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materials_intro.html
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Digital Scholarly Editions with TEI</title>
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Introduction to digital editions. Annotating texts with XML-TEI">
<meta name="DC.Description" content="General Introduction to Digital Scholarly Editions and XML markup">
<meta name="DC.Creator" content="José Luis Losada" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2023-11-01" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)" />
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<section>
<h2>Introduction to digital editions. Annotating texts with XML-TEI</h2> <br>
<h4>José Luis Losada Palenzuela</h4>
<br>
<h4 style="color: grey">Universität Basel (<a href="https://rise.unibas.ch/de/">RISE</a>)</h5>
</section>
<!--FIN PORTADA-->
<!-- INDEX -->
<!------------------------ INTRO ------------------------------>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### Principles, Models, Examples
</textarea>
</section>
<section id="hamlet_facs">
<img style="width: 70%;" src="imagenes/interreg_hamlet.png"/>
<p><span style="width: 60%;" class="fuente"> Image from The Bodleian First Folio: Bodleian Arch. G c.7. URL: <a href="http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/">http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk</a></span></p>
</section>
<section id="hamlet_folger">
<img style="width: 99%; box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" src="imagenes/hamlet_folger.png"/>
</section>
<section id="hamlet_net">
<img style="width: 99%; box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" src="imagenes/interreg_dracor_hamlet.png"/>
</section>
<section id="hamlet_xml">
<img style="width: 99%; box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" src="imagenes/interreg_hamlet_xml.png"/>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Digital Edition of Texts
<br>
- General <span class="circle-sketch-highlight">Textual</span> Discipline: **Philology**
- Subdiscipline: **Textual Criticism**
- New subdiscipline: **(Scholarly) Digital Editing**
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Philology
- Philology as a discipline was born to ensure the correct transmission of written texts, to preserve, correct or improve them.
- Greek _phílos_ (friend) and _lógos_ (word): it means affection and love of words. The role of the philologist is to verify that the transmission of the text is correct.
- Philology can be defined in origin as the <span class="resaltado
">science of text authentication</span>.
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Textual Criticism
- Different methods of practising this authentication of the text.
- Lachmann’s method, _Bon manuscrit_, Copy-text theory, genetics, Documentary methods,...
- Different traditions: _Edición crítica_, _naukowa edycja krytyczna_, Scholarly Edition, Critical edition, _Historisch-kritische Ausgabe_, ...
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Lachmann’s method</h3>
<h5>(German tradition)</h5>
<div class="imagen-texto">
<img src="imagenes/editio-Priego-1997-65.png"/>
<div class="caption">example of <i>stemma</i> (Pérez 1997: 97)</div>
</div>
<ul style="width: 60%; float: right;" >
<li>reconstructing the (original) text based on different witnesses</li> <!--(surviving sources)-->
<li>witnesses are grouped hierarchically in order to compile a genealogical tree (stemma)</li>
<li>genealogical tree is based on typology of errors</li>
<li>Dogmatism</li>
</br>
<div class="fuente">
<a href="https://wiki.helsinki.fi/display/stemmatology/Stemmatology">Parvum lexicon stemmatologicum</a>
</div>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3><i>Bon manuscrit</i></h3>
<h5>(French tradition)</h5>
</br>
<ul>
<li> Joseph Bédier's scepticism on stemmatics;</li>
<li> Edition based on the earliest or best preserved manuscript (codex optimus);</li>
<li> Historical & cultural analysis of the text tradition.</li>
</ul>
<div class="fuente">
<a href="https://wiki.helsinki.fi/display/stemmatology/Stemmatology">Parvum lexicon stemmatologicum</a>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Copy-text theory</h3>
<h5>(Anglo-American tradition)</h5>
</br>
<ul>
<li> Printed edition closest to the author’s intention;</li>
<li> Autograph manuscript and printed edition (combined).</li>
</ul>
<div class="fuente">
<a href="https://wiki.helsinki.fi/display/stemmatology/Stemmatology">Parvum lexicon stemmatologicum</a>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Methods related to type of documents</h3>
</br>
<ul>
<li> stemmatics: medieval and classical texts preserved in manuscripts;</li>
<li> copy-text: modern print materials;</li>
<li> genetics: authorial drafts and contemporary authors (edition ≃ genetic dossier</a>).</li>
</ul>
<div class="fuente"> Pierazzo 2015: 17 and <a href="https://lexiconse.uantwerpen.be">Lexicon of Scholarly Editing</a>
</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Scholarly Edition
- The basic task is to present a <span class="resaltado">reliable text</span>
### It usually contains:
- A **general introduction**, either historical or interpretive.
