dev.txt

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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//                                                                            //
//                             Dev Cheat Sheet                                //
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//                                                                           //
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---------------------------------------------------------------------[ ASCII ]--


   dec hex  oct   bin      esc ctrl code print  description
   --- ---  ---   ---      --- ---- ---- -----  -----------
     0 \x00 \00   00000000 \0  ^@   NUL         (Null char.)
     1 \x01 \01   00000001     ^A   SOH         (Start of Header)
     2 \x02 \02   00000010     ^B   STX         (Start of Text)
     3 \x03 \03   00000011     ^C   ETX         (End of Text)
     4 \x04 \04   00000100     ^D   EOT         (End of Transmission)
     5 \x05 \05   00000101     ^E   ENQ         (Enquiry)
     6 \x06 \06   00000110     ^F   ACK         (Acknowledgment)
     7 \x07 \07   00000111 \a  ^G   BEL         (Bell)
     8 \x08 \010  00001000 \b  ^H   BS          (Backspace)
     9 \x09 \011  00001001 \t  ^I   HT   TAB    (Horizontal Tab)
    10 \x0A \012  00001010 \n  ^J   LF   LF     (Line Feed)
    11 \x0B \013  00001011 \v  ^K   VT          (Vertical Tab)
    12 \x0C \014  00001100 \f  ^L   FF          (Form Feed)
    13 \x0D \015  00001101 \r  ^M   CR   CR     (Carriage Return)
    14 \x0E \016  00001110     ^N   SO          (Shift Out)
    15 \x0F \017  00001111     ^O   SI          (Shift In)
    16 \x10 \020  00010000     ^P   DLE         (Data Link Escape)
    17 \x11 \021  00010001     ^Q   DC1         (Device Control 1)(XON)
    18 \x12 \022  00010010     ^R   DC2         (Device Control 2)
    19 \x13 \023  00010011     ^S   DC3         (Device Control 3)(XOFF)
    20 \x14 \024  00010100     ^T   DC4         (Device Control 4)
    21 \x15 \025  00010101     ^U   NAK         (Negative ACK)
    22 \x16 \026  00010110     ^V   SYN         (Synchronous Idle)
    23 \x17 \027  00010111     ^W   ETB         (End of Trans. Block)
    24 \x18 \030  00011000     ^X   CAN         (Cancel)
    25 \x19 \031  00011001     ^Y   EM          (End of Medium)
    26 \x1A \032  00011010     ^Z   SUB         (Substitute)
    27 \x1B \033  00011011     ^[   ESC         (Escape)
    28 \x1C \034  00011100     ^\   FS          (File Separator)
    29 \x1D \035  00011101     ^]   GS          (Group Separator)
    30 \x1E \036  00011110     ^^   RS          (Request to Send)
    31 \x1F \037  00011111     ^_   US          (Unit Separator)
    32 \x20 \040  00100000               SPACE  (Space)
    33 \x21 \041  00100001               !      (exclamation mark)
    34 \x22 \042  00100010 \"            "      (double quote)
    35 \x23 \043  00100011               #      (number sign)
    36 \x24 \044  00100100               $      (dollar sign)
    37 \x25 \045  00100101               %      (percent)
    38 \x26 \046  00100110               &      (ampersand)
    39 \x27 \047  00100111 \'            '      (single quote)
    40 \x28 \050  00101000               (      (opening parenthesis)
    41 \x29 \051  00101001               )      (closing parenthesis)
    42 \x2A \052  00101010               *      (asterisk)
    43 \x2B \053  00101011               +      (plus)
    44 \x2C \054  00101100               ,      (comma)
    45 \x2D \055  00101101               -      (minus or dash)
    46 \x2E \056  00101110               .      (dot)
    47 \x2F \057  00101111               /      (forward slash)
    48 \x30 \060  00110000               0
