 = self._make_table_resource()
        resource1.update(
            {
                "schema": {
                    "fields": [
                        {"name": "full_name", "type": "STRING", "mode": "REQUIRED"},
                        {"name": "age", "type": "INTEGER", "mode": "REQUIRED"},
                    ]
                }
            }
        )
        resource2 = self._make_table_resource()
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource1, resource2)
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            table = client.get_table(
                # Test with string for table ID
                "{}.{}.{}".format(
                    self.TABLE_REF.project,
                    self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id,
                    self.TABLE_REF.table_id,
                )
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None)

        table.schema = None

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            updated_table = client.update_table(table, ["schema"])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": ["schema"]}, client, None
        )

        self.assertEqual(len(conn.api_request.call_args_list), 2)
        req = conn.api_request.call_args_list[1]
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["method"], "PATCH")
        sent = {"schema": None}
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["data"], sent)
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["path"], "/%s" % path)
        self.assertEqual(len(updated_table.schema), 0)

    def test_update_table_delete_property(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        description = "description"
        title = "title"
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        resource1 = self._make_table_resource()
        resource1.update({"description": description, "friendlyName": title})
        resource2 = self._make_table_resource()
        resource2["description"] = None
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource1, resource2)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        table.description = description
        table.friendly_name = title

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            table2 = client.update_table(table, ["description", "friendly_name"])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": ["description", "friendly_name"]},
            client,
            None,
        )

        self.assertEqual(table2.description, table.description)
        table2.description = None

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            table3 = client.update_table(table2, ["description"])

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
            {"path": "/%s" % path, "fields": ["description"]}, client, None
        )

        self.assertEqual(len(conn.api_request.call_args_list), 2)
        req = conn.api_request.call_args_list[1]
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["method"], "PATCH")
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["path"], "/%s" % path)
        sent = {"description": None}
        self.assertEqual(req[1]["data"], sent)
        self.assertIsNone(table3.description)

    def test_delete_job_metadata_not_found(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one("client-proj", creds, location="client-loc")
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("job not found"),
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("job not found"),
        )

        with self.assertRaises(google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound):
            client.delete_job_metadata("my-job")

        conn.api_request.reset_mock()
        client.delete_job_metadata("my-job", not_found_ok=True)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="DELETE",
            path="/projects/client-proj/jobs/my-job/delete",
            query_params={"location": "client-loc"},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_delete_job_metadata_with_id(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})

        client.delete_job_metadata("my-job", project="param-proj", location="param-loc")

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="DELETE",
            path="/projects/param-proj/jobs/my-job/delete",
            query_params={"location": "param-loc"},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_delete_job_metadata_with_resource(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob

        query_resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "job-based-proj",
                "jobId": "query_job",
                "location": "us-east1",
            },
            "configuration": {"query": {}},
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(query_resource)
        job_from_resource = QueryJob.from_api_repr(query_resource, client)

        client.delete_job_metadata(job_from_resource)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="DELETE",
            path="/projects/job-based-proj/jobs/query_job/delete",
            query_params={"location": "us-east1"},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_delete_model(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.model import Model

        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/models/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.MODEL_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        model_id = "{}.{}.{}".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID)
        models = (
            model_id,
            DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID).model(self.MODEL_ID),
            Model(model_id),
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(*([{}] * len(models)))

        for arg in models:
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.delete_model(arg, timeout=7.5)

            final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
                {"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None
            )
            conn.api_request.assert_called_with(
                method="DELETE", path="/%s" % path, timeout=7.5
            )

    def test_delete_model_w_wrong_type(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.delete_model(DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID))

    def test_delete_model_w_not_found_ok_false(self):
        path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/models/{}".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("model not found")
        )

        with self.assertRaises(google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound):
            client.delete_model("{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID))

        conn.api_request.assert_called_with(method="DELETE", path=path, timeout=None)

    def test_delete_model_w_not_found_ok_true(self):
        path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/models/{}".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("model not found")
        )
        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            client.delete_model(
                "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID), not_found_ok=True
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_with(method="DELETE", path=path, timeout=None)

    def test_delete_routine(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import Routine
        from google.cloud.bigquery.routine import RoutineReference

        full_routine_id = "test-routine-project.test_routines.minimal_routine"
        routines = [
            full_routine_id,
            Routine(full_routine_id),
            RoutineReference.from_string(full_routine_id),
        ]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        path = "/projects/test-routine-project/datasets/test_routines/routines/minimal_routine"
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(*([{}] * len(routines)))

        for routine in routines:
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.delete_routine(routine, timeout=7.5)

            final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

            conn.api_request.assert_called_with(
                method="DELETE", path=path, timeout=7.5,
            )

    def test_delete_routine_w_wrong_type(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.delete_routine(DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID))

    def test_delete_routine_w_not_found_ok_false(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("routine not found")
        )
        path = "/projects/routines-project/datasets/test_routines/routines/test_routine"

        with self.assertRaises(google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.delete_routine("routines-project.test_routines.test_routine")

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_with(
            method="DELETE", path=path, timeout=None,
        )

    def test_delete_routine_w_not_found_ok_true(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("routine not found")
        )
        path = "/projects/routines-project/datasets/test_routines/routines/test_routine"

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            client.delete_routine(
                "routines-project.test_routines.test_routine", not_found_ok=True
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_with(
            method="DELETE", path=path, timeout=None,
        )

    def test_delete_table(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        tables = (
            self.TABLE_REF,
            Table(self.TABLE_REF),
            "{}.{}.{}".format(
                self.TABLE_REF.project,
                self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id,
                self.TABLE_REF.table_id,
            ),
        )
        path = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(*([{}] * len(tables)))

        for arg in tables:
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.delete_table(arg, timeout=7.5)

            final_attributes.assert_called_once_with(
                {"path": "/%s" % path}, client, None
            )

            conn.api_request.assert_called_with(
                method="DELETE", path="/%s" % path, timeout=7.5
            )

    def test_delete_table_w_wrong_type(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.delete_table(DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID))

    def test_delete_table_w_not_found_ok_false(self):
        path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("table not found")
        )

        with self.assertRaises(google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound):
            with mock.patch(
                "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
            ) as final_attributes:
                client.delete_table("{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID))

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_with(method="DELETE", path=path, timeout=None)

    def test_delete_table_w_not_found_ok_true(self):
        path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(
            google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("table not found")
        )

        with mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.opentelemetry_tracing._get_final_span_attributes"
        ) as final_attributes:
            client.delete_table(
                "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID), not_found_ok=True
            )

        final_attributes.assert_called_once_with({"path": path}, client, None)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_with(method="DELETE", path=path, timeout=None)

    def _create_job_helper(self, job_config):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import _helpers

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": mock.ANY},
            "configuration": job_config,
        }
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        client.create_job(job_config=job_config)
        if "query" in job_config:
            _helpers._del_sub_prop(job_config, ["query", "destinationTable"])

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/%s/jobs" % self.PROJECT,
            data=RESOURCE,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_create_job_load_config(self):
        configuration = {
            "load": {
                "destinationTable": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": "source_table",
                },
                "sourceUris": ["gs://test_bucket/src_object*"],
            }
        }

        self._create_job_helper(configuration)

    def test_create_job_copy_config(self):
        configuration = {
            "copy": {
                "sourceTables": [
                    {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": "source_table",
                    }
                ],
                "destinationTable": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": "destination_table",
                },
            }
        }

        self._create_job_helper(configuration)

    def test_create_job_copy_config_w_single_source(self):
        configuration = {
            "copy": {
                "sourceTable": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": "source_table",
                },
                "destinationTable": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": "destination_table",
                },
            }
        }

        self._create_job_helper(configuration)

    def test_create_job_extract_config(self):
        configuration = {
            "extract": {
                "sourceTable": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "tableId": "source_table",
                },
                "destinationUris": ["gs://test_bucket/dst_object*"],
            }
        }
        self._create_job_helper(configuration)

    def test_create_job_extract_config_for_model(self):
        configuration = {
            "extract": {
                "sourceModel": {
                    "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                    "modelId": "source_model",
                },
                "destinationUris": ["gs://test_bucket/dst_object*"],
            }
        }
        self._create_job_helper(configuration)

    def test_create_job_query_config(self):
        configuration = {
            "query": {
                "query": "query",
                "destinationTable": {"tableId": "table_id"},
                "useLegacySql": False,
            }
        }
        self._create_job_helper(configuration)

    def test_create_job_query_config_w_rateLimitExceeded_error(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import Forbidden
        from google.cloud.bigquery.retry import DEFAULT_RETRY

        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        configuration = {
            "query": {
                "query": query,
                "useLegacySql": False,
                "destinationTable": {"tableId": "table_id"},
            }
        }
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": mock.ANY},
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": query,
                    "useLegacySql": False,
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": "query_destination_table",
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        data_without_destination = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": mock.ANY},
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": False}},
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        retry = DEFAULT_RETRY.with_deadline(1).with_predicate(
            lambda exc: isinstance(exc, Forbidden)
        )
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        api_request_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            client._connection,
            "api_request",
            side_effect=[
                Forbidden("", errors=[{"reason": "rateLimitExceeded"}]),
                resource,
            ],
        )

        with api_request_patcher as fake_api_request:
            job = client.create_job(job_config=configuration, retry=retry)

        self.assertEqual(job.destination.table_id, "query_destination_table")
        self.assertEqual(len(fake_api_request.call_args_list), 2)  # was retried once
        self.assertEqual(
            fake_api_request.call_args_list[1],
            mock.call(
                method="POST",
                path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs",
                data=data_without_destination,
                timeout=None,
            ),
        )

    def test_create_job_w_invalid_job_config(self):
        configuration = {"unknown": {}}
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.create_job(job_config=configuration)

        self.assertIn("Invalid job configuration", exc.exception.args[0])

    def test_job_from_resource_unknown_type(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import UnknownJob

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        got = client.job_from_resource({})  # Can parse redacted job.
        self.assertIsInstance(got, UnknownJob)
        self.assertEqual(got.project, self.PROJECT)

    def test_get_job_miss_w_explict_project(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound

        OTHER_PROJECT = "OTHER_PROJECT"
        JOB_ID = "NONESUCH"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()

        with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
            client.get_job(JOB_ID, project=OTHER_PROJECT)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path="/projects/OTHER_PROJECT/jobs/NONESUCH",
            query_params={"projection": "full"},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_get_job_miss_w_client_location(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound

        JOB_ID = "NONESUCH"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one("client-proj", creds, location="client-loc")
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()

        with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
            client.get_job(JOB_ID)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path="/projects/client-proj/jobs/NONESUCH",
            query_params={"projection": "full", "location": "client-loc"},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_get_job_hit_w_timeout(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import CreateDisposition
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import WriteDisposition

        JOB_ID = "query_job"
        QUERY_DESTINATION_TABLE = "query_destination_table"
        QUERY = "SELECT * from test_dataset:test_table"
        ASYNC_QUERY_DATA = {
            "id": "{}:{}".format(self.PROJECT, JOB_ID),
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "resource-proj",
                "jobId": "query_job",
                "location": "us-east1",
            },
            "state": "DONE",
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": QUERY,
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": QUERY_DESTINATION_TABLE,
                    },
                    "createDisposition": CreateDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED,
                    "writeDisposition": WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE,
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(ASYNC_QUERY_DATA)
        job_from_resource = QueryJob.from_api_repr(ASYNC_QUERY_DATA, client)

        job = client.get_job(job_from_resource, timeout=7.5)

        self.assertIsInstance(job, QueryJob)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB_ID)
        self.assertEqual(job.project, "resource-proj")
        self.assertEqual(job.location, "us-east1")
        self.assertEqual(job.create_disposition, CreateDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED)
        self.assertEqual(job.write_disposition, WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path="/projects/resource-proj/jobs/query_job",
            query_params={"projection": "full", "location": "us-east1"},
            timeout=7.5,
        )

    def test_cancel_job_miss_w_explict_project(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound

        OTHER_PROJECT = "OTHER_PROJECT"
        JOB_ID = "NONESUCH"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()

        with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
            client.cancel_job(JOB_ID, project=OTHER_PROJECT, location=self.LOCATION)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/OTHER_PROJECT/jobs/NONESUCH/cancel",
            query_params={"projection": "full", "location": self.LOCATION},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_cancel_job_miss_w_client_location(self):
        from google.cloud.exceptions import NotFound

        OTHER_PROJECT = "OTHER_PROJECT"
        JOB_ID = "NONESUCH"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds, location=self.LOCATION)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()

        with self.assertRaises(NotFound):
            client.cancel_job(JOB_ID, project=OTHER_PROJECT)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/OTHER_PROJECT/jobs/NONESUCH/cancel",
            query_params={"projection": "full", "location": self.LOCATION},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_cancel_job_hit(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob

        JOB_ID = "query_job"
        QUERY = "SELECT * from test_dataset:test_table"
        QUERY_JOB_RESOURCE = {
            "id": "{}:{}".format(self.PROJECT, JOB_ID),
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "job-based-proj",
                "jobId": "query_job",
                "location": "asia-northeast1",
            },
            "state": "RUNNING",
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": QUERY}},
        }
        RESOURCE = {"job": QUERY_JOB_RESOURCE}
        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        job_from_resource = QueryJob.from_api_repr(QUERY_JOB_RESOURCE, client)

        job = client.cancel_job(job_from_resource)

        self.assertIsInstance(job, QueryJob)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB_ID)
        self.assertEqual(job.project, "job-based-proj")
        self.assertEqual(job.location, "asia-northeast1")
        self.assertEqual(job.query, QUERY)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/job-based-proj/jobs/query_job/cancel",
            query_params={"projection": "full", "location": "asia-northeast1"},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_cancel_job_w_timeout(self):
        JOB_ID = "query_job"
        QUERY = "SELECT * from test_dataset:test_table"
        QUERY_JOB_RESOURCE = {
            "id": "{}:{}".format(self.PROJECT, JOB_ID),
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": "query_job"},
            "state": "RUNNING",
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": QUERY}},
        }
        RESOURCE = {"job": QUERY_JOB_RESOURCE}

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(self.PROJECT, creds)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)

        client.cancel_job(JOB_ID, timeout=7.5)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/{}/jobs/query_job/cancel".format(self.PROJECT),
            query_params={"projection": "full"},
            timeout=7.5,
        )

    def test_load_table_from_uri(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import LoadJob, LoadJobConfig

        JOB = "job_name"
        DESTINATION = "destination_table"
        SOURCE_URI = "http://example.com/source.csv"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "load": {
                    "sourceUris": [SOURCE_URI],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": DESTINATION,
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        job_config = LoadJobConfig()
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        destination = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID).table(DESTINATION)

        job = client.load_table_from_uri(
            SOURCE_URI, destination, job_id=JOB, job_config=job_config, timeout=7.5
        )

