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class2.html
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Class 2 ~ PHP/MySQL ~ Girl Develop It</title>
<meta name="description" content="This is a modification of the official Girl Develop It PHP/MySQL curriculum, developed by Sylvia Richardson for the Raleigh/Durham chapter.
The course is meant to be taught in 4 two-hour sections. Each of the slides and practice files are customizable according to the needs of a given class or audience.">
<meta name="author" content="Girl Develop It">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/custom.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/simple.css" id="theme">
<!-- For syntax highlighting -->
<!-- light editor<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/light.css">-->
<!-- dark editor--><link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/dark.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="plugin/accessibility-helper/css/accessibility-helper.css">
<!-- If the query includes 'print-pdf', include the PDF print sheet -->
<script>
if( window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ) {
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = 'css/print/pdf.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
}
</script>
<!-- If use the PDF print sheet so students can print slides-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print/pdf.css" type="text/css" media="print">
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<!-- Opening slide -->
<section>
<section>
<img src="img/circle-gdi-logo.png" alt="GDI Logo" class="noborder" style="max-height:400px;">
<h3>Intro to PHP and MySQL</h3>
<h4>Class 2</h4>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Welcome-->
<section id="welcome">
<section>
<h3>Welcome!</h3>
<div class = "left-align">
<p>Girl Develop It is here to provide affordable and accessible programs to learn software through mentorship and hands-on instruction.</p>
<p class ="green">Some "rules"</p>
<ul>
<li>We are here for you!</li>
<li>Every question is important.</li>
<li>Help each other.</li>
<li>Have fun.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Debugging your code</h3>
<p>Not seeing anything when you run your code? You may need to turn on error logging. Put this code at the top of your page.</p>
<pre><code class="php">// Report all PHP errors
error_reporting(-1);
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Review -->
<section id="review">
<section>
<h3>Let's Look Back</h3>
<img src="img/backwards-dance.jpg" alt="Woman looking backward as she dances"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/zeepack/4398082292/" target="_blank">Deepak Bhatia</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Code Search</h3>
<p>In this code, spot the comments, variables, operator, function, argument, and return value.</p>
<pre><code class="php">function calculateTip($total) {
$tipPercent = 0.15; //Can be changed
return ($total * $tipPercent);
}
$billTotal = 10;
$billTip = calculateTip($billTotal);
$receipt = 'Meal: ' . $billTotal . ' Tip: ' . $billTip .
' Total: ' . ($billTotal + $billTip);
echo $receipt;
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Variable Scope -->
<section id="scope">
<section>
<h3>Variable Scope</h3>
<p>The scope of a variable is how long the computer will remember it.</p>
<img src="img/footprints.jpg" alt="Footprints being washed away"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/heyvikram/187950111/" target="_blank">_vikram</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Global Scope</h3>
<p>A variable declared outside a function has a <span class="blue">global</span> scope and can only be accessed outside a function.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$awesomeGroup = 'Girl Develop It'; //Global scope
function whatIsAwesome() {
echo $awesomeGroup . ' is pretty awesome.';
}
whatIsAwesome();
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Local Scope</h3>
<p>A variable declared within a function has a <span class="blue">local</span> scope and can only be accessed within that function.</p>
<pre><code class="php">function whatIsAwesome() {
$awesomeGroup = 'Girl Develop It'; //Local scope
}
echo $awesomeGroup . ' is pretty awesome.';
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Boolean -->
<section id="boolean">
<section>
<h3>Boolean Variables</h3>
<img src="img/kitten-switch.jpg" alt="Kitten with light switch"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/elycefeliz/5726163170/" target="_blank">elycefeliz</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Boolean Variables</h3>
<p>Boolean variables represent the logical values True and False</p>
<pre><code class="php">$catsAreBest = true;
$dogsRule = false;
</code></pre>
<p>If you try to use another variable as a boolean, PHP will guess. The number 0, the empty string '', and the string '0' are considered false, everything else reads as true.</p>
</section>
</section>
<!--If/Then-->
<section id="if-then">
<section>
<h3>Control Flow</h3>
<img src="img/fork-path.jpg" alt="Forked path"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/dennism2/1504087870/" target="_blank">DennisM2</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>The if statement</h3>
<p>Use if to tell PHP which lines of code to execute, based on a condition.</p>
<pre><code class="php">if (condition) {
// statements to execute
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="php">$bananas = 5
if ($bananas > 0) {
echo 'You have some bananas!';
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Comparison Operators</h3>
<table class="smalltext">
<thead>
<tr>
<th width="150px">Example</th>
<th width="250px">Name</th>
<th>Result</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>$a == $b</td>
<td>Equal</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is equal to $b (can be different types).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a === $b</td>
