Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) are transcription factors that play a critical role in the body's response to environmental toxins, specifically aromatic hydrocarbons. AhR activation is involved in regulating the expression of a wide range of genes.
Key points:
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Ligand Activation: AhRs are typically inactive in the absence of ligands. They become activated when they bind to specific ligands, many of which are environmental pollutants.
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Xenobiotic Metabolism: AhR activation induces the expression of enzymes involved in xenobiotic (foreign substance) metabolism. This helps the body process and eliminate potentially harmful substances.
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Detoxification: AhRs regulate the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are essential for detoxifying and breaking down a wide range of chemicals, including drugs and toxins.
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Immune Regulation: AhRs are involved in immune system regulation and have been linked to the development of immune cells and immune responses.
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Development and Tissue Homeostasis: AhRs play a role in various developmental processes, including cardiovascular development, and are implicated in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Cross-Talk with Other Pathways: AhRs can interact with other cellular signaling pathways, including those involved in inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Nutrition and Diet: Some dietary compounds, such as those found in cruciferous vegetables, can activate AhRs and have been associated with potential health benefits.