test.rs

//! Implementation of the test-related targets of the build system.
//!
//! This file implements the various regression test suites that we execute on
//! our CI.

use std::env;
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::ffi::OsString;
use std::fs;
use std::iter;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

use clap_complete::shells;

use crate::core::build_steps::compile;
use crate::core::build_steps::dist;
use crate::core::build_steps::doc::DocumentationFormat;
use crate::core::build_steps::llvm;
use crate::core::build_steps::synthetic_targets::MirOptPanicAbortSyntheticTarget;
use crate::core::build_steps::tool::{self, SourceType, Tool};
use crate::core::build_steps::toolstate::ToolState;
use crate::core::builder;
use crate::core::builder::crate_description;
use crate::core::builder::{Builder, Compiler, Kind, RunConfig, ShouldRun, Step};
use crate::core::config::flags::get_completion;
use crate::core::config::flags::Subcommand;
use crate::core::config::TargetSelection;
use crate::utils::exec::BootstrapCommand;
use crate::utils::helpers::{
    self, add_link_lib_path, add_rustdoc_cargo_linker_args, dylib_path, dylib_path_var,
    linker_args, linker_flags, output, t, target_supports_cranelift_backend, up_to_date,
    LldThreads,
};
use crate::utils::render_tests::{add_flags_and_try_run_tests, try_run_tests};
use crate::{envify, CLang, DocTests, GitRepo, Mode};

const ADB_TEST_DIR: &str = "/data/local/tmp/work";

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CrateBootstrap {
    path: PathBuf,
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for CrateBootstrap {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/jsondoclint")
            .path("src/tools/suggest-tests")
            .path("src/tools/replace-version-placeholder")
            .alias("tidyselftest")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        for path in run.paths {
            let path = path.assert_single_path().path.clone();
            run.builder.ensure(CrateBootstrap { host: run.target, path });
        }
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let bootstrap_host = builder.config.build;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(0, bootstrap_host);
        let mut path = self.path.to_str().unwrap();
        if path == "tidyselftest" {
            path = "src/tools/tidy";
        }

        let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolBootstrap,
            bootstrap_host,
            "test",
            path,
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );
        let crate_name = path.rsplit_once('/').unwrap().1;
        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], crate_name, crate_name, compiler, bootstrap_host, builder);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Linkcheck {
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for Linkcheck {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;

    /// Runs the `linkchecker` tool as compiled in `stage` by the `host` compiler.
    ///
    /// This tool in `src/tools` will verify the validity of all our links in the
    /// documentation to ensure we don't have a bunch of dead ones.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let host = self.host;
        let hosts = &builder.hosts;
        let targets = &builder.targets;

        // if we have different hosts and targets, some things may be built for
        // the host (e.g. rustc) and others for the target (e.g. std). The
        // documentation built for each will contain broken links to
        // docs built for the other platform (e.g. rustc linking to cargo)
        if (hosts != targets) && !hosts.is_empty() && !targets.is_empty() {
            panic!(
                "Linkcheck currently does not support builds with different hosts and targets.
You can skip linkcheck with --skip src/tools/linkchecker"
            );
        }

        builder.info(&format!("Linkcheck ({host})"));

        // Test the linkchecker itself.
        let bootstrap_host = builder.config.build;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(0, bootstrap_host);

        let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolBootstrap,
            bootstrap_host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/linkchecker",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );
        run_cargo_test(
            cargo,
            &[],
            &[],
            "linkchecker",
            "linkchecker self tests",
            compiler,
            bootstrap_host,
            builder,
        );

        if builder.doc_tests == DocTests::No {
            return;
        }

        // Build all the default documentation.
        builder.default_doc(&[]);

        // Build the linkchecker before calling `msg`, since GHA doesn't support nested groups.
        let mut linkchecker = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Linkchecker);

        // Run the linkchecker.
        let _guard =
            builder.msg(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, "Linkcheck", bootstrap_host, bootstrap_host);
        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
        builder.run_delaying_failure(linkchecker.arg(builder.out.join(host.triple).join("doc")));
    }

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        let builder = run.builder;
        let run = run.path("src/tools/linkchecker");
        run.default_condition(builder.config.docs)
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Linkcheck { host: run.target });
    }
}

fn check_if_tidy_is_installed() -> bool {
    Command::new("tidy")
        .arg("--version")
        .stdout(Stdio::null())
        .status()
        .map_or(false, |status| status.success())
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct HtmlCheck {
    target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for HtmlCheck {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        let run = run.path("src/tools/html-checker");
        run.lazy_default_condition(Box::new(check_if_tidy_is_installed))
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(HtmlCheck { target: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        if !check_if_tidy_is_installed() {
            eprintln!("not running HTML-check tool because `tidy` is missing");
            eprintln!(
                "Note that `tidy` is not the in-tree `src/tools/tidy` but needs to be installed"
            );
            panic!("Cannot run html-check tests");
        }
        // Ensure that a few different kinds of documentation are available.
        builder.default_doc(&[]);
        builder.ensure(crate::core::build_steps::doc::Rustc::new(
            builder.top_stage,
            self.target,
            builder,
        ));

        builder.run_delaying_failure(
            builder.tool_cmd(Tool::HtmlChecker).arg(builder.doc_out(self.target)),
        );
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Cargotest {
    stage: u32,
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for Cargotest {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/cargotest")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Cargotest { stage: run.builder.top_stage, host: run.target });
    }

    /// Runs the `cargotest` tool as compiled in `stage` by the `host` compiler.
    ///
    /// This tool in `src/tools` will check out a few Rust projects and run `cargo
    /// test` to ensure that we don't regress the test suites there.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = builder.compiler(self.stage, self.host);
        builder.ensure(compile::Rustc::new(compiler, compiler.host));
        let cargo = builder.ensure(tool::Cargo { compiler, target: compiler.host });

        // Note that this is a short, cryptic, and not scoped directory name. This
        // is currently to minimize the length of path on Windows where we otherwise
        // quickly run into path name limit constraints.
        let out_dir = builder.out.join("ct");
        t!(fs::create_dir_all(&out_dir));

        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
        let mut cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::CargoTest);
        let cmd = cmd
            .arg(&cargo)
            .arg(&out_dir)
            .args(builder.config.test_args())
            .env("RUSTC", builder.rustc(compiler))
            .env("RUSTDOC", builder.rustdoc(compiler));
        add_rustdoc_cargo_linker_args(cmd, builder, compiler.host, LldThreads::No);
        builder.run_delaying_failure(cmd);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Cargo {
    stage: u32,
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for Cargo {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/cargo")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Cargo { stage: run.builder.top_stage, host: run.target });
    }

    /// Runs `cargo test` for `cargo` packaged with Rust.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = builder.compiler(self.stage, self.host);

        builder.ensure(tool::Cargo { compiler, target: self.host });
        let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            self.host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/cargo",
            SourceType::Submodule,
            &[],
        );

        // NOTE: can't use `run_cargo_test` because we need to overwrite `PATH`
        let mut cargo = prepare_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "cargo", compiler, self.host, builder);

        // Don't run cross-compile tests, we may not have cross-compiled libstd libs
        // available.
        cargo.env("CFG_DISABLE_CROSS_TESTS", "1");
        // Forcibly disable tests using nightly features since any changes to
        // those features won't be able to land.
        cargo.env("CARGO_TEST_DISABLE_NIGHTLY", "1");
        cargo.env("PATH", &path_for_cargo(builder, compiler));

        #[cfg(feature = "build-metrics")]
        builder.metrics.begin_test_suite(
            build_helper::metrics::TestSuiteMetadata::CargoPackage {
                crates: vec!["cargo".into()],
                target: self.host.triple.to_string(),
                host: self.host.triple.to_string(),
                stage: self.stage,
            },
            builder,
        );

        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
        add_flags_and_try_run_tests(builder, &mut cargo);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RustAnalyzer {
    stage: u32,
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for RustAnalyzer {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/rust-analyzer")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Self { stage: run.builder.top_stage, host: run.target });
    }

    /// Runs `cargo test` for rust-analyzer
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let stage = self.stage;
        let host = self.host;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(stage, host);

        // We don't need to build the whole Rust Analyzer for the proc-macro-srv test suite,
        // but we do need the standard library to be present.
        builder.ensure(compile::Rustc::new(compiler, host));

        let workspace_path = "src/tools/rust-analyzer";
        // until the whole RA test suite runs on `i686`, we only run
        // `proc-macro-srv` tests
        let crate_path = "src/tools/rust-analyzer/crates/proc-macro-srv";
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            host,
            "test",
            crate_path,
            SourceType::InTree,
            &["in-rust-tree".to_owned()],
        );
        cargo.allow_features(tool::RustAnalyzer::ALLOW_FEATURES);

        let dir = builder.src.join(workspace_path);
        // needed by rust-analyzer to find its own text fixtures, cf.
        // https://github.com/rust-analyzer/expect-test/issues/33
        cargo.env("CARGO_WORKSPACE_DIR", &dir);

        // RA's test suite tries to write to the source directory, that can't
        // work in Rust CI
        cargo.env("SKIP_SLOW_TESTS", "1");

        cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder);
        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "rust-analyzer", "rust-analyzer", compiler, host, builder);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Rustfmt {
    stage: u32,
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for Rustfmt {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/rustfmt")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Rustfmt { stage: run.builder.top_stage, host: run.target });
    }

    /// Runs `cargo test` for rustfmt.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let stage = self.stage;
        let host = self.host;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(stage, host);

        builder.ensure(tool::Rustfmt { compiler, target: self.host, extra_features: Vec::new() });

        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/rustfmt",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );

        let dir = testdir(builder, compiler.host);
        t!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
        cargo.env("RUSTFMT_TEST_DIR", dir);

        cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder);

        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "rustfmt", "rustfmt", compiler, host, builder);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RustDemangler {
    stage: u32,
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for RustDemangler {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/rust-demangler")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(RustDemangler { stage: run.builder.top_stage, host: run.target });
    }

    /// Runs `cargo test` for rust-demangler.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let stage = self.stage;
        let host = self.host;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(stage, host);

        let rust_demangler = builder.ensure(tool::RustDemangler {
            compiler,
            target: self.host,
            extra_features: Vec::new(),
        });
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/rust-demangler",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );

        let dir = testdir(builder, compiler.host);
        t!(fs::create_dir_all(dir));

        cargo.env("RUST_DEMANGLER_DRIVER_PATH", rust_demangler);
        cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder);

        run_cargo_test(
            cargo,
            &[],
            &[],
            "rust-demangler",
            "rust-demangler",
            compiler,
            host,
            builder,
        );
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Miri {
    stage: u32,
    host: TargetSelection,
    target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Miri {
    /// Run `cargo miri setup` for the given target, return where the Miri sysroot was put.
    pub fn build_miri_sysroot(
        builder: &Builder<'_>,
        compiler: Compiler,
        miri: &Path,
        target: TargetSelection,
    ) -> String {
        let miri_sysroot = builder.out.join(compiler.host.triple).join("miri-sysroot");
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            compiler.host,
            "run",
            "src/tools/miri/cargo-miri",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );
        cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder);
        cargo.arg("--").arg("miri").arg("setup");
        cargo.arg("--target").arg(target.rustc_target_arg());

        // Tell `cargo miri setup` where to find the sources.
        cargo.env("MIRI_LIB_SRC", builder.src.join("library"));
        // Tell it where to find Miri.
        cargo.env("MIRI", miri);
        // Tell it where to put the sysroot.
        cargo.env("MIRI_SYSROOT", &miri_sysroot);
        // Debug things.
        cargo.env("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1");

        let mut cargo = Command::from(cargo);
        let _guard = builder.msg(
            Kind::Build,
            compiler.stage + 1,
            "miri sysroot",
            compiler.host,
            compiler.host,
        );
        builder.run(&mut cargo);

