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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<HTML>
<head>
<title>Chariots for Apollo, Appendix B</title>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
<h1>Appendix B<br>Astronaut Assignments</h1>
<p>
<a href = "#section1">1. Apollo Astronaut Assignments As Announced In 1966 And 1967</a><p>
<a href = "#section2">2. Apollo Astronaut Assignments As Flown</a><p>
<a href = "#section3">3. Astronaut Mission Assignments By Group</a><p>
<a href = "#section4">4. Capsule Communicator Assignments By Flight</a><p>
<p>
<h3><a name = "section1">1. Apollo Astronaut Assignments As Announced In 1966 And 1967</a></h3>
<h4>Announced 21 March 1966</h4>
<dl>
<dt>First manned flight - orbital
<dd>Prime crew: Virgil I. Grissom, Edward H. White II, and Roger B.
Chaffee<p>
Backup crew: James A. McDivitt, David R. Scott, and Russell
L. Schweickart</dl>
<h4>Announced 29 September 1966</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Second manned flight - orbital
<dd>Prime crew: Walter M. Schirra, Jr., Donn F. Eisele, and R. Walter
Cunningham<p>
Backup crew: Frank Borman, Thomas P. Stafford, and Michael Collins</dl>
<h4>Announced 22 December 1966</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Second manned flight - dual mission with Saturn IBs
<dd>Prime crew: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart<p>
Backup crew: Stafford, John W. Young, and Eugene A. Cernan
<dt>Third manned flight - first Saturn V flight
<dd>Prime crew: Borman, Collins, and William A. Anders<p>
Backup crew: Charles Conrad, Jr., Richard F. Gordon, Jr., and Clifton C.
Williams, Jr.</dl>
<h4>Announced 9 May 1967</h4>
<dl>
<dt>First manned flight - Uprated Saturn I
<dd>Prime crew: Schirra, Eisele, and Cunningham<p>
Backup crew: Stafford, Young, and Cernan</dl>
<h4>Announced 20 November 1967</h4>
<dl>
<dt>First manned flight - Uprated Saturn I
<dd>Prime crew: Schirra, Eisele, and Cunningham<p>
Backup crew: Stafford, Young, and Cernan<p>
Support crew: John L. Swigert, Jr., Ronald E. Evans, and William R.
Pogue
<dt>Second manned flight - Saturn V
<dd>Prime crew: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart<p>
Backup crew: Conrad, Gordon, and Alan L. Bean<p>
Support crew: Edgar D. Mitchell, Fred W. Haise, Jr., and Alfred M.
Worden
<dt>Third manned flight - Saturn V
<dd>Prime crew: Borman, Collins, and Anders<p>
Backup crew: Neil A. Armstrong, James A. Lovell, Jr., and Edwin E.
Aldrin, Jr.<p>
Support crew: Thomas K. Mattingly II, Gerald P. Carr, and John S.
Bull</dl>
<p>
<h3><a name = "section2">2. Apollo Astronaut Assignments As Flown</a></h3>
<p>
<dl>
<dt><i>Apollo 7</i> - Saturn IB, orbital flight
<dd>Prime crew: Schirra, Eisele, and Cunningham<p>
Backup crew: Stafford, Young, and Cernan<p>
Support crew: Swigert, Evans, and Pogue
<dt><i>Apollo 8</i> - Saturn V, circumlunar flight
<dd>Prime crew: Borman, Lovell (Collins off the crew for surgery), and
Anders<p>
Backup crew: Armstrong, Haise (replacing Lovell), and Aldrin<p>
Support crew: Mattingly, Carr, and Vance D. Brand (Bull had resigned
from the program for reasons of health)
<dt><i>Apollo 9</i> - Saturn V, orbital with LM
<dd>Prime crew: McDivitt, Scott, and Schweickart<p>
Backup crew: Conrad, Gordon, and Bean<p>
Support crew: Mitchell, Jack R. Lousma (replacing Haise), and Worden
<dt><i>Apollo 10</i> - Saturn V, circumlunar flight with LM
<dd>Prime crew: Stafford, Young, and Cernan<p>
Backup crew: L. Gordon Cooper, Jr., Eisele, and Mitchell<p>
Support crew: Joe H. Engle, James B. Irwin, and Charles M. Duke, Jr.