        # Check that load_table_from_uri actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/%s/jobs" % self.PROJECT,
            data=RESOURCE,
            timeout=7.5,
        )

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        self.assertEqual(job_config.to_api_repr(), original_config_copy.to_api_repr())

        self.assertIsInstance(job, LoadJob)
        self.assertIsInstance(job._configuration, LoadJobConfig)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(list(job.source_uris), [SOURCE_URI])
        self.assertEqual(job.destination, destination)

        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)

        job = client.load_table_from_uri([SOURCE_URI], destination, job_id=JOB)
        self.assertIsInstance(job, LoadJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(list(job.source_uris), [SOURCE_URI])
        self.assertEqual(job.destination, destination)

    def test_load_table_from_uri_w_explicit_project(self):
        job_id = "this-is-a-job-id"
        destination_id = "destination_table"
        source_uri = "gs://example/source.csv"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "load": {
                    "sourceUris": [source_uri],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": destination_id,
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        destination = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID).table(destination_id)

        client.load_table_from_uri(
            source_uri,
            destination,
            job_id=job_id,
            project="other-project",
            location=self.LOCATION,
        )

        # Check that load_table_from_uri actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_load_table_from_uri_w_client_location(self):
        job_id = "this-is-a-job-id"
        destination_id = "destination_table"
        source_uri = "gs://example/source.csv"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "load": {
                    "sourceUris": [source_uri],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": destination_id,
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http, location=self.LOCATION
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.load_table_from_uri(
            source_uri,
            # Test with string for table ID.
            "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, destination_id),
            job_id=job_id,
            project="other-project",
        )

        # Check that load_table_from_uri actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_load_table_from_uri_w_invalid_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        JOB = "job_name"
        DESTINATION = "destination_table"
        SOURCE_URI = "http://example.com/source.csv"

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        job_config = job.CopyJobConfig()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        destination = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID).table(DESTINATION)

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.load_table_from_uri(
                SOURCE_URI, destination, job_id=JOB, job_config=job_config
            )

        self.assertIn("Expected an instance of LoadJobConfig", exc.exception.args[0])

    @staticmethod
    def _mock_requests_response(status_code, headers, content=b""):
        return mock.Mock(
            content=content,
            headers=headers,
            status_code=status_code,
            spec=["content", "headers", "status_code"],
        )

    def _mock_transport(self, status_code, headers, content=b""):
        fake_transport = mock.Mock(spec=["request"])
        fake_response = self._mock_requests_response(
            status_code, headers, content=content
        )
        fake_transport.request.return_value = fake_response
        return fake_transport

    def _initiate_resumable_upload_helper(self, num_retries=None, mtls=False):
        from google.resumable_media.requests import ResumableUpload
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_CHUNKSIZE
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _GENERIC_CONTENT_TYPE
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _get_upload_headers
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import LoadJob
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import LoadJobConfig
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import SourceFormat

        # Create mocks to be checked for doing transport.
        resumable_url = "http://test.invalid?upload_id=hey-you"
        response_headers = {"location": resumable_url}
        fake_transport = self._mock_transport(http.client.OK, response_headers)
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, _http=fake_transport)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()
        if mtls:
            conn.get_api_base_url_for_mtls = mock.Mock(return_value="https://foo.mtls")

        # Create some mock arguments and call the method under test.
        data = b"goodbye gudbi gootbee"
        stream = io.BytesIO(data)
        config = LoadJobConfig()
        config.source_format = SourceFormat.CSV
        job = LoadJob(None, None, self.TABLE_REF, client, job_config=config)
        metadata = job.to_api_repr()
        upload, transport = client._initiate_resumable_upload(
            stream, metadata, num_retries, None
        )

        # Check the returned values.
        self.assertIsInstance(upload, ResumableUpload)

        host_name = "https://foo.mtls" if mtls else "https://bigquery.googleapis.com"
        upload_url = (
            f"{host_name}/upload/bigquery/v2/projects/{self.PROJECT}"
            "/jobs?uploadType=resumable"
        )
        self.assertEqual(upload.upload_url, upload_url)
        expected_headers = _get_upload_headers(conn.user_agent)
        self.assertEqual(upload._headers, expected_headers)
        self.assertFalse(upload.finished)
        self.assertEqual(upload._chunk_size, _DEFAULT_CHUNKSIZE)
        self.assertIs(upload._stream, stream)
        self.assertIsNone(upload._total_bytes)
        self.assertEqual(upload._content_type, _GENERIC_CONTENT_TYPE)
        self.assertEqual(upload.resumable_url, resumable_url)

        retry_strategy = upload._retry_strategy
        self.assertEqual(retry_strategy.max_sleep, 64.0)
        if num_retries is None:
            self.assertEqual(retry_strategy.max_cumulative_retry, 600.0)
            self.assertIsNone(retry_strategy.max_retries)
        else:
            self.assertIsNone(retry_strategy.max_cumulative_retry)
            self.assertEqual(retry_strategy.max_retries, num_retries)
        self.assertIs(transport, fake_transport)
        # Make sure we never read from the stream.
        self.assertEqual(stream.tell(), 0)

        # Check the mocks.
        request_headers = expected_headers.copy()
        request_headers["x-upload-content-type"] = _GENERIC_CONTENT_TYPE
        fake_transport.request.assert_called_once_with(
            "POST",
            upload_url,
            data=json.dumps(metadata).encode("utf-8"),
            headers=request_headers,
            timeout=mock.ANY,
        )

    def test__initiate_resumable_upload(self):
        self._initiate_resumable_upload_helper()

    def test__initiate_resumable_upload_mtls(self):
        self._initiate_resumable_upload_helper(mtls=True)

    def test__initiate_resumable_upload_with_retry(self):
        self._initiate_resumable_upload_helper(num_retries=11)

    def _do_multipart_upload_success_helper(
        self, get_boundary, num_retries=None, project=None, mtls=False
    ):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _get_upload_headers
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import LoadJob
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import LoadJobConfig
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import SourceFormat

        fake_transport = self._mock_transport(http.client.OK, {})
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, _http=fake_transport)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection()
        if mtls:
            conn.get_api_base_url_for_mtls = mock.Mock(return_value="https://foo.mtls")

        if project is None:
            project = self.PROJECT

        # Create some mock arguments.
        data = b"Bzzzz-zap \x00\x01\xf4"
        stream = io.BytesIO(data)
        config = LoadJobConfig()
        config.source_format = SourceFormat.CSV
        job = LoadJob(None, None, self.TABLE_REF, client, job_config=config)
        metadata = job.to_api_repr()
        size = len(data)

        response = client._do_multipart_upload(
            stream, metadata, size, num_retries, None, project=project
        )

        # Check the mocks and the returned value.
        self.assertIs(response, fake_transport.request.return_value)
        self.assertEqual(stream.tell(), size)
        get_boundary.assert_called_once_with()

        host_name = "https://foo.mtls" if mtls else "https://bigquery.googleapis.com"
        upload_url = (
            f"{host_name}/upload/bigquery/v2/projects/{project}"
            "/jobs?uploadType=multipart"
        )
        payload = (
            b"--==0==\r\n"
            b"content-type: application/json; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n"
            b"%(json_metadata)s"
            b"\r\n"
            b"--==0==\r\n"
            b"content-type: */*\r\n\r\n"
            b"%(data)s"
            b"\r\n"
            b"--==0==--"
        ) % {b"json_metadata": json.dumps(metadata).encode("utf-8"), b"data": data}

        headers = _get_upload_headers(conn.user_agent)
        headers["content-type"] = b'multipart/related; boundary="==0=="'
        fake_transport.request.assert_called_once_with(
            "POST", upload_url, data=payload, headers=headers, timeout=mock.ANY
        )

    @mock.patch("google.resumable_media._upload.get_boundary", return_value=b"==0==")
    def test__do_multipart_upload(self, get_boundary):
        self._do_multipart_upload_success_helper(get_boundary)

    @mock.patch("google.resumable_media._upload.get_boundary", return_value=b"==0==")
    def test__do_multipart_upload_mtls(self, get_boundary):
        self._do_multipart_upload_success_helper(get_boundary, mtls=True)

    @mock.patch("google.resumable_media._upload.get_boundary", return_value=b"==0==")
    def test__do_multipart_upload_with_retry(self, get_boundary):
        self._do_multipart_upload_success_helper(get_boundary, num_retries=8)

    @mock.patch("google.resumable_media._upload.get_boundary", return_value=b"==0==")
    def test__do_multipart_upload_with_custom_project(self, get_boundary):
        self._do_multipart_upload_success_helper(get_boundary, project="custom-project")

    def test_copy_table(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import CopyJob

        JOB = "job_name"
        SOURCE = "source_table"
        DESTINATION = "destination_table"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "copy": {
                    "sourceTables": [
                        {
                            "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                            "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                            "tableId": SOURCE,
                        }
                    ],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": DESTINATION,
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(SOURCE)
        destination = dataset.table(DESTINATION)

        job = client.copy_table(source, destination, job_id=JOB, timeout=7.5)

        # Check that copy_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/%s/jobs" % self.PROJECT,
            data=RESOURCE,
            timeout=7.5,
        )

        self.assertIsInstance(job, CopyJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(list(job.sources), [source])
        self.assertEqual(job.destination, destination)

    def test_copy_table_w_multiple_sources(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import CopyJob
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import TableReference

        job_id = "job_name"
        source_id = "my-project.my_dataset.source_table"
        source_id2 = "my-project.my_dataset.source_table2"
        destination_id = "my-other-project.another_dataset.destination_table"
        expected_resource = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": job_id},
            "configuration": {
                "copy": {
                    "sourceTables": [
                        {
                            "projectId": "my-project",
                            "datasetId": "my_dataset",
                            "tableId": "source_table",
                        },
                        {
                            "projectId": "my-project",
                            "datasetId": "my_dataset",
                            "tableId": "source_table2",
                        },
                    ],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": "my-other-project",
                        "datasetId": "another_dataset",
                        "tableId": "destination_table",
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        returned_resource = expected_resource.copy()
        returned_resource["statistics"] = {}
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(returned_resource)

        job = client.copy_table([source_id, source_id2], destination_id, job_id=job_id)

        # Check that copy_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/%s/jobs" % self.PROJECT,
            data=expected_resource,
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertIsInstance(job, CopyJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, job_id)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(sorted(job.sources, key=lambda tbl: tbl.table_id)),
            [
                TableReference.from_string(source_id),
                TableReference.from_string(source_id2),
            ],
        )
        self.assertEqual(job.destination, TableReference.from_string(destination_id))

    def test_copy_table_w_explicit_project(self):
        job_id = "this-is-a-job-id"
        source_id = "source_table"
        destination_id = "destination_table"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "copy": {
                    "sourceTables": [
                        {
                            "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                            "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                            "tableId": source_id,
                        }
                    ],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": destination_id,
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(source_id)
        destination = dataset.table(destination_id)

        client.copy_table(
            source,
            destination,
            job_id=job_id,
            project="other-project",
            location=self.LOCATION,
        )

        # Check that copy_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_copy_table_w_client_location(self):
        job_id = "this-is-a-job-id"
        source_id = "source_table"
        destination_id = "destination_table"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "copy": {
                    "sourceTables": [
                        {
                            "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                            "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                            "tableId": source_id,
                        }
                    ],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": destination_id,
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http, location=self.LOCATION
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.copy_table(
            # Test with string for table IDs.
            "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, source_id),
            "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, destination_id),
            job_id=job_id,
            project="other-project",
        )

        # Check that copy_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_copy_table_w_source_strings(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        client._connection = make_connection({})
        sources = [
            "dataset_wo_proj.some_table",
            "other_project.other_dataset.other_table",
            DatasetReference(client.project, "dataset_from_ref").table(
                "table_from_ref"
            ),
        ]
        destination = "some_project.some_dataset.destination_table"

        job = client.copy_table(sources, destination)

        expected_sources = [
            DatasetReference(client.project, "dataset_wo_proj").table("some_table"),
            DatasetReference("other_project", "other_dataset").table("other_table"),
            DatasetReference(client.project, "dataset_from_ref").table(
                "table_from_ref"
            ),
        ]
        self.assertEqual(list(job.sources), expected_sources)
        expected_destination = DatasetReference("some_project", "some_dataset").table(
            "destination_table"
        )
        self.assertEqual(job.destination, expected_destination)

    def test_copy_table_w_invalid_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        JOB = "job_name"
        SOURCE = "source_table"
        DESTINATION = "destination_table"

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        job_config = job.ExtractJobConfig()
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(SOURCE)
        destination = dataset.table(DESTINATION)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.copy_table(source, destination, job_id=JOB, job_config=job_config)

        self.assertIn("Expected an instance of CopyJobConfig", exc.exception.args[0])

    def test_copy_table_w_valid_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import CopyJobConfig

        JOB = "job_name"
        SOURCE = "source_table"
        DESTINATION = "destination_table"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "copy": {
                    "sourceTables": [
                        {
                            "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                            "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                            "tableId": SOURCE,
                        }
                    ],
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": DESTINATION,
                    },
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(SOURCE)
        destination = dataset.table(DESTINATION)

        job_config = CopyJobConfig()
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)
        job = client.copy_table(source, destination, job_id=JOB, job_config=job_config)

        # Check that copy_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/%s/jobs" % self.PROJECT,
            data=RESOURCE,
            timeout=None,
        )
        self.assertIsInstance(job._configuration, CopyJobConfig)

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    def test_extract_table(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import ExtractJob

        JOB = "job_id"
        SOURCE = "source_table"
        DESTINATION = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": SOURCE,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [DESTINATION],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(SOURCE)

        job = client.extract_table(source, DESTINATION, job_id=JOB, timeout=7.5)

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=RESOURCE, timeout=7.5,
        )

        # Check the job resource.
        self.assertIsInstance(job, ExtractJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(job.source, source)
        self.assertEqual(list(job.destination_uris), [DESTINATION])

    def test_extract_table_w_invalid_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        JOB = "job_id"
        SOURCE = "source_table"
        DESTINATION = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(SOURCE)
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig()
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.extract_table(source, DESTINATION, job_id=JOB, job_config=job_config)

        self.assertIn("Expected an instance of ExtractJobConfig", exc.exception.args[0])

    def test_extract_table_w_explicit_project(self):
        job_id = "job_id"
        source_id = "source_table"
        destination = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": source_id,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [destination],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(source_id)

        client.extract_table(
            source,
            destination,
            job_id=job_id,
            project="other-project",
            location=self.LOCATION,
        )