    49 \x31 \061  00110001               1
    50 \x32 \062  00110010               2
    51 \x33 \063  00110011               3
    52 \x34 \064  00110100               4
    53 \x35 \065  00110101               5
    54 \x36 \066  00110110               6
    55 \x37 \067  00110111               7
    56 \x38 \070  00111000               8
    57 \x39 \071  00111001               9
    58 \x3A \072  00111010               :      (colon)
    59 \x3B \073  00111011               ;      (semi-colon)
    60 \x3C \074  00111100               <      (less than sign)
    61 \x3D \075  00111101               =      (equal sign)
    62 \x3E \076  00111110               >      (greater than sign)
    63 \x3F \077  00111111               ?      (question mark)
    64 \x40 \0100 01000000               @      (AT symbol)
    65 \x41 \0101 01000001               A
    66 \x42 \0102 01000010               B
    67 \x43 \0103 01000011               C
    68 \x44 \0104 01000100               D
    69 \x45 \0105 01000101               E
    70 \x46 \0106 01000110               F
    71 \x47 \0107 01000111               G
    72 \x48 \0110 01001000               H
    73 \x49 \0111 01001001               I
    74 \x4A \0112 01001010               J
    75 \x4B \0113 01001011               K
    76 \x4C \0114 01001100               L
    77 \x4D \0115 01001101               M
    78 \x4E \0116 01001110               N
    79 \x4F \0117 01001111               O
    80 \x50 \0120 01010000               P
    81 \x51 \0121 01010001               Q
    82 \x52 \0122 01010010               R
    83 \x53 \0123 01010011               S
    84 \x54 \0124 01010100               T
    85 \x55 \0125 01010101               U
    86 \x56 \0126 01010110               V
    87 \x57 \0127 01010111               W
    88 \x58 \0130 01011000               X
    89 \x59 \0131 01011001               Y
    90 \x5A \0132 01011010               Z
    91 \x5B \0133 01011011               [      (opening bracket)
    92 \x5C \0134 01011100 \\            \      (back slash)
    93 \x5D \0135 01011101               ]      (closing bracket)
    94 \x5E \0136 01011110               ^      (caret cirumflex)
    95 \x5F \0137 01011111               _      (underscore)
    96 \x60 \0140 01100000               `      (backquote)
    97 \x61 \0141 01100001               a
    98 \x62 \0142 01100010               b
    99 \x63 \0143 01100011               c
   100 \x64 \0144 01100100               d
   101 \x65 \0145 01100101               e
   102 \x66 \0146 01100110               f
   103 \x67 \0147 01100111               g
   104 \x68 \0150 01101000               h
   105 \x69 \0151 01101001               i
   106 \x6A \0152 01101010               j
   107 \x6B \0153 01101011               k
   108 \x6C \0154 01101100               l
   109 \x6D \0155 01101101               m
   110 \x6E \0156 01101110               n
   111 \x6F \0157 01101111               o
   112 \x70 \0160 01110000               p
   113 \x71 \0161 01110001               q
   114 \x72 \0162 01110010               r
   115 \x73 \0163 01110011               s
   116 \x74 \0164 01110100               t
   117 \x75 \0165 01110101               u
   118 \x76 \0166 01110110               v
   119 \x77 \0167 01110111               w
   120 \x78 \0170 01111000               x
   121 \x79 \0171 01111001               y
   122 \x7A \0172 01111010               z
   123 \x7B \0173 01111011               {      (opening brace)
   124 \x7C \0174 01111100               |      (vertical bar)
   125 \x7D \0175 01111101               }      (closing brace)
   126 \x7E \0176 01111110               ~      (tilde)
   127 \x7F \0177 01111111     ^?   DEL         (delete)