        // # Determine where Miri put its sysroot.
        // To this end, we run `cargo miri setup --print-sysroot` and capture the output.
        // (We do this separately from the above so that when the setup actually
        // happens we get some output.)
        // We re-use the `cargo` from above.
        cargo.arg("--print-sysroot");

        // FIXME: Is there a way in which we can re-use the usual `run` helpers?
        if builder.config.dry_run() {
            String::new()
        } else {
            builder.verbose(|| println!("running: {cargo:?}"));
            let out =
                cargo.output().expect("We already ran `cargo miri setup` before and that worked");
            assert!(out.status.success(), "`cargo miri setup` returned with non-0 exit code");
            // Output is "<sysroot>\n".
            let stdout = String::from_utf8(out.stdout)
                .expect("`cargo miri setup` stdout is not valid UTF-8");
            let sysroot = stdout.trim_end();
            builder.verbose(|| println!("`cargo miri setup --print-sysroot` said: {sysroot:?}"));
            sysroot.to_owned()
        }
    }
}

impl Step for Miri {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = false;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/miri")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Miri {
            stage: run.builder.top_stage,
            host: run.build_triple(),
            target: run.target,
        });
    }

    /// Runs `cargo test` for miri.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let stage = self.stage;
        let host = self.host;
        let target = self.target;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(stage, host);
        // We need the stdlib for the *next* stage, as it was built with this compiler that also built Miri.
        // Except if we are at stage 2, the bootstrap loop is complete and we can stick with our current stage.
        let compiler_std = builder.compiler(if stage < 2 { stage + 1 } else { stage }, host);

        let miri =
            builder.ensure(tool::Miri { compiler, target: self.host, extra_features: Vec::new() });
        let _cargo_miri = builder.ensure(tool::CargoMiri {
            compiler,
            target: self.host,
            extra_features: Vec::new(),
        });
        // The stdlib we need might be at a different stage. And just asking for the
        // sysroot does not seem to populate it, so we do that first.
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler_std, host));
        let sysroot = builder.sysroot(compiler_std);
        // We also need a Miri sysroot.
        let miri_sysroot = Miri::build_miri_sysroot(builder, compiler, &miri, target);

        // # Run `cargo test`.
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/miri",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );
        let _guard = builder.msg_sysroot_tool(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, "miri", host, target);

        cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder);

        // miri tests need to know about the stage sysroot
        cargo.env("MIRI_SYSROOT", &miri_sysroot);
        cargo.env("MIRI_HOST_SYSROOT", &sysroot);
        cargo.env("MIRI", &miri);
        if builder.config.locked_deps {
            // enforce lockfiles
            cargo.env("CARGO_EXTRA_FLAGS", "--locked");
        }

        // Set the target.
        cargo.env("MIRI_TEST_TARGET", target.rustc_target_arg());

        // This can NOT be `run_cargo_test` since the Miri test runner
        // does not understand the flags added by `add_flags_and_try_run_test`.
        let mut cargo = prepare_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "miri", compiler, target, builder);
        {
            let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
            builder.run(&mut cargo);
        }

        // Run it again for mir-opt-level 4 to catch some miscompilations.
        if builder.config.test_args().is_empty() {
            cargo.env("MIRIFLAGS", "-O -Zmir-opt-level=4 -Cdebug-assertions=yes");
            // Optimizations can change backtraces
            cargo.env("MIRI_SKIP_UI_CHECKS", "1");
            // `MIRI_SKIP_UI_CHECKS` and `RUSTC_BLESS` are incompatible
            cargo.env_remove("RUSTC_BLESS");
            // Optimizations can change error locations and remove UB so don't run `fail` tests.
            cargo.args(["tests/pass", "tests/panic"]);

            let mut cargo = prepare_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "miri", compiler, target, builder);
            {
                let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
                builder.run(&mut cargo);
            }
        }

        // # Run `cargo miri test`.
        // This is just a smoke test (Miri's own CI invokes this in a bunch of different ways and ensures
        // that we get the desired output), but that is sufficient to make sure that the libtest harness
        // itself executes properly under Miri.
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            host,
            "run",
            "src/tools/miri/cargo-miri",
            SourceType::Submodule,
            &[],
        );
        cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder);
        cargo.arg("--").arg("miri").arg("test");
        if builder.config.locked_deps {
            cargo.arg("--locked");
        }
        cargo
            .arg("--manifest-path")
            .arg(builder.src.join("src/tools/miri/test-cargo-miri/Cargo.toml"));
        cargo.arg("--target").arg(target.rustc_target_arg());
        cargo.arg("--tests"); // don't run doctests, they are too confused by the staging
        cargo.arg("--").args(builder.config.test_args());

        // Tell `cargo miri` where to find things.
        cargo.env("MIRI_SYSROOT", &miri_sysroot);
        cargo.env("MIRI_HOST_SYSROOT", sysroot);
        cargo.env("MIRI", &miri);
        // Debug things.
        cargo.env("RUST_BACKTRACE", "1");

        let mut cargo = Command::from(cargo);
        {
            let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
            builder.run(&mut cargo);
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CompiletestTest {
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for CompiletestTest {
    type Output = ();

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/compiletest")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(CompiletestTest { host: run.target });
    }

    /// Runs `cargo test` for compiletest.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let host = self.host;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(builder.top_stage, host);

        // We need `ToolStd` for the locally-built sysroot because
        // compiletest uses unstable features of the `test` crate.
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, host));
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolStd,
            host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/compiletest",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );
        cargo.allow_features("test");
        run_cargo_test(
            cargo,
            &[],
            &[],
            "compiletest",
            "compiletest self test",
            compiler,
            host,
            builder,
        );
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Clippy {
    stage: u32,
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for Clippy {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;
    const DEFAULT: bool = false;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/clippy")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Clippy { stage: run.builder.top_stage, host: run.target });
    }

    /// Runs `cargo test` for clippy.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let stage = self.stage;
        let host = self.host;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(stage, host);

        builder.ensure(tool::Clippy { compiler, target: self.host, extra_features: Vec::new() });
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/clippy",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );

        cargo.env("RUSTC_TEST_SUITE", builder.rustc(compiler));
        cargo.env("RUSTC_LIB_PATH", builder.rustc_libdir(compiler));
        let host_libs = builder.stage_out(compiler, Mode::ToolRustc).join(builder.cargo_dir());
        cargo.env("HOST_LIBS", host_libs);

        cargo.add_rustc_lib_path(builder);
        let mut cargo = prepare_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "clippy", compiler, host, builder);

        let _guard = builder.msg_sysroot_tool(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, "clippy", host, host);

        // Clippy reports errors if it blessed the outputs
        if builder.run_cmd(BootstrapCommand::from(&mut cargo).allow_failure()) {
            // The tests succeeded; nothing to do.
            return;
        }

        if !builder.config.cmd.bless() {
            crate::exit!(1);
        }
    }
}

fn path_for_cargo(builder: &Builder<'_>, compiler: Compiler) -> OsString {
    // Configure PATH to find the right rustc. NB. we have to use PATH
    // and not RUSTC because the Cargo test suite has tests that will
    // fail if rustc is not spelled `rustc`.
    let path = builder.sysroot(compiler).join("bin");
    let old_path = env::var_os("PATH").unwrap_or_default();
    env::join_paths(iter::once(path).chain(env::split_paths(&old_path))).expect("")
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct RustdocTheme {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
}

impl Step for RustdocTheme {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/rustdoc-themes")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.target);

        run.builder.ensure(RustdocTheme { compiler });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let rustdoc = builder.bootstrap_out.join("rustdoc");
        let mut cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::RustdocTheme);
        cmd.arg(rustdoc.to_str().unwrap())
            .arg(builder.src.join("src/librustdoc/html/static/css/rustdoc.css").to_str().unwrap())
            .env("RUSTC_STAGE", self.compiler.stage.to_string())
            .env("RUSTC_SYSROOT", builder.sysroot(self.compiler))
            .env("RUSTDOC_LIBDIR", builder.sysroot_libdir(self.compiler, self.compiler.host))
            .env("CFG_RELEASE_CHANNEL", &builder.config.channel)
            .env("RUSTDOC_REAL", builder.rustdoc(self.compiler))
            .env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1");
        cmd.args(linker_args(builder, self.compiler.host, LldThreads::No));

        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct RustdocJSStd {
    pub target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for RustdocJSStd {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        let default = run.builder.config.nodejs.is_some();
        run.suite_path("tests/rustdoc-js-std").default_condition(default)
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(RustdocJSStd { target: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let nodejs =
            builder.config.nodejs.as_ref().expect("need nodejs to run rustdoc-js-std tests");
        let mut command = Command::new(nodejs);
        command
            .arg(builder.src.join("src/tools/rustdoc-js/tester.js"))
            .arg("--crate-name")
            .arg("std")
            .arg("--resource-suffix")
            .arg(&builder.version)
            .arg("--doc-folder")
            .arg(builder.doc_out(self.target))
            .arg("--test-folder")
            .arg(builder.src.join("tests/rustdoc-js-std"));
        for path in &builder.paths {
            if let Some(p) = helpers::is_valid_test_suite_arg(path, "tests/rustdoc-js-std", builder)
            {
                if !p.ends_with(".js") {
                    eprintln!("A non-js file was given: `{}`", path.display());
                    panic!("Cannot run rustdoc-js-std tests");
                }
                command.arg("--test-file").arg(path);
            }
        }
        builder.ensure(crate::core::build_steps::doc::Std::new(
            builder.top_stage,
            self.target,
            builder,
            DocumentationFormat::HTML,
        ));
        let _guard = builder.msg(
            Kind::Test,
            builder.top_stage,
            "rustdoc-js-std",
            builder.config.build,
            self.target,
        );
        builder.run(&mut command);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct RustdocJSNotStd {
    pub target: TargetSelection,
    pub compiler: Compiler,
}

impl Step for RustdocJSNotStd {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        let default = run.builder.config.nodejs.is_some();
        run.suite_path("tests/rustdoc-js").default_condition(default)
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());
        run.builder.ensure(RustdocJSNotStd { target: run.target, compiler });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        builder.ensure(Compiletest {
            compiler: self.compiler,
            target: self.target,
            mode: "js-doc-test",
            suite: "rustdoc-js",
            path: "tests/rustdoc-js",
            compare_mode: None,
        });
    }
}

fn get_browser_ui_test_version_inner(npm: &Path, global: bool) -> Option<String> {
    let mut command = Command::new(npm);
    command.arg("list").arg("--parseable").arg("--long").arg("--depth=0");
    if global {
        command.arg("--global");
    }
    let lines = command
        .output()
        .map(|output| String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).into_owned())
        .unwrap_or_default();
    lines
        .lines()
        .find_map(|l| l.split(':').nth(1)?.strip_prefix("browser-ui-test@"))
        .map(|v| v.to_owned())
}

fn get_browser_ui_test_version(npm: &Path) -> Option<String> {
    get_browser_ui_test_version_inner(npm, false)
        .or_else(|| get_browser_ui_test_version_inner(npm, true))
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct RustdocGUI {
    pub target: TargetSelection,
    pub compiler: Compiler,
}

impl Step for RustdocGUI {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        let builder = run.builder;
        let run = run.suite_path("tests/rustdoc-gui");
        run.lazy_default_condition(Box::new(move || {
            builder.config.nodejs.is_some()
                && builder.doc_tests != DocTests::Only
                && builder
                    .config
                    .npm
                    .as_ref()
                    .map(|p| get_browser_ui_test_version(p).is_some())
                    .unwrap_or(false)
        }))
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());
        run.builder.ensure(RustdocGUI { target: run.target, compiler });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(self.compiler, self.target));

        let mut cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::RustdocGUITest);

        let out_dir = builder.test_out(self.target).join("rustdoc-gui");
        builder.clear_if_dirty(&out_dir, &builder.rustdoc(self.compiler));

        if let Some(src) = builder.config.src.to_str() {
            cmd.arg("--rust-src").arg(src);
        }

        if let Some(out_dir) = out_dir.to_str() {
            cmd.arg("--out-dir").arg(out_dir);
        }

        if let Some(initial_cargo) = builder.config.initial_cargo.to_str() {
            cmd.arg("--initial-cargo").arg(initial_cargo);
        }

        cmd.arg("--jobs").arg(builder.jobs().to_string());

        cmd.env("RUSTDOC", builder.rustdoc(self.compiler))
            .env("RUSTC", builder.rustc(self.compiler));

        add_rustdoc_cargo_linker_args(&mut cmd, builder, self.compiler.host, LldThreads::No);

        for path in &builder.paths {
            if let Some(p) = helpers::is_valid_test_suite_arg(path, "tests/rustdoc-gui", builder) {
                if !p.ends_with(".goml") {
                    eprintln!("A non-goml file was given: `{}`", path.display());
                    panic!("Cannot run rustdoc-gui tests");
                }
                if let Some(name) = path.file_name().and_then(|f| f.to_str()) {
                    cmd.arg("--goml-file").arg(name);
                }
            }
        }

        for test_arg in builder.config.test_args() {
            cmd.arg("--test-arg").arg(test_arg);
        }

        if let Some(ref nodejs) = builder.config.nodejs {
            cmd.arg("--nodejs").arg(nodejs);
        }

        if let Some(ref npm) = builder.config.npm {
            cmd.arg("--npm").arg(npm);
        }

