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<!doctype html>
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<title>Text Reuse Detection in Spanish Drama</title>
<meta name="description" content="Text Reuse, Spanish Drama, Tracer">
<meta name="author" content="José Luis Losada Palenzuela">
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<h2>Quantitative Text Reuse Detection in 17th C. Spanish Drama</h2> <br>
<h5 style="font-size:1.5em">
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<h4 style="color: grey">DH Lunch Kraków, 25.11.2022</h5>
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<section data-markdown>
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- About the project
- Text reuse
- Projects & Methods
- Corpus
- Features
- Output
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<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## About the project
- Text Reuse Detection in 17th C. Spanish Drama
- Textual Criticism
- Prospecting project (Proof of Concept)
- University of Wrocław. IDUB program
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Text reuse
<br>
#### Classifications in Theater Studies
- recasting, reworking, adaptation, reuse <span class="fuente">(Ruano 1998)</span>
- inter- and intratextuality, self-plagiarism, recycling <span class="fuente">(Sánchez 2014; Sáez 2013)</span>
- version <span class="fuente">(Pinillos 2002)</span>
- transmodalization <span class="fuente">(García Barrientos, 2007)</span>
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### Operationalization
<div class="cita" style="font-size: 80%"> "[M]ost literary concepts are emphatically not designed to be quantified" <span class="fuente">(Moretti 2013: 114)</span></div>
### _reutilización_ vs. reuse
<div class="cita" style="font-size: 80%">[T]he «reutilización» consists of the <span class="resaltado">use of a scene or textual passage in different plays </span> [...], but we could also include in this category songs, verses and other types of literary texts incorporated into a comedy for other purposes than the ones they originally had." <span class="fuente">(Ruano 1998: 36)</span></div>
<br>
<div class="cita" style="font-size: 80%">“Text re-use concerns the recycling of complex textual information which contains a <span class="resaltado">statistically significant number of words in common</span> between a source document and a target document” <span class="fuente">(Büchler et <i>alii</i> 2014: 225)</span></div>
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### Information retrieval systems
<!-- - _Topic modeling_, _TF-IDF_, _Word Embeddings_ -->
- Elimination of redundancy
- Research (plagiarism, citation)
- Journalism (republication)
- Politics (repurposing)
- Literature, History (reuse, allusion, paraphrase)
</textarea>
</section>
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## Projects & Methods
- Viral Texts Project, Cordell and Smith (2022), **passim**
- Impresso, **passim**
- English Poetry (Shang and Underwood, 2021), **TF-IDF**
- Political controversy (Cafiero and Camps: 2022), **Textreuse R**
- Biblical Parallel Passages (Büchler, et al., 2014; Franzini et al. 2018), **Tracer**
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Corpus
- 600+ plays ~ 30 authors
- 1st preprocessing: plain text, no didaskalia
<br>
#### Subcorpus
- Lope, Tirso, Calderón and Moreto + collaborative plays (Moreto)
- 509 plays; 4 authors (+)
<br>
</textarea>
</section>
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<br>
<div class="cita" style="font-size: 120%">“Il soggetto dei componimenti drammatici scritti de consuno <span class="resaltado">non è mai originale</span>” <span class="fuente">(Alviti 2006:17)</span></div>
</textarea>
</section>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<img style="width: 80%; box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" src="imagenes/reuse_tf-idf.png"/>
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template >
### TRACER <span class="fuente">(Büchler _et alii_ 2014)</span>
#### Processing steps
- Corpus in a specific tabular format (1st tokenization)
- 2nd tokenization (n-grams)
- Parameter Selection (->)
- Data Processing (alignment)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 53%">
<textarea data-template >
## Data input for TRACER
</br>
| |id |text_verse |date|play|
|--- |--- |---|---|---|
