A Cosmology Group
Towards a Radical Change in Fundamental Physics #126
Replies: 3 comments 21 replies
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There exists a theory, derived from findings by G. de Vaucouleurs; a maximum possible observable redshift of z=28.5 is predicted with it. So let Karl Popper keep us awake !
What is Energy? Is Energy Conserved?
Human technology would be unthinkable without experiments which are not repeatable in the first place. But the world is not only physics. In religion for example we have miracles, at least that's what some people think. The same story holds more or less for cosmology.
General Relativity, blessing or curse?
That's correct, but his Equivalence Principle is nothing new. It has always been present in Newtonian mechanics. It is kind of silly, for example, that the first version of Einstein's light bending theory has given exactly the same result as could have been obtained far more easily with Newtonian mechanics.
It is not at all for sure that black holes do indeed exist; it's easy to fake a supermassive black hole. (Half of) gravitational lensing is predicted by Newtonian gravitation as well. Twisting of space-time can only be there if space-time does exist überhaupt.
I have a much simpler proposal. Let gravitation be completely separated from all other forces in nature; e.g. distinct from quantum mechanics and electrodynamics. Let it be that Grand Unified Theories of the sort are beyond the scope of any future research. Then we are finally finished with this.
Newton's gravitation, combined with the Variable Mass Theory, works fine for me.
Yes, we know that it has given rise to MOND( = UAC). |
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I do not like to mix religion with science because science does not show some restraint.
Elements of religion will be needed more than ever in the future, let it be in a more rational / less dogmatic form.
Take a look at the thread Lerner discussed on the Joe Rogan podcast, especially the second video at 12:00:
In science, someone is guilty until the contrary has been proven. Verified by who? I haven't seen anything yet but empty claims. |
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@carlosbelcech, I do not believe this to be factual. Can you provide references? |
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"The presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. Any matter that falls onto a black hole can form an external accretion disk heated by friction, forming quasars, some of the brightest objects in the universe. Stars passing too close to a supermassive black hole can be shredded into streamers that shine very brightly before being "swallowed."[11] If other stars are orbiting a black hole, their orbits can be used to determine the black hole's mass and location. Such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as neutron stars. In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary systems and established that the radio source known as Sagittarius A*, at the core of the Milky Way galaxy, contains a supermassive black hole of about 4.3 million solar masses." To the previous paragraph I cutted from Wikipedia. Perhaps the best hint is in the attachment. |
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Just as I thought, nowhere is there a measurement of an observed radius for the “unseen object”. The article says:
I.E., the “black hole” is inferred from theory, not from observation. Now, they may call “black hole” anything unseen all they want, there remains that a “black hole”, from its exact definition, is a mass with a size smaller than its Schwarzschild radius. Period. And such an object has never been observed. Black holes do not exist. |
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@HanDeBruijn I'm sure Joe Rogan made a mistake, he meant to say "Religion wants you to believe in one miracle: the Big Bang" since Big Bang cosmology is not science. |
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A few more references are needed to support all the statements you make. However this is good, I hope you will consider publishing this or posting it on the ACG Essays webpage.
Specify that this is a photometric redshift.
In other words, gravity is compensated by the ponderomotive force generated by the momentum lost during redshifting (or @sahil5d's Hubble-force), so the cosmological constant is superfluous.
For references and footnotes, you can type Which would appear as: Footnotes
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There is no going away of the galaxies, no expansion of the space, no acceleration. We must begin with that in the physics of cosmology. Then we are free to make the right physics of the galaxies, their ages and developments and distribution. |
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Then we know what the redshift means. |
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Hello Olli. Louis and me think that the ponderomotive scattering can be an acceptable explanation but must than probe it. |
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Well, I just remind to keep in mind the fundamentals, you know very well that I don't know the higher mathematics or physics. We know there is no expansion and no beginning for the whole universe, so let's not be shy in that in scientific community. And we know what is the scientific method: the reality is like it is, the theories are changing. We make theories and test them, rational knowledge is as important as the empirical science. The cosmology is always philosophy and astronomy together etc. We know the photos of the deep sky, we know the maps of the galaxies. The redshift goes to that context, not to to the context of BB. Or the context of the GR only. So I like your changes in the fundamental physics. |
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Thank you @OlliSant |
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Cosmology is not only physics. It is always philosophy and astronomy together. Otherwise it goes to a wrong direction as has happened now, and this continues, if we think that cosmology is an empirical science only and if the philosophy in cosmology is empiricism and naturalism and positivism. |
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Hello I sharing a work in process for to debate.
Carlos.
PD: I do not checked the English.