- **Statements** concerning the history and composition of the text.
- **Textual apparatus** or notes documenting possible <a href="http://phc.uni.wroc.pl/interreg/w/losada/intro.html#textual-criticism" target="_blank">witnesses</a>, alterations and variant readings.
</textarea>
</section>
<section >
<h2>Digital Editing</h2>
<h3>A digital edition follows the requirements of a scholarly edition in consideration of the digital paradigm</h3>
<p class="cita" style="font-size: 60% ;line-height: 1em;"> "Eine digitale Edition ist dadurch bestimmt, dass sie die allgemeinen
Anforderungen an eine wissenschaftliche Edition durch die Berücksichtigung
der gegenwärtigen technischen Möglichkeiten und ihrer methodischen
Implikationen erfüllt. Sie folgt einem «digitalen Paradigma»"</p>
<div class="fuente"> (Sahle 2016/2: 148)</div>
</section>
<section >
<h3>Digital scholarly editions are not just scholarly editions in digital media:</h3>
<br>
<h3><b>digital</b> <span style="color: red;">≠</span> <b>digitized</b></h3>
<br>
<p class="cita" style="font-size: 60% ;line-height: 1em;">"Wiedergabe ohne Erschließung ist keine Edition. Eine bloße Reproduktion, ein einfaches Faksimile, eine digitale Bibliothek ist keine Edition"</p>
<p class="cita" style="font-size: 60%; line-height: 1em;">"Deshalb kann eine digitale Edition nicht einfach die digitale Fassung einer auch im Druck realisierbaren Edition sein – zu ihrem Wesen gehört, dass sie über die Beschränkungen der typografischen Edition hinweggeht"</p>
<div class="fuente"> (Sahle 2016/2: 141-142; 149)</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Editorial criteria
- Philological scope: Scholarly edition, documentary edition,...
- Common standards: XML-TEI **`<TEI>`**
- Text as data: Documented data model (schema).
- Interface, metadata, indices, license...
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## General criteria
- Longevity (digital preservation): infrastructure, open standards.
- Facilitating data sampling, reuse, and remix (F.A.I.R.)
- Transparency with respect to data, methods.
- Usability of the edition within the digital paradigm.
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### Text as data. F.A.I.R. principles
<img style="width: 99%; box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" src="imagenes/interreg_fair.jpg"/>
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Catalogue of Digital Editions (1)
<a style="box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" href="https://dig-ed-cat.acdh.oeaw.ac.at" target="_blank"><img style="width: 80%" src="http://phc.uni.wroc.pl/interreg/w/losada/images/catalog_schopenhauer.gif"/></a>
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Catalogue of Digital Editions (2)
<a style="box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" href="https://www.digitale-edition.de/exist/apps/editions-browser/index.html" target="_blank">☞ Patrick Sahle's Catalog of Digital Scholarly Editions</a>
<a style="box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" href="http://phc.uni.wroc.pl/interreg/w/losada/cases.html#drama-editions" target="_blank"> ☞ show case</a>
</textarea>
</section>
<section id="model" >
<h3>Reference model for digital editing</h3>
<div class="imagen-sola">
<img style="box-shadow: none; border: none" src="http://editio.github.io/manual/imagen/marginalia-bigpicture_0.png"/>
<div class="caption">"The Role of Markup in the Digital Humanities", Desmond Schmidt, Queensland University of Technology, 2012</div>
</div>
</section> <!-- Big picture Schmidt-->
<section>
<h3>Document <span style="font-size: 1.5 ; color: red;">⤑</span> Digital Edition</h3>
<div class="imagen-sola">
<img style="box-shadow: none; border: none" src="http://editio.github.io/slides/imagenes/editio-reference-model-DSH.png"/>
<div class="caption"> Christof Schöch: Digitale Textedition mit TEI. <a class="fuente" href="https://de.dariah.eu/tei-tutorial">DARIAH TEI-Tutorial</a>
</div>
</div>
</section> <!-- Reference Model Schöch -->
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Workflow
- **Analysis**: document properties.
- **Modelling**: formal model of the document.
- **Transcription**: the text in a linear form.
- <span class="circle-sketch-highlight">**Encoding**</span>: transcript improvement.
- **Visualization**: represent for a reader.