| 1|<span style="color: orange">01</span>0000<span style="color: blue">1</span>| <span style="color: green">hipogrifo violento</span> |null|calderon_LaVidaEsSueno_C6011_CANON|
| 2|0100002|que corriste parejas con el viento|null|calderon_LaVidaEsSueno_C6011_CANON|
| 3|0100003|¿dónde rayo sin llama|null|calderon_LaVidaEsSueno_C6011_CANON|
| 4|0100004|pájaro sin matiz, pez sin escama|null|calderon_LaVidaEsSueno_C6011_CANON|
|... |||||
|1781632|<span style="color: orange">642</span>0<span style="color: blue">2910</span>|Señores míos, Fenisa,|null|zayas_LaTraicionEnLaAmistad_C6060_CANON|
|1781633|64202911|cual ven, sin amantes queda.|null|zayas_LaTraicionEnLaAmistad_C6060_CANON|
|1781634|64202912|Si alguno la quiere, avise|null|zayas_LaTraicionEnLaAmistad_C6060_CANON|
|<span style="color: tomato" class="resaltado">1781635</span>|64202913|para que su casa sepa.|null|zayas_LaTraicionEnLaAmistad_C6060_CANON|
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### Parameter selection
<i>Brute Force vs. Feature-Based Linking</i>
Reuse unit: verses
- <i>Featuring</i>: words, n-gram (bigrams, trigrams) (2nd tokenization)
- <i>Selection</i>: function words, low frequency
- <i>Linking</i>: intern, extern
- <i>Scoring</i>: [■■■■■■■□□□] ~ [■□■■■■■□□■] : 70% = _reuse_
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<br>
Calderón ⇔ Tirso
_Los cabellos de Absalón_ ⇔ _La venganza de Tamar_
- share a whole act <span class="fuente">(Sloman 1958: 95)</span>
- no diacritics, no function words, bigrams, _scoring_ = 0.5
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 60%">
<textarea data-template>
<img style="width: 19%; box-shadow: none; float: left;" src="imagenes/reuse_CalderonTirso.png"/>
<br><br>
### Table of reuses (_output_)
| score | text.x | text.y |
| :----- | :----- | :----- |
| 0.5 | brutos peces aves ~~plantas~~ | brutos peces aves ~~fieras~~ |
| 0.5 | ~~pechos~~ frente cejas ojos | ~~pecho~~ frente cejas ojos |
| 0.6666 | gran senor entiende | ~~principes~~ gran senor entiende |
| 0.6666 | senor venis buenos | ~~hijos~~ senor venis buenos |
| 0.75 | ~~cuan~~ bien dice valor hermosura | bien dice valor hermosura |
| 1 | hara sangre fuego | hara sangre fuego |
| 1 | vete aqui salte | vete aqui salte |
| 1 | veneno taza dorada | veneno taza dorada |
| 1 | arpia rostro agrada | arpia rostro agrada |
|... | | |
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
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Calderón ⇔ Calderón
_El príncipe constante_ ⇔ _Amor, honor y poder_
- share a stanza: "Lisonjera, libre, ingrata / […] / ingrata porque corría" <span class="fuente">(Vila 2017: 736-737)</span>
- no diacritics, with function words, bigrams, _scoring_ = 0.5
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 60%">
<textarea data-template>
<img style="width: 17%; box-shadow: none; float: left;" src="imagenes/reuse_CalderonDecima.png"/>
<br><br>
### Table of reuses (_output_)
| score | text.x | text.y |
| :----- | :----- | :----- |
| 1 | lisonjera libre ingrata | lisonjera libre ingrata |
| 1 | de cristal y undosa plata | de cristal y undosa plata |
| 1 | porque hablaba y no sentia | porque hablaba y no sentia |
| 1 | suave porque fingia | suave porque fingia |
| 1 | libre porque murmuraba | libre porque murmuraba |
| 1 | dulce porque lisonjeaba | dulce porque lisonjeaba |
| 0.6666 | ingrata porque corria | ~~y~~ ingrata porque corria |
| 0.5 | ~~como esta~~ el rey mi senor | el rey mi senor ~~baste~~ |
|... | | |
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-background-image="imagenes/cola_grafo1.png" data-background-size="1000px">
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<h3 style="color: gray">Reuse graph of subset (edges = total score)</h3>
<h4 style="color: gray"> no diacritics, with function words, bigrams, scoring = 0.6 </h4>
</section>
<section data-background-image="imagenes/cola_grafo2.png" data-background-size="800px">
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<h3 style="color: gray">Score: 0.6 <b>- 25 - 1080</b></h3>
</section>
<section data-background-iframe="reuse_subset/index.html" data-background-interactive>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<img style="width: 100%; box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" src="imagenes/moreto_colab_intern.png"/>
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<section>
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### Discussion
- Collaborative plays present a higher level of re-use ...
