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Operating Systems

Processes and Threads

  • Processes
    • Creation
    • Termination
    • Hierarchies
    • States
  • Threads
  • Interprocess Communication
    • Race Conditions
    • Critical Regions
    • Mutual Exclusion with Busy Waiting
    • Semaphores
    • Mutexes
    • Monitors
    • Message Passing
    • Barriers
  • Scheduling
    • Batch Systems
    • Interactive Systems
    • Real-Time Systems
    • Thread Scheduling

Memory Management

  • Address Spaces
    • Swapping
    • Managing Free Memory
  • Virtual Memory
    • Paging
    • Page Tables
    • Speeding Up Paging
  • Page Replacement Algorithms
    • The Optimal Page Replacement Algorithm
    • The Not Recently Used Page Replacement Algorithm
    • The First-In, First-Out (FIFO) Page Replacement Algorithm
    • The Second-Chance Page Replacement Algorithm
    • The Clock Page Replacement Algorithm
    • The Least Recently Used (LRU) Page Replacement Algorithm
    • The Working Set Page Replacement Algorithm
    • The WSClock Page Replacement Algorithm
  • Design Issues For Paging Systems
    • Page Size
    • Shared Pages
    • Mapped Files

File Systems

  • Files
    • File Naming
    • File Structure
    • File Types
    • File Access
    • File Attributes
    • File Operations
  • Directories
    • Single-Level Directory Systems
    • Hierarchical Directory Systems
    • Path Names
    • Directory Operations
  • File-System Implementation
    • File-System Layout
    • Implementing Files
    • Implementing Directories
    • Shared Files
    • Journaling File Systems
    • Virtual File Systems
  • File-System Management and Optimization
    • Disk-Space Management
    • File-System Backups
    • File-System Consistency
    • File-System Performance
    • Defragmenting Disks

Input/Output

  • Principles of I/O Hardware
    • I/O Devices
    • Device Controllers
    • Memory-Mapped I/O
    • Direct Memory Access
  • Principles of I/O Software
    • Goals of the I/O Software
    • Programmed I/O
    • Interrupt-Driven I/O
    • I/O Using DMA
  • I/O Software Layers
    • Interrupt Handlers
    • Device Drivers
    • Device-Independent I/O Software
    • User-Space I/O Software
  • Disks
    • Disk Hardware
    • Disk Formatting
    • Disk Arm Scheduling Algorithms
    • Error Handling

Deadlocks

  • Resources
    • Preemptable and Nonpreemptable Resources
    • Resource Acquisition
  • Deadlocks
    • Conditions for Resource Deadlocks
    • Deadlock Modeling
  • Deadlock Detection and Recovery
    • Deadlock Detection with One Resource of Each Type
    • Deadlock Detection with Multiple Resources of Each Type
    • Recovery from Deadlock
  • Deadlock Avoidance
    • Resource Trajectories
    • Safe and Unsafe States
    • The Banker’s Algorithm for a Single Resource
    • The Banker’s Algorithm for Multiple Resources
  • Deadlock Prevention
    • Attacking the Mutual-Exclusion Condition
    • Attacking the Hold-and-Wait Condition
    • Attacking the No-Preemption Condition
    • Attacking the Circular Wait Condition
  • Other Issues
    • Two-Phase Locking
    • Communication Deadlocks
    • Livelock
    • Starvation

Virtualization and the Cloud

  • Type 1 and Type 2 Hypervisors
  • Techniques for Efficient Virtualization
  • Memory Virtualization
  • I/o Virtualization

Multiple Processor Systems

  • Multiprocessors
    • Multiprocessor Hardware
    • Multiprocessor Operating System Types
    • Multiprocessor Synchronization
    • Multiprocessor Scheduling
  • Multicomputers
    • Multicomputer Hardware
    • Low-Level Communication Software
    • User-Level Communication Software