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references.bib
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references.bib
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@article{Antoni:2003gd,
author = "Antoni, T. and others",
collaboration = "KASCADE",
title = "{The Cosmic ray experiment KASCADE}",
journal = "Nucl. Instrum. Meth.",
volume = "A513",
year = "2003",
pages = "490-510",
doi = "10.1016/S0168-9002(03)02076-X",
SLACcitation = "%%CITATION = NUIMA,A513,490;%%"
}
@manual{Sciutto:1999,
author = "Sciutto, S.J.",
title = "{AIRES}: A System for air shower simulations. User's guide and reference manual. Version 2.2.0",
year = "1999",
eprint = "astro-ph/9911331",
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
primaryClass = "astro-ph",
}
@article{Knapp:2002,
author = "Knapp, J. and Heck, D. and Sciutto, S.J. and Dova, M.T.
and Risse, M.",
title = "{Extensive air shower simulations at the highest
energies}",
journal = "Astropart.Phys.",
volume = "19",
pages = "77-99",
doi = "10.1016/S0927-6505(02)00187-1",
year = "2003",
eprint = "astro-ph/0206414",
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
primaryClass = "astro-ph",
}
@unpublished{Steijger:2010-time,
author = "Jos Steijger",
title = "",
howpublished = "HiSPARC Internal note",
year = "2010",
month = "Oct",
}
@unpublished{Steijger:2010-firsthit,
author = "Jos Steijger",
title = "Time of first hit",
howpublished = "HiSPARC Internal note",
year = "2010",
month = "Aug",
}
@unpublished{Steijger:2010-transmission,
author = "Jos Steijger",
title = "",
howpublished = "HiSPARC Internal note",
year = "2010",
month = "Jan",
}
@incollection{Pennink:2010,
author = "Dorrith Pennink",
title = "Analyse van het pulshoogte histogram",
booktitle = "FOM verslag LIO's 2009 -- 2010",
publisher = "FOM",
year = "2010",
}
@incollection{Bosboom:2011,
author = "Niels Bosboom",
title = "Richting reconstructie van showers in de Science Park cluster",
booktitle = "FOM verslag LIO's 2010 -- 2011",
publisher = "FOM",
year = "2011",
}
@article{Badea:2004un,
author = "Badea, A. and others",
title = "{The KASCADE-Grande experiment and the LOPES project}",
collaboration = "The KASCADE-Grande Collaboration and the LOPES
Collaboration",
journal = "Nucl.Phys.Proc.Suppl.",
volume = "136",
pages = "384-389",
doi = "10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.10.038",
year = "2004",
eprint = "astro-ph/0409319",
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
primaryClass = "astro-ph",
}
@inproceedings{Iori:2009,
author = "M. Iori and J. Russ and H. Denizli and F. Ferrarotto and M. Kaya and A. Yilmaz",
title = "Test Results of a New Concept of an {EAS} Detector for {UHE} Neutrinos",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 31${\rm st}$ ICRC",
address = "Łódź",
year = "2009",
}
@article{Antoni:2000mg,
author = "Antoni, T. and others",
title = "{Electron, muon, and hadron lateral distributions
measured in air-showers by the KASCADE experiment}",
collaboration = "KASCADE Collaboration",
journal = "Astropart.Phys.",
volume = "14",
pages = "245-260",
doi = "10.1016/S0927-6505(00)00125-0",
year = "2001",
eprint = "astro-ph/0004233",
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
primaryClass = "astro-ph",
}
@misc{Schieler:2010-clock,
author = "Harald Schieler",
howpublished = "Private communication",
month = "Dec",
year = "2010",
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{1991ICRC....2..712M,
author = {{Meyhandan}, R. and others},
title = "{EAS Direction Re-Analysis with Shower Front Curvature}",
booktitle = {International Cosmic Ray Conference},
year = 1991,
series = {International Cosmic Ray Conference},
volume = 2,
month = aug,
pages = {712-+},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991ICRC....2..712M},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@Misc{PyTables,
author = {Francesc Alted and Ivan Vilata and others},
title = {{PyTables}: Hierarchical Datasets in {Python}},
year = {2002--},
url = "http://www.pytables.org/"
}
@article{Lacy:1994,
author = "Lacy, J.H. and others",
title = {Detection of absorption by {H$_2$} in molecular clouds: a direct measurement of the {H$_2$:CO} ratio},
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
volume = 428,
year = 1994,
pages = {69--72},
}
@article{Glover:2011,
Author = {Glover, S. C. O. and Low, M.-M. Mac},
Doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17907.x},
Issn = {1365-2966},
Journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
Keywords = {molecular processes, ISM: clouds, ISM: molecules, galaxies: ISM},
Number = {1},
Pages = {337--350},
Publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
Title = {On the relationship between molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide abundances in molecular clouds},
Url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17907.x},
Volume = {412},
Year = {2011},
}
@article{Takeda:2003,
title = "Energy determination in the Akeno Giant Air Shower Array experiment",
journal = "Astroparticle Physics",
volume = "19",
number = "4",
pages = "447-462",
year = "2003",
note = "",
issn = "0927-6505",
doi = "10.1016/S0927-6505(02)00243-8",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927650502002438",
author = "M. Takeda and N. Sakaki and K. Honda and others",
keywords = "Extensive air showers",
keywords = "Ultra high energy cosmic rays",
keywords = "Energy determination"
}
@article{Apel:2009,
title = "Energy spectra of elemental groups of cosmic rays: Update on the KASCADE unfolding analysis",
journal = "Astroparticle Physics",
volume = "31",
number = "2",
pages = "86-91",
year = "2009",
note = "",
issn = "0927-6505",
doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.11.008",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927650508001783",
author = "W.D. Apel and others",
keywords = "Cosmic ray energy spectrum",
keywords = "Cosmic ray composition",
keywords = "The knee",
keywords = "KASCADE",
keywords = "Hadronic interaction models",
keywords = "FLUKA",
keywords = "GHEISHA"
}
@article{Abraham:2010,
author = "Abraham, J. and others",
title = "{Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above
$10^{18}$ eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory}",
collaboration = "The Pierre Auger Collaboration",
journal = "Phys.Lett.",
volume = "B685",
pages = "239-246",
doi = "10.1016/j.physletb.2010.02.013",
year = "2010",
eprint = "1002.1975",
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
primaryClass = "astro-ph.HE",
}
@article{Bird:1993,
month = {Nov},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3401},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
author = {Bird, D. J. and others},
title = {Evidence for correlated changes in the spectrum and composition of cosmic rays at extremely high energies},
year = {1993},
pages = {3401--3404},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
volume = {71},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.3401},
issue = {21}
}
@article{Boyle:2008,
title = "Cosmic ray composition at high energies: The {TRACER} project",
journal = "Advances in Space Research",
volume = "42",
number = "3",
pages = "409-416",
year = "2008",
note = "",
issn = "0273-1177",
doi = "10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.063",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117707003006",
author = "P.J. Boyle",
keywords = "Cosmic rays",
keywords = "Abundances",
keywords = "Particle acceleration"
}
@ARTICLE{George:2009,
author = {{George}, J.~S. and {Lave}, K.~A. and {Wiedenbeck}, M.~E. and others},
title = "{Elemental Composition and Energy Spectra of Galactic Cosmic Rays During Solar Cycle 23}",
journal = {Astroph. J.},
keywords = {cosmic rays, Galaxy: abundances, Sun: activity},
year = 2009,
month = jun,
volume = 698,
pages = {1666-1681},
doi = {10.1088/0004-637X/698/2/1666},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ApJ...698.1666G},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@book{Grupen:2005,
title={Astroparticle physics},
author={Grupen, C.},
isbn={9783540253129},
lccn={2005924544},
%url={http://books.google.com/books?id=wlVGJ4X1BKkC},
year={2005},
publisher={Springer}
}
@inproceedings{Lodders:2009,
author = {{Lodders}, K. and {Palme}, H. and {Gail}, H.-P.},
title = "{Abundances of the Elements in the Solar System}",
keywords = {solar abundances, solar system abundances, condensation temperatures},
booktitle = {Landolt-B{\"o}rnstein - Group VI Astronomy and Astrophysics
Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology
Volume 4B: Solar System.},
year = 2009,
archivePrefix = "arXiv",
eprint = {0901.1149},
primaryClass = "astro-ph.EP",
editor = "{J.~E.~Tr{\"u}mper}",