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_extract_table_w_client_location(self):
        job_id = "job_id"
        source_id = "source_table"
        destination = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": source_id,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [destination],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http, location=self.LOCATION
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.extract_table(
            # Test with string for table ID.
            "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, source_id),
            destination,
            job_id=job_id,
            project="other-project",
        )

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_extract_table_generated_job_id(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import ExtractJob
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import ExtractJobConfig
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import DestinationFormat

        JOB = "job_id"
        SOURCE = "source_table"
        DESTINATION = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": SOURCE,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [DESTINATION],
                    "destinationFormat": "NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON",
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(SOURCE)
        job_config = ExtractJobConfig()
        job_config.destination_format = DestinationFormat.NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        job = client.extract_table(source, DESTINATION, job_config=job_config)

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req["method"], "POST")
        self.assertEqual(req["path"], "/projects/PROJECT/jobs")
        self.assertIsInstance(req["data"]["jobReference"]["jobId"], str)
        self.assertIsNone(req["timeout"])

        # Check the job resource.
        self.assertIsInstance(job, ExtractJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.source, source)
        self.assertEqual(list(job.destination_uris), [DESTINATION])

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    def test_extract_table_w_destination_uris(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import ExtractJob

        JOB = "job_id"
        SOURCE = "source_table"
        DESTINATION1 = "gs://bucket_name/object_one"
        DESTINATION2 = "gs://bucket_name/object_two"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceTable": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "tableId": SOURCE,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [DESTINATION1, DESTINATION2],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.table(SOURCE)

        job = client.extract_table(source, [DESTINATION1, DESTINATION2], job_id=JOB)

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req["method"], "POST")
        self.assertEqual(req["path"], "/projects/PROJECT/jobs")
        self.assertIsNone(req["timeout"])

        # Check the job resource.
        self.assertIsInstance(job, ExtractJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(job.source, source)
        self.assertEqual(list(job.destination_uris), [DESTINATION1, DESTINATION2])

    def test_extract_table_for_source_type_model(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import ExtractJob

        JOB = "job_id"
        SOURCE = "source_model"
        DESTINATION = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceModel": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "modelId": SOURCE,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [DESTINATION],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.model(SOURCE)

        job = client.extract_table(
            source, DESTINATION, job_id=JOB, timeout=7.5, source_type="Model"
        )

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=RESOURCE, timeout=7.5,
        )

        # Check the job resource.
        self.assertIsInstance(job, ExtractJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(job.source, source)
        self.assertEqual(list(job.destination_uris), [DESTINATION])

    def test_extract_table_for_source_type_model_w_string_model_id(self):
        JOB = "job_id"
        source_id = "source_model"
        DESTINATION = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceModel": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "modelId": source_id,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [DESTINATION],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)

        client.extract_table(
            # Test with string for model ID.
            "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, source_id),
            DESTINATION,
            job_id=JOB,
            timeout=7.5,
            source_type="Model",
        )

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=RESOURCE, timeout=7.5,
        )

    def test_extract_table_for_source_type_model_w_model_object(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.model import Model

        JOB = "job_id"
        DESTINATION = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        model_id = "{}.{}.{}".format(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.MODEL_ID)
        model = Model(model_id)
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "extract": {
                    "sourceModel": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                        "modelId": self.MODEL_ID,
                    },
                    "destinationUris": [DESTINATION],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)

        client.extract_table(
            # Test with Model class object.
            model,
            DESTINATION,
            job_id=JOB,
            timeout=7.5,
            source_type="Model",
        )

        # Check that extract_table actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=RESOURCE, timeout=7.5,
        )

    def test_extract_table_for_invalid_source_type_model(self):
        JOB = "job_id"
        SOURCE = "source_model"
        DESTINATION = "gs://bucket_name/object_name"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        dataset = DatasetReference(self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID)
        source = dataset.model(SOURCE)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as exc:
            client.extract_table(
                source, DESTINATION, job_id=JOB, timeout=7.5, source_type="foo"
            )

        self.assertIn("Cannot pass", exc.exception.args[0])

    def test_query_defaults(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob

        QUERY = "select count(*) from persons"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": "some-random-id"},
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": QUERY, "useLegacySql": False}},
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)

        job = client.query(QUERY)

        self.assertIsInstance(job, QueryJob)
        self.assertIsInstance(job.job_id, str)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.query, QUERY)
        self.assertEqual(job.udf_resources, [])
        self.assertEqual(job.query_parameters, [])

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req["method"], "POST")
        self.assertEqual(req["path"], "/projects/PROJECT/jobs")
        self.assertIsNone(req["timeout"])
        sent = req["data"]
        self.assertIsInstance(sent["jobReference"]["jobId"], str)
        sent_config = sent["configuration"]["query"]
        self.assertEqual(sent_config["query"], QUERY)
        self.assertFalse(sent_config["useLegacySql"])

    def test_query_w_explicit_timeout(self):
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": mock.ANY},
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": False}},
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.query(query, timeout=7.5)

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/{}/jobs".format(self.PROJECT),
            data=resource,
            timeout=7.5,
        )

    def test_query_w_explicit_project(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": False}},
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.query(
            query, job_id=job_id, project="other-project", location=self.LOCATION
        )

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_query_w_explicit_job_config(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "jobId": job_id,
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "location": self.LOCATION,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": query,
                    "defaultDataset": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": "some-dataset",
                    },
                    "useLegacySql": False,
                    "useQueryCache": True,
                    "maximumBytesBilled": "2000",
                }
            },
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()

        from google.cloud.bigquery import QueryJobConfig, DatasetReference

        default_job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        default_job_config.default_dataset = DatasetReference(
            self.PROJECT, "some-dataset"
        )
        default_job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 1000

        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            default_query_job_config=default_job_config,
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        job_config.use_query_cache = True
        job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 2000
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        client.query(
            query, job_id=job_id, location=self.LOCATION, job_config=job_config
        )

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=resource, timeout=None
        )

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    def test_query_preserving_explicit_job_config(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "jobId": job_id,
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "location": self.LOCATION,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": query,
                    "useLegacySql": False,
                    "useQueryCache": True,
                    "maximumBytesBilled": "2000",
                }
            },
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()

        from google.cloud.bigquery import QueryJobConfig

        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http,)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        job_config.use_query_cache = True
        job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 2000
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        client.query(
            query, job_id=job_id, location=self.LOCATION, job_config=job_config
        )

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=resource, timeout=None
        )

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    def test_query_preserving_explicit_default_job_config(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "jobId": job_id,
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "location": self.LOCATION,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": query,
                    "defaultDataset": {
                        "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                        "datasetId": "some-dataset",
                    },
                    "useLegacySql": False,
                    "maximumBytesBilled": "1000",
                }
            },
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()

        from google.cloud.bigquery import QueryJobConfig, DatasetReference

        default_job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        default_job_config.default_dataset = DatasetReference(
            self.PROJECT, "some-dataset"
        )
        default_job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 1000
        default_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(default_job_config)

        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            default_query_job_config=default_job_config,
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.query(query, job_id=job_id, location=self.LOCATION, job_config=None)

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=resource, timeout=None
        )

        # the original default config object should not have been modified
        assert default_job_config.to_api_repr() == default_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    def test_query_w_invalid_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import QueryJobConfig, DatasetReference
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        default_job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        default_job_config.default_dataset = DatasetReference(
            self.PROJECT, "some-dataset"
        )
        default_job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 1000

        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            default_query_job_config=default_job_config,
        )

        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig()

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.query(
                query, job_id=job_id, location=self.LOCATION, job_config=job_config
            )
        self.assertIn("Expected an instance of QueryJobConfig", exc.exception.args[0])

    def test_query_w_explicit_job_config_override(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "jobId": job_id,
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "location": self.LOCATION,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": query,
                    "defaultDataset": None,
                    "useLegacySql": False,
                    "useQueryCache": True,
                    "maximumBytesBilled": "2000",
                }
            },
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()

        from google.cloud.bigquery import QueryJobConfig, DatasetReference

        default_job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        default_job_config.default_dataset = DatasetReference(
            self.PROJECT, "some-dataset"
        )
        default_job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 1000

        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            default_query_job_config=default_job_config,
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        job_config.use_query_cache = True
        job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 2000
        job_config.default_dataset = None

        client.query(
            query, job_id=job_id, location=self.LOCATION, job_config=job_config
        )

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=resource, timeout=None
        )

    def test_query_w_client_default_config_no_incoming(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "jobId": job_id,
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "location": self.LOCATION,
            },
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": query,
                    "useLegacySql": False,
                    "maximumBytesBilled": "1000",
                }
            },
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()

        from google.cloud.bigquery import QueryJobConfig

        default_job_config = QueryJobConfig()
        default_job_config.maximum_bytes_billed = 1000

        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            default_query_job_config=default_job_config,
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.query(query, job_id=job_id, location=self.LOCATION)

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/projects/PROJECT/jobs", data=resource, timeout=None
        )

    def test_query_w_invalid_default_job_config(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        default_job_config = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT,
            credentials=creds,
            _http=http,
            default_query_job_config=default_job_config,
        )

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.query(query, job_id=job_id, location=self.LOCATION)
        self.assertIn("Expected an instance of QueryJobConfig", exc.exception.args[0])

    def test_query_w_client_location(self):
        job_id = "some-job-id"
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": "other-project",
                "location": self.LOCATION,
                "jobId": job_id,
            },
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": False}},
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http, location=self.LOCATION
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        client.query(query, job_id=job_id, project="other-project")

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/other-project/jobs",
            data=resource,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_query_detect_location(self):
        query = "select count(*) from persons"
        resource_location = "EU"
        resource = {
            "jobReference": {
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                # Location not set in request, but present in the response.
                "location": resource_location,
                "jobId": "some-random-id",
            },
            "configuration": {"query": {"query": query, "useLegacySql": False}},
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(resource)

        job = client.query(query)

        self.assertEqual(job.location, resource_location)

        # Check that request did not contain a location.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        sent = req["data"]
        self.assertIsNone(sent["jobReference"].get("location"))

    def test_query_w_udf_resources(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJobConfig
        from google.cloud.bigquery.query import UDFResource

        RESOURCE_URI = "gs://some-bucket/js/lib.js"
        JOB = "job_name"
        QUERY = "select count(*) from persons"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": QUERY,
                    "useLegacySql": True,
                    "userDefinedFunctionResources": [{"resourceUri": RESOURCE_URI}],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        udf_resources = [UDFResource("resourceUri", RESOURCE_URI)]
        config = QueryJobConfig()
        config.udf_resources = udf_resources
        config.use_legacy_sql = True

        job = client.query(QUERY, job_config=config, job_id=JOB)

        self.assertIsInstance(job, QueryJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(job.query, QUERY)
        self.assertEqual(job.udf_resources, udf_resources)
        self.assertEqual(job.query_parameters, [])

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req["method"], "POST")
        self.assertEqual(req["path"], "/projects/PROJECT/jobs")
        self.assertIsNone(req["timeout"])
        sent = req["data"]
        self.assertIsInstance(sent["jobReference"]["jobId"], str)
        sent_config = sent["configuration"]["query"]
        self.assertEqual(sent_config["query"], QUERY)
        self.assertTrue(sent_config["useLegacySql"])
        self.assertEqual(
            sent_config["userDefinedFunctionResources"][0],
            {"resourceUri": RESOURCE_URI},
        )

    def test_query_w_query_parameters(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJobConfig
        from google.cloud.bigquery.query import ScalarQueryParameter

        JOB = "job_name"
        QUERY = "select count(*) from persons"
        RESOURCE = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": JOB},
            "configuration": {
                "query": {
                    "query": QUERY,
                    "useLegacySql": False,
                    "queryParameters": [
                        {
                            "name": "foo",
                            "parameterType": {"type": "INT64"},
                            "parameterValue": {"value": "123"},
                        }
                    ],
                }
            },
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESOURCE)
        query_parameters = [ScalarQueryParameter("foo", "INT64", 123)]
        config = QueryJobConfig()
        config.query_parameters = query_parameters

        job = client.query(QUERY, job_config=config, job_id=JOB)

        self.assertIsInstance(job, QueryJob)
        self.assertIs(job._client, client)
        self.assertEqual(job.job_id, JOB)
        self.assertEqual(job.query, QUERY)
        self.assertEqual(job.udf_resources, [])
        self.assertEqual(job.query_parameters, query_parameters)

        # Check that query actually starts the job.
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req["method"], "POST")
        self.assertEqual(req["path"], "/projects/PROJECT/jobs")
        self.assertIsNone(req["timeout"])
        sent = req["data"]
        self.assertEqual(sent["jobReference"]["jobId"], JOB)
        sent_config = sent["configuration"]["query"]
        self.assertEqual(sent_config["query"], QUERY)
        self.assertFalse(sent_config["useLegacySql"])
        self.assertEqual(
            sent_config["queryParameters"][0],
            {
                "name": "foo",
                "parameterType": {"type": "INT64"},
                "parameterValue": {"value": "123"},
            },
        )

    def test_query_job_rpc_fail_w_random_error(self):
        from google.api_core.exceptions import Unknown
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        job_create_error = Unknown("Not sure what went wrong.")
        job_begin_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            QueryJob, "_begin", side_effect=job_create_error
        )
        with job_begin_patcher:
            with pytest.raises(Unknown, match="Not sure what went wrong."):
                client.query("SELECT 1;", job_id="123")

    def test_query_job_rpc_fail_w_conflict_job_id_given(self):
        from google.api_core.exceptions import Conflict
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        job_create_error = Conflict("Job already exists.")
        job_begin_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            QueryJob, "_begin", side_effect=job_create_error
        )
        with job_begin_patcher:
            with pytest.raises(Conflict, match="Job already exists."):
                client.query("SELECT 1;", job_id="123")

    def test_query_job_rpc_fail_w_conflict_random_id_job_fetch_fails(self):
        from google.api_core.exceptions import Conflict
        from google.api_core.exceptions import DataLoss
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        job_create_error = Conflict("Job already exists.")
        job_begin_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            QueryJob, "_begin", side_effect=job_create_error
        )
        get_job_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            client, "get_job", side_effect=DataLoss("we lost yor job, sorry")
        )

        with job_begin_patcher, get_job_patcher:
            # If get job request fails, the original exception should be raised.
            with pytest.raises(Conflict, match="Job already exists."):
                client.query("SELECT 1;", job_id=None)

    def test_query_job_rpc_fail_w_conflict_random_id_job_fetch_succeeds(self):
        from google.api_core.exceptions import Conflict
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import QueryJob

