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<!doctype html>
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<title>Multilingual Networks</title>
<meta name="description" content="Multilingual Discourse in Narrative Fiction Analyzed with Character Networks">
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<h2>Multilingual Discourse in Narrative Fiction Analyzed with Character Networks</h2>
<h5>
<i class="fas fa-draw-polygon" style="font-size:1.5em; color:orange"></i>
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<h5><a href="http://editio.github.io/presentations/glottanetwork.html"><http://editio.github.io/presentations/glottanetwork></a></h5>
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<section id="indice"> <!--INDICE--> <!--ID de las secciones para hacer enlaces-->
<h3>Content</h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li><a href="#intro">Multilingualism in literature (intro)</a><span class="weiter"> (3-5)</span></li>
<li><a href="#classification"><i>Glottaliteratur</i> (classification)</a><span class="weiter"> (6-8)</span></li>
<li><a href="#method">Network formalization (method) </a><span class="weiter"> (9-12)</span></li>
<li> Signal of multilingual discourse and</li>
<li style="list-style-type: none"><a href="#output"> protagonists as poliglots (output) </a><span class="weiter"> (13-16)</span> </li>
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<h3>Multilingualism in literature</h3>
<ul>
<li>Explicit or implicit reference to a foreign language.</li>
<li>Not exclusive of contemporary / postcolonial literature.</li>
<li>Greek novel: Heliodorus, <i>Aethiopica</i>. </li>
<li style="list-style-type: none;">Spanish Baroque novel: Cervantes, <i>Persiles</i>; Enríquez, <i>Semprilis</i>; Suárez, <i>Eustorgio</i>.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div class="cita">
<p>Tíamis avanzó [...] y, después de ordenar a Cnemón que tradujera sus palabras a los extranjeros (éste ya comprendía la <span class="resaltado">lengua egipcia</span>, pero Tíamis aún no dominaba a la perfección el <span class="resaltado">griego</span>), tomó la palabra y dijo: —«Camaradas de armas, conocéis de siempre mis sentimientos hacia vosotros...» </p>
</div>
<div class="fuente">Heliodoro, <i>Las Etiópicas</i> (19.3-4)</div>
</section>
<section >
<div class="cita"><p>llegó a la orilla del mar un bárbaro gallardo, que a grandes voces, en <span class="resaltado">lengua toscana</span>, dijo: — «Si por ventura sois cristianos los que vais en esas barcas...»</p>
</div>
<div class="fuente">Cervantes, <i>Persiles</i> (1617: I)</div>
<div class="cita">
<p>Pigmerio en <span class="resaltado">lengua polaca</span> dijo a Eustorgio: — «este, señor, es el padre de aquel moço que murió y enterramos en la cueva, que en el pecho le hallé yo una carta para él.»</p>
</div>
<div class="fuente">Suárez, <i>Eustorgio</i> (1629: VIII)</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="classification">
<section> <h3><i>Glottaliteratur</i></h3>
<ol style="font-size: 0.7em">
<li><b>glotta-mimesis</b>: reproduces languages on the <i>discours</i> level.</li>
<ul>
<li>glotta-mimesis iconic: <i>discours</i> and <i>historie</i> are concordant.</li>
<li>glotta-mimesis indexical: <i>discours</i> shows partly indications.</li>
</ul>
<br/>
<li><b>glotta-diegesis</b>: marks languages on the <i>histoire</i> level.</li>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<li><b>glotta-pithanon</b>: plausible motivation for the use of a foreign language.