        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
        let _guard = builder.msg_sysroot_tool(
            Kind::Test,
            self.compiler.stage,
            "rustdoc-gui",
            self.compiler.host,
            self.target,
        );
        try_run_tests(builder, &mut cmd, true);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Tidy;

impl Step for Tidy {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    /// Runs the `tidy` tool.
    ///
    /// This tool in `src/tools` checks up on various bits and pieces of style and
    /// otherwise just implements a few lint-like checks that are specific to the
    /// compiler itself.
    ///
    /// Once tidy passes, this step also runs `fmt --check` if tests are being run
    /// for the `dev` or `nightly` channels.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let mut cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Tidy);
        cmd.arg(&builder.src);
        cmd.arg(&builder.initial_cargo);
        cmd.arg(&builder.out);
        // Tidy is heavily IO constrained. Still respect `-j`, but use a higher limit if `jobs` hasn't been configured.
        let jobs = builder.config.jobs.unwrap_or_else(|| {
            8 * std::thread::available_parallelism().map_or(1, std::num::NonZeroUsize::get) as u32
        });
        cmd.arg(jobs.to_string());
        if builder.is_verbose() {
            cmd.arg("--verbose");
        }
        if builder.config.cmd.bless() {
            cmd.arg("--bless");
        }
        if let Some(s) = builder.config.cmd.extra_checks() {
            cmd.arg(format!("--extra-checks={s}"));
        }
        let mut args = std::env::args_os();
        if args.any(|arg| arg == OsStr::new("--")) {
            cmd.arg("--");
            cmd.args(args);
        }

        if builder.config.channel == "dev" || builder.config.channel == "nightly" {
            builder.info("fmt check");
            if builder.initial_rustfmt().is_none() {
                let inferred_rustfmt_dir = builder.initial_rustc.parent().unwrap();
                eprintln!(
                    "\
ERROR: no `rustfmt` binary found in {PATH}
INFO: `rust.channel` is currently set to \"{CHAN}\"
HELP: if you are testing a beta branch, set `rust.channel` to \"beta\" in the `config.toml` file
HELP: to skip test's attempt to check tidiness, pass `--skip src/tools/tidy` to `x.py test`",
                    PATH = inferred_rustfmt_dir.display(),
                    CHAN = builder.config.channel,
                );
                crate::exit!(1);
            }
            crate::core::build_steps::format::format(builder, !builder.config.cmd.bless(), &[]);
        }

        builder.info("tidy check");
        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd);

        builder.ensure(ExpandYamlAnchors);

        builder.info("x.py completions check");
        let [bash, zsh, fish, powershell] = ["x.py.sh", "x.py.zsh", "x.py.fish", "x.py.ps1"]
            .map(|filename| builder.src.join("src/etc/completions").join(filename));
        if builder.config.cmd.bless() {
            builder.ensure(crate::core::build_steps::run::GenerateCompletions);
        } else if get_completion(shells::Bash, &bash).is_some()
            || get_completion(shells::Fish, &fish).is_some()
            || get_completion(shells::PowerShell, &powershell).is_some()
            || crate::flags::get_completion(shells::Zsh, &zsh).is_some()
        {
            eprintln!(
                "x.py completions were changed; run `x.py run generate-completions` to update them"
            );
            crate::exit!(1);
        }
    }

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        let default = run.builder.doc_tests != DocTests::Only;
        run.path("src/tools/tidy").default_condition(default)
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Tidy);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct ExpandYamlAnchors;

impl Step for ExpandYamlAnchors {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    /// Ensure the `generate-ci-config` tool was run locally.
    ///
    /// The tool in `src/tools` reads the CI definition in `src/ci/builders.yml` and generates the
    /// appropriate configuration for all our CI providers. This step ensures the tool was called
    /// by the user before committing CI changes.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        // NOTE: `.github/` is not included in dist-src tarballs
        if !builder.src.join(".github/workflows/ci.yml").exists() {
            builder.info("Skipping YAML anchors check: GitHub Actions config not found");
            return;
        }
        builder.info("Ensuring the YAML anchors in the GitHub Actions config were expanded");
        builder.run_delaying_failure(
            builder.tool_cmd(Tool::ExpandYamlAnchors).arg("check").arg(&builder.src),
        );
    }

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/expand-yaml-anchors")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(ExpandYamlAnchors);
    }
}

fn testdir(builder: &Builder<'_>, host: TargetSelection) -> PathBuf {
    builder.out.join(host.triple).join("test")
}

macro_rules! default_test {
    ($name:ident { path: $path:expr, mode: $mode:expr, suite: $suite:expr }) => {
        test!($name { path: $path, mode: $mode, suite: $suite, default: true, host: false });
    };
}

macro_rules! default_test_with_compare_mode {
    ($name:ident { path: $path:expr, mode: $mode:expr, suite: $suite:expr,
                   compare_mode: $compare_mode:expr }) => {
        test_with_compare_mode!($name {
            path: $path,
            mode: $mode,
            suite: $suite,
            default: true,
            host: false,
            compare_mode: $compare_mode
        });
    };
}

macro_rules! host_test {
    ($name:ident { path: $path:expr, mode: $mode:expr, suite: $suite:expr }) => {
        test!($name { path: $path, mode: $mode, suite: $suite, default: true, host: true });
    };
}

macro_rules! test {
    ($name:ident { path: $path:expr, mode: $mode:expr, suite: $suite:expr, default: $default:expr,
                   host: $host:expr }) => {
        test_definitions!($name {
            path: $path,
            mode: $mode,
            suite: $suite,
            default: $default,
            host: $host,
            compare_mode: None
        });
    };
}

macro_rules! test_with_compare_mode {
    ($name:ident { path: $path:expr, mode: $mode:expr, suite: $suite:expr, default: $default:expr,
                   host: $host:expr, compare_mode: $compare_mode:expr }) => {
        test_definitions!($name {
            path: $path,
            mode: $mode,
            suite: $suite,
            default: $default,
            host: $host,
            compare_mode: Some($compare_mode)
        });
    };
}

macro_rules! test_definitions {
    ($name:ident {
        path: $path:expr,
        mode: $mode:expr,
        suite: $suite:expr,
        default: $default:expr,
        host: $host:expr,
        compare_mode: $compare_mode:expr
    }) => {
        #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
        pub struct $name {
            pub compiler: Compiler,
            pub target: TargetSelection,
        }

        impl Step for $name {
            type Output = ();
            const DEFAULT: bool = $default;
            const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = $host;

            fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
                run.suite_path($path)
            }

            fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
                let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());

                run.builder.ensure($name { compiler, target: run.target });
            }

            fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
                builder.ensure(Compiletest {
                    compiler: self.compiler,
                    target: self.target,
                    mode: $mode,
                    suite: $suite,
                    path: $path,
                    compare_mode: $compare_mode,
                })
            }
        }
    };
}

/// Declares an alias for running the [`Coverage`] tests in only one mode.
/// Adapted from [`test_definitions`].
macro_rules! coverage_test_alias {
    ($name:ident {
        alias_and_mode: $alias_and_mode:expr, // &'static str
        default: $default:expr, // bool
        only_hosts: $only_hosts:expr $(,)? // bool
    }) => {
        #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
        pub struct $name {
            pub compiler: Compiler,
            pub target: TargetSelection,
        }

        impl $name {
            const MODE: &'static str = $alias_and_mode;
        }

        impl Step for $name {
            type Output = ();
            const DEFAULT: bool = $default;
            const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = $only_hosts;

            fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
                // Register the mode name as a command-line alias.
                // This allows `x test coverage-map` and `x test coverage-run`.
                run.alias($alias_and_mode)
            }

            fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
                let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());

                run.builder.ensure($name { compiler, target: run.target });
            }

            fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
                Coverage::run_coverage_tests(builder, self.compiler, self.target, Self::MODE);
            }
        }
    };
}

#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
pub struct RunMakeSupport {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
    pub target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for RunMakeSupport {
    type Output = PathBuf;
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.never()
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());
        run.builder.ensure(RunMakeSupport { compiler, target: run.build_triple() });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) -> PathBuf {
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(self.compiler, self.target));

        let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            self.compiler,
            Mode::ToolStd,
            self.target,
            "build",
            "src/tools/run-make-support",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );

        let mut cargo = Command::from(cargo);
        builder.run(&mut cargo);

        let lib_name = "librun_make_support.rlib";
        let lib = builder.tools_dir(self.compiler).join(&lib_name);

        let cargo_out =
            builder.cargo_out(self.compiler, Mode::ToolStd, self.target).join(&lib_name);
        builder.copy_link(&cargo_out, &lib);
        lib
    }
}

default_test!(Ui { path: "tests/ui", mode: "ui", suite: "ui" });

default_test!(RunPassValgrind {
    path: "tests/run-pass-valgrind",
    mode: "run-pass-valgrind",
    suite: "run-pass-valgrind"
});

default_test!(Codegen { path: "tests/codegen", mode: "codegen", suite: "codegen" });

default_test!(CodegenUnits {
    path: "tests/codegen-units",
    mode: "codegen-units",
    suite: "codegen-units"
});

default_test!(Incremental { path: "tests/incremental", mode: "incremental", suite: "incremental" });

default_test_with_compare_mode!(Debuginfo {
    path: "tests/debuginfo",
    mode: "debuginfo",
    suite: "debuginfo",
    compare_mode: "split-dwarf"
});

host_test!(UiFullDeps { path: "tests/ui-fulldeps", mode: "ui", suite: "ui-fulldeps" });

host_test!(Rustdoc { path: "tests/rustdoc", mode: "rustdoc", suite: "rustdoc" });
host_test!(RustdocUi { path: "tests/rustdoc-ui", mode: "ui", suite: "rustdoc-ui" });

host_test!(RustdocJson { path: "tests/rustdoc-json", mode: "rustdoc-json", suite: "rustdoc-json" });

host_test!(Pretty { path: "tests/pretty", mode: "pretty", suite: "pretty" });

