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callback-functions.html
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callback-functions.html
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<div class="headertitle"><div class="title">Using Callback Functions </div></div>
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<div class="textblock"><p >When you create or get an object from Discord, you send the request to its API and in return you get either an error or the object you requested/created. You can pass a function to API calls as the callback function. This means that when the request completes, and you get a response from the API, your callback function executes. You must be careful with lambda captures! Good practice would be not capturing variables by reference unless you have to, since when the request completes and the function executes, the variables can already be destructed. Advanced reference can be found <a href="https://dpp.dev/lambdas-and-locals.html">here</a>. Now, let's see callback functions in action:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#include <dpp/dpp.h></span></div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordtype">int</span> main() {</div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_class" href="classdpp_1_1cluster.html">dpp::cluster</a> bot(<span class="stringliteral">"Token Was Here"</span>, <a class="code hl_enumvalue" href="namespacedpp.html#a0042c0fc8164da4239b977d5be8e2ef5a561a52b3c6883808735c41891351c68f">dpp::i_default_intents</a> | <a class="code hl_enumvalue" href="namespacedpp.html#a0042c0fc8164da4239b977d5be8e2ef5a27810e825c157ded5d59df6dede23414">dpp::i_message_content</a>);</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* the second argument is a bitmask of intents - i_message_content is needed to get messages */</span></div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> bot.on_log(<a class="code hl_function" href="namespacedpp_1_1utility.html#a8c2cc04bb80ffd287b376d5977899277">dpp::utility::cout_logger</a>());</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* The event is fired when someone issues your commands */</span></div>
<div class="line"> bot.on_slashcommand([&bot](<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1slashcommand__t.html">dpp::slashcommand_t</a>& event) {</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (event.<a class="code hl_variable" href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a8b0c69c156a1e532507a918c13414f14">command</a>.<a class="code hl_function" href="classdpp_1_1interaction.html#aabbb8d58d708128098516ed443d5c140">get_command_name</a>() == <span class="stringliteral">"msgs-get"</span>) {</div>
<div class="line"> int64_t limit = std::get<int64_t>(event.get_parameter(<span class="stringliteral">"quantity"</span>));</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* get messages using ID of the channel the command was issued in */</span></div>
<div class="line"> bot.messages_get(event.command.channel_id, 0, 0, 0, limit, [event](const dpp::confirmation_callback_t& callback) {</div>
<div class="line"> if (callback.is_error()) { <span class="comment">/* catching an error to log it */</span></div>
<div class="line"> std::cout << callback.get_error().message << std::endl;</div>
<div class="line"> return;</div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> auto messages = callback.get<dpp::message_map>();</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* std::get<dpp::message_map>(callback.value) would give the same result */</span></div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> std::string contents;</div>
<div class="line"> for (const auto& x : messages) { <span class="comment">/* here we iterate through the dpp::message_map we got from callback... */</span></div>
<div class="line"> contents += x.second.content + <span class="stringliteral">'\n'</span>; <span class="comment">/* ...where x.first is ID of the current message and x.second is the message itself. */</span></div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> event.reply(contents); <span class="comment">/* we will see all those messages we got, united as one! */</span></div>
<div class="line"> });</div>
<div class="line"> } <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (event.<a class="code hl_variable" href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a8b0c69c156a1e532507a918c13414f14">command</a>.<a class="code hl_function" href="classdpp_1_1interaction.html#aabbb8d58d708128098516ed443d5c140">get_command_name</a>() == <span class="stringliteral">"channel-create"</span>) {</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* create a text channel */</span></div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_class" href="classdpp_1_1channel.html">dpp::channel</a> channel = <a class="code hl_class" href="classdpp_1_1channel.html">dpp::channel</a>()</div>
<div class="line"> .<a class="code hl_function" href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#a304e19817c6bf0e363daf497a3011f3a">set_name</a>(<span class="stringliteral">"test"</span>)</div>