- **Publication**: available for the public.
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Analysis</h2>
<ul>
<li> to set document properties
</li>
<li> implicit → explicit</li>
</br>
<h3>Outcome: a representation...</h3>
<li>structured (but not standardized)</li>
<li>(possibly) digital (but not machine-readable)</li>
<li>abstract und simplified</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div class="imagen-sola"> <img src="imagenes/OM-Amberes-1669.png" alt="bloques" />
<div class="caption">B. Gracián,<i> Obras Completas</i>, Amberes, 1669. <a class="fuente" href="http://www.bu.uni.wroc.pl/">BUWr</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div class="imagen-sola">
<img src="imagenes/editio-OM-structure.png" alt="structure" />
<div class="caption">A structured representation of a document (Gracian's <i>Oraculo manual y arte de prudencia)</i></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Modelling</h2>
<ul>
<li> to set a formal model of the document.</li>
<h3>Technologies:</h3>
<li>Standard: XML-Schema.</li>
<li>Tool: Roma (webservice).</li>
<h3>Outcome: a representation...</h3>
<li>structured and standardized.</li>
<li>digital and machine-readable.</li>
<li>without content (yet).</li>
<li>useful for guiding encoding and visualization.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Schema RNG (snippets)</h3>
<img style="width: 99%; box-shadow: none; border-bottom: none" src="imagenes/rng_snippets.png"/>
</section> <!--Schema RNG (snippets)-->
<section>
<h2>(manual) Transcription</h2>
<ul>
<li>to set the text in a linear form.</li>
<h3>Technologies:</h3>
<li>Format: .txt, .doc, .odt, ...</li>
<li>Tool: text editor...</li>
<h3>Outcome: a text representation...</h3>
<li>digital and machine-readable.</li>
<li>limited complexity and precision.</li>
<li>less structured.</li>
<li>not standardized.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>(automatic) Transcription</h2>
<ul>
<li>to set the text in a linear form.</li>
<h3>Technologies:</h3>
<li>OCR, HCR</li>
<li>Tool: Transkribus,Tesseract,...</li>
<h3>Outcome: a text representation...</h3>
<li>digital and machine-readable.</li>
<li>some complexity and precision.</li>
<li>structured / not structured.</li>
<li>standardized / not standardized</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Encoding</h2>
<ul>
<li>to improve the transcript</li>
<h3>Technologies:</h3>
<li>Standards: XML-TEI </li>
<li>Tool: XML-Editor (oXygen, ...)</li>
<h3>Outcome: a text representation...</h3>
<li>digital and machine-readable (not so human-readable).</li>
<li>structured and standardized</li>
<li><span class="resaltado">the core of a digital edition</span></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Visualization</h2>
<ul>
<li>to represent for a reader</li>
<h3>Technologies:</h3>
<li>Standards: CSS, XSLT, X-Path, XML-FO</li>
<li>Formats: HTML, PDF, ePub</li>
<h3>Outcome: different visualizations...</h3>
<li>out of a TEI source file</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Publication</h2>
<ul>
<li>to be available for the public</li>
<li>to set the text in the editorial context</li>
<li>to interact with the edition</li>
</br>
<h3>Technologies</h3>
<li>Databases: eXist (XML)</li>
<li>EVT Viewer, Omeka, TEI-Publisher..</li>
<li>Tailor-made projects</li> </ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3> Summary </h3>
<div class="imagen-sola"> <img src="imagenes/editio-summary.png" alt="Summary" />
</div>
</section>
<section id="biblio">
<h3>References</h3>
<ul style="font-size: 0.7em;">
<li> Burnard, Lou (2014): What is the Text Encoding Initiative?: How to add intelligent markup to digital resources, Marseille, OpenEdition Press, <a href="https://doi.org/10.4000/books.oep.426">https://doi.org/10.4000/books.oep.426</a>.
</li>
<li> Elena Pierazzo (2015), <i>Digital Scholarly Editing: Theories, Models and Methods</i>, Ashgate Publishing</li>
<li> Patrick Sahle (2013), <i>Digitale Editionsformen, Zum Umgang mit der Überlieferung unter den Bedingungen des Medienwandels</i></a>, 3 Bände, Norderstedt: Books on Demand. </li>
<li> Christof Schöch (2014), <i>Digitale Textedition mit TEI</i>, <a href="https://de.dariah.eu/tei-tutorial">DARIAH TEI-Tutorial</a>.</li>
</ul>
</section>
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