// Special-handling is needed for `run-make`, so don't use `default_test` for defining `RunMake`
// tests.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RunMake {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
    pub target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for RunMake {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = false;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.suite_path("tests/run-make")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());
        run.builder.ensure(RunMakeSupport { compiler, target: run.build_triple() });
        run.builder.ensure(RunMake { compiler, target: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        builder.ensure(Compiletest {
            compiler: self.compiler,
            target: self.target,
            mode: "run-make",
            suite: "run-make",
            path: "tests/run-make",
            compare_mode: None,
        });
    }
}

host_test!(RunMakeFullDeps {
    path: "tests/run-make-fulldeps",
    mode: "run-make",
    suite: "run-make-fulldeps"
});

default_test!(Assembly { path: "tests/assembly", mode: "assembly", suite: "assembly" });

/// Coverage tests are a bit more complicated than other test suites, because
/// we want to run the same set of test files in multiple different modes,
/// in a way that's convenient and flexible when invoked manually.
///
/// This combined step runs the specified tests (or all of `tests/coverage`)
/// in both "coverage-map" and "coverage-run" modes.
///
/// Used by:
/// - `x test coverage`
/// - `x test tests/coverage`
/// - `x test tests/coverage/trivial.rs` (etc)
///
/// (Each individual mode also has its own step that will run the tests in
/// just that mode.)
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Coverage {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
    pub target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Coverage {
    const PATH: &'static str = "tests/coverage";
    const SUITE: &'static str = "coverage";

    /// Runs the coverage test suite (or a user-specified subset) in one mode.
    ///
    /// This same function is used by the multi-mode step ([`Coverage`]) and by
    /// the single-mode steps ([`CoverageMap`] and [`CoverageRun`]), to help
    /// ensure that they all behave consistently with each other, regardless of
    /// how the coverage tests have been invoked.
    fn run_coverage_tests(
        builder: &Builder<'_>,
        compiler: Compiler,
        target: TargetSelection,
        mode: &'static str,
    ) {
        // Like many other test steps, we delegate to a `Compiletest` step to
        // actually run the tests. (See `test_definitions!`.)
        builder.ensure(Compiletest {
            compiler,
            target,
            mode,
            suite: Self::SUITE,
            path: Self::PATH,
            compare_mode: None,
        });
    }
}

impl Step for Coverage {
    type Output = ();
    // We rely on the individual CoverageMap/CoverageRun steps to run themselves.
    const DEFAULT: bool = false;
    // When manually invoked, try to run as much as possible.
    // Compiletest will automatically skip the "coverage-run" tests if necessary.
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = false;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        // Take responsibility for command-line paths within `tests/coverage`.
        run.suite_path(Self::PATH)
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());

        run.builder.ensure(Coverage { compiler, target: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        // Run the specified coverage tests (possibly all of them) in both modes.
        Self::run_coverage_tests(builder, self.compiler, self.target, CoverageMap::MODE);
        Self::run_coverage_tests(builder, self.compiler, self.target, CoverageRun::MODE);
    }
}

// Runs `tests/coverage` in "coverage-map" mode only.
// Used by `x test` and `x test coverage-map`.
coverage_test_alias!(CoverageMap {
    alias_and_mode: "coverage-map",
    default: true,
    only_hosts: false,
});
// Runs `tests/coverage` in "coverage-run" mode only.
// Used by `x test` and `x test coverage-run`.
coverage_test_alias!(CoverageRun {
    alias_and_mode: "coverage-run",
    default: true,
    // Compiletest knows how to automatically skip these tests when cross-compiling,
    // but skipping the whole step here makes it clearer that they haven't run at all.
    only_hosts: true,
});

host_test!(CoverageRunRustdoc {
    path: "tests/coverage-run-rustdoc",
    mode: "coverage-run",
    suite: "coverage-run-rustdoc"
});

// For the mir-opt suite we do not use macros, as we need custom behavior when blessing.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct MirOpt {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
    pub target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for MirOpt {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = false;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.suite_path("tests/mir-opt")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.build_triple());
        run.builder.ensure(MirOpt { compiler, target: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let run = |target| {
            builder.ensure(Compiletest {
                compiler: self.compiler,
                target,
                mode: "mir-opt",
                suite: "mir-opt",
                path: "tests/mir-opt",
                compare_mode: None,
            })
        };

        run(self.target);

        // Run more targets with `--bless`. But we always run the host target first, since some
        // tests use very specific `only` clauses that are not covered by the target set below.
        if builder.config.cmd.bless() {
            // All that we really need to do is cover all combinations of 32/64-bit and unwind/abort,
            // but while we're at it we might as well flex our cross-compilation support. This
            // selection covers all our tier 1 operating systems and architectures using only tier
            // 1 targets.

            for target in ["aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu", "i686-pc-windows-msvc"] {
                run(TargetSelection::from_user(target));
            }

            for target in ["x86_64-apple-darwin", "i686-unknown-linux-musl"] {
                let target = TargetSelection::from_user(target);
                let panic_abort_target = builder.ensure(MirOptPanicAbortSyntheticTarget {
                    compiler: self.compiler,
                    base: target,
                });
                run(panic_abort_target);
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
struct Compiletest {
    compiler: Compiler,
    target: TargetSelection,
    mode: &'static str,
    suite: &'static str,
    path: &'static str,
    compare_mode: Option<&'static str>,
}

impl Step for Compiletest {
    type Output = ();

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.never()
    }

    /// Executes the `compiletest` tool to run a suite of tests.
    ///
    /// Compiles all tests with `compiler` for `target` with the specified
    /// compiletest `mode` and `suite` arguments. For example `mode` can be
    /// "run-pass" or `suite` can be something like `debuginfo`.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        if builder.doc_tests == DocTests::Only {
            return;
        }

        if builder.top_stage == 0 && env::var("COMPILETEST_FORCE_STAGE0").is_err() {
            eprintln!("\
ERROR: `--stage 0` runs compiletest on the beta compiler, not your local changes, and will almost always cause tests to fail
HELP: to test the compiler, use `--stage 1` instead
HELP: to test the standard library, use `--stage 0 library/std` instead
NOTE: if you're sure you want to do this, please open an issue as to why. In the meantime, you can override this with `COMPILETEST_FORCE_STAGE0=1`."
            );
            crate::exit!(1);
        }

        let mut compiler = self.compiler;
        let target = self.target;
        let mode = self.mode;
        let suite = self.suite;

        // Path for test suite
        let suite_path = self.path;

        // Skip codegen tests if they aren't enabled in configuration.
        if !builder.config.codegen_tests && suite == "codegen" {
            return;
        }

        // Support stage 1 ui-fulldeps. This is somewhat complicated: ui-fulldeps tests for the most
        // part test the *API* of the compiler, not how it compiles a given file. As a result, we
        // can run them against the stage 1 sources as long as we build them with the stage 0
        // bootstrap compiler.
        // NOTE: Only stage 1 is special cased because we need the rustc_private artifacts to match the
        // running compiler in stage 2 when plugins run.
        let stage_id = if suite == "ui-fulldeps" && compiler.stage == 1 {
            // At stage 0 (stage - 1) we are using the beta compiler. Using `self.target` can lead finding
            // an incorrect compiler path on cross-targets, as the stage 0 beta compiler is always equal
            // to `build.build` in the configuration.
            let build = builder.build.build;

            compiler = builder.compiler(compiler.stage - 1, build);
            format!("stage{}-{}", compiler.stage + 1, build)
        } else {
            format!("stage{}-{}", compiler.stage, target)
        };

        if suite.ends_with("fulldeps") {
            builder.ensure(compile::Rustc::new(compiler, target));
        }

        if suite == "debuginfo" {
            builder.ensure(dist::DebuggerScripts {
                sysroot: builder.sysroot(compiler).to_path_buf(),
                host: target,
            });
        }

        // Also provide `rust_test_helpers` for the host.
        builder.ensure(TestHelpers { target: compiler.host });

        // ensure that `libproc_macro` is available on the host.
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, compiler.host));

        // As well as the target
        if suite != "mir-opt" {
            builder.ensure(TestHelpers { target });
        }

        let mut cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Compiletest);

        if suite == "mir-opt" {
            builder.ensure(compile::Std::new_for_mir_opt_tests(compiler, target));
        } else {
            builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, target));
        }

        builder.ensure(RemoteCopyLibs { compiler, target });

        // compiletest currently has... a lot of arguments, so let's just pass all
        // of them!

        cmd.arg("--compile-lib-path").arg(builder.rustc_libdir(compiler));
        cmd.arg("--run-lib-path").arg(builder.sysroot_libdir(compiler, target));
        cmd.arg("--rustc-path").arg(builder.rustc(compiler));

        let is_rustdoc = suite.ends_with("rustdoc-ui") || suite.ends_with("rustdoc-js");

        // Avoid depending on rustdoc when we don't need it.
        if mode == "rustdoc"
            || mode == "run-make"
            || (mode == "ui" && is_rustdoc)
            || mode == "js-doc-test"
            || mode == "rustdoc-json"
            || suite == "coverage-run-rustdoc"
        {
            cmd.arg("--rustdoc-path").arg(builder.rustdoc(compiler));
        }

        if mode == "rustdoc-json" {
            // Use the beta compiler for jsondocck
            let json_compiler = compiler.with_stage(0);
            cmd.arg("--jsondocck-path")
                .arg(builder.ensure(tool::JsonDocCk { compiler: json_compiler, target }));
            cmd.arg("--jsondoclint-path")
                .arg(builder.ensure(tool::JsonDocLint { compiler: json_compiler, target }));
        }

        if mode == "coverage-map" {
            let coverage_dump = builder.ensure(tool::CoverageDump {
                compiler: compiler.with_stage(0),
                target: compiler.host,
            });
            cmd.arg("--coverage-dump-path").arg(coverage_dump);
        }

        if mode == "coverage-run" {
            // The demangler doesn't need the current compiler, so we can avoid
            // unnecessary rebuilds by using the bootstrap compiler instead.
            let rust_demangler = builder.ensure(tool::RustDemangler {
                compiler: compiler.with_stage(0),
                target: compiler.host,
                extra_features: Vec::new(),
            });
            cmd.arg("--rust-demangler-path").arg(rust_demangler);
        }

        cmd.arg("--src-base").arg(builder.src.join("tests").join(suite));
        cmd.arg("--build-base").arg(testdir(builder, compiler.host).join(suite));