<div class="line"> .<a class="code hl_function" href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#aa823c3a070bc37d70be28bd9b49820c5">set_guild_id</a>(event.<a class="code hl_variable" href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a8b0c69c156a1e532507a918c13414f14">command</a>.<a class="code hl_variable" href="classdpp_1_1interaction.html#a6301d14a86e9b51b656ef589c2e39009">guild_id</a>);</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> bot.channel_create(channel, [&bot, event](<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html">dpp::confirmation_callback_t</a>& callback) -> <span class="keywordtype">void</span> {</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (callback.<a class="code hl_function" href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html#a17820d5f9fb0725d64a1bf23c8cc97c7">is_error</a>()) { <span class="comment">/* catching an error to log it */</span></div>
<div class="line"> bot.log(dpp::loglevel::ll_error, callback.get_error().message);</div>
<div class="line"> return;</div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keyword">auto</span> channel = callback.<a class="code hl_function" href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html#ac32b677abe27aa496063ee34a4ae1fbd">get</a><<a class="code hl_class" href="classdpp_1_1channel.html">dpp::channel</a>>();</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* std::get<dpp::channel>(callback.value) would give the same result */</span></div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* reply with the created channel information */</span></div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1message.html">dpp::message</a> message = <a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1message.html">dpp::message</a>(<span class="stringliteral">"The channel's name is `"</span> + channel.<a class="code hl_variable" href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#a065d6fbd4e21759354c2516b074078a8">name</a> + <span class="stringliteral">"`, ID is `"</span> + std::to_string(channel.<a class="code hl_variable" href="classdpp_1_1managed.html#a40bf0c6cc03909910512808fa6caa112">id</a>) + <span class="stringliteral">" and type is `"</span> + std::to_string(channel.<a class="code hl_function" href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#a8095c887b1cb49c81b9d3044da51955c">get_type</a>()) + <span class="stringliteral">"`."</span>);</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* note that channel types are represented as numbers */</span></div>
<div class="line"> event.<a class="code hl_function" href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a34f374b358f8d2d49fa93bfe5a2c0493">reply</a>(message);</div>
<div class="line"> });</div>
<div class="line"> } <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (event.<a class="code hl_variable" href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a8b0c69c156a1e532507a918c13414f14">command</a>.<a class="code hl_function" href="classdpp_1_1interaction.html#aabbb8d58d708128098516ed443d5c140">get_command_name</a>() == <span class="stringliteral">"msg-error"</span>) {</div>
<div class="line"> bot.message_get(0, 0, [event](<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html">dpp::confirmation_callback_t</a>& callback) -> <span class="keywordtype">void</span> {</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* the error will occur since there is no message with ID '0' that is in a channel with ID '0' (I'm not explaining why) */</span></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (callback.<a class="code hl_function" href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html#a17820d5f9fb0725d64a1bf23c8cc97c7">is_error</a>()) {</div>
<div class="line"> event.reply(callback.get_error().message);</div>
<div class="line"> return;</div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <span class="comment">/* we won't be able to get here because of the return; statement */</span></div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keyword">auto</span> message = callback.<a class="code hl_function" href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html#ac32b677abe27aa496063ee34a4ae1fbd">get</a><<a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1message.html">dpp::message</a>>();</div>
<div class="line"> event.<a class="code hl_function" href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a34f374b358f8d2d49fa93bfe5a2c0493">reply</a>(message);</div>
<div class="line"> });</div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> });</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> bot.on_ready([&bot](<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1ready__t.html">dpp::ready_t</a>& event) {</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (dpp::run_once <struct register_global_commands>()) {</div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_class" href="classdpp_1_1slashcommand.html">dpp::slashcommand</a> msgs_get(<span class="stringliteral">"msgs-get"</span>, <span class="stringliteral">"Get messages"</span>, bot.me.id);</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> int64_t min_val{1};</div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keyword">constexpr</span> int64_t max_val{100};</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> msgs_get.add_option(</div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_struct" href="structdpp_1_1command__option.html">dpp::command_option</a>(<a class="code hl_enumvalue" href="namespacedpp.html#abc401d86119c6443bf72d736857c1a58a7e18bae49699df4948c28c12bfa8bd19">dpp::co_integer</a>, <span class="stringliteral">"quantity"</span>, <span class="stringliteral">"Quantity of messages to get. Max - 100."</span>)</div>