--------------------------------------------------------------------[ printf ]--

%[flags][width][.precision][length]specifier

specifier    output
---------    ----
c            Character
d or i       Signed decimal integer
e            Scientific notation (mantise/exponent) using e character
E            Scientific notation (mantise/exponent) using E character
f            Decimal floating point
g            Use the shorter of %e or %f
G            Use the shorter of %E or %f
o            Signed octal
s            String of characters
u            Unsigned decimal integer
x            Unsigned hexadecimal integer
X            Unsigned hexadecimal integer (capital letters)
p            Pointer address
n            Nothing printed. The argument must be a pointer to a signed int,
             where the number of characters written so far is stored.
%            A % followed by another % character will write % to stdout.

flags        description
-----        -----------
-            Left-justify within the given field width; Right justification is
             the default (see width sub-specifier).
+            Forces to precede the result with a plus or minus sign (+ or -)
             even for positive numbers. By default, only negative numbers are
             preceded with a - sign.
(space)      If no sign is going to be written, a blank space is inserted before
             the value.
#            Used with o, x or X specifiers the value is preceeded with 0, 0x or
             0X respectively for values different than zero.
             Used with e, E and f, it forces the written output to contain a
             decimal point even if no digits would follow. By default, if no
             not removed.
0            Left-pads the number with zeroes (0) instead of spaces, where
             padding is specified (see width sub-specifier).

width        description
-----        -----------
(number)     Minimum number of characters to be printed. If the value to be
             printed is shorter than this number, the result is padded with
             blank spaces. The value is not truncated even if the result is
             larger.
*            The width is not specified in the format string, but as an
             additional integer value argument preceding the argument that
             has to be formatted.

.precision   description
----------   -----------
.number      For integer specifiers (d, i, o, u, x, X): precision specifies the
             minimum number of digits to be written. If the value to be written
             is shorter than this number, the result is padded with leading
             zeros. The value is not truncated even if the result is longer. A
             precision of 0 means that no character is written for the value 0.
             For e, E and f specifiers: this is the number of digits to be
             printed after the decimal point.
             For g and G specifiers: This is the maximum number of significant
             digits to be printed.
             For s: this is the maximum number of characters to be printed. By
             default all characters are printed until the ending null character
             is encountered.
             For c type: it has no effect.
             When no precision is specified, the default is 1. If the period is
             specified without an explicit value for precision, 0 is assumed.
.*           The precision is not specified in the format string, but as an
             additional integer value argument preceding the argument that has
             to be formatted.

length       description
------       -----------
h            The argument is interpreted as a short int or unsigned short int
             (only applies to integer specifiers: i, d, o, u, x and X).
l            The argument is interpreted as a long int or unsigned long int for
             integer specifiers (i, d, o, u, x and X), and as a wide character
             or wide character string for specifiers c and s.
L            The argument is interpreted as a long double (only applies to
             floating point specifiers: e, E, f, g and G).

  [ Links ]

    http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/clibrary/cstdio/printf



---------------------------------------------------------------[ Types sizes ]--

type                   bytes  bits range
----                   -----  ---- -----

unsigned char          1       8   [               0, +255            ]
signed char            1       8   [            -128, +127            ]
unsigned short int     2      16   [               0, +32 767         ]  (32Kb)
short int              2      16   [         -16 384, +16 383         ]  (16kb)
unsigned int           4      32   [               0, +4 294 967 295  ]  ( 4Gb)
int                    4      32   [  -2 147 483 648, +2 147 483 647  ]  ( 2Gb)
long int               4      32   [  -2 147 483 648, +2 147 483 647  ]  ( 2Gb)
unsigned __int64       8      64   [               0,
                                          +18 446 744 073 709 551 616 ]  (18Eb)
__int64                8      64   [ -9 223 372 036 854 775 808,
                                            9 223 372 036 854 775 808 ]  ( 9Eb)

float                  4      32   ±3.4e ±38  (~7 decimal digits)
double                 8      64   ±1.7e ±308 (~15 decimal digits)
long double            12/16  80   Depends of the platform and compiler.