<dt><i>Apollo 11</i> - Saturn V, lunar landing
<dd>Prime crew: Armstrong, Collins, and Aldrin<p>
Backup crew: Lovell, Anders, and Haise<p>
Support crew: Mattingly, Evans, and Pogue</dl>
<p>
<h3><a name = "section3">3. Astronaut Mission Assignments By Group</a></h3>
<p>
<h4>Selected 9 April 1959</h4>
<dl>
<dt>M. Scott Carpenter:
<dd>Backup pilot on Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6); pilot on MA-7.
<dt>L. Gordon Cooper, Jr.:
<dd>Backup pilot on MA-8; pilot on MA-9; command pilot on <i>Gemini
V</i>; backup command pilot on <i>Gemini XII</i>; backup commander on
<i>Apollo 10</i>.
<dt>John H. Glenn, Jr.:
<dd>Backup pilot on Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3) and MR-4; pilot on MA-6.
<dt>Virgil I. Grissom:
<dd>Pilot on MR-4; command pilot on <i>Gemini 3</i>; backup command
pilot on <i>Gemini VI-A</i>; assigned as commander on Apollo 1, killed
in fire on pad.
<dt>Walter M. Schirra, Jr.:
<dd>Backup pilot on MA-7; pilot on MA-8; backup command pilot on
<i>Gemini 3</i>; command pilot on <i>Gemini VI-A</i>; commander on
<i>Apollo 7</i>.
<dt>Alan B. Shepard, Jr.:
<dd>Pilot on MR-3; backup pilot on MA-9; commander on <i>Apollo 14</i>.
<dt>Donald K. Slayton:
<dd>Assigned as pilot on MA-7 and then withdrawn because of heart
fibrillation; docking module pilot on <i>Apollo-Soyuz</i>.</dl>
<h4>Selected 17 September 1962</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Neil A. Armstrong:
<dd>Backup command pilot on <i>Gemini V</i>; command pilot on <i>Gemini
VIII</i>; backup command pilot on <i>Gemini XI</i>; backup commander on
<i>Apollo 8</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 11</i>.
<dt>Frank Borman:
<dd>Backup command pilot on <i>Gemini IV</i>; command pilot on <i>Gemini
VII</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 8</i>.
<dt>Charles Conrad, Jr.:
<dd>Pilot on <i>Gemini V</i>; backup command pilot on <i>Gemini
VIII</i>; command pilot on <i>Gemini XI</i>; backup commander on
<i>Apollo 9</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 12</i>; commander on <i>Skylab
2</i>.
<dt>James A. Lovell, Jr.:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini IV</i>; pilot on <i>Gemini VII</i>; backup
command pilot on <i>Gemini IX-A</i>; backup command pilot on <i>Gemini
X</i> (moved up to backup crew on <i>IX</i> after See and Bassett were
killed in aircraft accident); command pilot on <i>Gemini XII</i>; backup
command module pilot on <i>Apollo 8</i> (moved to prime crew when
Collins underwent surgery), backup commander on <i>Apollo 11</i>;
commander on <i>Apollo 13</i>.
<dt>James A. McDivitt:
<dd>Command pilot on <i>Gemini IV</i>; backup commander on <i>Apollo
1</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 9</i>.
<dt>Elliot M. See, Jr.:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini V</i>; assigned as command pilot on
<i>Gemini IX</i>, killed in aircraft accident.
<dt>Thomas P. Stafford:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini 3</i>; pilot on <i>Gemini VI-A</i>; backup
command pilot on <i>Gemini IX-A</i> (became prime crew command pilot
after See was killed in aircraft accident); backup commander on
<i>Apollo 7</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 10</i>; commander on
<i>Apollo-Soyuz</i>.
<dt>Edward H. White II:
<dd>Pilot on <i>Gemini IV</i>; backup command pilot on <i>Gemini
VII</i>; assigned as command module pilot on Apollo 1, killed in fire on
pad.