Towards a Radical Change in Fundamental Physics
The expansion of space is a fundamental property of the current cosmological model known as Lambda CDM. In this framework, the space is integrated within a space-time continuum to which is attributed the characteristic of stretching or curving based on the presence of matter and energy. Both properties of this continuum are represented by the FLRW metric, that is one of the solved instances of curved configurations within the Theory of General Relativity. The Lambda CDM model is also referred to as the concordance model due to its aim of reaching optimal agreement with astronomical observations. Essentially, this theoretical model seeks to provide a physical explanation for phenomena like astronomical redshift, the cosmic microwave background, and the excess rotational velocity of galaxies, including our own Milky Way.
The launch of the JW telescope has enabled us to extend our observational scope to distances previously unexplored, revealing galaxies even with redshift values above z=20. Within the timeline of the Lambda CDM model, this corresponds to objects less than 500 million years from the initial event. These observations of mature stars, galaxies, and astronomical structures at this distance do not align with the predictions of the current model. This evidence has led to the subjecting of standard cosmology to a process of critique and revision [Ref]. The growing evidence from new astronomical surveys, spanning an increasingly remote horizon, does not support the hypothesis of an initial event in the 20-billion-year range. This poses a significant challenge to the scenario outlined by the Lambda CDM model. This new evidence adds to previously known data that cast doubt on the "agreement" between this scenario and the characteristics of stars, galaxies, and clusters.
Additionally, the improvements of stimulated emission beam technology (such as lasers) and the observation of interaction phenomena between electromagnetic radiation and matter, which were unknown half a century ago, in conjunction with the theoretical progress of optics and interferometry, now allow for a more precise description of various interaction phenomena between radiation and matter, which were unknown when the hypothesis of the expansion of space as an explanation for astronomical redshift was consolidated.
In essence, we now understand that radiation-matter interaction processes like Compton scattering or ponderomotive scattering are more complex and varied than what was assumed in the mid-20th century. This lends support to the hypothesis that astronomical redshift is an optical phenomenon, or more generally, an electromagnetic phenomenon. We now possess laboratory-scale experimental evidence of phenomena like the Kapitza-Dirac effect, used to diffract a high-energy electron beam through a "grid" of laser beams. In this experiment, a transfer of energy from the laser radiation fields to electrons is observed, with no deviations in the original trajectories of the interacting photons. Thereby, due to their interaction with the electrons, the photons are "transferred" from the higher frequency beam to the lower frequency beam.
Regarding the representation of the space-time continuum, the concepts of curvature and stretching of space, which are highly appreciated by theorists, exhibit some significant inconsistencies in relation to well-established principles across all natural domains. I am referring to the conservation of energy and momentum. Both principles indicate that certain fundamental regularities of the actual world are independent of the spatial and temporal location of natural phenomena. Instead, in "curved" spaces or spaces with intrinsic motion (as in the case of expansion), neither energy nor momentum are conserved, which contradicts our descriptions of nature. This inconsistency is addressed within the framework of General Relativity by postulating that conservation principles would only be applicable at scales where continuum curvature is not appreciable, when the space-time tends to be flat.
Dark energy and the cosmological constant.
Perhaps the concepts of dark energy and the cosmological constant are the most disruptive notions in Cosmology. Both concepts propose different fields, omnipresent in all space whose existence is not associated with any source. Both ideas clash with the experimental evidence that proves that the known non-radiant fields (such as the electro-magnetic or the gravitational) exist associated with a source.
The cosmological constant is a parameter of the model associated with the energy density of the vacuum, resulting from different quantum fields (among which the Higgs field would be found) and its theoretical representation presents practically irresolvable drawbacks.
On the other hand, dark energy has the peculiarity that its value does not change with expansion, which is a flagrant violation of the Principle of Conservation of Energy. Furthermore, the model assumes another type of field to explain the inflationary expansion phase of the initial stage.
Additionally, a quantum field associated with dark matter has also been proposed, in order to incorporate this type of matter into the evolutionary process described by Lambda CDM.
The flaws of the Theory of General Relativity.
The Theory of Special Relativity describes the space-time continuum as a 4-dimensional (pseudo-Euclidean) flat space. This variety of space-time has the peculiarity that it is consistent with conservation principles and physical laws. At the beginning of the 20th century it was not possible to incorporate the effects of the gravitational field on the relative motion of bodies in the framework of pseudo-Euclidean space-time. Einstein resorted to an interpretation of the Equivalence Principle to equiparate accelerated systems with systems immersed in a gravitational field and, using the equality between inertial and gravitational mass, he argued that the gravitational force is in fact an inertial force operating on massive objects moving in a curved space. This postulate is the starting point of the Theory of General Relativity. According to this theory, a charge in free fall in a space curved by a gravitational field should not emit electromagnetic radiation, but if the charge falls in a Minkowski space-time, it should emit radiation. In fact, the Equivalence Principle could be verified experimentally by tests with accelerated charges in a strong gravitational field, but in the absence of experimental evidence, this point has opened an intense theoretical debate that has not yet been settled. The Theory of General Relativity is a theory of gravitation that represents the gravitational interaction as a force mediated by a space-time curved by its matter and energy content. Despite its great achievements, including the mathematical description of expanding space, and having anticipated phenomena such as black holes, gravitational radiation, the lensing effect of massive bodies and the gravito-magnetic effect (twisting of space-time by a rotating massive body) it still has unresolved fundamental inconsistencies. There is the problem of the violation of conservation principles and the consequences this entails. The curvature of space has given rise to misconceptions such as, for example, the possibility of the existence of hyperspaces of more than 3 dimensions and even the existence of parallel universes. It is clear that these speculative approaches in which new degrees of freedom of motion are attributed to matter lead to scenarios in which the known laws of physics are not fulfilled.