  [ Links ]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754-1985
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_double
    <float.h>



-------------------------------------------------------------------[ RegExes ]--

  quantifiers
  -----------
?                : 0 or 1
+                : >= 1
*                : >= 0
{n}              : n
{n,}             : >= n
{n,m}            : >= n && <= m

  placeholders
  ------------
^ ...            : begins with
... $            : ends with

  groups
  ------
...              : litteral
[ ... ]          : any of
[^ ... ]         : none of
( ... )          : capturing group
( ... | ... )    : either
(?: ... )        : non capturing group
(?# ... )        : comment, must not contain a closing parenthesis ')'

  lookaround
  ----------

(?= ... )        : look ahead
                     (eg: q(?=u) matches q in question but not in Iraq)
(?! ... )        : negative look ahead
                     (eg: q(?!u) matches q in Iraq but not in question)

(?<= ... )       : look behind
                     (eg: (?<=a)b matches the b in cab but not in debt)
(?<! ... )       : negative look behind
                     (eg: (?<!a)b matches the b in debt but not in cab)

Notice: when using lookaround with mutliple candiates (...|...), all the
        candidates must have the same lnegth.

  character classes
  -----------------

POSIX      perl  ASCII             description
-----      ----  -----             -----------

[:alnum:]        [A-Za-z0-9]       Alphanumeric characters
[:word:]   \w    [A-Za-z0-9_]      Alphanumeric characters plus "_"
           \W    [^\w]             Non-word character
[:alpha:]        [A-Za-z]          Alphabetic characters
[:blank:]        [ \t]             Space and tab
[:cntrl:]        [\x00-\x1F\x7F]   Control characters

[:digit:]  \d    [0-9]             Digits
           \D    [^\d]             Non-digit
[:graph:]        [\x21-\x7E]       Visible characters
[:lower:]        [a-z]             Lowercase letters
[:print:]        [\x20-\x7E]       Visible characters and spaces
[:punct:]        [-!"#$%&amp;'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\\]^_`{|}~]
                                   Punctuation characters
[:space:]  \s    [ \t\r\n\v\f]     Whitespace characters
           \S    [^\s]             Non-whitespace character
[:upper:]        [A-Z]             Uppercase letters
[:xdigit:]       [A-Fa-f0-9]       Hexadecimal digits

           \b                      Word boundary
           \B                      Non-(word boundary)
           \A                      Only at beginning of string
           \Z                      Only at end of string, or before
                                     newline at the end

           \z                      Only at end of string
           \G                      Only where previous m//g left off
                                     (works only with /g)

  [ Links ]

    http://www.regular-expressions.info/quickstart.html
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_expression
    http://www.regex101.com



----------------------------------------------------------------[ Endianness ]--

  0xFEED1337

        address       0  1  2  3
     big endian   0x FE ED 13 37   MSB @ lowest address  Motorola, Sparc, ...
  little endian   0x 37 13 ED FE   LSB @ lowest address  Intel, ...



--------------------------------------------[ Win32 CRT Debug Heap Internals ]--

    address       desciption                       time
    -------       ----------                       ----

    0x00000000    NULL
    0xBAADF00D    not yet allocated memory         after HeapAlloc()
    0xCCCCCCCC    allocated on stack (/RTCs)       after local var declaration
    0xCDCDCDCD    clean memory (newly allocated)   after malloc()
    0xDDDDDDDD    dead memory (freed)              during free()
    0xFDFDFDFD    fences around memory             malloc()
    0xFEEEFEEE    freed memory                     after HeapFree()
    0xABABABAB    win32 heap bookkeeping           anytime before HeapFree()

  [ Links ]

