_helpers.py

# Copyright 2015 Google Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Helper functions for commonly used utilities."""

import base64
import calendar
import datetime
import urllib


CLOCK_SKEW_SECS = 60  # 60 seconds
CLOCK_SKEW = datetime.timedelta(seconds=CLOCK_SKEW_SECS)


def copy_docstring(source_class):
    """Decorator that copies a method's docstring from another class.

    Args:
        source_class (type): The class that has the documented method.

    Returns:
        Callable: A decorator that will copy the docstring of the same
            named method in the source class to the decorated method.
    """

    def decorator(method):
        """Decorator implementation.

        Args:
            method (Callable): The method to copy the docstring to.

        Returns:
            Callable: the same method passed in with an updated docstring.

        Raises:
            ValueError: if the method already has a docstring.
        """
        if method.__doc__:
            raise ValueError("Method already has a docstring.")

        source_method = getattr(source_class, method.__name__)
        method.__doc__ = source_method.__doc__

        return method

    return decorator


def utcnow():
    """Returns the current UTC datetime.

    Returns:
        datetime: The current time in UTC.
    """
    return datetime.datetime.utcnow()


def datetime_to_secs(value):
    """Convert a datetime object to the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.

    Args:
        value (datetime): The datetime to convert.

    Returns:
        int: The number of seconds since the UNIX epoch.
    """
    return calendar.timegm(value.utctimetuple())


def to_bytes(value, encoding="utf-8"):
    """Converts a string value to bytes, if necessary.

    Args:
        value (Union[str, bytes]): The value to be converted.
        encoding (str): The encoding to use to convert unicode to bytes.
            Defaults to "utf-8".

    Returns:
        bytes: The original value converted to bytes (if unicode) or as
            passed in if it started out as bytes.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the value could not be converted to bytes.
    """
    result = value.encode(encoding) if isinstance(value, str) else value
    if isinstance(result, bytes):
        return result
    else:
        raise ValueError("{0!r} could not be converted to bytes".format(value))


def from_bytes(value):
    """Converts bytes to a string value, if necessary.

    Args:
        value (Union[str, bytes]): The value to be converted.

    Returns:
        str: The original value converted to unicode (if bytes) or as passed in
            if it started out as unicode.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the value could not be converted to unicode.
    """
    result = value.decode("utf-8") if isinstance(value, bytes) else value
    if isinstance(result, str):
        return result
    else:
        raise ValueError("{0!r} could not be converted to unicode".format(value))


def update_query(url, params, remove=None):
    """Updates a URL's query parameters.

    Replaces any current values if they are already present in the URL.

    Args:
        url (str): The URL to update.
        params (Mapping[str, str]): A mapping of query parameter
            keys to values.
        remove (Sequence[str]): Parameters to remove from the query string.

    Returns:
        str: The URL with updated query parameters.

    Examples:

        >>> url = 'http://example.com?a=1'
        >>> update_query(url, {'a': '2'})
        http://example.com?a=2
        >>> update_query(url, {'b': '3'})
        http://example.com?a=1&b=3
        >> update_query(url, {'b': '3'}, remove=['a'])
        http://example.com?b=3

    """
    if remove is None:
        remove = []

    # Split the URL into parts.
    parts = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
    # Parse the query string.
    query_params = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parts.query)
    # Update the query parameters with the new parameters.
    query_params.update(params)
    # Remove any values specified in remove.
    query_params = {
        key: value for key, value in query_params.items() if key not in remove
    }
    # Re-encoded the query string.
    new_query = urllib.parse.urlencode(query_params, doseq=True)
    # Unsplit the url.
    new_parts = parts._replace(query=new_query)
    return urllib.parse.urlunparse(new_parts)


def scopes_to_string(scopes):
    """Converts scope value to a string suitable for sending to OAuth 2.0
    authorization servers.

    Args:
        scopes (Sequence[str]): The sequence of scopes to convert.

    Returns:
        str: The scopes formatted as a single string.
    """
    return " ".join(scopes)


def string_to_scopes(scopes):
    """Converts stringifed scopes value to a list.

    Args:
        scopes (Union[Sequence, str]): The string of space-separated scopes
            to convert.
    Returns:
        Sequence(str): The separated scopes.
    """
    if not scopes:
        return []

    return scopes.split(" ")


def padded_urlsafe_b64decode(value):
    """Decodes base64 strings lacking padding characters.

    Google infrastructure tends to omit the base64 padding characters.

    Args:
        value (Union[str, bytes]): The encoded value.

    Returns:
        bytes: The decoded value
    """
    b64string = to_bytes(value)
    padded = b64string + b"=" * (-len(b64string) % 4)
    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(padded)


def unpadded_urlsafe_b64encode(value):
    """Encodes base64 strings removing any padding characters.

    `rfc 7515`_ defines Base64url to NOT include any padding
    characters, but the stdlib doesn't do that by default.

    _rfc7515: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7515#page-6

    Args:
        value (Union[str|bytes]): The bytes-like value to encode

    Returns:
        Union[str|bytes]: The encoded value
    """
    return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(value).rstrip(b"=")