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        job_create_error = Conflict("Job already exists.")
        job_begin_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            QueryJob, "_begin", side_effect=job_create_error
        )
        get_job_patcher = mock.patch.object(
            client, "get_job", return_value=mock.sentinel.query_job
        )

        with job_begin_patcher, get_job_patcher:
            result = client.query("SELECT 1;", job_id=None)

        assert result is mock.sentinel.query_job

    def test_insert_rows_w_timeout(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)

        ROWS = [
            ("Phred Phlyntstone", 32),
            ("Bharney Rhubble", 33),
        ]
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
        ]

        client.insert_rows(table, ROWS, selected_fields=schema, timeout=7.5)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req.get("timeout"), 7.5)

    def test_insert_rows_wo_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)
        ROWS = [
            ("Phred Phlyntstone", 32),
            ("Bharney Rhubble", 33),
            ("Wylma Phlyntstone", 29),
            ("Bhettye Rhubble", 27),
        ]

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as exc:
            client.insert_rows(table, ROWS)

        self.assertIn("Could not determine schema for table", exc.exception.args[0])

    def test_insert_rows_w_schema(self):
        import datetime
        from google.cloud._helpers import UTC
        from google.cloud._helpers import _datetime_to_rfc3339
        from google.cloud._helpers import _RFC3339_MICROS
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        WHEN_TS = 1437767599.006
        WHEN = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(WHEN_TS).replace(tzinfo=UTC)
        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/insertAll" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("joined", "TIMESTAMP", mode="NULLABLE"),
        ]
        ROWS = [
            ("Phred Phlyntstone", 32, _datetime_to_rfc3339(WHEN)),
            ("Bharney Rhubble", 33, WHEN + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1)),
            ("Wylma Phlyntstone", 29, WHEN + datetime.timedelta(seconds=2)),
            ("Bhettye Rhubble", 27, None),
        ]

        def _row_data(row):
            result = {"full_name": row[0], "age": str(row[1])}
            joined = row[2]
            if isinstance(joined, datetime.datetime):
                joined = joined.strftime(_RFC3339_MICROS)
            if joined is not None:
                result["joined"] = joined
            return result

        SENT = {
            "rows": [
                {"json": _row_data(row), "insertId": str(i)}
                for i, row in enumerate(ROWS)
            ]
        }

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(ROWS)))):
            # Test with using string IDs for the table.
            errors = client.insert_rows(
                "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID), ROWS, selected_fields=schema
            )

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once()
        _, req = conn.api_request.call_args
        self.assertEqual(req["method"], "POST")
        self.assertEqual(req["path"], "/%s" % PATH)
        self.assertEqual(req["data"], SENT)
        self.assertIsNone(req["timeout"])

    def test_insert_rows_w_list_of_dictionaries(self):
        import datetime
        from google.cloud._helpers import UTC
        from google.cloud._helpers import _datetime_to_rfc3339
        from google.cloud._helpers import _RFC3339_MICROS
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        WHEN_TS = 1437767599.006
        WHEN = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(WHEN_TS).replace(tzinfo=UTC)
        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/insertAll" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("joined", "TIMESTAMP", mode="NULLABLE"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)
        ROWS = [
            {
                "full_name": "Phred Phlyntstone",
                "age": 32,
                "joined": _datetime_to_rfc3339(WHEN),
            },
            {
                "full_name": "Bharney Rhubble",
                "age": 33,
                "joined": WHEN + datetime.timedelta(seconds=1),
            },
            {
                "full_name": "Wylma Phlyntstone",
                "age": 29,
                "joined": WHEN + datetime.timedelta(seconds=2),
            },
            {"full_name": "Bhettye Rhubble", "age": 27, "joined": None},
        ]

        def _row_data(row):
            joined = row["joined"]
            if joined is None:
                row = copy.deepcopy(row)
                del row["joined"]
            elif isinstance(joined, datetime.datetime):
                row["joined"] = joined.strftime(_RFC3339_MICROS)
            row["age"] = str(row["age"])
            return row

        SENT = {
            "rows": [
                {"json": _row_data(row), "insertId": str(i)}
                for i, row in enumerate(ROWS)
            ]
        }

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(ROWS)))):
            errors = client.insert_rows(table, ROWS)

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/%s" % PATH, data=SENT, timeout=None
        )

    def test_insert_rows_w_list_of_Rows(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Row

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/insertAll" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)
        f2i = {"full_name": 0, "age": 1}
        ROWS = [
            Row(("Phred Phlyntstone", 32), f2i),
            Row(("Bharney Rhubble", 33), f2i),
            Row(("Wylma Phlyntstone", 29), f2i),
            Row(("Bhettye Rhubble", 27), f2i),
        ]

        def _row_data(row):
            return {"full_name": row[0], "age": str(row[1])}

        SENT = {
            "rows": [
                {"json": _row_data(row), "insertId": str(i)}
                for i, row in enumerate(ROWS)
            ]
        }

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(ROWS)))):
            errors = client.insert_rows(table, ROWS)

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/%s" % PATH, data=SENT, timeout=None
        )

    def test_insert_rows_w_skip_invalid_and_ignore_unknown(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/insertAll" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        RESPONSE = {
            "insertErrors": [
                {
                    "index": 1,
                    "errors": [
                        {
                            "reason": "REASON",
                            "location": "LOCATION",
                            "debugInfo": "INFO",
                            "message": "MESSAGE",
                        }
                    ],
                }
            ]
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(RESPONSE)
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("voter", "BOOLEAN", mode="NULLABLE"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)
        ROWS = [
            ("Phred Phlyntstone", 32, True),
            ("Bharney Rhubble", 33, False),
            ("Wylma Phlyntstone", 29, True),
            ("Bhettye Rhubble", 27, True),
        ]

        def _row_data(row):
            return {
                "full_name": row[0],
                "age": str(row[1]),
                "voter": row[2] and "true" or "false",
            }

        SENT = {
            "skipInvalidRows": True,
            "ignoreUnknownValues": True,
            "templateSuffix": "20160303",
            "rows": [
                {"insertId": index, "json": _row_data(row)}
                for index, row in enumerate(ROWS)
            ],
        }

        errors = client.insert_rows(
            table,
            ROWS,
            row_ids=[index for index, _ in enumerate(ROWS)],
            skip_invalid_rows=True,
            ignore_unknown_values=True,
            template_suffix="20160303",
        )

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 1)
        self.assertEqual(errors[0]["index"], 1)
        self.assertEqual(len(errors[0]["errors"]), 1)
        self.assertEqual(
            errors[0]["errors"][0], RESPONSE["insertErrors"][0]["errors"][0]
        )
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/%s" % PATH, data=SENT, timeout=None
        )

    def test_insert_rows_w_repeated_fields(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/insertAll" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        color = SchemaField("color", "STRING", mode="REPEATED")
        items = SchemaField("items", "INTEGER", mode="REPEATED")
        score = SchemaField("score", "INTEGER")
        times = SchemaField("times", "TIMESTAMP", mode="REPEATED")
        distances = SchemaField("distances", "FLOAT", mode="REPEATED")
        structs = SchemaField(
            "structs", "RECORD", mode="REPEATED", fields=[score, times, distances]
        )
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=[color, items, structs])
        ROWS = [
            (
                ["red", "green"],
                [1, 2],
                [
                    (
                        12,
                        [
                            datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 1, 12, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
                            datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 1, 13, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
                        ],
                        [1.25, 2.5],
                    ),
                    {
                        "score": 13,
                        "times": [
                            datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 2, 12, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
                            datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 2, 13, 0, 0, tzinfo=pytz.utc),
                        ],
                        "distances": [-1.25, -2.5],
                    },
                ],
            ),
            {"color": None, "items": [], "structs": [(None, [], [3.5])]},
        ]

        SENT = {
            "rows": [
                {
                    "json": {
                        "color": ["red", "green"],
                        "items": ["1", "2"],
                        "structs": [
                            {
                                "score": "12",
                                "times": [
                                    "2018-12-01T12:00:00.000000Z",
                                    "2018-12-01T13:00:00.000000Z",
                                ],
                                "distances": [1.25, 2.5],
                            },
                            {
                                "score": "13",
                                "times": [
                                    "2018-12-02T12:00:00.000000Z",
                                    "2018-12-02T13:00:00.000000Z",
                                ],
                                "distances": [-1.25, -2.5],
                            },
                        ],
                    },
                    "insertId": "0",
                },
                {
                    "json": {
                        "items": [],
                        "structs": [{"times": [], "distances": [3.5]}],
                    },
                    "insertId": "1",
                },
            ]
        }

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(ROWS)))):
            errors = client.insert_rows(table, ROWS)

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/%s" % PATH, data=SENT, timeout=None,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_w_record_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/insertAll" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        full_name = SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED")
        area_code = SchemaField("area_code", "STRING", "REQUIRED")
        local_number = SchemaField("local_number", "STRING", "REQUIRED")
        rank = SchemaField("rank", "INTEGER", "REQUIRED")
        phone = SchemaField(
            "phone", "RECORD", mode="NULLABLE", fields=[area_code, local_number, rank]
        )
        ROWS = [
            (
                "Phred Phlyntstone",
                {"area_code": "800", "local_number": "555-1212", "rank": 1},
            ),
            ("Bharney Rhubble", ("877", "768-5309", 2)),
            ("Wylma Phlyntstone", None),
        ]

        SENT = {
            "rows": [
                {
                    "json": {
                        "full_name": "Phred Phlyntstone",
                        "phone": {
                            "area_code": "800",
                            "local_number": "555-1212",
                            "rank": "1",
                        },
                    },
                    "insertId": "0",
                },
                {
                    "json": {
                        "full_name": "Bharney Rhubble",
                        "phone": {
                            "area_code": "877",
                            "local_number": "768-5309",
                            "rank": "2",
                        },
                    },
                    "insertId": "1",
                },
                {"json": {"full_name": "Wylma Phlyntstone"}, "insertId": "2"},
            ]
        }

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(ROWS)))):
            errors = client.insert_rows(
                self.TABLE_REF, ROWS, selected_fields=[full_name, phone]
            )

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/%s" % PATH, data=SENT, timeout=None
        )

    def test_insert_rows_w_explicit_none_insert_ids(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        PATH = "projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}/insertAll".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)
        ROWS = [
            {"full_name": "Phred Phlyntstone", "age": 32},
            {"full_name": "Bharney Rhubble", "age": 33},
        ]

        def _row_data(row):
            row["age"] = str(row["age"])
            return row

        SENT = {"rows": [{"json": _row_data(row), "insertId": None} for row in ROWS]}

        errors = client.insert_rows(table, ROWS, row_ids=[None] * len(ROWS))

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/{}".format(PATH), data=SENT, timeout=None,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_errors(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        ROWS = [
            ("Phred Phlyntstone", 32, True),
            ("Bharney Rhubble", 33, False),
            ("Wylma Phlyntstone", 29, True),
            ("Bhettye Rhubble", 27, True),
        ]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()

        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        # table ref with no selected fields
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            client.insert_rows(self.TABLE_REF, ROWS)

        # table with no schema
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            client.insert_rows(Table(self.TABLE_REF), ROWS)

        # neither Table nor TableReference
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.insert_rows(1, ROWS)

        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)

        # rows is just a dict
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.insert_rows(table, {"full_name": "value"})

    def test_insert_rows_w_numeric(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import table
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        project = "PROJECT"
        ds_id = "DS_ID"
        table_id = "TABLE_ID"
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=project, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        table_ref = DatasetReference(project, ds_id).table(table_id)
        rows = [
            ("Savings", decimal.Decimal("23.47")),
            ("Checking", decimal.Decimal("1.98")),
            ("Mortgage", decimal.Decimal("-12345678909.87654321")),
        ]
        schemas = [
            [SchemaField("account", "STRING"), SchemaField("balance", "NUMERIC")],
            [SchemaField("account", "STRING"), SchemaField("balance", "BIGNUMERIC")],
        ]

        for schema in schemas:
            conn = client._connection = make_connection({})

            insert_table = table.Table(table_ref, schema=schema)
            with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(rows)))):
                errors = client.insert_rows(insert_table, rows)

            self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
            rows_json = [
                {"account": "Savings", "balance": "23.47"},
                {"account": "Checking", "balance": "1.98"},
                {"account": "Mortgage", "balance": "-12345678909.87654321"},
            ]
            sent = {
                "rows": [
                    {"json": row, "insertId": str(i)} for i, row in enumerate(rows_json)
                ]
            }
            conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
                method="POST",
                path="/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}/insertAll".format(
                    project, ds_id, table_id
                ),
                data=sent,
                timeout=None,
            )

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    def test_insert_rows_from_dataframe(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        API_PATH = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}/insertAll".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_REF.table_id
        )

        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(
            [
                {"name": "Little One", "age": 10, "adult": False},
                {"name": "Young Gun", "age": 20, "adult": True},
                {"name": "Dad", "age": 30, "adult": True},
                {"name": "Stranger", "age": 40, "adult": True},
            ]
        )

        # create client
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({}, {})

        # create table
        schema = [
            SchemaField("name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("adult", "BOOLEAN", mode="REQUIRED"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(dataframe)))):
            error_info = client.insert_rows_from_dataframe(
                table, dataframe, chunk_size=3, timeout=7.5
            )

        self.assertEqual(len(error_info), 2)
        for chunk_errors in error_info:
            assert chunk_errors == []

        EXPECTED_SENT_DATA = [
            {
                "rows": [
                    {
                        "insertId": "0",
                        "json": {"name": "Little One", "age": "10", "adult": "false"},
                    },
                    {
                        "insertId": "1",
                        "json": {"name": "Young Gun", "age": "20", "adult": "true"},
                    },
                    {
                        "insertId": "2",
                        "json": {"name": "Dad", "age": "30", "adult": "true"},
                    },
                ]
            },
            {
                "rows": [
                    {
                        "insertId": "3",
                        "json": {"name": "Stranger", "age": "40", "adult": "true"},
                    }
                ]
            },
        ]

        actual_calls = conn.api_request.call_args_list

        for call, expected_data in itertools.zip_longest(
            actual_calls, EXPECTED_SENT_DATA
        ):
            expected_call = mock.call(
                method="POST", path=API_PATH, data=expected_data, timeout=7.5
            )
            assert call == expected_call

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    def test_insert_rows_from_dataframe_nan(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        API_PATH = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}/insertAll".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_REF.table_id
        )

        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(
            {
                "str_col": ["abc", "def", float("NaN"), "jkl"],
                "int_col": [1, float("NaN"), 3, 4],
                "float_col": [float("NaN"), 0.25, 0.5, 0.125],
            }
        )

        # create client
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({}, {})

        # create table
        schema = [
            SchemaField("str_col", "STRING"),
            SchemaField("int_col", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("float_col", "FLOAT"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(dataframe)))):
            error_info = client.insert_rows_from_dataframe(
                table, dataframe, chunk_size=3, timeout=7.5
            )

        self.assertEqual(len(error_info), 2)
        for chunk_errors in error_info:
            assert chunk_errors == []

