Review exception handling across project

[jrriehl]

We need better exception handling, particularly when errors occur inside message and interval handlers. These should generally not cause the agent to fail.

[Archento]

I would like to bump this issue since I'm continuously running into problems where agents just starting to act weirdly after being unable to send messages to other agents.
The terminal is also being spammed with error messages and this is even more pressing when scaling the agent communication / using the search&discovery mechanisms and a large portion of agents that support a specific protocol are simply not reachable.