<ul>
<li>glotta-pithanon implicit.</li>
<li>glotta-pithanon explicit.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<br/>
<li><b>glotta-aporetic</b>: impossibility to determine the language.</li>
</ol>
<div class="fuente">Stockhammer (2015: 146–172)</div></section>
<section data-transition = "none">
<h3>glotta-mimesis iconic</h3>
<div class="cita">
<p>Pigmerio en lengua polaca dijo a Eustorgio: — «<i>To, panie, jest ojciec tego chłopaka, który zmarł i którego pogrzebaliśmy w jaskini, i na którego to znalazłem list do niego</i>»</p>
</div>
<div class="fuente"></div>
</section>
<section data-transition = "none">
<h3>glotta-diegesis</h3>
<div class="cita" >
<p>Pigmerio en lengua polaca dijo a Eustorgio: — «este, señor, es el padre de aquel moço que murió y enterramos en la cueva, que en el pecho le hallé yo una carta para él.»</p>
</div>
<div class="fuente">Suárez, <i>Eustorgio</i> (1629: VIII)</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="method">
<section> <h3>Network formalization</h3>
<ul>
<li>Character networks of fictional texts: widespread DH method.</li>
<li>Manual or automated character extraction based on co-occurrence in scenes, chapters, indexes, etc. </li>
<li>Dramatic texts. <span class="fuente">Moretti 2011, Trilcke 2013, Algee-Hewitt 2017, Fischer 2018 (<a href="https://dlina.github.io">dlina</a>, <a href="https://dracor.org">DraCor</a>)</span>; Narrative texts. <span class="fuente">Elson 2010, Rochat 2014, Isasi 2017</span></li>
<li>Network measures for a quantitative analysis of protagonism: centrality values.</li>
</ul></section>
<section>
<h3>2 novels: <i>Semprilis</i>, <i>Eustorgio</i></h3>
<ul>
<li>Manual extraction into tabular data.</li>
<li>Segmentation based communicative interaction (strong dialogical structure in the novels).</li>
<li>Communicative (direct and indirect speech) and interactive (non speaking conversation partners).</li>
<li>Language information to each interaction using the glottaliterary classification.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 70%">
<textarea data-template >
## Tabular data into structured network data
### R environment (igraph, etc.)
</br>
|from|to |language |interactions |
|----|---------|-------------|----------------|
|Eustorgio|Pigmerio |lengua moscovita|36 |
|Clorilene|Eustorgio|lengua moscovita|23 |
|Eustorgio|Juana |lengua moscovita|11 |
|...||| |
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 70%">
<textarea data-template >
### Network metrics
</br>
|name | degree |betweenness |eigenvector |art.point|num.lenguas|
|---- |---------|-----------|-----|---|---|
|Eustorgio|57|1135.08095238095|1|1|7|
|Pigmerio|33|141.58253968254|0.864870480549302|0|6|
|Cericea|7|2.81904761904762|0.228895912617003|0|3|
|Clorilene|23|245.180158730159|0.395349116870123|1|3|
|Rugiel|15|25.2968253968254|0.449501671115846|0|3|
|Agustinos|6|3|0.253606343071947|0|2|
|Celidora|8|97.8519841269841|0.244662493542396|0|2|
|Indio esclavo| 6| 112| 0.136757348003237 | 1 | 2|
|...||||||
</textarea>
</section>
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<h3>Signal of multilingual discourse</h3>
</section>
<section data-background-iframe="imagenes/eus_bipartite.html" data-background-interactive>
</section>
<section >
<h3>Protagonists as poliglots</h3>
<h5>Multigraph showing parallel edges (languages) between nodes (characters) in <i>Eustorgio</i></h5>
<img style="box-shadow: none;" src="imagenes/net_eustorgio.png"/>
</section>
<section >
<img style="box-shadow: none;" src="imagenes/net_alluvial_eust.png"/>
</section>
<section>
<img style="box-shadow: none;" src="imagenes/net_eust_tabla.png"/>
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</section>
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<div><a href="http://www.ifr.uni.wroc.pl/pl/nasz-instytut/pracownicy/dr-jose-luis-losada-palenzuela">José Luis Losada Palenzuela</a>,<br><i>Multilingual Discourse in Narrative Fiction Analyzed with Character Networks</i>, <a href="https://editio.github.io/presentations/glottanetwork.html"><http://editio.github.io/presentations/<br>glottanetwork></a>, 2019.</div>
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<p>José Luis Losada Palenzuela · 2019</p>
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