        // When top stage is 0, that means that we're testing an externally provided compiler.
        // In that case we need to use its specific sysroot for tests to pass.
        let sysroot = if builder.top_stage == 0 {
            builder.initial_sysroot.clone()
        } else {
            builder.sysroot(compiler).to_path_buf()
        };
        cmd.arg("--sysroot-base").arg(sysroot);
        cmd.arg("--stage-id").arg(stage_id);
        cmd.arg("--suite").arg(suite);
        cmd.arg("--mode").arg(mode);
        cmd.arg("--target").arg(target.rustc_target_arg());
        cmd.arg("--host").arg(&*compiler.host.triple);
        cmd.arg("--llvm-filecheck").arg(builder.llvm_filecheck(builder.config.build));

        if builder.config.cmd.bless() {
            cmd.arg("--bless");
        }

        if builder.config.cmd.force_rerun() {
            cmd.arg("--force-rerun");
        }

        let compare_mode =
            builder.config.cmd.compare_mode().or_else(|| {
                if builder.config.test_compare_mode { self.compare_mode } else { None }
            });

        if let Some(ref pass) = builder.config.cmd.pass() {
            cmd.arg("--pass");
            cmd.arg(pass);
        }

        if let Some(ref run) = builder.config.cmd.run() {
            cmd.arg("--run");
            cmd.arg(run);
        }

        if let Some(ref nodejs) = builder.config.nodejs {
            cmd.arg("--nodejs").arg(nodejs);
        } else if mode == "js-doc-test" {
            panic!("need nodejs to run js-doc-test suite");
        }
        if let Some(ref npm) = builder.config.npm {
            cmd.arg("--npm").arg(npm);
        }
        if builder.config.rust_optimize_tests {
            cmd.arg("--optimize-tests");
        }
        if builder.config.cmd.only_modified() {
            cmd.arg("--only-modified");
        }

        let mut flags = if is_rustdoc { Vec::new() } else { vec!["-Crpath".to_string()] };
        flags.push(format!("-Cdebuginfo={}", builder.config.rust_debuginfo_level_tests));
        flags.extend(builder.config.cmd.rustc_args().iter().map(|s| s.to_string()));

        if suite != "mir-opt" {
            if let Some(linker) = builder.linker(target) {
                cmd.arg("--target-linker").arg(linker);
            }
            if let Some(linker) = builder.linker(compiler.host) {
                cmd.arg("--host-linker").arg(linker);
            }
        }

        let mut hostflags = flags.clone();
        hostflags.push(format!("-Lnative={}", builder.test_helpers_out(compiler.host).display()));
        hostflags.extend(linker_flags(builder, compiler.host, LldThreads::No));
        for flag in hostflags {
            cmd.arg("--host-rustcflags").arg(flag);
        }

        let mut targetflags = flags;
        targetflags.push(format!("-Lnative={}", builder.test_helpers_out(target).display()));
        targetflags.extend(linker_flags(builder, compiler.host, LldThreads::No));
        for flag in targetflags {
            cmd.arg("--target-rustcflags").arg(flag);
        }

        cmd.arg("--python").arg(builder.python());

        if let Some(ref gdb) = builder.config.gdb {
            cmd.arg("--gdb").arg(gdb);
        }

        let run = |cmd: &mut Command| {
            cmd.output().map(|output| {
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout)
                    .lines()
                    .next()
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("{:?} failed {:?}", cmd, output))
                    .to_string()
            })
        };
        let lldb_exe = "lldb";
        let lldb_version = Command::new(lldb_exe)
            .arg("--version")
            .output()
            .map(|output| String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).to_string())
            .ok();
        if let Some(ref vers) = lldb_version {
            cmd.arg("--lldb-version").arg(vers);
            let lldb_python_dir = run(Command::new(lldb_exe).arg("-P")).ok();
            if let Some(ref dir) = lldb_python_dir {
                cmd.arg("--lldb-python-dir").arg(dir);
            }
        }

        if helpers::forcing_clang_based_tests() {
            let clang_exe = builder.llvm_out(target).join("bin").join("clang");
            cmd.arg("--run-clang-based-tests-with").arg(clang_exe);
        }

        for exclude in &builder.config.skip {
            cmd.arg("--skip");
            cmd.arg(exclude);
        }

        // Get paths from cmd args
        let paths = match &builder.config.cmd {
            Subcommand::Test { .. } => &builder.config.paths[..],
            _ => &[],
        };

        // Get test-args by striping suite path
        let mut test_args: Vec<&str> = paths
            .iter()
            .filter_map(|p| helpers::is_valid_test_suite_arg(p, suite_path, builder))
            .collect();

        test_args.append(&mut builder.config.test_args());

        // On Windows, replace forward slashes in test-args by backslashes
        // so the correct filters are passed to libtest
        if cfg!(windows) {
            let test_args_win: Vec<String> =
                test_args.iter().map(|s| s.replace('/', "\\")).collect();
            cmd.args(&test_args_win);
        } else {
            cmd.args(&test_args);
        }

        if builder.is_verbose() {
            cmd.arg("--verbose");
        }

        cmd.arg("--json");

        if builder.config.rust_debug_assertions_std {
            cmd.arg("--with-debug-assertions");
        };

        let mut llvm_components_passed = false;
        let mut copts_passed = false;
        if builder.config.llvm_enabled(compiler.host) {
            let llvm::LlvmResult { llvm_config, .. } =
                builder.ensure(llvm::Llvm { target: builder.config.build });
            if !builder.config.dry_run() {
                let llvm_version = output(Command::new(&llvm_config).arg("--version"));
                let llvm_components = output(Command::new(&llvm_config).arg("--components"));
                // Remove trailing newline from llvm-config output.
                cmd.arg("--llvm-version")
                    .arg(llvm_version.trim())
                    .arg("--llvm-components")
                    .arg(llvm_components.trim());
                llvm_components_passed = true;
            }
            if !builder.is_rust_llvm(target) {
                // FIXME: missing Rust patches is not the same as being system llvm; we should rename the flag at some point.
                // Inspecting the tests with `// no-system-llvm` in src/test *looks* like this is doing the right thing, though.
                cmd.arg("--system-llvm");
            }

            // Tests that use compiler libraries may inherit the `-lLLVM` link
            // requirement, but the `-L` library path is not propagated across
            // separate compilations. We can add LLVM's library path to the
            // platform-specific environment variable as a workaround.
            if !builder.config.dry_run() && suite.ends_with("fulldeps") {
                let llvm_libdir = output(Command::new(&llvm_config).arg("--libdir"));
                add_link_lib_path(vec![llvm_libdir.trim().into()], &mut cmd);
            }

            if !builder.config.dry_run()
                && (matches!(suite, "run-make" | "run-make-fulldeps") || mode == "coverage-run")
            {
                // The llvm/bin directory contains many useful cross-platform
                // tools. Pass the path to run-make tests so they can use them.
                // (The coverage-run tests also need these tools to process
                // coverage reports.)
                let llvm_bin_path = llvm_config
                    .parent()
                    .expect("Expected llvm-config to be contained in directory");
                assert!(llvm_bin_path.is_dir());
                cmd.arg("--llvm-bin-dir").arg(llvm_bin_path);
            }

            if !builder.config.dry_run() && matches!(suite, "run-make" | "run-make-fulldeps") {
                // If LLD is available, add it to the PATH
                if builder.config.lld_enabled {
                    let lld_install_root =
                        builder.ensure(llvm::Lld { target: builder.config.build });

                    let lld_bin_path = lld_install_root.join("bin");

                    let old_path = env::var_os("PATH").unwrap_or_default();
                    let new_path = env::join_paths(
                        std::iter::once(lld_bin_path).chain(env::split_paths(&old_path)),
                    )
                    .expect("Could not add LLD bin path to PATH");
                    cmd.env("PATH", new_path);
                }
            }
        }

        // Only pass correct values for these flags for the `run-make` suite as it
        // requires that a C++ compiler was configured which isn't always the case.
        if !builder.config.dry_run() && matches!(suite, "run-make" | "run-make-fulldeps") {
            cmd.arg("--cc")
                .arg(builder.cc(target))
                .arg("--cxx")
                .arg(builder.cxx(target).unwrap())
                .arg("--cflags")
                .arg(builder.cflags(target, GitRepo::Rustc, CLang::C).join(" "))
                .arg("--cxxflags")
                .arg(builder.cflags(target, GitRepo::Rustc, CLang::Cxx).join(" "));
            copts_passed = true;
            if let Some(ar) = builder.ar(target) {
                cmd.arg("--ar").arg(ar);
            }
        }

        if !llvm_components_passed {
            cmd.arg("--llvm-components").arg("");
        }
        if !copts_passed {
            cmd.arg("--cc")
                .arg("")
                .arg("--cxx")
                .arg("")
                .arg("--cflags")
                .arg("")
                .arg("--cxxflags")
                .arg("");
        }

        if builder.remote_tested(target) {
            cmd.arg("--remote-test-client").arg(builder.tool_exe(Tool::RemoteTestClient));
        } else if let Some(tool) = builder.runner(target) {
            cmd.arg("--runner").arg(tool);
        }

        if suite != "mir-opt" {
            // Running a C compiler on MSVC requires a few env vars to be set, to be
            // sure to set them here.
            //
            // Note that if we encounter `PATH` we make sure to append to our own `PATH`
            // rather than stomp over it.
            if !builder.config.dry_run() && target.is_msvc() {
                for (k, v) in builder.cc.borrow()[&target].env() {
                    if k != "PATH" {
                        cmd.env(k, v);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Special setup to enable running with sanitizers on MSVC.
        if !builder.config.dry_run()
            && target.contains("msvc")
            && builder.config.sanitizers_enabled(target)
        {
            // Ignore interception failures: not all dlls in the process will have been built with
            // address sanitizer enabled (e.g., ntdll.dll).
            cmd.env("ASAN_WIN_CONTINUE_ON_INTERCEPTION_FAILURE", "1");
            // Add the address sanitizer runtime to the PATH - it is located next to cl.exe.
            let asan_runtime_path =
                builder.cc.borrow()[&target].path().parent().unwrap().to_path_buf();
            let old_path = cmd
                .get_envs()
                .find_map(|(k, v)| (k == "PATH").then_some(v))
                .flatten()
                .map_or_else(|| env::var_os("PATH").unwrap_or_default(), |v| v.to_owned());
            let new_path = env::join_paths(
                env::split_paths(&old_path).chain(std::iter::once(asan_runtime_path)),
            )
            .expect("Could not add ASAN runtime path to PATH");
            cmd.env("PATH", new_path);
        }

        // Some UI tests trigger behavior in rustc where it reads $CARGO and changes behavior if it exists.
        // To make the tests work that rely on it not being set, make sure it is not set.
        cmd.env_remove("CARGO");

        cmd.env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1");
        // Override the rustc version used in symbol hashes to reduce the amount of normalization
        // needed when diffing test output.
        cmd.env("RUSTC_FORCE_RUSTC_VERSION", "compiletest");
        cmd.env("DOC_RUST_LANG_ORG_CHANNEL", builder.doc_rust_lang_org_channel());
        builder.add_rust_test_threads(&mut cmd);

        if builder.config.sanitizers_enabled(target) {
            cmd.env("RUSTC_SANITIZER_SUPPORT", "1");
        }

        if builder.config.profiler_enabled(target) {
            cmd.arg("--profiler-support");
        }

        cmd.env("RUST_TEST_TMPDIR", builder.tempdir());

        cmd.arg("--adb-path").arg("adb");
        cmd.arg("--adb-test-dir").arg(ADB_TEST_DIR);
        if target.contains("android") && !builder.config.dry_run() {
            // Assume that cc for this target comes from the android sysroot
            cmd.arg("--android-cross-path")
                .arg(builder.cc(target).parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap());
        } else {
            cmd.arg("--android-cross-path").arg("");
        }

        if builder.config.cmd.rustfix_coverage() {
            cmd.arg("--rustfix-coverage");
        }

        cmd.env("BOOTSTRAP_CARGO", &builder.initial_cargo);

        cmd.arg("--channel").arg(&builder.config.channel);

        if !builder.config.omit_git_hash {
            cmd.arg("--git-hash");
        }

        let git_config = builder.config.git_config();
        cmd.arg("--git-repository").arg(git_config.git_repository);
        cmd.arg("--nightly-branch").arg(git_config.nightly_branch);

        builder.ci_env.force_coloring_in_ci(&mut cmd);

        #[cfg(feature = "build-metrics")]
        builder.metrics.begin_test_suite(
            build_helper::metrics::TestSuiteMetadata::Compiletest {
                suite: suite.into(),
                mode: mode.into(),
                compare_mode: None,
                target: self.target.triple.to_string(),
                host: self.compiler.host.triple.to_string(),
                stage: self.compiler.stage,
            },
            builder,
        );

        let _group = builder.msg(
            Kind::Test,
            compiler.stage,
            format!("compiletest suite={suite} mode={mode}"),
            compiler.host,
            target,
        );
        try_run_tests(builder, &mut cmd, false);

        if let Some(compare_mode) = compare_mode {
            cmd.arg("--compare-mode").arg(compare_mode);