<div class="line"> .set_min_value(min_val)</div>
<div class="line"> .set_max_value(max_val)</div>
<div class="line"> );</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_class" href="classdpp_1_1slashcommand.html">dpp::slashcommand</a> channel_create(<span class="stringliteral">"channel-create"</span>, <span class="stringliteral">"Create a channel"</span>, bot.me.id);</div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_class" href="classdpp_1_1slashcommand.html">dpp::slashcommand</a> msg_error(<span class="stringliteral">"msg-error"</span>, <span class="stringliteral">"Get an error instead of message :)"</span>, bot.me.id);</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> bot.global_bulk_command_create({ msgs_get, channel_create, msg_error });</div>
<div class="line"> }</div>
<div class="line"> });</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> bot.start(<a class="code hl_enumvalue" href="namespacedpp.html#af447e04d0490cd4a9de085e4a758faa4a155f7db65696b4c09b5fcc41787e4726">dpp::st_wait</a>);</div>
<div class="line"> </div>
<div class="line"> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1channel_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1channel.html">dpp::channel</a></div><div class="ttdoc">A definition of a discord channel. There are one of these for every channel type except threads....</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> channel.h:340</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1channel_html_a065d6fbd4e21759354c2516b074078a8"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#a065d6fbd4e21759354c2516b074078a8">dpp::channel::name</a></div><div class="ttdeci">std::string name</div><div class="ttdoc">Channel name (1-100 characters).</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> channel.h:364</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1channel_html_a304e19817c6bf0e363daf497a3011f3a"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#a304e19817c6bf0e363daf497a3011f3a">dpp::channel::set_name</a></div><div class="ttdeci">channel & set_name(const std::string &name)</div><div class="ttdoc">Set name of this channel object.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1channel_html_a8095c887b1cb49c81b9d3044da51955c"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#a8095c887b1cb49c81b9d3044da51955c">dpp::channel::get_type</a></div><div class="ttdeci">channel_type get_type() const</div><div class="ttdoc">Get the channel type.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1channel_html_aa823c3a070bc37d70be28bd9b49820c5"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1channel.html#aa823c3a070bc37d70be28bd9b49820c5">dpp::channel::set_guild_id</a></div><div class="ttdeci">channel & set_guild_id(const snowflake guild_id)</div><div class="ttdoc">Set guild_id of this channel object.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1cluster_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1cluster.html">dpp::cluster</a></div><div class="ttdoc">The cluster class represents a group of shards and a command queue for sending and receiving commands...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> cluster.h:80</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1interaction_html_a6301d14a86e9b51b656ef589c2e39009"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1interaction.html#a6301d14a86e9b51b656ef589c2e39009">dpp::interaction::guild_id</a></div><div class="ttdeci">snowflake guild_id</div><div class="ttdoc">Optional: the guild it was sent from.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> appcommand.h:970</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1interaction_html_aabbb8d58d708128098516ed443d5c140"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1interaction.html#aabbb8d58d708128098516ed443d5c140">dpp::interaction::get_command_name</a></div><div class="ttdeci">std::string get_command_name() const</div><div class="ttdoc">Get the command name for a command interaction.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1managed_html_a40bf0c6cc03909910512808fa6caa112"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1managed.html#a40bf0c6cc03909910512808fa6caa112">dpp::managed::id</a></div><div class="ttdeci">snowflake id</div><div class="ttdoc">Unique ID of object set by Discord. This value contains a timestamp, worker ID, internal server ID,...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> managed.h:39</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aclassdpp_1_1slashcommand_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="classdpp_1_1slashcommand.html">dpp::slashcommand</a></div><div class="ttdoc">Represents an application command, created by your bot either globally, or on a guild.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> appcommand.h:1339</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="anamespacedpp_1_1utility_html_a8c2cc04bb80ffd287b376d5977899277"><div class="ttname"><a href="namespacedpp_1_1utility.html#a8c2cc04bb80ffd287b376d5977899277">dpp::utility::cout_logger</a></div><div class="ttdeci">std::function< void(const dpp::log_t &)> DPP_EXPORT cout_logger()</div><div class="ttdoc">Get a default logger that outputs to std::cout. e.g.