        EXPECTED_SENT_DATA = [
            {
                "rows": [
                    {"insertId": "0", "json": {"str_col": "abc", "int_col": 1}},
                    {"insertId": "1", "json": {"str_col": "def", "float_col": 0.25}},
                    {"insertId": "2", "json": {"int_col": 3, "float_col": 0.5}},
                ]
            },
            {
                "rows": [
                    {
                        "insertId": "3",
                        "json": {"str_col": "jkl", "int_col": 4, "float_col": 0.125},
                    }
                ]
            },
        ]

        actual_calls = conn.api_request.call_args_list

        for call, expected_data in itertools.zip_longest(
            actual_calls, EXPECTED_SENT_DATA
        ):
            expected_call = mock.call(
                method="POST", path=API_PATH, data=expected_data, timeout=7.5
            )
            assert call == expected_call

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    def test_insert_rows_from_dataframe_many_columns(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        API_PATH = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}/insertAll".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_REF.table_id
        )
        N_COLUMNS = 256  # should be >= 256

        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(
            [{"foo_{}".format(i): "bar_{}".format(i) for i in range(N_COLUMNS)}]
        )

        # create client
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({}, {})

        # create table
        schema = [SchemaField("foo_{}".format(i), "STRING") for i in range(N_COLUMNS)]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(dataframe)))):
            error_info = client.insert_rows_from_dataframe(
                table, dataframe, chunk_size=3
            )

        assert len(error_info) == 1
        assert error_info[0] == []

        EXPECTED_SENT_DATA = {
            "rows": [
                {
                    "insertId": "0",
                    "json": {
                        "foo_{}".format(i): "bar_{}".format(i) for i in range(N_COLUMNS)
                    },
                }
            ]
        }
        expected_call = mock.call(
            method="POST", path=API_PATH, data=EXPECTED_SENT_DATA, timeout=None
        )

        actual_calls = conn.api_request.call_args_list
        assert len(actual_calls) == 1
        assert actual_calls[0] == expected_call

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    def test_insert_rows_from_dataframe_w_explicit_none_insert_ids(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        API_PATH = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}/insertAll".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_REF.table_id
        )

        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(
            [
                {"name": "Little One", "adult": False},
                {"name": "Young Gun", "adult": True},
            ]
        )

        # create client
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({}, {})

        # create table
        schema = [
            SchemaField("name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("adult", "BOOLEAN", mode="REQUIRED"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)

        error_info = client.insert_rows_from_dataframe(
            table, dataframe, row_ids=[None] * len(dataframe)
        )

        self.assertEqual(len(error_info), 1)
        assert error_info[0] == []  # no chunk errors

        EXPECTED_SENT_DATA = {
            "rows": [
                {"insertId": None, "json": {"name": "Little One", "adult": "false"}},
                {"insertId": None, "json": {"name": "Young Gun", "adult": "true"}},
            ]
        }

        actual_calls = conn.api_request.call_args_list
        assert len(actual_calls) == 1
        assert actual_calls[0] == mock.call(
            method="POST", path=API_PATH, data=EXPECTED_SENT_DATA, timeout=None
        )

    def test_insert_rows_json_default_behavior(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import DatasetReference
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        PROJECT = "PROJECT"
        DS_ID = "DS_ID"
        TABLE_ID = "TABLE_ID"
        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/insertAll" % (
            PROJECT,
            DS_ID,
            TABLE_ID,
        )
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})
        table_ref = DatasetReference(PROJECT, DS_ID).table(TABLE_ID)
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("joined", "TIMESTAMP", mode="NULLABLE"),
        ]
        table = Table(table_ref, schema=schema)
        ROWS = [
            {
                "full_name": "Phred Phlyntstone",
                "age": "32",
                "joined": "2015-07-24T19:53:19.006000Z",
            },
            {"full_name": "Bharney Rhubble", "age": "33", "joined": 1437767600.006},
            {"full_name": "Wylma Phlyntstone", "age": "29", "joined": 1437767601.006},
            {"full_name": "Bhettye Rhubble", "age": "27", "joined": None},
        ]

        SENT = {
            "rows": [{"json": row, "insertId": str(i)} for i, row in enumerate(ROWS)]
        }

        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(ROWS)))):
            errors = client.insert_rows_json(table, ROWS, timeout=7.5)

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST", path="/%s" % PATH, data=SENT, timeout=7.5,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_json_w_explicitly_requested_autogenerated_insert_ids(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import AutoRowIDs

        rows = [{"col1": "val1"}, {"col2": "val2"}]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project="default-project", credentials=creds, _http=http
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})

        uuid_patcher = mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(rows))))
        with uuid_patcher:
            errors = client.insert_rows_json(
                "proj.dset.tbl", rows, row_ids=AutoRowIDs.GENERATE_UUID
            )

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)

        # Check row data sent to the backend.
        expected_row_data = {
            "rows": [
                {"json": {"col1": "val1"}, "insertId": "0"},
                {"json": {"col2": "val2"}, "insertId": "1"},
            ]
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/proj/datasets/dset/tables/tbl/insertAll",
            data=expected_row_data,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_json_w_explicitly_disabled_insert_ids(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import AutoRowIDs

        rows = [{"col1": "val1"}, {"col2": "val2"}]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project="default-project", credentials=creds, _http=http
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})

        errors = client.insert_rows_json(
            "proj.dset.tbl", rows, row_ids=AutoRowIDs.DISABLED,
        )

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)

        expected_row_data = {
            "rows": [
                {"json": {"col1": "val1"}, "insertId": None},
                {"json": {"col2": "val2"}, "insertId": None},
            ]
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/proj/datasets/dset/tables/tbl/insertAll",
            data=expected_row_data,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_json_with_iterator_row_ids(self):
        rows = [{"col1": "val1"}, {"col2": "val2"}, {"col3": "val3"}]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project="default-project", credentials=creds, _http=http
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})

        row_ids_iter = map(str, itertools.count(42))
        errors = client.insert_rows_json("proj.dset.tbl", rows, row_ids=row_ids_iter)

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        expected_row_data = {
            "rows": [
                {"json": {"col1": "val1"}, "insertId": "42"},
                {"json": {"col2": "val2"}, "insertId": "43"},
                {"json": {"col3": "val3"}, "insertId": "44"},
            ]
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/proj/datasets/dset/tables/tbl/insertAll",
            data=expected_row_data,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_json_with_non_iterable_row_ids(self):
        rows = [{"col1": "val1"}]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project="default-project", credentials=creds, _http=http
        )
        client._connection = make_connection({})

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.insert_rows_json("proj.dset.tbl", rows, row_ids=object())

        err_msg = str(exc.exception)
        self.assertIn("row_ids", err_msg)
        self.assertIn("iterable", err_msg)

    def test_insert_rows_json_with_too_few_row_ids(self):
        rows = [{"col1": "val1"}, {"col2": "val2"}, {"col3": "val3"}]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project="default-project", credentials=creds, _http=http
        )
        client._connection = make_connection({})

        insert_ids = ["10", "20"]

        error_msg_pattern = "row_ids did not generate enough IDs.*index 2"
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, error_msg_pattern):
            client.insert_rows_json("proj.dset.tbl", rows, row_ids=insert_ids)

    def test_insert_rows_json_w_explicit_none_insert_ids(self):
        rows = [{"col1": "val1"}, {"col2": "val2"}]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project="default-project", credentials=creds, _http=http
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})

        errors = client.insert_rows_json(
            "proj.dset.tbl", rows, row_ids=[None] * len(rows),
        )

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)
        expected = {"rows": [{"json": row, "insertId": None} for row in rows]}
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/proj/datasets/dset/tables/tbl/insertAll",
            data=expected,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_json_w_none_insert_ids_sequence(self):
        rows = [{"col1": "val1"}, {"col2": "val2"}]
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(
            project="default-project", credentials=creds, _http=http
        )
        conn = client._connection = make_connection({})

        uuid_patcher = mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=map(str, range(len(rows))))
        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as warned, uuid_patcher:
            errors = client.insert_rows_json("proj.dset.tbl", rows, row_ids=None)

        self.assertEqual(len(errors), 0)

        # Passing row_ids=None should have resulted in a deprecation warning.
        matches = [
            warning
            for warning in warned
            if issubclass(warning.category, DeprecationWarning)
            and "row_ids" in str(warning)
            and "AutoRowIDs.GENERATE_UUID" in str(warning)
        ]
        assert matches, "The expected deprecation warning was not raised."

        # Check row data sent to the backend.
        expected_row_data = {
            "rows": [
                {"json": {"col1": "val1"}, "insertId": "0"},
                {"json": {"col2": "val2"}, "insertId": "1"},
            ]
        }
        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="POST",
            path="/projects/proj/datasets/dset/tables/tbl/insertAll",
            data=expected_row_data,
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_insert_rows_w_wrong_arg(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.dataset import DatasetReference
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        PROJECT = "PROJECT"
        DS_ID = "DS_ID"
        TABLE_ID = "TABLE_ID"
        ROW = {"full_name": "Bhettye Rhubble", "age": "27", "joined": None}

        creds = _make_credentials()
        client = self._make_one(project=PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=object())
        client._connection = make_connection({})

        table_ref = DatasetReference(PROJECT, DS_ID).table(TABLE_ID)
        schema = [
            SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="REQUIRED"),
            SchemaField("joined", "TIMESTAMP", mode="NULLABLE"),
        ]
        table = Table(table_ref, schema=schema)

        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.insert_rows_json(table, ROW)

    def test_list_partitions(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        rows = 3
        meta_info = _make_list_partitons_meta_info(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID, rows
        )

        data = {
            "totalRows": str(rows),
            "rows": [
                {"f": [{"v": "20180101"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "20180102"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "20180103"}]},
            ],
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        client._connection = make_connection(meta_info, data)
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF)

        partition_list = client.list_partitions(table)
        self.assertEqual(len(partition_list), rows)
        self.assertIn("20180102", partition_list)

    def test_list_partitions_with_string_id(self):
        meta_info = _make_list_partitons_meta_info(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID, 0
        )

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        client._connection = make_connection(meta_info, {})

        partition_list = client.list_partitions(
            "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID)
        )

        self.assertEqual(len(partition_list), 0)

    def test_list_rows(self):
        import datetime
        from google.cloud._helpers import UTC
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Row

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/data" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        WHEN_TS = 1437767599006000

        WHEN = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(WHEN_TS / 1e6).replace(tzinfo=UTC)
        WHEN_1 = WHEN + datetime.timedelta(microseconds=1)
        WHEN_2 = WHEN + datetime.timedelta(microseconds=2)
        ROWS = 1234
        TOKEN = "TOKEN"

        DATA = {
            "totalRows": str(ROWS),
            "pageToken": TOKEN,
            "rows": [
                {"f": [{"v": "Phred Phlyntstone"}, {"v": "32"}, {"v": WHEN_TS}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "Bharney Rhubble"}, {"v": "33"}, {"v": WHEN_TS + 1}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "Wylma Phlyntstone"}, {"v": "29"}, {"v": WHEN_TS + 2}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "Bhettye Rhubble"}, {"v": None}, {"v": None}]},
            ],
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(DATA, DATA)
        full_name = SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED")
        age = SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="NULLABLE")
        joined = SchemaField("joined", "TIMESTAMP", mode="NULLABLE")
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=[full_name, age, joined])
        table._properties["numRows"] = 7

        iterator = client.list_rows(table, timeout=7.5)

        # Check that initial total_rows is populated from the table.
        self.assertEqual(iterator.total_rows, 7)
        page = next(iterator.pages)
        rows = list(page)

        # Check that total_rows is updated based on API response.
        self.assertEqual(iterator.total_rows, ROWS)

        f2i = {"full_name": 0, "age": 1, "joined": 2}
        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 4)
        self.assertEqual(rows[0], Row(("Phred Phlyntstone", 32, WHEN), f2i))
        self.assertEqual(rows[1], Row(("Bharney Rhubble", 33, WHEN_1), f2i))
        self.assertEqual(rows[2], Row(("Wylma Phlyntstone", 29, WHEN_2), f2i))
        self.assertEqual(rows[3], Row(("Bhettye Rhubble", None, None), f2i))
        self.assertEqual(iterator.next_page_token, TOKEN)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path="/%s" % PATH,
            query_params={"formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp": True},
            timeout=7.5,
        )

    def test_list_rows_w_start_index_w_page_size(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Row

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/data" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )

        page_1 = {
            "totalRows": 4,
            "pageToken": "some-page-token",
            "rows": [
                {"f": [{"v": "Phred Phlyntstone"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "Bharney Rhubble"}]},
            ],
        }
        page_2 = {
            "totalRows": 4,
            "rows": [
                {"f": [{"v": "Wylma Phlyntstone"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "Bhettye Rhubble"}]},
            ],
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(page_1, page_2)
        full_name = SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED")
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=[full_name])
        iterator = client.list_rows(table, max_results=4, page_size=2, start_index=1)
        pages = iterator.pages
        rows = list(next(pages))
        extra_params = iterator.extra_params
        f2i = {"full_name": 0}
        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 2)
        self.assertEqual(rows[0], Row(("Phred Phlyntstone",), f2i))
        self.assertEqual(rows[1], Row(("Bharney Rhubble",), f2i))

        rows = list(next(pages))

        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 2)
        self.assertEqual(rows[0], Row(("Wylma Phlyntstone",), f2i))
        self.assertEqual(rows[1], Row(("Bhettye Rhubble",), f2i))
        self.assertEqual(
            extra_params, {"startIndex": 1, "formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp": True}
        )

        conn.api_request.assert_has_calls(
            [
                mock.call(
                    method="GET",
                    path="/%s" % PATH,
                    query_params={
                        "startIndex": 1,
                        "maxResults": 2,
                        "formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp": True,
                    },
                    timeout=None,
                ),
                mock.call(
                    method="GET",
                    path="/%s" % PATH,
                    query_params={
                        "pageToken": "some-page-token",
                        "maxResults": 2,
                        "formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp": True,
                    },
                    timeout=None,
                ),
            ]
        )

    def test_list_rows_empty_table(self):
        response = {"totalRows": "0", "rows": []}
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        client._connection = make_connection(response, response)

        # Table that has no schema because it's an empty table.
        rows = client.list_rows(
            # Test with using a string for the table ID.
            "{}.{}.{}".format(
                self.TABLE_REF.project,
                self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id,
                self.TABLE_REF.table_id,
            ),
            selected_fields=[],
        )