            #[cfg(feature = "build-metrics")]
            builder.metrics.begin_test_suite(
                build_helper::metrics::TestSuiteMetadata::Compiletest {
                    suite: suite.into(),
                    mode: mode.into(),
                    compare_mode: Some(compare_mode.into()),
                    target: self.target.triple.to_string(),
                    host: self.compiler.host.triple.to_string(),
                    stage: self.compiler.stage,
                },
                builder,
            );

            builder.info(&format!(
                "Check compiletest suite={} mode={} compare_mode={} ({} -> {})",
                suite, mode, compare_mode, &compiler.host, target
            ));
            let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
            try_run_tests(builder, &mut cmd, false);
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
struct BookTest {
    compiler: Compiler,
    path: PathBuf,
    name: &'static str,
    is_ext_doc: bool,
}

impl Step for BookTest {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.never()
    }

    /// Runs the documentation tests for a book in `src/doc`.
    ///
    /// This uses the `rustdoc` that sits next to `compiler`.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        // External docs are different from local because:
        // - Some books need pre-processing by mdbook before being tested.
        // - They need to save their state to toolstate.
        // - They are only tested on the "checktools" builders.
        //
        // The local docs are tested by default, and we don't want to pay the
        // cost of building mdbook, so they use `rustdoc --test` directly.
        // Also, the unstable book is special because SUMMARY.md is generated,
        // so it is easier to just run `rustdoc` on its files.
        if self.is_ext_doc {
            self.run_ext_doc(builder);
        } else {
            self.run_local_doc(builder);
        }
    }
}

impl BookTest {
    /// This runs the equivalent of `mdbook test` (via the rustbook wrapper)
    /// which in turn runs `rustdoc --test` on each file in the book.
    fn run_ext_doc(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = self.compiler;

        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, compiler.host));

        // mdbook just executes a binary named "rustdoc", so we need to update
        // PATH so that it points to our rustdoc.
        let mut rustdoc_path = builder.rustdoc(compiler);
        rustdoc_path.pop();
        let old_path = env::var_os("PATH").unwrap_or_default();
        let new_path = env::join_paths(iter::once(rustdoc_path).chain(env::split_paths(&old_path)))
            .expect("could not add rustdoc to PATH");

        let mut rustbook_cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Rustbook);
        let path = builder.src.join(&self.path);
        // Books often have feature-gated example text.
        rustbook_cmd.env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1");
        rustbook_cmd.env("PATH", new_path).arg("test").arg(path);
        builder.add_rust_test_threads(&mut rustbook_cmd);
        let _guard = builder.msg(
            Kind::Test,
            compiler.stage,
            format_args!("mdbook {}", self.path.display()),
            compiler.host,
            compiler.host,
        );
        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
        let toolstate = if builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut rustbook_cmd) {
            ToolState::TestPass
        } else {
            ToolState::TestFail
        };
        builder.save_toolstate(self.name, toolstate);
    }

    /// This runs `rustdoc --test` on all `.md` files in the path.
    fn run_local_doc(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = self.compiler;
        let host = self.compiler.host;

        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, host));

        let _guard =
            builder.msg(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, format!("book {}", self.name), host, host);

        // Do a breadth-first traversal of the `src/doc` directory and just run
        // tests for all files that end in `*.md`
        let mut stack = vec![builder.src.join(self.path)];
        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
        let mut files = Vec::new();
        while let Some(p) = stack.pop() {
            if p.is_dir() {
                stack.extend(t!(p.read_dir()).map(|p| t!(p).path()));
                continue;
            }

            if p.extension().and_then(|s| s.to_str()) != Some("md") {
                continue;
            }

            files.push(p);
        }

        files.sort();

        for file in files {
            markdown_test(builder, compiler, &file);
        }
    }
}

macro_rules! test_book {
    ($($name:ident, $path:expr, $book_name:expr, default=$default:expr;)+) => {
        $(
            #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
            pub struct $name {
                compiler: Compiler,
            }

            impl Step for $name {
                type Output = ();
                const DEFAULT: bool = $default;
                const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

                fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
                    run.path($path)
                }

                fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
                    run.builder.ensure($name {
                        compiler: run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.target),
                    });
                }

                fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
                    builder.ensure(BookTest {
                        compiler: self.compiler,
                        path: PathBuf::from($path),
                        name: $book_name,
                        is_ext_doc: !$default,
                    });
                }
            }
        )+
    }
}

test_book!(
    Nomicon, "src/doc/nomicon", "nomicon", default=false;
    Reference, "src/doc/reference", "reference", default=false;
    RustdocBook, "src/doc/rustdoc", "rustdoc", default=true;
    RustcBook, "src/doc/rustc", "rustc", default=true;
    RustByExample, "src/doc/rust-by-example", "rust-by-example", default=false;
    EmbeddedBook, "src/doc/embedded-book", "embedded-book", default=false;
    TheBook, "src/doc/book", "book", default=false;
    UnstableBook, "src/doc/unstable-book", "unstable-book", default=true;
    EditionGuide, "src/doc/edition-guide", "edition-guide", default=false;
);

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct ErrorIndex {
    compiler: Compiler,
}

impl Step for ErrorIndex {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/error_index_generator")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        // error_index_generator depends on librustdoc. Use the compiler that
        // is normally used to build rustdoc for other tests (like compiletest
        // tests in tests/rustdoc) so that it shares the same artifacts.
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.builder.config.build);
        run.builder.ensure(ErrorIndex { compiler });
    }

    /// Runs the error index generator tool to execute the tests located in the error
    /// index.
    ///
    /// The `error_index_generator` tool lives in `src/tools` and is used to
    /// generate a markdown file from the error indexes of the code base which is
    /// then passed to `rustdoc --test`.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = self.compiler;

        let dir = testdir(builder, compiler.host);
        t!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));
        let output = dir.join("error-index.md");

        let mut tool = tool::ErrorIndex::command(builder);
        tool.arg("markdown").arg(&output);

        let guard =
            builder.msg(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, "error-index", compiler.host, compiler.host);
        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
        builder.run_quiet(&mut tool);
        drop(guard);
        // The tests themselves need to link to std, so make sure it is
        // available.
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, compiler.host));
        markdown_test(builder, compiler, &output);
    }
}

fn markdown_test(builder: &Builder<'_>, compiler: Compiler, markdown: &Path) -> bool {
    if let Ok(contents) = fs::read_to_string(markdown) {
        if !contents.contains("```") {
            return true;
        }
    }

    builder.verbose(|| println!("doc tests for: {}", markdown.display()));
    let mut cmd = builder.rustdoc_cmd(compiler);
    builder.add_rust_test_threads(&mut cmd);
    // allow for unstable options such as new editions
    cmd.arg("-Z");
    cmd.arg("unstable-options");
    cmd.arg("--test");
    cmd.arg(markdown);
    cmd.env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1");

    let test_args = builder.config.test_args().join(" ");
    cmd.arg("--test-args").arg(test_args);

    if builder.config.verbose_tests {
        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd)
    } else {
        builder.run_quiet_delaying_failure(&mut cmd)
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RustcGuide;

impl Step for RustcGuide {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = false;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/doc/rustc-dev-guide")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(RustcGuide);
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let relative_path = Path::new("src").join("doc").join("rustc-dev-guide");
        builder.update_submodule(&relative_path);

        let src = builder.src.join(relative_path);
        let mut rustbook_cmd = builder.tool_cmd(Tool::Rustbook);
        let toolstate = if builder.run_delaying_failure(rustbook_cmd.arg("linkcheck").arg(&src)) {
            ToolState::TestPass
        } else {
            ToolState::TestFail
        };
        builder.save_toolstate("rustc-dev-guide", toolstate);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CrateLibrustc {
    compiler: Compiler,
    target: TargetSelection,
    crates: Vec<String>,
}

impl Step for CrateLibrustc {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.crate_or_deps("rustc-main")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let builder = run.builder;
        let host = run.build_triple();
        let compiler = builder.compiler_for(builder.top_stage, host, host);
        let crates = run
            .paths
            .iter()
            .map(|p| builder.crate_paths[&p.assert_single_path().path].clone())
            .collect();

        builder.ensure(CrateLibrustc { compiler, target: run.target, crates });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(self.compiler, self.target));

        builder.ensure(Crate {
            compiler: self.compiler,
            target: self.target,
            mode: Mode::Rustc,
            crates: self.crates,
        });
    }
}

/// Given a `cargo test` subcommand, add the appropriate flags and run it.
///
/// Returns whether the test succeeded.
fn run_cargo_test<'a>(
    cargo: impl Into<Command>,
    libtest_args: &[&str],
    crates: &[String],
    primary_crate: &str,
    description: impl Into<Option<&'a str>>,
    compiler: Compiler,
    target: TargetSelection,
    builder: &Builder<'_>,
) -> bool {
    let mut cargo =
        prepare_cargo_test(cargo, libtest_args, crates, primary_crate, compiler, target, builder);
    let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);
    let _group = description.into().and_then(|what| {
        builder.msg_sysroot_tool(Kind::Test, compiler.stage, what, compiler.host, target)
    });

    #[cfg(feature = "build-metrics")]
    builder.metrics.begin_test_suite(
        build_helper::metrics::TestSuiteMetadata::CargoPackage {
            crates: crates.iter().map(|c| c.to_string()).collect(),
            target: target.triple.to_string(),
            host: compiler.host.triple.to_string(),
            stage: compiler.stage,
        },
        builder,
    );
    add_flags_and_try_run_tests(builder, &mut cargo)
}

/// Given a `cargo test` subcommand, pass it the appropriate test flags given a `builder`.
fn prepare_cargo_test(
    cargo: impl Into<Command>,
    libtest_args: &[&str],
    crates: &[String],
    primary_crate: &str,
    compiler: Compiler,
    target: TargetSelection,
    builder: &Builder<'_>,
) -> Command {
    let mut cargo = cargo.into();

    // Propegate `--bless` if it has not already been set/unset
    // Any tools that want to use this should bless if `RUSTC_BLESS` is set to
    // anything other than `0`.
    if builder.config.cmd.bless() && !cargo.get_envs().any(|v| v.0 == "RUSTC_BLESS") {
        cargo.env("RUSTC_BLESS", "Gesundheit");
    }

    // Pass in some standard flags then iterate over the graph we've discovered
    // in `cargo metadata` with the maps above and figure out what `-p`
    // arguments need to get passed.
    if builder.kind == Kind::Test && !builder.fail_fast {
        cargo.arg("--no-fail-fast");
    }
    match builder.doc_tests {
        DocTests::Only => {
            cargo.arg("--doc");
        }
        DocTests::No => {
            let krate = &builder
                .crates
                .get(primary_crate)
                .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("missing crate {primary_crate}"));
            if krate.has_lib {
                cargo.arg("--lib");
            }
            cargo.args(["--bins", "--examples", "--tests", "--benches"]);
        }
        DocTests::Yes => {}
    }

    for krate in crates {
        cargo.arg("-p").arg(krate);
    }

    cargo.arg("--").args(&builder.config.test_args()).args(libtest_args);
    if !builder.config.verbose_tests {
        cargo.arg("--quiet");
    }

    // The tests are going to run with the *target* libraries, so we need to
    // ensure that those libraries show up in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH equivalent.
    //
    // Note that to run the compiler we need to run with the *host* libraries,
    // but our wrapper scripts arrange for that to be the case anyway.
    let mut dylib_path = dylib_path();
    dylib_path.insert(0, PathBuf::from(&*builder.sysroot_libdir(compiler, target)));
    cargo.env(dylib_path_var(), env::join_paths(&dylib_path).unwrap());

    if builder.remote_tested(target) {
        cargo.env(
            format!("CARGO_TARGET_{}_RUNNER", envify(&target.triple)),
            format!("{} run 0", builder.tool_exe(Tool::RemoteTestClient).display()),
        );
    } else if let Some(tool) = builder.runner(target) {
        cargo.env(format!("CARGO_TARGET_{}_RUNNER", envify(&target.triple)), tool);
    }

    cargo
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
pub struct Crate {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
    pub target: TargetSelection,
    pub mode: Mode,
    pub crates: Vec<String>,
}

impl Step for Crate {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.crate_or_deps("sysroot")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let builder = run.builder;
        let host = run.build_triple();
        let compiler = builder.compiler_for(builder.top_stage, host, host);
        let crates = run
            .paths
            .iter()
            .map(|p| builder.crate_paths[&p.assert_single_path().path].clone())
            .collect();

        builder.ensure(Crate { compiler, target: run.target, mode: Mode::Std, crates });
    }