<dt>John W. Young:
<dd>Pilot on <i>Gemini 3</i>; backup pilot on <i>Gemini VI-A</i>;
command pilot on <i>Gemini X</i>; backup command module pilot on
<i>Apollo 7</i>; command module pilot on <i>Apollo 10</i>; backup
commander on <i>Apollo 13</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 16</i>; backup
commander on <i>Apollo 17</i> (replacing Scott, when Irwin
resigned).</dl>
<h4>Selected 18 October 1963</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr.:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini X</i> (moved to backup crew on <i>IX</i>
after See and Bassett were killed in aircraft accident); pilot on
<i>Gemini XII</i>; backup lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 8</i> (moved
to backup command module position when Lovell became member of prime
crew); lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 11</i>.
<dt>William A. Anders:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini XI</i>; lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo
8</i>; backup command module pilot on <i>Apollo 11</i>.
<dt>Charles A. Bassett II:
<dd>Assigned as pilot on <i>Gemini IX</i>, killed in aircraft accident.
<dt>Alan L. Bean:
<dd>Backup command pilot on <i>Gemini X</i> when Lovell moved to backup
crew on <i>IX</i> after the deaths of See and Bassett; backup command
module pilot on <i>Apollo 9</i>; lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 12</i>;
commander on <i>Skylab 3</i>; backup commander on <i>Apollo-Soyuz</i>.
<dt>Eugene A. Cernan:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini IX</i> (became prime pilot after Bassett
was killed in aircraft accident); backup lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo
7</i>; lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 10</i>; backup commander on
<i>Apollo 14</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 17</i>.
<dt>Roger B. Chaffee:
<dd>Assigned to Apollo 1, killed in fire on pad.
<dt>Michael Collins:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini VII</i>; pilot on <i>Gemini X</i>; command
module pilot on <i>Apollo 8</i> (withdrew from the crew to undergo
surgery); command module pilot on <i>Apollo 11</i>.
<dt>R. Walter Cunningham:
<dd>Lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 7</i>.
<dt>Donn F. Eisele:
<dd>Command module pilot on <i>Apollo 7</i>; backup command module pilot
on <i>Apollo 10</i>.
<dt>Richard F. Gordon, Jr.:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini VIII</i>; pilot on <i>Gemini XI</i>;
backup lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 9</i>; command module pilot on
<i>Apollo 12</i>; backup commander on <i>Apollo 15</i>.
<dt>Russell L. Schweickart:
<dd>Backup lunar module pilot on Apollo 1; lunar module pilot on
<i>Apollo 9</i>; backup commander on <i>Skylab 2</i>.
<dt>David R. Scott:
<dd>Pilot on <i>Gemini VIII</i>; backup command module pilot on
<i>Apollo 1</i>; command module pilot on <i>Apollo 9</i>; backup
commander on <i>Apollo 12</i>; commander on <i>Apollo 15</i>; backup
commander on <i>Apollo 17</i> (removed from flight status when Irwin
resigned).
<dt>Clifton C. Williams, Jr.:<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Gemini X</i>; killed
in aircraft accident.</dl>
<h4>Selected 27 June 1965</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Owen K. Garriott:
<dd>Science pilot on <i>Skylab 3</i>.
<dt>Edward G. Gibson:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 12</i>; science pilot on <i>Skylab 4</i>.
<dt>Joseph P. Kerwin:
<dd>Science pilot on <i>Skylab 2</i>.
<dt>Harrison H. Schmitt:
<dd>Backup lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 15</i>; lunar module pilot on
<i>Apollo 17</i>.</dl>
<h4>Selected 4 April 1966</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Vance D. Brand:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 8</i> (replaced Bull, who had resigned for
health reasons); support crew on <i>Apollo 13</i>; backup command module
pilot on <i>Apollo 15</i>; backup commander on <i>Skylab 3</i> and
<i>4</i>; command module pilot on <i>Apollo-Soyuz</i>.
<dt>John S. Bull:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 8</i> (resigned from the program for
health reasons).
<dt>Gerald P. Carr:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 8</i> and <i>12</i>; commander on
<i>Skylab 4</i>. Charles M. Duke, Jr.: Support crew on <i>Apollo 10</i>;
backup lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 13</i>; lunar module pilot on
<i>Apollo 16</i>; backup lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 17</i>
(replacing Irwin, who resigned).
<dt>Joe H. Engle:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 10</i>; backup lunar module pilot on
<i>Apollo 14</i>.