- but ¿false positives?
- How to present/analize results?
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 55%">
<textarea data-template>
### Text reuses (without duplicates), score = 1 (_top_ 15)
|text.x |text.y | n|
|:----------------------------|:----------------------------|----:|
|que es esto |que es esto | 2577|
|ay de mi |ay de mi | 1631|
|ay infelice de mi |ay infelice de mi | 927|
|arma arma guerra guerra |arma arma guerra guerra | 717|
|valgame el cielo que es esto |valgame el cielo que es esto | 593|
|deme los pies vuestra alteza |deme los pies vuestra alteza | 520|
|eso como puede ser |eso como puede ser | 320|
|deme vuestra majestad |deme vuestra majestad | 317|
|valgame el cielo que escucho |valgame el cielo que escucho | 295|
|la naturaleza humana |la naturaleza humana | 286|
|vuestra majestad senor |vuestra majestad senor | 284|
|no me puedo detener |no me puedo detener | 276|
|la misma naturaleza |la misma naturaleza | 275|
|venid mortales venid |venid mortales venid | 251|
|por muchos anos y buenos |por muchos anos y buenos | 249|
|valgame el cielo |valgame el cielo | 249|
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 55%">
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### Total reuses in 504 plays: 237346
|n| score|text.x |text.y |
|:------|--:|:---------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------|
|1 | 1|que soy nino y solo y nunca en tal me vi |que soy nino y solo y nunca en tal me vi |
|2 | 1|pues si un dia es el siglo de las flores |pues si un dia es el siglo de las flores |
|3 | 1|senal que es noble el alma que esta en ella |senal que es noble el alma que esta en ella |
|4 | 1|mas para que lo que es tan cierto he puesto |mas para que lo que es tan cierto he puesto |
|5 | 1|que es muerto el rey entre el confuso y vario |que es muerto el rey entre el confuso y vario |
|... | | ||
|37 346 | 1|que es esto cielos que es esto |que es esto cielos que es esto |
|37 347 | 1|que es esto cielos que es esto |que es esto cielos que es esto |
|37 348 | 1|todos los cuatro elementos |todos los cuatro elementos |
|... | | ||
|237 344 | 0.6|en la frente de un ~~traidor~~ |en la frente de un ~~aspid~~ |
|237 345 | 0.6|en las aras de su ~~templo~~ |en las aras de su ~~altar~~ |
|<span class="resaltado">**237 346**</span> | 0.6|que es esto cielos que escucho |que es esto cielos que es esto |
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### Next steps
- Exhaustive parameter validation
- Other libraries (passim, textreuse R)
- Other computational approaches:
- Paraphrase extraction: WordNet
- Comparison using PoS
- Authorship Attribution and text reuse
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<div><a href="http://www.ifr.uni.wroc.pl/pl/nasz-instytut/pracownicy/dr-jose-luis-losada-palenzuela">José
Luis Losada Palenzuela</a>, "Quantitative Text Reuse Detection in 17th C. Spanish Drama", <a
href="http://editio.github.io/presentations/textreuse_en.html"><http://editio.github.io/presentations/textreuse_en></a>,
2022</div>
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<p>José Luis Losada Palenzuela · 2022</p>
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