    /// Runs all unit tests plus documentation tests for a given crate defined
    /// by a `Cargo.toml` (single manifest)
    ///
    /// This is what runs tests for crates like the standard library, compiler, etc.
    /// It essentially is the driver for running `cargo test`.
    ///
    /// Currently this runs all tests for a DAG by passing a bunch of `-p foo`
    /// arguments, and those arguments are discovered from `cargo metadata`.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = self.compiler;
        let target = self.target;
        let mode = self.mode;

        // See [field@compile::Std::force_recompile].
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::force_recompile(compiler, target));
        builder.ensure(RemoteCopyLibs { compiler, target });

        // If we're not doing a full bootstrap but we're testing a stage2
        // version of libstd, then what we're actually testing is the libstd
        // produced in stage1. Reflect that here by updating the compiler that
        // we're working with automatically.
        let compiler = builder.compiler_for(compiler.stage, compiler.host, target);

        let mut cargo = builder::Cargo::new(
            builder,
            compiler,
            mode,
            SourceType::InTree,
            target,
            builder.kind.as_str(),
        );

        match mode {
            Mode::Std => {
                compile::std_cargo(builder, target, compiler.stage, &mut cargo);
                // `std_cargo` actually does the wrong thing: it passes `--sysroot build/host/stage2`,
                // but we want to use the force-recompile std we just built in `build/host/stage2-test-sysroot`.
                // Override it.
                if builder.download_rustc() && compiler.stage > 0 {
                    let sysroot = builder
                        .out
                        .join(compiler.host.triple)
                        .join(format!("stage{}-test-sysroot", compiler.stage));
                    cargo.env("RUSTC_SYSROOT", sysroot);
                }
            }
            Mode::Rustc => {
                compile::rustc_cargo(builder, &mut cargo, target, compiler.stage);
            }
            _ => panic!("can only test libraries"),
        };

        run_cargo_test(
            cargo,
            &[],
            &self.crates,
            &self.crates[0],
            &*crate_description(&self.crates),
            compiler,
            target,
            builder,
        );
    }
}

/// Rustdoc is special in various ways, which is why this step is different from `Crate`.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CrateRustdoc {
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for CrateRustdoc {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.paths(&["src/librustdoc", "src/tools/rustdoc"])
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let builder = run.builder;

        builder.ensure(CrateRustdoc { host: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let target = self.host;

        let compiler = if builder.download_rustc() {
            builder.compiler(builder.top_stage, target)
        } else {
            // Use the previous stage compiler to reuse the artifacts that are
            // created when running compiletest for tests/rustdoc. If this used
            // `compiler`, then it would cause rustdoc to be built *again*, which
            // isn't really necessary.
            builder.compiler_for(builder.top_stage, target, target)
        };
        // NOTE: normally `ensure(Rustc)` automatically runs `ensure(Std)` for us. However, when
        // using `download-rustc`, the rustc_private artifacts may be in a *different sysroot* from
        // the target rustdoc (`ci-rustc-sysroot` vs `stage2`). In that case, we need to ensure this
        // explicitly to make sure it ends up in the stage2 sysroot.
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, target));
        builder.ensure(compile::Rustc::new(compiler, target));

        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            target,
            builder.kind.as_str(),
            "src/tools/rustdoc",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );
        if self.host.contains("musl") {
            cargo.arg("'-Ctarget-feature=-crt-static'");
        }

        // This is needed for running doctests on librustdoc. This is a bit of
        // an unfortunate interaction with how bootstrap works and how cargo
        // sets up the dylib path, and the fact that the doctest (in
        // html/markdown.rs) links to rustc-private libs. For stage1, the
        // compiler host dylibs (in stage1/lib) are not the same as the target
        // dylibs (in stage1/lib/rustlib/...). This is different from a normal
        // rust distribution where they are the same.
        //
        // On the cargo side, normal tests use `target_process` which handles
        // setting up the dylib for a *target* (stage1/lib/rustlib/... in this
        // case). However, for doctests it uses `rustdoc_process` which only
        // sets up the dylib path for the *host* (stage1/lib), which is the
        // wrong directory.
        //
        // Recall that we special-cased `compiler_for(top_stage)` above, so we always use stage1.
        //
        // It should be considered to just stop running doctests on
        // librustdoc. There is only one test, and it doesn't look too
        // important. There might be other ways to avoid this, but it seems
        // pretty convoluted.
        //
        // See also https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/13983 where the
        // host vs target dylibs for rustdoc are consistently tricky to deal
        // with.
        //
        // Note that this set the host libdir for `download_rustc`, which uses a normal rust distribution.
        let libdir = if builder.download_rustc() {
            builder.rustc_libdir(compiler)
        } else {
            builder.sysroot_libdir(compiler, target).to_path_buf()
        };
        let mut dylib_path = dylib_path();
        dylib_path.insert(0, PathBuf::from(&*libdir));
        cargo.env(dylib_path_var(), env::join_paths(&dylib_path).unwrap());

        run_cargo_test(
            cargo,
            &[],
            &["rustdoc:0.0.0".to_string()],
            "rustdoc",
            "rustdoc",
            compiler,
            target,
            builder,
        );
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CrateRustdocJsonTypes {
    host: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for CrateRustdocJsonTypes {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/rustdoc-json-types")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let builder = run.builder;

        builder.ensure(CrateRustdocJsonTypes { host: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let target = self.host;

        // Use the previous stage compiler to reuse the artifacts that are
        // created when running compiletest for tests/rustdoc. If this used
        // `compiler`, then it would cause rustdoc to be built *again*, which
        // isn't really necessary.
        let compiler = builder.compiler_for(builder.top_stage, target, target);
        builder.ensure(compile::Rustc::new(compiler, target));

        let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolRustc,
            target,
            builder.kind.as_str(),
            "src/rustdoc-json-types",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );

        // FIXME: this looks very wrong, libtest doesn't accept `-C` arguments and the quotes are fishy.
        let libtest_args = if self.host.contains("musl") {
            ["'-Ctarget-feature=-crt-static'"].as_slice()
        } else {
            &[]
        };

        run_cargo_test(
            cargo,
            libtest_args,
            &["rustdoc-json-types".to_string()],
            "rustdoc-json-types",
            "rustdoc-json-types",
            compiler,
            target,
            builder,
        );
    }
}

/// Some test suites are run inside emulators or on remote devices, and most
/// of our test binaries are linked dynamically which means we need to ship
/// the standard library and such to the emulator ahead of time. This step
/// represents this and is a dependency of all test suites.
///
/// Most of the time this is a no-op. For some steps such as shipping data to
/// QEMU we have to build our own tools so we've got conditional dependencies
/// on those programs as well. Note that the remote test client is built for
/// the build target (us) and the server is built for the target.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RemoteCopyLibs {
    compiler: Compiler,
    target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for RemoteCopyLibs {
    type Output = ();

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.never()
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = self.compiler;
        let target = self.target;
        if !builder.remote_tested(target) {
            return;
        }

        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, target));

        builder.info(&format!("REMOTE copy libs to emulator ({target})"));

        let server = builder.ensure(tool::RemoteTestServer { compiler, target });

        // Spawn the emulator and wait for it to come online
        let tool = builder.tool_exe(Tool::RemoteTestClient);
        let mut cmd = Command::new(&tool);
        cmd.arg("spawn-emulator").arg(target.triple).arg(&server).arg(builder.tempdir());
        if let Some(rootfs) = builder.qemu_rootfs(target) {
            cmd.arg(rootfs);
        }
        builder.run(&mut cmd);

        // Push all our dylibs to the emulator
        for f in t!(builder.sysroot_libdir(compiler, target).read_dir()) {
            let f = t!(f);
            let name = f.file_name().into_string().unwrap();
            if helpers::is_dylib(&name) {
                builder.run(Command::new(&tool).arg("push").arg(f.path()));
            }
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Distcheck;

impl Step for Distcheck {
    type Output = ();

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.alias("distcheck")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Distcheck);
    }

    /// Runs "distcheck", a 'make check' from a tarball
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        builder.info("Distcheck");
        let dir = builder.tempdir().join("distcheck");
        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
        t!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));

        // Guarantee that these are built before we begin running.
        builder.ensure(dist::PlainSourceTarball);
        builder.ensure(dist::Src);

        let mut cmd = Command::new("tar");
        cmd.arg("-xf")
            .arg(builder.ensure(dist::PlainSourceTarball).tarball())
            .arg("--strip-components=1")
            .current_dir(&dir);
        builder.run(&mut cmd);
        builder.run(
            Command::new("./configure")
                .args(&builder.config.configure_args)
                .arg("--enable-vendor")
                .current_dir(&dir),
        );
        builder.run(
            Command::new(helpers::make(&builder.config.build.triple))
                .arg("check")
                .current_dir(&dir),
        );

        // Now make sure that rust-src has all of libstd's dependencies
        builder.info("Distcheck rust-src");
        let dir = builder.tempdir().join("distcheck-src");
        let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
        t!(fs::create_dir_all(&dir));

        let mut cmd = Command::new("tar");
        cmd.arg("-xf")
            .arg(builder.ensure(dist::Src).tarball())
            .arg("--strip-components=1")
            .current_dir(&dir);
        builder.run(&mut cmd);

        let toml = dir.join("rust-src/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/std/Cargo.toml");
        builder.run(
            Command::new(&builder.initial_cargo)
                // Will read the libstd Cargo.toml
                // which uses the unstable `public-dependency` feature.
                .env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1")
                .arg("generate-lockfile")
                .arg("--manifest-path")
                .arg(&toml)
                .current_dir(&dir),
        );
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct Bootstrap;

impl Step for Bootstrap {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    /// Tests the build system itself.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let host = builder.config.build;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(0, host);
        let _guard = builder.msg(Kind::Test, 0, "bootstrap", host, host);

        let mut check_bootstrap = Command::new(builder.python());
        check_bootstrap
            .args(["-m", "unittest", "bootstrap_test.py"])
            .env("BUILD_DIR", &builder.out)
            .env("BUILD_PLATFORM", builder.build.build.triple)
            .current_dir(builder.src.join("src/bootstrap/"));
        // NOTE: we intentionally don't pass test_args here because the args for unittest and cargo test are mutually incompatible.
        // Use `python -m unittest` manually if you want to pass arguments.
        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut check_bootstrap);

        let mut cmd = Command::new(&builder.initial_cargo);
        cmd.arg("test")
            .current_dir(builder.src.join("src/bootstrap"))
            .env("RUSTFLAGS", "-Cdebuginfo=2")
            .env("CARGO_TARGET_DIR", builder.out.join("bootstrap"))
            .env("RUSTC_BOOTSTRAP", "1")
            .env("RUSTDOC", builder.rustdoc(compiler))
            .env("RUSTC", &builder.initial_rustc);
        if let Some(flags) = option_env!("RUSTFLAGS") {
            // Use the same rustc flags for testing as for "normal" compilation,
            // so that Cargo doesn’t recompile the entire dependency graph every time:
            // https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/49215
            cmd.env("RUSTFLAGS", flags);
        }
        // rustbuild tests are racy on directory creation so just run them one at a time.
        // Since there's not many this shouldn't be a problem.
        run_cargo_test(cmd, &["--test-threads=1"], &[], "bootstrap", None, compiler, host, builder);
    }