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="anamespacedpp_html_a0042c0fc8164da4239b977d5be8e2ef5a27810e825c157ded5d59df6dede23414"><div class="ttname"><a href="namespacedpp.html#a0042c0fc8164da4239b977d5be8e2ef5a27810e825c157ded5d59df6dede23414">dpp::i_message_content</a></div><div class="ttdeci">@ i_message_content</div><div class="ttdoc">Intent for receipt of message content.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> intents.h:112</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="anamespacedpp_html_a0042c0fc8164da4239b977d5be8e2ef5a561a52b3c6883808735c41891351c68f"><div class="ttname"><a href="namespacedpp.html#a0042c0fc8164da4239b977d5be8e2ef5a561a52b3c6883808735c41891351c68f">dpp::i_default_intents</a></div><div class="ttdeci">@ i_default_intents</div><div class="ttdoc">Default D++ intents (all non-privileged intents).</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> intents.h:132</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="anamespacedpp_html_abc401d86119c6443bf72d736857c1a58a7e18bae49699df4948c28c12bfa8bd19"><div class="ttname"><a href="namespacedpp.html#abc401d86119c6443bf72d736857c1a58a7e18bae49699df4948c28c12bfa8bd19">dpp::co_integer</a></div><div class="ttdeci">@ co_integer</div><div class="ttdoc">An integer value.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> appcommand.h:69</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="anamespacedpp_html_af447e04d0490cd4a9de085e4a758faa4a155f7db65696b4c09b5fcc41787e4726"><div class="ttname"><a href="namespacedpp.html#af447e04d0490cd4a9de085e4a758faa4a155f7db65696b4c09b5fcc41787e4726">dpp::st_wait</a></div><div class="ttdeci">@ st_wait</div><div class="ttdoc">Wait forever on a condition variable. The cluster will spawn threads for each shard and start() will ...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> cluster.h:63</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1command__option_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1command__option.html">dpp::command_option</a></div><div class="ttdoc">Each command option is a command line parameter. It can have a type (see dpp::command_option_type),...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> appcommand.h:203</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html">dpp::confirmation_callback_t</a></div><div class="ttdoc">The results of a REST call wrapped in a convenient struct.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> restresults.h:255</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t_html_a17820d5f9fb0725d64a1bf23c8cc97c7"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html#a17820d5f9fb0725d64a1bf23c8cc97c7">dpp::confirmation_callback_t::is_error</a></div><div class="ttdeci">bool is_error() const</div><div class="ttdoc">Returns true if the call resulted in an error rather than a legitimate value in the confirmation_call...</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t_html_ac32b677abe27aa496063ee34a4ae1fbd"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1confirmation__callback__t.html#ac32b677abe27aa496063ee34a4ae1fbd">dpp::confirmation_callback_t::get</a></div><div class="ttdeci">T get() const</div><div class="ttdoc">Get the stored value via std::get.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> restresults.h:323</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1interaction__create__t_html_a34f374b358f8d2d49fa93bfe5a2c0493"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a34f374b358f8d2d49fa93bfe5a2c0493">dpp::interaction_create_t::reply</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void reply(command_completion_event_t callback=utility::log_error()) const</div><div class="ttdoc">Acknowledge interaction without displaying a message to the user, for use with button and select menu...</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1interaction__create__t_html_a8b0c69c156a1e532507a918c13414f14"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1interaction__create__t.html#a8b0c69c156a1e532507a918c13414f14">dpp::interaction_create_t::command</a></div><div class="ttdeci">interaction command</div><div class="ttdoc">command interaction</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> dispatcher.h:678</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1message_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1message.html">dpp::message</a></div><div class="ttdoc">Represents messages sent and received on Discord.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> message.h:1988</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1ready__t_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1ready__t.html">dpp::ready_t</a></div><div class="ttdoc">Session ready.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> dispatcher.h:961</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="astructdpp_1_1slashcommand__t_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="structdpp_1_1slashcommand__t.html">dpp::slashcommand_t</a></div><div class="ttdoc">User has issued a slash command.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> dispatcher.h:695</div></div>
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