pages = {44-+},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-88055-4_34},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009LanB...4B...44L},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
@article{Wang:2002,
author={J. Z. Wang and E. S. Seo and others},
title={Measurement of Cosmic-Ray Hydrogen and Helium and Their Isotopic Composition with the BESS Experiment},
journal={The Astrophysical Journal},
volume={564},
number={1},
pages={244},
url={http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/564/i=1/a=244},
year={2002},
abstract={The cosmic-ray hydrogen and helium spectra have been measured by the Balloon Borne Experiment with a Superconducting Solenoid Spectrometer (BESS), which has been flown from Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada, annually since 1993. The BESS experiment provides excellent rigidity measurement and precise particle identification with a large geometric acceptance. We present here the hydrogen and helium nuclei energy spectra from 0.2 to 10 GeV nucleon -1 and their isotopic composition from 0.2 to about 1 GeV nucleon -1 for the first BESS flight. This provides the first simultaneous measurements of the cosmic-ray secondaries, deuterons, and 3 He, with their primaries, protons, and 4 He over this energy range in a period of solar minimum. In this paper, we have achieved significant improvements in data analysis in the following aspects. First, the latest available cross-section data and their parameterizations were utilized in the simulation code developed for this study. Second, a complete simulation was performed for both protons and heavy ions: the δ-ray effect was properly simulated and showed a large influence on the measurement of heavy ions at high energies. Third, the secondary particle correction, which dominates the systematic uncertainty at low energies for singly charged particles, protons and deuterons, was calculated iteratively with the simultaneously measured primary cosmic-ray spectra. In general, the results of this experiment are consistent with other recent measurements using balloon-borne or satellite experiments, but with better precision. The measured spectra of protons, deuterons, 3 He, and 4 He and their corresponding ratios are compared with different interstellar/heliospheric propagation calculations, which were derived to fit observations of heavy nuclei. The overall good agreement indicates that the propagation history for light cosmic-ray elements, protons, deuterons, and helium nuclei is similar to that of the heavy nuclei. The 2 H/ 1 H ratio is sensitive to the propagation models, and our results show a tendency of better agreement with the reacceleration model than the standard leaky-box model.}
}
@article{deNolfo:2006,
title = "Observations of the {Li}, {Be}, and {B} isotopes and constraints on cosmic-ray propagation",
journal = "Advances in Space Research",
volume = "38",
number = "7",
pages = "1558-1564",
year = "2006",
%note = "<ce:title>Galactic and Extragalactic Astrophysics</ce:title>",
issn = "0273-1177",
doi = "10.1016/j.asr.2006.09.008",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117706004947",
author = "G.A. de Nolfo and I.V. Moskalenko and others",
keywords = "Cosmic rays",
keywords = "Galaxygeneral",
keywords = "Galaxyabundances",
keywords = "Galaxyevolution",
keywords = "ISMgeneral"
}
@article{Smoot:1975,
month = {Jul},
url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.258},
publisher = {American Physical Society},
author = {Smoot, G. F. and Buffington, A. and Orth, C. D.},
title = {Search for Cosmic-Ray Antimatter},
year = {1975},
pages = {258--261},
journal = {Phys. Rev. Lett.},
volume = {35},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.35.258},
issue = {4}
}
@article{Picozza:2003,
author={Piergiorgio Picozza and Aldo Morselli},
title={Antimatter research in space},
journal={Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics},
volume={29},
number={5},
pages={903},
url={http://stacks.iop.org/0954-3899/29/i=5/a=311},
year={2003},