<dt>Ronald E. Evans:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 7</i> and <i>11</i>; backup command module
pilot on <i>Apollo 14</i>; command module pilot on <i>Apollo 17</i>;
backup docking module pilot on <i>Apollo-Soyuz</i>.
<dt>Fred W. Haise, Jr.:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 9</i> (moved to backup lunar module pilot
on <i>8</i> when Lovell replaced Collins on prime crew); backup lunar
module pilot on <i>Apollo 11</i>; lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo
13</i>; backup commander on <i>Apollo 16</i>.
<dt>James B. Irwin:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 10</i>; backup lunar module pilot on
<i>Apollo 12</i>; lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 15</i>; backup lunar
module pilot on <i>Apollo 17</i> (resigned from program and replaced by
Duke).
<dt>Don L. Lind:
<dd>Backup pilot on <i>Skylab 3</i> and <i>4</i>.
<dt>Jack R. Lousma:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 9</i> and <i>13</i>; pilot on <i>Skylab
3</i>.
<dt>Thomas K. Mattingly II:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 8</i> and <i>11</i>; command module pilot
on <i>Apollo 13</i> (replaced by Swigert after being exposed to a
communicable disease); command module pilot on <i>Apollo 16</i>.
<dt>Bruce McCandless II:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 14</i>; backup pilot on <i>Skylab 2</i>.
<dt>Edgar D. Mitchell:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 9</i>; backup lunar module pilot on
<i>Apollo 10</i>; lunar module pilot on <i>Apollo 14</i>; backup lunar
module pilot on <i>Apollo 16</i>.
<dt>William R. Pogue:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 7</i>, <i>13</i>, and <i>14</i>; pilot on
<i>Skylab 4</i>.
<dt>Stuart A. Roosa:
<dd>Command module pilot on <i>Apollo 14</i>; backup command module
pilot on <i>Apollo 16</i> and <i>17</i> (replaced Worden when Irwin
resigned).
<dt>John L. Swigert:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 7</i>; backup command module pilot on
<i>Apollo 13</i> (replaced Mattingly on prime crew when the latter was
exposed to a communicable disease).
<dt>Paul J. Weitz:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 12</i>; pilot on <i>Skylab 2</i>.
<dt>Alfred M. Worden:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 9</i>; backup command module pilot on
<i>Apollo 12</i>; command module pilot on <i> Apollo 15</i>; backup
command module pilot on <i>Apollo 17</i> (removed from flight status
when Irwin resigned).</dl>
<h4>Selected 4 August 1967</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Joseph P. Allen IV:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 15</i>.
<dt>Philip K. Chapman:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 14</i> and <i>16</i>.
<dt>Anthony W. England:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 16</i>.
<dt>Karl G. Henize:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 16</i>.
<dt>William B. Lenoir:
<dd>Backup science pilot on <i>Skylab 3</i> and <i>4</i>.
<dt>F. Story Musgrave:
<dd>Backup science pilot on <i>Skylab 2</i>.
<dt>Robert A. R. Parker:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 15</i> and <i>17</i>.</dl>
<h4>Transferred from USAF MOL program 13 August 1969</h4>
<dl>
<dt>Charles G. Fullerton:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 14</i> and <i>17</i>.
<dt>Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr.:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 16</i>.
<dt>Robert F. Overmyer:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 16</i>.
<dt>Donald H. Peterson:
<dd>Support crew on <i>Apollo 16</i>.</dl>
<p>
<h3><a name = "section4">4. Capsule Communicator Assignments By Flight</a></h3>
<p>
<h4>MERCURY</h4>
<dl>
<dt>MR-3:
<dd>Control Center - Slayton.
<dt>MR-4:
<dd>Control Center - Shepard.
<dt>MA-6:
<dd>Control Center - Shepard;<p>
Bermuda - Grissom;<p>
California - Schirra;<p>
Muchea - Cooper.
<dt>MA-7:
<dd>Control Center - Grissom;<p>
California - Shepard;<p>
Muchea - Slayton;<p>
Guaymas - Cooper.
<dt>MA-8:
<dd>Control Center - Slayton;<p>
Hawaii - Grissom;<p>
California - Glenn;<p>
<i>
Coastal Sentry</i> Quebec - Shepard;<p>
Guaymas - Carpenter.