        # When a table reference / string and selected_fields is provided,
        # total_rows can't be populated until iteration starts.
        self.assertIsNone(rows.total_rows)
        self.assertEqual(tuple(rows), ())
        self.assertEqual(rows.total_rows, 0)

    def test_list_rows_query_params(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        table = Table(
            self.TABLE_REF, schema=[SchemaField("age", "INTEGER", mode="NULLABLE")]
        )
        tests = [
            ({}, {}),
            ({"start_index": 1}, {"startIndex": 1}),
            ({"max_results": 2}, {"maxResults": 2}),
            ({"start_index": 1, "max_results": 2}, {"startIndex": 1, "maxResults": 2}),
        ]
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(*len(tests) * [{}])
        for i, test in enumerate(tests):
            iterator = client.list_rows(table, **test[0])
            next(iterator.pages)
            req = conn.api_request.call_args_list[i]
            test[1]["formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp"] = True
            self.assertEqual(req[1]["query_params"], test[1], "for kwargs %s" % test[0])

    def test_list_rows_w_numeric(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        resource = {
            "totalRows": 3,
            "rows": [
                {"f": [{"v": "-1.23456789"}, {"v": "-123456789.987654321"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": None}, {"v": "3.141592653589793238462643383279502884"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "2718281828459045235360287471.352662497"}, {"v": None}]},
            ],
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        client._connection = make_connection(resource)
        schema = [
            SchemaField("num", "NUMERIC"),
            SchemaField("bignum", "BIGNUMERIC"),
        ]
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=schema)

        iterator = client.list_rows(table)
        rows = list(iterator)

        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 3)
        self.assertEqual(rows[0]["num"], decimal.Decimal("-1.23456789"))
        self.assertEqual(rows[0]["bignum"], decimal.Decimal("-123456789.987654321"))
        self.assertIsNone(rows[1]["num"])
        self.assertEqual(
            rows[1]["bignum"], decimal.Decimal("3.141592653589793238462643383279502884")
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            rows[2]["num"], decimal.Decimal("2718281828459045235360287471.352662497")
        )
        self.assertIsNone(rows[2]["bignum"])

    def test_list_rows_repeated_fields(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/data" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        ROWS = 1234
        TOKEN = "TOKEN"
        DATA = {
            "totalRows": ROWS,
            "pageToken": TOKEN,
            "rows": [
                {
                    "f": [
                        {"v": [{"v": "red"}, {"v": "green"}]},
                        {
                            "v": [
                                {
                                    "v": {
                                        "f": [
                                            {"v": [{"v": "1"}, {"v": "2"}]},
                                            {"v": [{"v": "3.1415"}, {"v": "1.414"}]},
                                        ]
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        },
                    ]
                }
            ],
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(DATA)
        color = SchemaField("color", "STRING", mode="REPEATED")
        index = SchemaField("index", "INTEGER", "REPEATED")
        score = SchemaField("score", "FLOAT", "REPEATED")
        struct = SchemaField("struct", "RECORD", mode="REPEATED", fields=[index, score])

        iterator = client.list_rows(self.TABLE_REF, selected_fields=[color, struct])
        page = next(iterator.pages)
        rows = list(page)
        total_rows = iterator.total_rows
        page_token = iterator.next_page_token

        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 1)
        self.assertEqual(rows[0][0], ["red", "green"])
        self.assertEqual(rows[0][1], [{"index": [1, 2], "score": [3.1415, 1.414]}])
        self.assertEqual(total_rows, ROWS)
        self.assertEqual(page_token, TOKEN)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path="/%s" % PATH,
            query_params={
                "selectedFields": "color,struct",
                "formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp": True,
            },
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_list_rows_w_record_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table

        PATH = "projects/%s/datasets/%s/tables/%s/data" % (
            self.PROJECT,
            self.DS_ID,
            self.TABLE_ID,
        )
        ROWS = 1234
        TOKEN = "TOKEN"
        DATA = {
            "totalRows": ROWS,
            "pageToken": TOKEN,
            "rows": [
                {
                    "f": [
                        {"v": "Phred Phlyntstone"},
                        {"v": {"f": [{"v": "800"}, {"v": "555-1212"}, {"v": 1}]}},
                    ]
                },
                {
                    "f": [
                        {"v": "Bharney Rhubble"},
                        {"v": {"f": [{"v": "877"}, {"v": "768-5309"}, {"v": 2}]}},
                    ]
                },
                {"f": [{"v": "Wylma Phlyntstone"}, {"v": None}]},
            ],
        }
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
        conn = client._connection = make_connection(DATA)
        full_name = SchemaField("full_name", "STRING", mode="REQUIRED")
        area_code = SchemaField("area_code", "STRING", "REQUIRED")
        local_number = SchemaField("local_number", "STRING", "REQUIRED")
        rank = SchemaField("rank", "INTEGER", "REQUIRED")
        phone = SchemaField(
            "phone", "RECORD", mode="NULLABLE", fields=[area_code, local_number, rank]
        )
        table = Table(self.TABLE_REF, schema=[full_name, phone])

        iterator = client.list_rows(table)
        page = next(iterator.pages)
        rows = list(page)
        total_rows = iterator.total_rows
        page_token = iterator.next_page_token

        self.assertEqual(len(rows), 3)
        self.assertEqual(rows[0][0], "Phred Phlyntstone")
        self.assertEqual(
            rows[0][1], {"area_code": "800", "local_number": "555-1212", "rank": 1}
        )
        self.assertEqual(rows[1][0], "Bharney Rhubble")
        self.assertEqual(
            rows[1][1], {"area_code": "877", "local_number": "768-5309", "rank": 2}
        )
        self.assertEqual(rows[2][0], "Wylma Phlyntstone")
        self.assertIsNone(rows[2][1])
        self.assertEqual(total_rows, ROWS)
        self.assertEqual(page_token, TOKEN)

        conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
            method="GET",
            path="/%s" % PATH,
            query_params={"formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp": True},
            timeout=None,
        )

    def test_list_rows_with_missing_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.table import Table, TableListItem

        table_path = "/projects/{}/datasets/{}/tables/{}".format(
            self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID
        )
        tabledata_path = "{}/data".format(table_path)

        table_list_item_data = {
            "id": "%s:%s:%s" % (self.PROJECT, self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID),
            "tableReference": {
                "projectId": self.PROJECT,
                "datasetId": self.DS_ID,
                "tableId": self.TABLE_ID,
            },
        }
        table_data = copy.deepcopy(table_list_item_data)
        # Intentionally make wrong, since total_rows can update during iteration.
        table_data["numRows"] = 2
        table_data["schema"] = {
            "fields": [
                {"name": "name", "type": "STRING"},
                {"name": "age", "type": "INTEGER"},
            ]
        }
        rows_data = {
            "totalRows": 3,
            "pageToken": None,
            "rows": [
                {"f": [{"v": "Phred Phlyntstone"}, {"v": "32"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "Bharney Rhubble"}, {"v": "31"}]},
                {"f": [{"v": "Wylma Phlyntstone"}, {"v": None}]},
            ],
        }

        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()

        schemaless_tables = (
            "{}.{}".format(self.DS_ID, self.TABLE_ID),
            self.TABLE_REF,
            Table(self.TABLE_REF),
            TableListItem(table_list_item_data),
        )

        for table in schemaless_tables:
            client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)
            conn = client._connection = make_connection(table_data, rows_data)

            row_iter = client.list_rows(table)

            conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
                method="GET", path=table_path, timeout=None
            )
            conn.api_request.reset_mock()
            self.assertEqual(row_iter.total_rows, 2, msg=repr(table))

            rows = list(row_iter)
            conn.api_request.assert_called_once_with(
                method="GET",
                path=tabledata_path,
                query_params={"formatOptions.useInt64Timestamp": True},
                timeout=None,
            )
            self.assertEqual(row_iter.total_rows, 3, msg=repr(table))
            self.assertEqual(rows[0].name, "Phred Phlyntstone", msg=repr(table))
            self.assertEqual(rows[1].age, 31, msg=repr(table))
            self.assertIsNone(rows[2].age, msg=repr(table))

    def test_list_rows_error(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        # neither Table nor TableReference
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            client.list_rows(1)

    def test_context_manager_enter_returns_itself(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        with mock.patch.object(client, "close"), client as context_var:
            pass

        self.assertIs(client, context_var)

    def test_context_manager_exit_closes_client(self):
        creds = _make_credentials()
        http = object()
        client = self._make_one(project=self.PROJECT, credentials=creds, _http=http)

        fake_close = mock.Mock()
        with mock.patch.object(client, "close", fake_close):
            with client:
                pass

        fake_close.assert_called_once()


class Test_make_job_id(unittest.TestCase):
    def _call_fut(self, job_id, prefix=None):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _make_job_id

        return _make_job_id(job_id, prefix=prefix)

    def test__make_job_id_wo_suffix(self):
        job_id = self._call_fut("job_id")

        self.assertEqual(job_id, "job_id")

    def test__make_job_id_w_suffix(self):
        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=["212345"]):
            job_id = self._call_fut(None, prefix="job_id")

        self.assertEqual(job_id, "job_id212345")

    def test__make_random_job_id(self):
        with mock.patch("uuid.uuid4", side_effect=["212345"]):
            job_id = self._call_fut(None)

        self.assertEqual(job_id, "212345")

    def test__make_job_id_w_job_id_overrides_prefix(self):
        job_id = self._call_fut("job_id", prefix="unused_prefix")

        self.assertEqual(job_id, "job_id")


class TestClientUpload(object):
    # NOTE: This is a "partner" to `TestClient` meant to test some of the
    #       "load_table_from_file" portions of `Client`. It also uses
    #       `pytest`-style tests rather than `unittest`-style.
    from google.cloud.bigquery.job import SourceFormat

    PROJECT = "project_id"
    TABLE_REF = DatasetReference(PROJECT, "test_dataset").table("test_table")

    LOCATION = "us-central"

    @classmethod
    def _make_client(cls, transport=None, location=None):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import _http
        from google.cloud.bigquery import client

        cl = client.Client(
            project=cls.PROJECT,
            credentials=_make_credentials(),
            _http=transport,
            location=location,
        )
        cl._connection = mock.create_autospec(_http.Connection, instance=True)
        return cl

    @staticmethod
    def _make_response(status_code, content="", headers={}):
        """Make a mock HTTP response."""
        import requests

        response = requests.Response()
        response.request = requests.Request("POST", "http://example.com").prepare()
        response._content = content.encode("utf-8")
        response.headers.update(headers)
        response.status_code = status_code
        return response

    @classmethod
    def _make_do_upload_patch(cls, client, method, resource={}, side_effect=None):
        """Patches the low-level upload helpers."""
        if side_effect is None:
            side_effect = [
                cls._make_response(
                    http.client.OK,
                    json.dumps(resource),
                    {"Content-Type": "application/json"},
                )
            ]
        return mock.patch.object(client, method, side_effect=side_effect, autospec=True)

    EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION = {
        "jobReference": {"projectId": PROJECT, "jobId": "job_id"},
        "configuration": {
            "load": {
                "sourceFormat": SourceFormat.CSV,
                "destinationTable": {
                    "projectId": PROJECT,
                    "datasetId": "test_dataset",
                    "tableId": "test_table",
                },
            }
        },
    }

    @staticmethod
    def _make_file_obj():
        return io.BytesIO(b"hello, is it me you're looking for?")

    def _make_gzip_file_obj(self, writable):
        if writable:
            return gzip.GzipFile(mode="w", fileobj=io.BytesIO())
        else:
            return gzip.GzipFile(mode="r", fileobj=self._make_file_obj())

    @staticmethod
    def _make_config():
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import LoadJobConfig
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import SourceFormat

        config = LoadJobConfig()
        config.source_format = SourceFormat.CSV
        return config

    # High-level tests

    def test_load_table_from_file_resumable(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES

        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        job_config = self._make_config()
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        )
        with do_upload_patch as do_upload:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                file_obj, self.TABLE_REF, job_id="job_id", job_config=job_config,
            )

        do_upload.assert_called_once_with(
            file_obj,
            self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION,
            _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            None,
            project=self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION["jobReference"]["projectId"],
        )

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    def test_load_table_from_file_w_explicit_project(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES

        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        )
        with do_upload_patch as do_upload:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                file_obj,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_id="job_id",
                project="other-project",
                location=self.LOCATION,
                job_config=self._make_config(),
            )

        expected_resource = copy.deepcopy(self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION)
        expected_resource["jobReference"]["location"] = self.LOCATION
        expected_resource["jobReference"]["projectId"] = "other-project"
        do_upload.assert_called_once_with(
            file_obj,
            expected_resource,
            _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            None,
            project="other-project",
        )

    def test_load_table_from_file_w_client_location(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES

        client = self._make_client(location=self.LOCATION)
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        )
        with do_upload_patch as do_upload:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                file_obj,
                # Test with string for table ID.
                "{}.{}.{}".format(
                    self.TABLE_REF.project,
                    self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id,
                    self.TABLE_REF.table_id,
                ),
                job_id="job_id",
                project="other-project",
                job_config=self._make_config(),
            )

        expected_resource = copy.deepcopy(self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION)
        expected_resource["jobReference"]["location"] = self.LOCATION
        expected_resource["jobReference"]["projectId"] = "other-project"
        do_upload.assert_called_once_with(
            file_obj,
            expected_resource,
            _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            None,
            project="other-project",
        )

    def test_load_table_from_file_resumable_metadata(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import CreateDisposition
        from google.cloud.bigquery.job import WriteDisposition

        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()

        config = self._make_config()
        config.allow_jagged_rows = False
        config.allow_quoted_newlines = False
        config.create_disposition = CreateDisposition.CREATE_IF_NEEDED
        config.encoding = "utf8"
        config.field_delimiter = ","
        config.ignore_unknown_values = False
        config.max_bad_records = 0
        config.quote_character = '"'
        config.skip_leading_rows = 1
        config.write_disposition = WriteDisposition.WRITE_APPEND
        config.null_marker = r"\N"

        expected_config = {
            "jobReference": {"projectId": self.PROJECT, "jobId": "job_id"},
            "configuration": {
                "load": {
                    "destinationTable": {
                        "projectId": self.TABLE_REF.project,
                        "datasetId": self.TABLE_REF.dataset_id,
                        "tableId": self.TABLE_REF.table_id,
                    },
                    "sourceFormat": config.source_format,
                    "allowJaggedRows": config.allow_jagged_rows,
                    "allowQuotedNewlines": config.allow_quoted_newlines,
                    "createDisposition": config.create_disposition,
                    "encoding": config.encoding,
                    "fieldDelimiter": config.field_delimiter,
                    "ignoreUnknownValues": config.ignore_unknown_values,
                    "maxBadRecords": config.max_bad_records,
                    "quote": config.quote_character,
                    "skipLeadingRows": str(config.skip_leading_rows),
                    "writeDisposition": config.write_disposition,
                    "nullMarker": config.null_marker,
                }
            },
        }

