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[NodeJS] Path, URL 路徑相關問題整理 - My Frontend Note
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<h1>[NodeJS] Path, URL 路徑相關問題整理</h1>
<div class="read-more clearfix">
<span class="date">2017/6/30</span>
<span>posted in </span>
<span class="posted-in"><a href='javascript_note.html'>JS 筆記</a></span>
<span class="comments">
</span>
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<div class="article-content">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#toc_0">Node Path:</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#toc_1">比較 <code>path.join</code> 和 <code>path.resolve</code></a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#toc_2">Testing Code:</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#toc_3">Testing Cases:</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#toc_4">簡單說明：</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#toc_5">哪些是 absolute path？</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#toc_6">Node URL:</a>
</li>
</ul>
<span id="more"></span><!-- more -->
<h2 id="toc_0">Node Path:</h2>
<p>On POSIX:</p>
<pre><code>┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
│ dir │ base │
├──────┬ ├──────┬─────┤
│ root │ │ name │ ext │
" / home/user/dir / file .txt "
└──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘
(all spaces in the "" line should be ignored -- they are purely for formatting)
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">path.parse('/home/user/dir/file.txt');
// Returns:
// { root: '/',
// dir: '/home/user/dir',
// base: 'file.txt',
// ext: '.txt',
// name: 'file' }
</code></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code>┌─────────────────────┬────────────┐
│ dir │ base │
├──────┬ ├──────┬─────┤
│ root │ │ name │ ext │
" C:\ path\dir \ file .txt "
└──────┴──────────────┴──────┴─────┘
(all spaces in the "" line should be ignored -- they are purely for formatting)
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">path.parse('C:\\path\\dir\\file.txt');
// Returns:
// { root: 'C:\\',
// dir: 'C:\\path\\dir',
// base: 'file.txt',
// ext: '.txt',
// name: 'file' }
</code></pre>
<p>Ref: <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_parse_path">https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_parse_path</a></p>
<h3 id="toc_1">比較 <code>path.join</code> 和 <code>path.resolve</code></h3>
<h4 id="toc_2">Testing Code:</h4>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">const path = require('path');
const PATHS = [ /* path strings */ ];
const joined = path.join(...PATHS);
const resolved = path.resolve(...PATHS);
console.log('paths:', PATHS);
console.log('path.join:', joined);
console.log('path.resolve:', resolved);
</code></pre>
<h4 id="toc_3">Testing Cases:</h4>
<pre><code>paths: [ 'a', '/b', '/c', '..', 'd' ]
path.join: a/b/d
path.resolve: /d
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ 'a', '/b', '/c', 'd' ]
path.join: a/b/c/d
path.resolve: /c/d
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ '/a', '/b', 'c' ]
path.join: /a/b/c
path.resolve: /b/c
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ '/a', './b' ]
path.join: /a/b
path.resolve: /a/b
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ '/a', '/b', '/c', '.', 'd' ]
path.join: /a/b/c/d
path.resolve: /c/d
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ '/a', '/b', '/c/d/e', '.', 'f' ]
path.join: /a/b/c/d/e/f
path.resolve: /c/d/e/f
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ '/a', '/b', '/c/d/e', '.', 'f/' ]
path.join: /a/b/c/d/e/f/
path.resolve: /c/d/e/f
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ '.' ]
path.join: .
path.resolve: /Users/username/Repos/es6-test
__filename: /Users/username/Repos/es6-test/src/test.js
__dirname: /Users/username/Repos/es6-test/src
</code></pre>
<pre><code>paths: [ '..' ]
path.join: ..
path.resolve: /Users/mac2016cjyu/Repos
__filename: /Users/username/Repos/es6-test/src/test.js
__dirname: /Users/username/Repos/es6-test/src
</code></pre>
<h4 id="toc_4">簡單說明：</h4>
<p><code>path.join</code> 的運作邏輯像是：</p>
<ol>
<li>把每一個 subsequent path 字串 join 起來成一個字串，字串間加上分隔符號 platform specific separator （'/' on POSIX）</li>
<li><code>path.normalize</code> 處理 '..' 和 '.'</li>
</ol>
<p>Ref:<br/>
<a href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_join_paths">https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_join_paths</a><br/>
<a href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_normalize_path">https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_normalize_path</a></p>
<p><code>path.resolve</code> 的運作邏輯像是：</p>
<p>回傳的字串是照順序把每一個 subsequent path 用 <code>cd [path]</code> 跑過後，最後所在位置的 absolute path</p>
<p>Ref:<br/>
<a href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_resolve_paths">https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_resolve_paths</a></p>
<h3 id="toc_5">哪些是 absolute path？</h3>
<p>On POSIX:</p>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">path.isAbsolute('/foo/bar'); // true
path.isAbsolute('/baz/..'); // true
path.isAbsolute('qux/'); // false
path.isAbsolute('.'); // false
</code></pre>
<p>On Windows:</p>
<pre><code class="language-javascript">path.isAbsolute('//server'); // true
path.isAbsolute('\\\\server'); // true
path.isAbsolute('C:/foo/..'); // true
path.isAbsolute('C:\\foo\\..'); // true
path.isAbsolute('bar\\baz'); // false
path.isAbsolute('bar/baz'); // false
path.isAbsolute('.'); // false
</code></pre>
<p>Ref: <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_isabsolute_path">https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_isabsolute_path</a></p>
<h2 id="toc_6">Node URL:</h2>
<pre><code>┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ href │
├──────────┬──┬─────────────────────┬─────────────────────┬───────────────────────────┬───────┤
│ protocol │ │ auth │ host │ path │ hash │
│ │ │ ├──────────────┬──────┼──────────┬────────────────┤ │
│ │ │ │ hostname │ port │ pathname │ search │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ├─┬──────────────┤ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ query │ │
" https: // user : pass @ sub.host.com : 8080 /p/a/t/h ? query=string #hash "
│ │ │ │ │ hostname │ port │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ ├──────────────┴──────┤ │ │ │
│ protocol │ │ username │ password │ host │ │ │ │
├──────────┴──┼──────────┴──────────┼─────────────────────┤ │ │ │
│ origin │ │ origin │ pathname │ search │ hash │
├─────────────┴─────────────────────┴─────────────────────┴──────────┴────────────────┴───────┤
│ href │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
</code></pre>
<p>Ref: <a href="https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_url_strings_and_url_objects">https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_url_strings_and_url_objects</a></p>
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