<dt>MA-9:
<dd>Control Center - Schirra;<p>
Guaymas - Grissom;<p>
<i>
Coastal Sentry</i> Quebec - Glenn;<p>
Hawaii - Carpenter.</dl>
<h4>GEMINI</h4>
<dl>
<dt><i>Gemini 3:</i>
<dd>Cape - Cooper.<p>
Houston - Chaffee (monitor).
<dt><i>Gemini IV:</i>
<dd>Cape - Williams.<p>
Houston - Grissom.
<dt><i>Gemini V:</i>
<dd>Cape - Grissom.<p>
Houston - McDivitt, Aldrin, Armstrong.
<dt><i>Gemini VII/ VI-A:</i>
<dd>Cape - Bean.<p>
Houston - See, Cernan, Bassett.
<dt><i>Gemini VIII:</i>
<dd>Cape - Cunningham.<p>
Houston - Lovell.
<dt><i>Gemini IX:</i>
<dd>Cape - Aldrin.<p>
Houston - Armstrong, Lovell, Gordon, Aldrin.
<dt><i>Gemini X:</i>
<dd>Cape - Cooper.<p>
Houston - Cooper, Aldrin.
<dt><i>Gemini XI:</i>
<dd>Cape - Williams.<p>
Houston - Young, Bean.
<dt><i>Gemini XII:</i>
<dd>Cape - Roosa.<p>
Houston - Conrad, Anders.</dl>
<h4>APOLLO</h4>
<dl>
<dt><i>Apollo 7:</i>
<dd>Stafford, Evans, Pogue, Swigert, Young, Cernan.
<dt><i>Apollo 8:</i>
<dd>Collins, Mattingly, Carr, Armstrong, Aldrin, Brand, Haise.
<dt><i>Apollo 9:</i>
<dd>Roosa, Evans, Worden, Conrad, Gordon, Bean.
<dt><i>Apollo 10:</i>
<dd>Duke, Engle, Lousma, McCandless.
<dt><i>Apollo 11:</i>
<dd>Duke, Evans, McCandless, Lovell, Anders, Mattingly, Haise, Lind,
Garriott, Schmitt.
<dt><i>Apollo 12:</i>
<dd>Carr, Gibson, Weitz, Lind, Scott, Worden, Irwin.
<dt><i>Apollo 13:</i>
<dd>Kerwin, Brand, Lousma, Young, Mattingly.
<dt><i>Apollo 14:</i>
<dd>Fullerton, McCandless, Haise, Evans.
<dt><i>Apollo 15:</i>
<dd>Allen, Fullerton, Henize, Mitchell, Parker, Schmitt, Shepard,
Gordon, Brand.
<dt><i>Apollo 16:</i>
<dd>Peterson, Fullerton, Irwin, Haise, Roosa, Mitchell, Hartsfield,
England, Overmyer.
<dt><i>Apollo 17:</i>
<dd>Fullerton, Overmyer, Parker, Allen, Shepard, Duke, Mattingly, Roosa,
Young.</dl>
<h4>SKYLAB</h4>
<dl>
<dt><i>Skylab 2:</i>
<dd>Truly, Crippen, Thornton, Hartsfield, Henize, Parker.
<dt><i>Skylab 3:</i>
<dd>Truly, Crippen, Thornton, Hartsfield, Henize, McCandless, Musgrave,
Parker.
<dt><i>Skylab 4:</i>
<dd>Truly, Crippen, Hartsfield, McCandless, Musgrave, Thornton, Henize,
Lenoir, Parker, Schweickart.</dl>
<h4>ASTP</h4>
<dl>
<dt><i>Apollo-Soyuz:</i>
<dd>Bobko, Crippen, Truly, Overmyer (in Moscow).</dl>
<p>
Note: During Mercury, the astronauts manned the remote stations; in
Gemini, flight control specialists had these assignments and the
astronauts manned consoles at Launch Control at the Cape and at Mission
Control in Houston. For Apollo, Houston assumed control when the launch
vehicle cleared the tower. The launch flight director handled
communications up to that point, then the astronaut capsule
communicators in Houston took over. The last plan was also followed for
Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.
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