abstract={Two of the most compelling issues facing astrophysics and cosmology today are to understand the nature of the dark matter that pervades the universe and to understand the apparent absence of cosmological antimatter. For both issues, sensitive measurements of cosmic-ray antiprotons and positrons, in a wide energy range, are crucial. Many different mechanisms can contribute to antiprotons and positrons production, ranging from conventional reactions such as p + p → p + IMG [http://ej.iop.org/icons/Entities/barp.gif] {bar p} + anything up to exotic processes such as neutralino annihilation. The open problems are so fundamental (i.e., is the universe symmetric in matter and antimatter?) that experiments in this field will probably be of the greatest interest in the next years. Here we will summarize the present situation, showing the different hypothesis and models and the experimental measurements needed to lead to a more established scenario.}
}
@article {Nagashima:1989,
author = {Nagashima, K. and Sakakibara, S. and Murakami, K. and Morishita, I.},
affiliation = {Cosmic-Ray Research Laboratory, Nagoya University Chikusa-ku 464-01 Nagoya Japan},
title = {Response and yield functions of neutron monitor, galactic cosmic-ray spectrum and its solar modulation, derived from all the available world-wide surveys},
journal = {Il Nuovo Cimento C},
publisher = {Italian Physical Society},
issn = {1124-1896},
keyword = {Journals},
pages = {173-209},
volume = {12},
issue = {2},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02523790},
doi = {10.1007/BF02523790},
year = {1989}
}
@article{Cronin:1997,
author = "Cronin, J.W. and Swordy, S.P. and Gaisser, T.K.",
title = "{Cosmic rays at the energy frontier}",
journal = "Sci.Am.",
volume = "276",
pages = "32-37",
year = "1997",
}
@article{Hoerandel:2004,
title = "Models of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays",
journal = "Astroparticle Physics",
volume = "21",
number = "3",
pages = "241-265",
year = "2004",
note = "",
issn = "0927-6505",
doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2004.01.004",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927650504000209",
author = "Jörg R. Hörandel",
keywords = "Cosmic rays",
keywords = "Acceleration",
keywords = "Propagation",
keywords = "Energy spectrum",
keywords = "Knee",
keywords = "Mass composition"
}
@online{dispute-fluorescence,
title = "History of the Air Fluorescence Technique",
author = "{Telescope Array Project}",
year = 2006,
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year = {2009},
journal = {Review of Scientific Instruments},
volume = {80},
number = {6},
eid = {063303},
numpages = {5},
pages = {063303},
keywords = {laser beam effects; neutron detection; photomultipliers; solid scintillation detectors},
url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?RSI/80/063303/1},
doi = {10.1063/1.3152212}
}
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author = {{National Institute of Standards and Technology}},
title = "ESTAR",
subtitle = "Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons",
url = "http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/ESTAR.html",
}
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author = "{Particle Data Group}",
title = "Atomic and Nuclear Properties of Materials",
url = "http://pdg.lbl.gov/2011/AtomicNuclearProperties/",
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author={K Nakamura and others},
organization={Particle Data Group},
title={Review of Particle Physics},
journal={Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics},
volume={37},
%number={7A},
pages={075021},
url={http://stacks.iop.org/0954-3899/37/i=7A/a=075021},
year={2010},
abstract={This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, V ud & V us , V cb & V ub , fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review . All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: pdg.lbl.gov [http://pdg.lbl.gov] .}
}
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note = "",
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author = {{Hillas}, A.~M.},
title = "{Two interesting techniques for Monte-Carlo simulation of very high energy hadron cascades}",
keywords = {COSMIC RAY SHOWERS, ELEMENTARY PARTICLE INTERACTIONS, HADRONS, HIGH ENERGY INTERACTIONS, MONTE CARLO METHOD, PIONS, ENERGY SPECTRA, NUCLEON-NUCLEON INTERACTIONS, PRIMARY COSMIC RAYS},
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volume = 8,
pages = {193-196},
adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981ICRC....8..193H},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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