On the other hand, attempts to integrate General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics into the same conceptual framework have not produced consistent physics. It is very difficult to generate a coherent idea of a quantized curved space-time. The various String Theories and similars approaches are evidence of these problems.
The need for a new Theory of Gravitation.
At the end of the 20th century, the Soviet physicist Anatoly Logunov proposed a way of integrating gravitation into the Theory of Special Relativity. From the resolution of the Principle of Minimum Action he was able to derive the field equations, understanding the gravitational field as a physical field similar to the electromagnetic one, in the sense that both are fields produced by sources emitting and absorbing carrier particles (virtual photons and gravitons) moving in a Minkowski space-time. This approach gave origin to the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation. In this theory the distortions produced in the relative motion of bodies, due to the presence of a gravitational field, can be represented by Riemannian metrics, but in this case, it is only a mathematical tool. In this framework, the problem of the violation of conservation principles and the antagonism between quantum mechanics and gravitation is solved. Space-time and matter in motion regain their complementary nature, as space-time is stripped of the characteristics of matter, such as motion, expansion or energy. The quantum nature of gravity, now verified, acquires a theoretical representation in some respects similar to that of the electromagnetic field, and the need to quantize the curvature of space can be dispensed with. In this framework, the gravitational lensing effect, gravitational radiation and the existence of black holes can also be described. The RTG allows to derive relations between gravitational and gravito-magnetic aspects similar to Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism. In spite of these advantages, Anatoly Logunov could not complete a comprehensive and consistent theory of gravitation, due, in my opinion, to the adherence to the Big Bang model, so that, at the moment, it is an incomplete theory. Nevertheless, it is my purpose to propose that the foundations of RTG are correct, in the sense that Minkowski space-time is a representation consistent with physical laws and that the Newtonian concept of the gravitational field can be recovered as a physical field that does not bends space. These arguments provide us a way of solving the major theoretical problems of contemporary fundamental physics.
Alternative cosmology and fundamental physics.
The JW observations deepen the questioning of the current cosmological model and open up the possibility of a consistent perspective on the origin and evolution of stars, galaxies and chemical elements. A concordance model based on the available experimental evidence without the need for unsupported speculative extrapolations. At the moment, this concordance model is the Alfven-Lerner plasma model. Once the evidence supporting the optical (electromagnetic) nature of the astronomical redshift is consolidated and the notion of expanding space is discarded, a reformulation of the theory of gravitation (i.e. General Relativity) and the standard particle model is predictable. In the field of cosmology the notion of dark energy would lose its raison d'être in the same way as the cosmological constant. Einstein's original question of why matter has not collapsed under the action of gravity has another answer, it is simply that inertia stops the collapse and the resulting effect of the combination of the different interactions and the inertia of astronomical objects generates the observed dynamical structures. These structures are the product of a long but finite evolution time. A separate paragraph deserves the question of the excess rotation observed in galaxies and clusters and even in our own galaxy.
At the moment there are proposals that support a modification of the current theories of gravity. On the other hand, the Alfven-Lerner model posits that certain astronomical structures require on the order of 100 Gy to form from an initial state of cold and dilute plasma. In the particular case of the Milky Way, the possibility remains open that the stellar matter aggregations that form it (precursor structures of the galaxy such as globular clusters, dwarf galaxies or pre-existing galaxies) are older than 20 Gy. This possibility alters the population profile of possible astronomical objects, multiplying the population of old and archaic objects, such as black holes, black, white and brown stars, planets, debris, and dark and inert bodies with weak and basically undetectable signatures. Most likely, the phenomenon now attributed to dark matter has multiple causes, given the complexity of galaxy dynamics.
The Lambda CDM scenario, the standard particle model and General Relativity are integrated approaches that support each other. The Big Bang theory describes an evolutionary process of fundamental particles starting from an initial event, a state with an incalculable energy density and minimum entropy. Each family of particles, including the Higgs boson, is the product of a phase transition in which, below a certain energy density limit, the condensation of a precursor quantum field occurs. This picture, in which omnipresent fields precede matter, is contrary to the evidence. The confusion here lies in the logic of attributing to our theoretical models, which are limited approximations of physical phenomena, the role of concrete reality.
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