    http://www.nobugs.org/developer/win32/debug_crt_heap.html



-----------------------------------------------------[ C++ operator priority ]--

  Opérateur         Nom ou signification
  ---------         --------------------

  ::                Opérateur de résolution de portée
  []                Opérateur d'accès aux éléments de tableau
  ()                Opérateur d'appel de fonction
  type()            Opérateur de transtypage explicite
  .                 Opérateur de sélection de membre
  ->                Opérateur de sélection de membre par déréférencement
  ++                Opérateur d'incrémentation post-fixe
  --                Opérateur de décrémentation post-fixe
  new               Opérateur de création dynamique d'objets
  new[]             Opérateur de création dynamique de tableaux
  delete            Opérateur de destruction des objets créés dynamiquement
  delete[]          Opérateur de destruction des tableaux créés dynamiquement
  ++                Opérateur d'incrémentation préfixe
  --                Opérateur de décrémentation préfixe
  *                 Opérateur de déréférencement
  &                 Opérateur d'adresse
  +                 Opérateur plus unaire
  -                 Opérateur négation unaire
  !                 Opérateur de négation logique
  ~                 Opérateur de complément à un
  sizeof            Opérateur de taille d'objet
  sizeof            Opérateur de taille de type
  typeid            Opérateur d'identification de type
  (type)            Opérateur de transtypage
  const_cast        Opérateur de transtypage de constance
  dynamic_cast      Opérateur de transtypage dynamique
  reinterpret_cast  Opérateur de réinterprétation
  static_cast       Opérateur de transtypage statique
  .*                Opérateur de sélection de membre par pointeur sur membre
  ->*               Opérateur de sélection de membre par pointeur sur membre
                        par déréférencement
  *                 Opérateur de multiplication
  /                 Opérateur de division
  %                 Opérateur de reste de la division entière
  +                 Opérateur d'addition
  -                 Opérateur de soustraction
  <<                Opérateur de décalage à gauche
  >>                Opérateur de décalage à droite
  <                 Opérateur d'infériorité
  >                 Opérateur de supériorité
  <=                Opérateur d'infériorité ou d'égalité
  >=                Opérateur de supériorité ou d'égalité
  ==                Opérateur d'égalité
  !=                Opérateur d'inégalité
  &                 Opérateur et binaire
  ^                 Opérateur ou exclusif binaire
  |                 Opérateur ou inclusif binaire
  &&                Opérateur et logique
  ||                Opérateur ou logique
  ?:                Opérateur ternaire
  =                 Opérateur d'affectation
  *=                Opérateur de multiplication et d'affectation
  /=                Opérateur de division et d'affectation
  %=                Opérateur de modulo et d'affectation
  +=                Opérateur d'addition et d'affectation
  -=                Opérateur de soustraction et d'affectation
  <<=               Opérateur de décalage à gauche et d'affectation
  >>=               Opérateur de décalage à droite et d'affectation
  &=                Opérateur de et binaire et d'affectation
  |=                Opérateur de ou inclusif binaire et d'affectation
  ^=                Opérateur de ou exclusif binaire et d'affectation
  ,                 Opérateur virgule


  [ Links ]

    http://casteyde.christian.free.fr/cpp/cours/online/a9632.html


----------------------------------------------------------------[ C++ tricks ]--

  Dictionnary
  -----------

    l-value : location value
    r-value : return value

  Undefined behaviors
  -------------------

    u = (u++); // Can't modify a variable twice between two sequence points.
    Dereferencing NULL is undefined.
    Attempting to modify a string literal or other const object during
      its lifetime.

  Uncommon features
  -----------------

    new(p) T(a, b); // Instanciates a object of type T at the p address (p
                    // must be pointing to an allocated space).

  Some thoughts
  -------------

    An inner class is automatically declared friend to its host:

      class Host {
        friend class Guest; // not needed
        class Guest {
        };
      };

    Deleting NULL doesn't segfault.

  Templates
  ---------

    Enforce template specialization for a type subset:

      // Declares (but doesn't define) the generic class Allowed.
      template<typename T> struct Allowed;

      // Defines the class Allowed for the allowed types.
      template<> struct Allowed<std::string> { };
      template<> struct Allowed<short> { };

      // To use, simply inherits from Allowed<T>
      template<typename T>
      struct MyClass : private Allowed<T> {
        // ...
      };

      MyClass<double> m; // Instanciation with the wrong type is impossible.

  Casts
  -----

    dynamic_cast
      Pointers only. Use to cast Base to Derived. NULL pointer is returned if
      cast fails. Use when you're not sure of the types involved.

    static_cast
      Any type. No safety check is performed. Use when you know the types
      involved.

    const_cast
      Adds or removes the constness on any type. Beware to litterals.

    reinterpret_cast
      Pointers only. You know what you're doing, right?