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", expected_config
        )
        with do_upload_patch as do_upload:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                file_obj, self.TABLE_REF, job_id="job_id", job_config=config
            )

        do_upload.assert_called_once_with(
            file_obj,
            expected_config,
            _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            None,
            project=self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION["jobReference"]["projectId"],
        )

    def test_load_table_from_file_multipart(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES

        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        file_obj_size = 10
        config = self._make_config()

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_multipart_upload", self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        )
        with do_upload_patch as do_upload:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                file_obj,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_id="job_id",
                job_config=config,
                size=file_obj_size,
            )

        do_upload.assert_called_once_with(
            file_obj,
            self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION,
            file_obj_size,
            _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            None,
            project=self.PROJECT,
        )

    def test_load_table_from_file_with_retries(self):
        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        num_retries = 20

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        )
        with do_upload_patch as do_upload:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                file_obj,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                num_retries=num_retries,
                job_id="job_id",
                job_config=self._make_config(),
            )

        do_upload.assert_called_once_with(
            file_obj,
            self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION,
            num_retries,
            None,
            project=self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION["jobReference"]["projectId"],
        )

    def test_load_table_from_file_with_rewind(self):
        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        file_obj.seek(2)

        with self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        ):
            client.load_table_from_file(file_obj, self.TABLE_REF, rewind=True)

        assert file_obj.tell() == 0

    def test_load_table_from_file_with_readable_gzip(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES

        client = self._make_client()
        gzip_file = self._make_gzip_file_obj(writable=False)

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        )
        with do_upload_patch as do_upload:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                gzip_file,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_id="job_id",
                job_config=self._make_config(),
            )

        do_upload.assert_called_once_with(
            gzip_file,
            self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION,
            _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            None,
            project=self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION["jobReference"]["projectId"],
        )

    def test_load_table_from_file_with_writable_gzip(self):
        client = self._make_client()
        gzip_file = self._make_gzip_file_obj(writable=True)

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            client.load_table_from_file(
                gzip_file,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_id="job_id",
                job_config=self._make_config(),
            )

    def test_load_table_from_file_failure(self):
        from google.resumable_media import InvalidResponse
        from google.cloud import exceptions

        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()

        response = self._make_response(
            content="Someone is already in this spot.", status_code=http.client.CONFLICT
        )

        do_upload_patch = self._make_do_upload_patch(
            client, "_do_resumable_upload", side_effect=InvalidResponse(response)
        )

        with do_upload_patch, pytest.raises(exceptions.Conflict) as exc_info:
            client.load_table_from_file(file_obj, self.TABLE_REF, rewind=True)

        assert response.text in exc_info.value.message
        assert exc_info.value.errors == []

    def test_load_table_from_file_bad_mode(self):
        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = mock.Mock(spec=["mode"])
        file_obj.mode = "x"

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            client.load_table_from_file(file_obj, self.TABLE_REF)

    def test_load_table_from_file_w_invalid_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        client = self._make_client()
        gzip_file = self._make_gzip_file_obj(writable=True)
        config = job.QueryJobConfig()
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.load_table_from_file(
                gzip_file, self.TABLE_REF, job_id="job_id", job_config=config
            )
        err_msg = str(exc.value)
        assert "Expected an instance of LoadJobConfig" in err_msg

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import PolicyTagList, SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [
            {"id": 1, "age": 100, "accounts": [2, 3]},
            {"id": 2, "age": 60, "accounts": [5]},
            {"id": 3, "age": 40, "accounts": []},
        ]
        # Mixup column order so that we can verify sent schema matches the
        # serialized order, not the table column order.
        column_order = ["age", "accounts", "id"]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records, columns=column_order)
        table_fields = {
            "id": SchemaField(
                "id",
                "INTEGER",
                mode="REQUIRED",
                description="integer column",
                policy_tags=PolicyTagList(names=("foo", "bar")),
            ),
            "age": SchemaField(
                "age",
                "INTEGER",
                mode="NULLABLE",
                description="age column",
                policy_tags=PolicyTagList(names=("baz",)),
            ),
            "accounts": SchemaField(
                "accounts", "INTEGER", mode="REPEATED", description="array column",
            ),
        }
        get_table_schema = [
            table_fields["id"],
            table_fields["age"],
            table_fields["accounts"],
        ]

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            return_value=mock.Mock(schema=get_table_schema),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(dataframe, self.TABLE_REF)

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=None,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_file = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][1][1]
        assert sent_file.closed

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"].to_api_repr()[
            "load"
        ]
        assert sent_config["sourceFormat"] == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        for field_index, field in enumerate(sent_config["schema"]["fields"]):
            assert field["name"] == column_order[field_index]
            table_field = table_fields[field["name"]]
            assert field["name"] == table_field.name
            assert field["type"] == table_field.field_type
            assert field["mode"] == table_field.mode
            assert len(field.get("fields", [])) == len(table_field.fields)
            assert field["policyTags"]["names"] == []
            # Omit unnecessary fields when they come from getting the table
            # (not passed in via job_config)
            assert "description" not in field

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_client_location(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client(location=self.LOCATION)
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            return_value=mock.Mock(
                schema=[SchemaField("id", "INTEGER"), SchemaField("age", "INTEGER")]
            ),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(dataframe, self.TABLE_REF)

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_file = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][1][1]
        assert sent_file.closed

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_custom_job_config_wihtout_source_format(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(
            write_disposition=job.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE,
        )
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            return_value=mock.Mock(
                schema=[SchemaField("id", "INTEGER"), SchemaField("age", "INTEGER")]
            ),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch as get_table:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        # no need to fetch and inspect table schema for WRITE_TRUNCATE jobs
        assert not get_table.called

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert sent_config.write_disposition == job.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_custom_job_config_w_source_format(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(
            write_disposition=job.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE,
            source_format=job.SourceFormat.PARQUET,
        )
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            return_value=mock.Mock(
                schema=[SchemaField("id", "INTEGER"), SchemaField("age", "INTEGER")]
            ),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch as get_table:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        # no need to fetch and inspect table schema for WRITE_TRUNCATE jobs
        assert not get_table.called

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert sent_config.write_disposition == job.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_custom_job_config_w_wrong_source_format(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(
            write_disposition=job.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE,
            source_format=job.SourceFormat.ORC,
        )

        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        assert "Got unexpected source_format:" in str(exc.value)

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_automatic_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        df_data = collections.OrderedDict(
            [
                ("int_col", [1, 2, 3]),
                ("float_col", [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]),
                ("bool_col", [True, False, True]),
                (
                    "dt_col",
                    pandas.Series(
                        [
                            datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 2, 3, 44, 50),
                            datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 3, 14, 50, 59),
                            datetime.datetime(2012, 3, 14, 15, 16),
                        ],
                        dtype="datetime64[ns]",
                    ),
                ),
                (
                    "ts_col",
                    pandas.Series(
                        [
                            datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 2, 3, 44, 50),
                            datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 3, 14, 50, 59),
                            datetime.datetime(2012, 3, 14, 15, 16),
                        ],
                        dtype="datetime64[ns]",
                    ).dt.tz_localize(pytz.utc),
                ),
            ]
        )
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(df_data, columns=df_data.keys())
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            side_effect=google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("Table not found"),
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert tuple(sent_config.schema) == (
            SchemaField("int_col", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("float_col", "FLOAT"),
            SchemaField("bool_col", "BOOLEAN"),
            SchemaField("dt_col", "TIMESTAMP"),
            SchemaField("ts_col", "TIMESTAMP"),
        )

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_index_and_auto_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        df_data = collections.OrderedDict(
            [("int_col", [10, 20, 30]), ("float_col", [1.0, 2.0, 3.0])]
        )
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(
            df_data,
            index=pandas.Index(name="unique_name", data=["one", "two", "three"]),
        )

        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            return_value=mock.Mock(
                schema=[
                    SchemaField("int_col", "INTEGER"),
                    SchemaField("float_col", "FLOAT"),
                    SchemaField("unique_name", "STRING"),
                ]
            ),
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET

        sent_schema = sorted(sent_config.schema, key=operator.attrgetter("name"))
        expected_sent_schema = [
            SchemaField("float_col", "FLOAT"),
            SchemaField("int_col", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("unique_name", "STRING"),
        ]
        assert sent_schema == expected_sent_schema

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_unknown_table(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            side_effect=google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("Table not found"),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            # there should be no error
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(dataframe, self.TABLE_REF)

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=None,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

    @unittest.skipIf(
        pandas is None or PANDAS_INSTALLED_VERSION < PANDAS_MINIUM_VERSION,
        "Only `pandas version >=1.0.0` supported",
    )
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_nullable_int64_datatype(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame({"x": [1, 2, None, 4]}, dtype="Int64")
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            return_value=mock.Mock(schema=[SchemaField("x", "INT64", "NULLABLE")]),
        )

        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert tuple(sent_config.schema) == (
            SchemaField("x", "INT64", "NULLABLE", None),
        )

    @unittest.skipIf(
        pandas is None or PANDAS_INSTALLED_VERSION < PANDAS_MINIUM_VERSION,
        "Only `pandas version >=1.0.0` supported",
    )
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_nullable_int64_datatype_automatic_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame({"x": [1, 2, None, 4]}, dtype="Int64")
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            side_effect=google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("Table not found"),
        )

        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert tuple(sent_config.schema) == (
            SchemaField("x", "INT64", "NULLABLE", None),
        )

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_struct_fields(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()

        records = [(3.14, {"foo": 1, "bar": 1})]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(
            data=records, columns=["float_column", "struct_column"]
        )

        schema = [
            SchemaField("float_column", "FLOAT"),
            SchemaField(
                "struct_column",
                "RECORD",
                fields=[SchemaField("foo", "INTEGER"), SchemaField("bar", "INTEGER")],
            ),
        ]
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(schema=schema)

        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            side_effect=google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("Table not found"),
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_config=job_config,
                location=self.LOCATION,
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert sent_config.schema == schema

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_partial_schema(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        df_data = collections.OrderedDict(
            [
                ("int_col", [1, 2, 3]),
                ("int_as_float_col", [1.0, float("nan"), 3.0]),
                ("float_col", [1.0, 2.0, 3.0]),
                ("bool_col", [True, False, True]),
                (
                    "dt_col",
                    pandas.Series(
                        [
                            datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 2, 3, 44, 50),
                            datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 3, 14, 50, 59),
                            datetime.datetime(2012, 3, 14, 15, 16),
                        ],
                        dtype="datetime64[ns]",
                    ),
                ),
                (
                    "ts_col",
                    pandas.Series(
                        [
                            datetime.datetime(2010, 1, 2, 3, 44, 50),
                            datetime.datetime(2011, 2, 3, 14, 50, 59),
                            datetime.datetime(2012, 3, 14, 15, 16),
                        ],
                        dtype="datetime64[ns]",
                    ).dt.tz_localize(pytz.utc),
                ),
                ("string_col", ["abc", None, "def"]),
                ("bytes_col", [b"abc", b"def", None]),
            ]
        )
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(df_data, columns=df_data.keys())
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        schema = (
            SchemaField("int_as_float_col", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("string_col", "STRING"),
            SchemaField("bytes_col", "BYTES"),
        )
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(schema=schema)
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert tuple(sent_config.schema) == (
            SchemaField("int_col", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("int_as_float_col", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("float_col", "FLOAT"),
            SchemaField("bool_col", "BOOLEAN"),
            SchemaField("dt_col", "TIMESTAMP"),
            SchemaField("ts_col", "TIMESTAMP"),
            SchemaField("string_col", "STRING"),
            SchemaField("bytes_col", "BYTES"),
        )

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_partial_schema_extra_types(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        df_data = collections.OrderedDict(
            [
                ("int_col", [1, 2, 3]),
                ("int_as_float_col", [1.0, float("nan"), 3.0]),
                ("string_col", ["abc", None, "def"]),
            ]
        )
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(df_data, columns=df_data.keys())
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        schema = (
            SchemaField("int_as_float_col", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("string_col", "STRING"),
            SchemaField("unknown_col", "BYTES"),
        )
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(schema=schema)
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, pytest.raises(
            ValueError
        ) as exc_context:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_not_called()
        message = str(exc_context.value)
        assert "bq_schema contains fields not present in dataframe" in message
        assert "unknown_col" in message

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_partial_schema_missing_types(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        df_data = collections.OrderedDict(
            [
                ("string_col", ["abc", "def", "ghi"]),
                ("unknown_col", [b"jkl", None, b"mno"]),
            ]
        )
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(df_data, columns=df_data.keys())
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        pyarrow_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery._pandas_helpers.pyarrow", None
        )

        schema = (SchemaField("string_col", "STRING"),)
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(schema=schema)
        with pyarrow_patch, load_patch as load_table_from_file, warnings.catch_warnings(
            record=True
        ) as warned:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        assert warned  # there should be at least one warning
        unknown_col_warnings = [
            warning for warning in warned if "unknown_col" in str(warning)
        ]
        assert unknown_col_warnings
        assert unknown_col_warnings[0].category == UserWarning

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET
        assert sent_config.schema is None

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_schema_arrow_custom_compression(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"name": "Monty", "age": 100}, {"name": "Python", "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)
        schema = (SchemaField("name", "STRING"), SchemaField("age", "INTEGER"))
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(schema=schema)

        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        to_parquet_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client._pandas_helpers.dataframe_to_parquet",
            autospec=True,
        )

        with load_patch, to_parquet_patch as fake_to_parquet:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_config=job_config,
                location=self.LOCATION,
                parquet_compression="LZ4",
            )

        call_args = fake_to_parquet.call_args
        assert call_args is not None
        assert call_args.kwargs.get("parquet_compression") == "LZ4"

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_wo_pyarrow_raises_error(self):
        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            side_effect=google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("Table not found"),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        pyarrow_patch = mock.patch("google.cloud.bigquery.client.pyarrow", None)
        to_parquet_patch = mock.patch.object(
            dataframe, "to_parquet", wraps=dataframe.to_parquet
        )

        with load_patch, get_table_patch, pyarrow_patch, to_parquet_patch:
            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
                client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                    dataframe,
                    self.TABLE_REF,
                    location=self.LOCATION,
                    parquet_compression="gzip",
                )

    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_bad_pyarrow_issues_warning(self):
        pytest.importorskip("pandas", reason="Requires `pandas`")
        pytest.importorskip("pyarrow", reason="Requires `pyarrow`")

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)

        pyarrow_version_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client._PYARROW_VERSION",
            packaging.version.parse("2.0.0"),  # A known bad version of pyarrow.
        )
        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            side_effect=google.api_core.exceptions.NotFound("Table not found"),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        with load_patch, get_table_patch, pyarrow_version_patch:
            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as warned:
                client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                    dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, location=self.LOCATION,
                )

        expected_warnings = [
            warning for warning in warned if "pyarrow" in str(warning).lower()
        ]
        assert len(expected_warnings) == 1
        assert issubclass(expected_warnings[0].category, RuntimeWarning)
        msg = str(expected_warnings[0].message)
        assert "pyarrow 2.0.0" in msg
        assert "data corruption" in msg

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    @unittest.skipIf(pyarrow is None, "Requires `pyarrow`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_nulls(self):
        """Test that a DataFrame with null columns can be uploaded if a
        BigQuery schema is specified.