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/bootstrap")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Bootstrap);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct TierCheck {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
}

impl Step for TierCheck {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/tier-check")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let compiler =
            run.builder.compiler_for(run.builder.top_stage, run.builder.build.build, run.target);
        run.builder.ensure(TierCheck { compiler });
    }

    /// Tests the Platform Support page in the rustc book.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(self.compiler, self.compiler.host));
        let mut cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            self.compiler,
            Mode::ToolStd,
            self.compiler.host,
            "run",
            "src/tools/tier-check",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );
        cargo.arg(builder.src.join("src/doc/rustc/src/platform-support.md"));
        cargo.arg(&builder.rustc(self.compiler));
        if builder.is_verbose() {
            cargo.arg("--verbose");
        }

        let _guard = builder.msg(
            Kind::Test,
            self.compiler.stage,
            "platform support check",
            self.compiler.host,
            self.compiler.host,
        );
        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cargo.into());
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct LintDocs {
    pub compiler: Compiler,
    pub target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for LintDocs {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/lint-docs")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(LintDocs {
            compiler: run.builder.compiler(run.builder.top_stage, run.builder.config.build),
            target: run.target,
        });
    }

    /// Tests that the lint examples in the rustc book generate the correct
    /// lints and have the expected format.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        builder.ensure(crate::core::build_steps::doc::RustcBook {
            compiler: self.compiler,
            target: self.target,
            validate: true,
        });
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct RustInstaller;

impl Step for RustInstaller {
    type Output = ();
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;

    /// Ensure the version placeholder replacement tool builds
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let bootstrap_host = builder.config.build;
        let compiler = builder.compiler(0, bootstrap_host);
        let cargo = tool::prepare_tool_cargo(
            builder,
            compiler,
            Mode::ToolBootstrap,
            bootstrap_host,
            "test",
            "src/tools/rust-installer",
            SourceType::InTree,
            &[],
        );

        let _guard = builder.msg(
            Kind::Test,
            compiler.stage,
            "rust-installer",
            bootstrap_host,
            bootstrap_host,
        );
        run_cargo_test(cargo, &[], &[], "installer", None, compiler, bootstrap_host, builder);

        // We currently don't support running the test.sh script outside linux(?) environments.
        // Eventually this should likely migrate to #[test]s in rust-installer proper rather than a
        // set of scripts, which will likely allow dropping this if.
        if bootstrap_host != "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" {
            return;
        }

        let mut cmd =
            std::process::Command::new(builder.src.join("src/tools/rust-installer/test.sh"));
        let tmpdir = testdir(builder, compiler.host).join("rust-installer");
        let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&tmpdir);
        let _ = std::fs::create_dir_all(&tmpdir);
        cmd.current_dir(&tmpdir);
        cmd.env("CARGO_TARGET_DIR", tmpdir.join("cargo-target"));
        cmd.env("CARGO", &builder.initial_cargo);
        cmd.env("RUSTC", &builder.initial_rustc);
        cmd.env("TMP_DIR", &tmpdir);
        builder.run_delaying_failure(&mut cmd);
    }

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("src/tools/rust-installer")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(Self);
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct TestHelpers {
    pub target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for TestHelpers {
    type Output = ();

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.path("tests/auxiliary/rust_test_helpers.c")
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        run.builder.ensure(TestHelpers { target: run.target })
    }

    /// Compiles the `rust_test_helpers.c` library which we used in various
    /// `run-pass` tests for ABI testing.
    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        if builder.config.dry_run() {
            return;
        }
        // The x86_64-fortanix-unknown-sgx target doesn't have a working C
        // toolchain. However, some x86_64 ELF objects can be linked
        // without issues. Use this hack to compile the test helpers.
        let target = if self.target == "x86_64-fortanix-unknown-sgx" {
            TargetSelection::from_user("x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu")
        } else {
            self.target
        };
        let dst = builder.test_helpers_out(target);
        let src = builder.src.join("tests/auxiliary/rust_test_helpers.c");
        if up_to_date(&src, &dst.join("librust_test_helpers.a")) {
            return;
        }

        let _guard = builder.msg_unstaged(Kind::Build, "test helpers", target);
        t!(fs::create_dir_all(&dst));
        let mut cfg = cc::Build::new();

        // We may have found various cross-compilers a little differently due to our
        // extra configuration, so inform cc of these compilers. Note, though, that
        // on MSVC we still need cc's detection of env vars (ugh).
        if !target.is_msvc() {
            if let Some(ar) = builder.ar(target) {
                cfg.archiver(ar);
            }
            cfg.compiler(builder.cc(target));
        }
        cfg.cargo_metadata(false)
            .out_dir(&dst)
            .target(&target.triple)
            .host(&builder.config.build.triple)
            .opt_level(0)
            .warnings(false)
            .debug(false)
            .file(builder.src.join("tests/auxiliary/rust_test_helpers.c"))
            .compile("rust_test_helpers");
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CodegenCranelift {
    compiler: Compiler,
    target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for CodegenCranelift {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.paths(&["compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift"])
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let builder = run.builder;
        let host = run.build_triple();
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler_for(run.builder.top_stage, host, host);

        if builder.doc_tests == DocTests::Only {
            return;
        }

        if !target_supports_cranelift_backend(run.target) {
            builder.info("target not supported by rustc_codegen_cranelift. skipping");
            return;
        }

        if builder.remote_tested(run.target) {
            builder.info("remote testing is not supported by rustc_codegen_cranelift. skipping");
            return;
        }

        if !builder.config.codegen_backends(run.target).contains(&"cranelift".to_owned()) {
            builder.info("cranelift not in rust.codegen-backends. skipping");
            return;
        }

        builder.ensure(CodegenCranelift { compiler, target: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = self.compiler;
        let target = self.target;

        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new(compiler, target));

        // If we're not doing a full bootstrap but we're testing a stage2
        // version of libstd, then what we're actually testing is the libstd
        // produced in stage1. Reflect that here by updating the compiler that
        // we're working with automatically.
        let compiler = builder.compiler_for(compiler.stage, compiler.host, target);

        let build_cargo = || {
            let mut cargo = builder::Cargo::new(
                builder,
                compiler,
                Mode::Codegen, // Must be codegen to ensure dlopen on compiled dylibs works
                SourceType::InTree,
                target,
                "run",
            );

            cargo.current_dir(&builder.src.join("compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift"));
            cargo
                .arg("--manifest-path")
                .arg(builder.src.join("compiler/rustc_codegen_cranelift/build_system/Cargo.toml"));
            compile::rustc_cargo_env(builder, &mut cargo, target, compiler.stage);

            // Avoid incremental cache issues when changing rustc
            cargo.env("CARGO_BUILD_INCREMENTAL", "false");

            cargo
        };

        builder.info(&format!(
            "{} cranelift stage{} ({} -> {})",
            Kind::Test.description(),
            compiler.stage,
            &compiler.host,
            target
        ));
        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);

        // FIXME handle vendoring for source tarballs before removing the --skip-test below
        let download_dir = builder.out.join("cg_clif_download");

        // FIXME: Uncomment the `prepare` command below once vendoring is implemented.
        /*
        let mut prepare_cargo = build_cargo();
        prepare_cargo.arg("--").arg("prepare").arg("--download-dir").arg(&download_dir);
        #[allow(deprecated)]
        builder.config.try_run(&mut prepare_cargo.into()).unwrap();
        */

        let mut cargo = build_cargo();
        cargo
            .arg("--")
            .arg("test")
            .arg("--download-dir")
            .arg(&download_dir)
            .arg("--out-dir")
            .arg(builder.stage_out(compiler, Mode::ToolRustc).join("cg_clif"))
            .arg("--no-unstable-features")
            .arg("--use-backend")
            .arg("cranelift")
            // Avoid having to vendor the standard library dependencies
            .arg("--sysroot")
            .arg("llvm")
            // These tests depend on crates that are not yet vendored
            // FIXME remove once vendoring is handled
            .arg("--skip-test")
            .arg("testsuite.extended_sysroot");
        cargo.args(builder.config.test_args());

        let mut cmd: Command = cargo.into();
        builder.run_cmd(BootstrapCommand::from(&mut cmd).fail_fast());
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
pub struct CodegenGCC {
    compiler: Compiler,
    target: TargetSelection,
}

impl Step for CodegenGCC {
    type Output = ();
    const DEFAULT: bool = true;
    const ONLY_HOSTS: bool = true;

    fn should_run(run: ShouldRun<'_>) -> ShouldRun<'_> {
        run.paths(&["compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc"])
    }

    fn make_run(run: RunConfig<'_>) {
        let builder = run.builder;
        let host = run.build_triple();
        let compiler = run.builder.compiler_for(run.builder.top_stage, host, host);

        if builder.doc_tests == DocTests::Only {
            return;
        }

        let triple = run.target.triple;
        let target_supported =
            if triple.contains("linux") { triple.contains("x86_64") } else { false };
        if !target_supported {
            builder.info("target not supported by rustc_codegen_gcc. skipping");
            return;
        }

        if builder.remote_tested(run.target) {
            builder.info("remote testing is not supported by rustc_codegen_gcc. skipping");
            return;
        }

        if !builder.config.codegen_backends(run.target).contains(&"gcc".to_owned()) {
            builder.info("gcc not in rust.codegen-backends. skipping");
            return;
        }

        builder.ensure(CodegenGCC { compiler, target: run.target });
    }

    fn run(self, builder: &Builder<'_>) {
        let compiler = self.compiler;
        let target = self.target;

        builder.ensure(compile::Std::new_with_extra_rust_args(
            compiler,
            target,
            &["-Csymbol-mangling-version=v0", "-Cpanic=abort"],
        ));

        // If we're not doing a full bootstrap but we're testing a stage2
        // version of libstd, then what we're actually testing is the libstd
        // produced in stage1. Reflect that here by updating the compiler that
        // we're working with automatically.
        let compiler = builder.compiler_for(compiler.stage, compiler.host, target);

        let build_cargo = || {
            let mut cargo = builder::Cargo::new(
                builder,
                compiler,
                Mode::Codegen, // Must be codegen to ensure dlopen on compiled dylibs works
                SourceType::InTree,
                target,
                "run",
            );

            cargo.current_dir(&builder.src.join("compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc"));
            cargo
                .arg("--manifest-path")
                .arg(builder.src.join("compiler/rustc_codegen_gcc/build_system/Cargo.toml"));
            compile::rustc_cargo_env(builder, &mut cargo, target, compiler.stage);

            // Avoid incremental cache issues when changing rustc
            cargo.env("CARGO_BUILD_INCREMENTAL", "false");
            cargo.rustflag("-Cpanic=abort");

            cargo
        };

        builder.info(&format!(
            "{} GCC stage{} ({} -> {})",
            Kind::Test.description(),
            compiler.stage,
            &compiler.host,
            target
        ));
        let _time = helpers::timeit(builder);

        // FIXME: Uncomment the `prepare` command below once vendoring is implemented.
        /*
        let mut prepare_cargo = build_cargo();
        prepare_cargo.arg("--").arg("prepare");
        #[allow(deprecated)]
        builder.config.try_run(&mut prepare_cargo.into()).unwrap();
        */

        let mut cargo = build_cargo();

        cargo
            .arg("--")
            .arg("test")
            .arg("--use-system-gcc")
            .arg("--use-backend")
            .arg("gcc")
            .arg("--out-dir")
            .arg(builder.stage_out(compiler, Mode::ToolRustc).join("cg_gcc"))
            .arg("--release")
            .arg("--mini-tests")
            .arg("--std-tests");
        cargo.args(builder.config.test_args());

        let mut cmd: Command = cargo.into();
        builder.run_cmd(BootstrapCommand::from(&mut cmd).fail_fast());
    }
}