<td>Identical</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is equal to $b, and the the same type.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a != $b</td>
<td>Not equal</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is not equal to $b (can be different types).</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a !== $b</td>
<td>Not identical</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is not equal to $b, or they are not the same type.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a < $b</td>
<td>Less than</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is strictly less than $b.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a > $b</td>
<td>Greater than</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is strictly greater than $b.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a <= $b</td>
<td>Less than or equal to </td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is less than or equal to $b.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a >= $b</td>
<td>Greater than or equal to </td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is greater than or equal to $b.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Watch out!</h3>
<p>Don't mix up = and ==</p>
<img src="img/caution.jpg" alt="Caution Tape"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/pictureperfectpose/76138988/" target="_blank">Eugene Zemlyanskiy</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<p>Make a variable called "temperature." Write some code that tells you to put on a coat if it is below 50 degrees.</p>
</section>
</section>
<!--If/else -->
<section id="if-else">
<section>
<h3>Even more control flow</h3>
<img src="img/toomanysigns.jpg" alt="Sign post with multiple signs"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/2402598275/" target="_blank">Thomas Hawk</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>The if/else statement</h3>
<p>Use else to provide an alternate set of instructions.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$age = 28;
if ($age >= 16) {
echo 'Yay, you can drive!';
} else {
echo 'Sorry, but you have ' . (16 - $age) .
' years until you can drive.';
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>The if/else if/else statement</h3>
<p>If you have multiple conditions, you can use else if.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$age = 20;
if ($age >= 35) {
echo 'You can vote AND hold any place in government';
} else if ($age >= 30) {
echo 'You can vote AND run for the Senate';
} else if ($age >= 18) {
echo 'You can vote';
} else {
echo 'You can\'t vote, but you can still
write your representatives.';
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<p>Modify your "wear a coat" code for these conditions:</p>
<ol>
<li>If it is less than 50 degrees, wear a coat.</li>
<li>If it is less than 30 degrees, wear a coat and a hat.</li>
<li>If it is less than 0 degrees, stay inside.</li>
<li>Otherwise, wear whatever you want.</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Logical Operators</h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th width="200px">Example</th>
<th width="150px">Name</th>
<th>Result</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>$a and $b</td>
<td>And</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if both $a and $b are <strong><code>TRUE</code></strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a && $b</td>
<td>And</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if both $a and $b are <strong><code>TRUE</code></strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a or $b</td>
<td>Or</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if either $a or $b is <strong><code>TRUE</code></strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a || $b</td>
<td>Or</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if either $a or $b is <strong><code>TRUE</code></strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>$a xor $b</td>
<td>Xor</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if either $a or $b is <strong><code>TRUE</code></strong>, but not both.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>! $a</td>
<td>Not</td>
<td><strong><code>TRUE</code></strong> if $a is not <strong><code>TRUE</code></strong>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Using logical operators</h3>
<p>You can use these operators to combine conditions.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$bananas = 5;
if ($bananas >=2 && $bananas <7) {
echo 'You have a reasonable number of bananas';
} else {
echo 'Check your banana supply';
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<p>Add a logical operator to your what to wear program.</p>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Loops -->
<section id="loops">
<section>
<h3>Loops</h3>
<img src="img/kitten-circle.jpg" alt="Kitten in ball"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/courtneypix/9185593/" target="_blank">Courtney Patubo Kranzke</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>While loops</h3>
<p>While will repeat the same code over and over until some condition is met.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$bottlesOfBeer = 99;
while ($bottlesOfBeer >= 1) {
echo $bottlesOfBeer . ' bottles of beer on the wall <br />';
$bottlesOfBeer = $bottlesOfBeer - 9;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Infinite Loops</h3>
<p>Make sure something changes in the loop, or your loop will go on forever...</p>
<img src="img/infinite-loop.jpg" alt="Spiral that goes on toward infinity"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/samueljohn/5348462863/" target="_blank">Samuel John</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>For loops</h3>
<p>For loops are very similar, but you declare a counter in the statement.</p>
<pre><code class="php">
//will count 1 to 10
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
echo $i;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Loops and logic</h3>
<p>You can add other statements or logical operators inside the loops.</p>
<pre><code class="php">//Count from 1 to 50.