        See: https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-python/issues/7370
        """
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"name": None, "age": None}, {"name": None, "age": None}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records, columns=["name", "age"])
        schema = [SchemaField("name", "STRING"), SchemaField("age", "INTEGER")]
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(schema=schema)

        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=self.LOCATION,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.schema == schema
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.PARQUET

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_w_invaild_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        client = self._make_client()

        records = [{"float_column": 3.14, "struct_column": [{"foo": 1}, {"bar": -1}]}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(data=records)
        job_config = job.CopyJobConfig()

        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config, location=self.LOCATION
            )

        err_msg = str(exc.value)
        assert "Expected an instance of LoadJobConfig" in err_msg

    @unittest.skipIf(pandas is None, "Requires `pandas`")
    def test_load_table_from_dataframe_with_csv_source_format(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()
        records = [{"id": 1, "age": 100}, {"id": 2, "age": 60}]
        dataframe = pandas.DataFrame(records)
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(
            write_disposition=job.WriteDisposition.WRITE_TRUNCATE,
            source_format=job.SourceFormat.CSV,
        )

        get_table_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.get_table",
            autospec=True,
            return_value=mock.Mock(
                schema=[SchemaField("id", "INTEGER"), SchemaField("age", "INTEGER")]
            ),
        )
        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )
        with load_patch as load_table_from_file, get_table_patch:
            client.load_table_from_dataframe(
                dataframe, self.TABLE_REF, job_config=job_config
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            rewind=True,
            size=mock.ANY,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=None,
            project=None,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_file = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][1][1]
        assert sent_file.closed

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.CSV

    def test_load_table_from_json_basic_use(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        client = self._make_client()

        json_rows = [
            {"name": "One", "age": 11, "birthday": "2008-09-10", "adult": False},
            {"name": "Two", "age": 22, "birthday": "1997-08-09", "adult": True},
        ]

        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        with load_patch as load_table_from_file:
            client.load_table_from_json(json_rows, self.TABLE_REF)

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            size=mock.ANY,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=client.location,
            project=client.project,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON
        assert sent_config.schema is None
        assert sent_config.autodetect

    def test_load_table_from_json_non_default_args(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        client = self._make_client()

        json_rows = [
            {"name": "One", "age": 11, "birthday": "2008-09-10", "adult": False},
            {"name": "Two", "age": 22, "birthday": "1997-08-09", "adult": True},
        ]

        schema = [
            SchemaField("name", "STRING"),
            SchemaField("age", "INTEGER"),
            SchemaField("adult", "BOOLEAN"),
        ]
        job_config = job.LoadJobConfig(schema=schema)
        job_config._properties["load"]["unknown_field"] = "foobar"
        original_config_copy = copy.deepcopy(job_config)

        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        with load_patch as load_table_from_file:
            client.load_table_from_json(
                json_rows,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_config=job_config,
                project="project-x",
                location="EU",
            )

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            size=mock.ANY,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location="EU",
            project="project-x",
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_config = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][2]["job_config"]
        assert sent_config.source_format == job.SourceFormat.NEWLINE_DELIMITED_JSON
        assert sent_config.schema == schema
        assert not sent_config.autodetect
        # all properties should have been cloned and sent to the backend
        assert sent_config._properties.get("load", {}).get("unknown_field") == "foobar"

        # the original config object should not have been modified
        assert job_config.to_api_repr() == original_config_copy.to_api_repr()

    def test_load_table_from_json_w_invalid_job_config(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        client = self._make_client()
        json_rows = [
            {"name": "One", "age": 11, "birthday": "2008-09-10", "adult": False},
            {"name": "Two", "age": 22, "birthday": "1997-08-09", "adult": True},
        ]
        job_config = job.CopyJobConfig()
        with pytest.raises(TypeError) as exc:
            client.load_table_from_json(
                json_rows,
                self.TABLE_REF,
                job_config=job_config,
                project="project-x",
                location="EU",
            )
        err_msg = str(exc.value)
        assert "Expected an instance of LoadJobConfig" in err_msg

    def test_load_table_from_json_unicode_emoji_data_case(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.client import _DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES
        from google.cloud.bigquery import job

        client = self._make_client()

        emoji = "\U0001F3E6"
        json_row = {"emoji": emoji}
        json_rows = [
            json_row
        ]

        load_patch = mock.patch(
            "google.cloud.bigquery.client.Client.load_table_from_file", autospec=True
        )

        with load_patch as load_table_from_file:
            client.load_table_from_json(json_rows, self.TABLE_REF)

        load_table_from_file.assert_called_once_with(
            client,
            mock.ANY,
            self.TABLE_REF,
            size=mock.ANY,
            num_retries=_DEFAULT_NUM_RETRIES,
            job_id=mock.ANY,
            job_id_prefix=None,
            location=client.location,
            project=client.project,
            job_config=mock.ANY,
            timeout=None,
        )

        sent_data_file = load_table_from_file.mock_calls[0][1][1]

        # make sure json_row's unicode characters are only encoded one time
        expected_bytes = b'{"emoji": "' + emoji.encode("utf8") + b'"}'
        assert sent_data_file.getvalue() == expected_bytes

    # Low-level tests

    @classmethod
    def _make_resumable_upload_responses(cls, size):
        """Make a series of responses for a successful resumable upload."""
        from google import resumable_media

        resumable_url = "http://test.invalid?upload_id=and-then-there-was-1"
        initial_response = cls._make_response(
            http.client.OK, "", {"location": resumable_url}
        )
        data_response = cls._make_response(
            resumable_media.PERMANENT_REDIRECT,
            "",
            {"range": "bytes=0-{:d}".format(size - 1)},
        )
        final_response = cls._make_response(
            http.client.OK,
            json.dumps({"size": size}),
            {"Content-Type": "application/json"},
        )
        return [initial_response, data_response, final_response]

    @staticmethod
    def _make_transport(responses=None):
        import google.auth.transport.requests

        transport = mock.create_autospec(
            google.auth.transport.requests.AuthorizedSession, instance=True
        )
        transport.request.side_effect = responses
        return transport

    def test__do_resumable_upload(self):
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        file_obj_len = len(file_obj.getvalue())
        transport = self._make_transport(
            self._make_resumable_upload_responses(file_obj_len)
        )
        client = self._make_client(transport)

        result = client._do_resumable_upload(
            file_obj, self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION, None, None
        )

        content = result.content.decode("utf-8")
        assert json.loads(content) == {"size": file_obj_len}

        # Verify that configuration data was passed in with the initial
        # request.
        transport.request.assert_any_call(
            "POST",
            mock.ANY,
            data=json.dumps(self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION).encode("utf-8"),
            headers=mock.ANY,
            timeout=mock.ANY,
        )

    def test__do_resumable_upload_custom_project(self):
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        file_obj_len = len(file_obj.getvalue())
        transport = self._make_transport(
            self._make_resumable_upload_responses(file_obj_len)
        )
        client = self._make_client(transport)

        result = client._do_resumable_upload(
            file_obj, self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION, None, None, project="custom-project",
        )

        content = result.content.decode("utf-8")
        assert json.loads(content) == {"size": file_obj_len}

        # Verify that configuration data was passed in with the initial
        # request.
        transport.request.assert_any_call(
            "POST",
            mock.ANY,
            data=json.dumps(self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION).encode("utf-8"),
            headers=mock.ANY,
            timeout=mock.ANY,
        )

        # Check the project ID used in the call to initiate resumable upload.
        initiation_url = next(
            (
                call.args[1]
                for call in transport.request.call_args_list
                if call.args[0] == "POST" and "uploadType=resumable" in call.args[1]
            ),
            None,
        )  # pragma: NO COVER

        assert initiation_url is not None
        assert "projects/custom-project" in initiation_url

    def test__do_multipart_upload(self):
        transport = self._make_transport([self._make_response(http.client.OK)])
        client = self._make_client(transport)
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        file_obj_len = len(file_obj.getvalue())

        client._do_multipart_upload(
            file_obj, self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION, file_obj_len, None, None
        )

        # Verify that configuration data was passed in with the initial
        # request.
        request_args = transport.request.mock_calls[0][2]
        request_data = request_args["data"].decode("utf-8")
        request_headers = request_args["headers"]

        request_content = email.message_from_string(
            "Content-Type: {}\r\n{}".format(
                request_headers["content-type"].decode("utf-8"), request_data
            )
        )

        # There should be two payloads: the configuration and the binary daya.
        configuration_data = request_content.get_payload(0).get_payload()
        binary_data = request_content.get_payload(1).get_payload()

        assert json.loads(configuration_data) == self.EXPECTED_CONFIGURATION
        assert binary_data.encode("utf-8") == file_obj.getvalue()

    def test__do_multipart_upload_wrong_size(self):
        client = self._make_client()
        file_obj = self._make_file_obj()
        file_obj_len = len(file_obj.getvalue())

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            client._do_multipart_upload(file_obj, {}, file_obj_len + 1, None, None)

    def test_schema_from_json_with_file_path(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        file_content = """[
          {
            "description": "quarter",
            "mode": "REQUIRED",
            "name": "qtr",
            "type": "STRING"
          },
          {
            "description": "sales representative",
            "mode": "NULLABLE",
            "name": "rep",
            "type": "STRING"
          },
          {
            "description": "total sales",
            "mode": "NULLABLE",
            "name": "sales",
            "type": "FLOAT"
          }
        ]"""

        expected = [
            SchemaField("qtr", "STRING", "REQUIRED", "quarter"),
            SchemaField("rep", "STRING", "NULLABLE", "sales representative"),
            SchemaField("sales", "FLOAT", "NULLABLE", "total sales"),
        ]

        client = self._make_client()
        mock_file_path = "/mocked/file.json"

        open_patch = mock.patch(
            "builtins.open", new=mock.mock_open(read_data=file_content)
        )

        with open_patch as _mock_file:
            actual = client.schema_from_json(mock_file_path)
            _mock_file.assert_called_once_with(mock_file_path)
            # This assert is to make sure __exit__ is called in the context
            # manager that opens the file in the function
            _mock_file().__exit__.assert_called_once()

        assert expected == actual

    def test_schema_from_json_with_file_object(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        file_content = """[
          {
            "description": "quarter",
            "mode": "REQUIRED",
            "name": "qtr",
            "type": "STRING"
          },
          {
            "description": "sales representative",
            "mode": "NULLABLE",
            "name": "rep",
            "type": "STRING"
          },
          {
            "description": "total sales",
            "mode": "NULLABLE",
            "name": "sales",
            "type": "FLOAT"
          }
        ]"""

        expected = [
            SchemaField("qtr", "STRING", "REQUIRED", "quarter"),
            SchemaField("rep", "STRING", "NULLABLE", "sales representative"),
            SchemaField("sales", "FLOAT", "NULLABLE", "total sales"),
        ]

        client = self._make_client()
        fake_file = io.StringIO(file_content)
        actual = client.schema_from_json(fake_file)

        assert expected == actual

    def test_schema_to_json_with_file_path(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        file_content = [
            {
                "description": "quarter",
                "mode": "REQUIRED",
                "name": "qtr",
                "policyTags": {"names": []},
                "type": "STRING",
            },
            {
                "description": "sales representative",
                "mode": "NULLABLE",
                "name": "rep",
                "policyTags": {"names": []},
                "type": "STRING",
            },
            {
                "description": "total sales",
                "mode": "NULLABLE",
                "name": "sales",
                "policyTags": {"names": []},
                "type": "FLOAT",
            },
        ]

        schema_list = [
            SchemaField("qtr", "STRING", "REQUIRED", "quarter"),
            SchemaField("rep", "STRING", "NULLABLE", "sales representative"),
            SchemaField("sales", "FLOAT", "NULLABLE", "total sales"),
        ]

        client = self._make_client()
        mock_file_path = "/mocked/file.json"
        open_patch = mock.patch("builtins.open", mock.mock_open())

        with open_patch as mock_file, mock.patch("json.dump") as mock_dump:
            client.schema_to_json(schema_list, mock_file_path)
            mock_file.assert_called_once_with(mock_file_path, mode="w")
            # This assert is to make sure __exit__ is called in the context
            # manager that opens the file in the function
            mock_file().__exit__.assert_called_once()
            mock_dump.assert_called_with(
                file_content, mock_file.return_value, indent=2, sort_keys=True
            )

    def test_schema_to_json_with_file_object(self):
        from google.cloud.bigquery.schema import SchemaField

        file_content = [
            {
                "description": "quarter",
                "mode": "REQUIRED",
                "name": "qtr",
                "policyTags": {"names": []},
                "type": "STRING",
            },
            {
                "description": "sales representative",
                "mode": "NULLABLE",
                "name": "rep",
                "policyTags": {"names": []},
                "type": "STRING",
            },
            {
                "description": "total sales",
                "mode": "NULLABLE",
                "name": "sales",
                "policyTags": {"names": []},
                "type": "FLOAT",
            },
        ]

        schema_list = [
            SchemaField("qtr", "STRING", "REQUIRED", "quarter"),
            SchemaField("rep", "STRING", "NULLABLE", "sales representative"),
            SchemaField("sales", "FLOAT", "NULLABLE", "total sales"),
        ]

        fake_file = io.StringIO()

        client = self._make_client()

        client.schema_to_json(schema_list, fake_file)
        assert file_content == json.loads(fake_file.getvalue())


def test_upload_chunksize(client):
    with mock.patch("google.cloud.bigquery.client.ResumableUpload") as RU:
        upload = RU.return_value

        upload.finished = False

        def transmit_next_chunk(transport):
            upload.finished = True
            result = mock.MagicMock()
            result.json.return_value = {}
            return result

        upload.transmit_next_chunk = transmit_next_chunk
        f = io.BytesIO()
        client.load_table_from_file(f, "foo.bar")

        chunk_size = RU.call_args_list[0][0][1]
        assert chunk_size == 100 * (1 << 20)