  [ Links ]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_point


-----------------------------------------------------------------[ IP ranges ]--

  IPv4
  ----

    net address      broadcast         binary prefix         description
    -----------      ---------         -------------         -----------
    127.0.0.1/8      127.255.255.255   0111 1111             loopback
    10.0.0.0/8        10.255.255.255   1010 0000             private
    172.16.0.0/12    172. 31.255.255   1010 1100 0001        private
    192.168.0.0/16   192.168.255.255   1100 0000 1010 1000   private
    224.0.0.0/4      239.255.255.255   1111                  multicast


  IPv6
  ----

    address         binary prefix                        description
    -----------     -------------                        -----------
    ::/128          00...0                               unspecified
    ::1/128         00...1                               loopback
    fc00::/7        1111110                              unique local unicast
    fe80::/10       11111110 10                          link local unicast
    ff00::/8        11111111                             multicast
    ::ffff:0:0/96                                        mapping IPv4
    2002::/16       00100000 00000010                    6to4
    2001:db8::/32   00100000 00000001 00001101 10111000  documentation


      eg: 2001:0db8:0000:85a3:0000:0000:ac1f:8001
          2001:db8:0:85a3:0:0:ac1f:8001
          2001:db8::85a5:0:0:ac1f:8001
          2001:db8:0:85a5::ac1f:8001
          (mapping IPv4) 192.168.1.1 -> ::ffff:C0A8:0101 ou ::ffff:192.168.1.1
          (6to4)            10.1.2.3 -> 2002:0A01:0203::/48


  [ Links ]

    http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adresse_IPv4
    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291



--------------------------------------------------------------------[ ORACLE ]--

  Remarkable tables (prefixed by USER_ or ALL_ [ == DBA_ ])

    Table name   Description
    ----------   -----------
    TAB_PRIVS    Privileges
    TRIGGERS
    TABLES
    SEQUENCES
    USERS
    V$*          Settings, where * is for example NLS_PARAMETERS



-----------------------------------------------------------------------[ UML ]--

  Dependency
  ----------

  o A has knowledge of B

    +-----+            +-----+
    |  A  |- - - - - ->|  B  |
    +-----+            +-----+
    +-----+            +-----+

    class A {
    public:
      void method(B* B_);
    };

  Association
  -----------

  o No ownership relation
  o B's lifecycle independent from A

    +-----+            +-----+
    |  A  |----------->|  B  |
    +-----+            +-----+
    +-----+            +-----+

    class A {
      B* _pB;
    };

  Association (Aggrégation)
  -------------------------

  o A has-a B
  o B's lifecycle independent from A

    +-----+            +-----+
    |  A  |<>--------->|  B  |
    +-----+            +-----+
    +-----+            +-----+

    class A {
      B* _pB;
    };

  Composition
  -----------

  o A has-a B
  o A manages B's lifecycle

    +-----+            +-----+
    |  A  |<#>-------->|  B  |
    +-----+            +-----+
    +-----+            +-----+

    class A {
      B _b;
    };

  Interface
  ---------

    +-----+            +-----+      +----------+
    |  A  |- - ->O-----|  B  |      | <<type>> |
    +-----+      I     +-----+      |    I     |
    +-----+            +-----+      +----------+
                                    +----------+
    class I {
    public:
      virtual void method() =0;
    };
    class B : public I {
      void method();
    };
    class A {
    public:
      void method(B* B_);
    };

  Inheritance
  -----------

    +-----+          +-----+
    |  B  |          |  I  |
    +-----+          +-----+
    +-----+          +-----+
       A                A
       |                |
       |
       |                |
       |
       |                |
    +-----+          +-----+
    |  A  |          |  B  |
    +-----+          +-----+
    +-----+          +-----+

    class I {
    public:
      virtual void method() =0;
    };
    class B : public I {
      void method();
    };
    class A : public B {
    };


  [ Links ]

    http://ootips.org/uml-hasa.html


-------------------------------------------------[ Microsoft's fucking types ]--

  Type prefix Meaning
  ----------- -------
    LP          far(*) pointer
    P           near(*) pointer
    C           const
    U           __unaligned (amd64 & IA64)
    T           depends on definition of _UNICODE (see TCHAR)

    (*) Legacy from the (not so) good old 16-bit systems.
        A 'near' pointer was a 16-bit offset into a region of memory, with
        implicit start address (the implicit start address depended on the
        context). A 'far' pointer was a 32-bit pointer consisting of a 16-bit
        'selector' that indirectly determined the start address of the memory
        region, and a 16-bit offset into that region.