for ($i = 1; $i <= 50; $i++) {
echo $i;
//Says 'Buzz' after multiples of three
if ($i%3 == 0) {
echo ' Buzz';
}
//Says 'Bang' after multiples of five
if ($i%5 == 0) {
echo ' Bang';
}
echo '<br />'; //line break
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<p>Write a loop that gives you the 9's times table,<br /> from 9 x 1 = 9 to 9 x 12 = 108.</p>
<p>Finish early? Try using a loop inside a loop to write all the times tables, from 1 to 12.</p>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Arrays -->
<section id="arrays">
<section>
<h3>Arrays</h3>
<img src="img/kitten-group.jpg" alt="Group of kittens"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/pasotraspaso/4444291348/" target="_blank">Jesus Solana</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Arrays</h3>
<p>Arrays are lists of values associated with a key. The key needs to be an integer or a string, the value can be any type.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$kittenColors = array(
'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
'Midnight' => 'black',
'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white'
);
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Using arrays</h3>
<p>Once you have an array, you use a key to call a value.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$kittenColors = array(
'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
'Midnight' => 'black',
'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white'
);
echo $kittenColors['Midnight']; //prints 'black'
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Expanding arrays</h3>
<p>Arrays don't have a fixed length; you can add and take away items.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$kittenColors = array(
'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
'Midnight' => 'black',
'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white'
);
// This adds a new element to the array with key 'Monster'
$kittenColors['Monster'] = 'gray';
// This removes the element with the key 'Midnight'
unset($kittenColors['Midnight']);
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Arrays without keys</h3>
<p>If you don't specify a key, PHP will just automatically assign integers as keys, starting with zero.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$fruits = array("apple", "orange", "banana", "kiwi");
var_dump($fruits); //shows whole array
echo $fruits[1]; //will print orange
//You can add with no key as well
$fruits[] = 'mango';
var_dump($fruits);
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<p>Create an array of your friends and their favorite foods. Echo a few values onto your screen.</p>
</section>
</section>
<!-- For Each Loops -->
<section id="foreach">
<section>
<h3>Foreach</h3>
<img src="img/holding-hands.jpg" alt="Couple holding hands"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/mtsofan/8221708017/" target="_blank">John</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Foreach loops</h3>
<p>Foreach is a special type of loop that works with arrays.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$numberList = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
foreach ($numberList as $value) {
echo $value . ' times 2 equals ' . ($value*2) . '<br />';
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Arrays with keys</h3>
<p>You can also use the key values in your foreach loop.</p>
<pre><code class="php">$kittenColors = array(
'Fluffy' => 'tabby',
'Midnight' => 'black',
'Admiral Snuggles' => 'white',
);
foreach ($kittenColors as $name => $color) {
echo 'The kitten ' . $name . ' has ' . $color . ' fur.<br />';
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<p>Take your array of friends and write a foreach loop that echos "My friend NAME likes FOOD."</p>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Final slides-->
<section id="final">
<section>
<h3>You did it!</h3>
<img src="img/kitten-yay.jpg" alt="Happy cat"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/laura-kali/7399310732/" target="_blank">OnceAndFutureLaura</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/" target="_blank">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Resources</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.php.net/manual/en/" target="_blank">PHP Manual</a>, the official PHP documentation. Check the comments; they are useful.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/php" target="_blank">Code Academy</a>, with interactive PHP lessons to help you review.</li>
</ul>
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