Implement decorator to create read-only lazy attributes

[daniel-zullo-frequenz]

What's needed?

Replace the pattern in _data_pipeline to create objects only once and that lives forever by creating a decorator (or selecting an existent one) to lazily create attributes and cache them for the lifetime of the _data_pipeline.

Proposed solution

Assess the different suggestions in these comments

We tried @cached_property and @lazy, but @cached_property is really complex and uses a lock (although it is removed in Python 3.12) and both allow writing to the property, and we need them to be read-only.

Use cases

Simplify code and improve code readability when there are many lazy attributes like in _data_pipeline

Alternatives and workarounds

Write ad-hoc code to do the lazy initialization.

Additional context

Originally posted in #799 (comment)