  M$ version  Real type                   Condition
  ----------  ---------                   ---------

    BOOL        int
    CHAR        char
    WCHAR       wchar_t
    TCHAR       wchar_t                     #ifdef _UNICODE
                char                        #else
    BYTE        unsigned char
    WORD        unsigned short
    DWORD       unsigned long
    PCH         char*
    PSTR        char* (NULL terminated)
    PWCH        wchar_t*
    PWSTR       wchar_t* (NULL terminated)

    OLECHAR     WCHAR                       #ifndef OLE2ANSI
                char                        #else
    LPOLESTR    OLECHAR*                    #ifndef OLE2ANSI
                LPSTR                       #else
    BSTR        OLECHAR*
    HRESULT     int


    eg: LPCWSTR : wchar_t const*
        LPTSTR  : wchar_t* or char* (depending of _UNICODE definition)


  [ Links ]
    http://bytes.com/topic/c/answers/141387-what-difference-between-far-near-pointer


-----------------------------------------------------[ Microsoft COM HRESULT ]--


                                        1               2
        0 1 2 3 4 5     8               6               4
        | | | | | |     |               |               |
       [S|R|C|N|X|Facility :            |Code                           ]
    :

    S           Severity. If set, indicates a failure result. If clear,
                indicates a success result.
    R           Reserved. If the N bit is clear, this bit MUST be set to 0. If
                the N bit is set, this bit is defined by the NTSTATUS
                numbering space.
    C           Customer. This bit specifies if the value is customer-defined
                or Microsoft-defined. The bit is set for customer-defined
                values and clear for Microsoft-defined values.
    N           If set, indicates that the error code is an NTSTATUS value,
                except that this bit is set.
    X           Reserved. SHOULD be set to 0.
    Facility    An indicator of the source of the error. New facilities are
                occasionally added by Microsoft.
    Code        The remainder of the error code.

  [ Links ]
    http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc231198.aspx


---------------------------------------------------[ C# inheritance keywords ]--


                   implemented  keyword (derived)
  keyword (base)   in base      new     override
  --------------   -----------  ---     --------
  abstract         N            N       Y
  virtual          Y            Y       Y
  none             Y            Y       N


---------------------------------------------------------------[ HTTP Status ]--


  Code  Description
  ----  -----------

     temporary reply
     ---------------
   100  ok to continue
   101  server changed protocol

     success
     -------
   200  ok
   201  object created, reason = new URI
   202  async completion TBS
   203  partial completion
   204  no info to return
   205  request completed, but clear form
   206  partial GET furfilled

     redirection
     -----------
   300  server couldn't decide what to return
   301  object permanently moved
   302  object temporarily moved
   303  redirection with new access method
   304  if-modified-since was not modified
   305  redirection to proxy, location header specifies proxy to use
   307  HTTP/1.1keep same verb

     client request error
     --------------------
   400  invalid syntax
   401  access denied
   402  payment required
   403  forbidden
   404  page not found
   405  method is not allowed
   406  no response acceptable to client found
   407  proxy authentication required
   408  server timed out waiting for request
   409  user should resubmit with more info
   410  the resource is no longer available
   411  the server refused to accept request w/o a length
   412  precondition given in request failed
   413  request entity was too large
   414  request URI too long
   415  unsupported media type

     server error
     ------------
   500  internal server error
   501  required not supported
   502  error response received from gateway
   503  temporarily overloaded
   504  timed out waiting for gateway
   505  HTTP version not supported


-----------------------------------------------------------------------[ BOM ]--


  Bytes          Encoding Form
  -----          -------------
  00 00 FE FF    UTF-32, big-endian
  FF FE 00 00    UTF-32, little-endian
  FE FF          UTF-16, big-endian
  FF FE          UTF-16, little-endian
  EF BB BF       UTF-8


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