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<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" itemref="_author2 _author3 _datePublished4 _image5 _articleSection6 _articleBody7 _publisher8"><h3 itemprop="name">Space Talks Series</h3></span>
<hr class="mini central"/>
<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" itemref="_image5 _articleSection6 _articleBody7"><h1>
<span itemprop="name">Dr. Garret Schneider</span> at
<span id="_publisher8" itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
<span itemprop="name">NewSpace NYC</span></span></h1>
<h3 id="_datePublished4" itemprop="datePublished" content="2021-05-17" class="date">May 17, 2021</h3>
Written By
<span id="_author2" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<span itemprop="name">Sadia Afroz</span> </span>
</span>
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<p id="_articleSection6" itemprop="articleSection">
War stories are traditionally historical tales we are privileged to hear from
veterans. The stories we’ve heard resonate brutal tales and plightful missions,
but there is another side of war stories which goes hand in hand with games,
space and science. Space and the government's efforts in aeronautics are
intertwined because the mission of humanity is to explore further beyond the
horizon and the stars. That is the story that Garret Schneider, PhD, painted
through decades of work and expertise in the Air Force, Department of Defense
and private contracting.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
This is the side of war many are unaware of, sparsely depicted in Hollywood
films such as Star Wars. NewSpace NYC had the privilege to have Dr. Garret
Schneider give a talk at our Friday #SpaceTalk and this is our post on his
story, career and experiences in public sector space development.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
Garret Schneider spent most of his career in the Air Force working on
satellite projects and space technology. In his talk at NewSpace NYC, Dr.
Schneider gave a walkthrough of the types of weapons and their effects on
space systems and the survivability of those space systems. There are two
types of techniques, which are active and passive. Passive (hardening)
techniques are primarily centered around nuclear, laser and kinetic weapons
effects. Active techniques consist of maneuvering, decoys, shoot-back and
proliferation, for example. Regarding kinetic protection techniques, research
on hypervelocity impacts has led to development of debris shields.
The ISS has a few debris shields like these.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
He continued to share notable stories of lasers and underground nuclear tests
in Nevada. In his projects, Dr. Schneider participated in tests conducting
different experiments. These were not the average test-tube and agarose
gel experiments, these were nuclear tests with atomic bombs going off. Dr.
Schneider commented on how blast doors would contain the underground
explosions. However, there was one test where the blast doors did not close,
and the test caused a conflagration in the chamber.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
The Miniature Sensor Technology Integration-3 (MSTI-3) is a satellite system,
launched in 1997, which surveyed the Earth, mountains and sea by collecting
data. MSTI-3 capabilities were so useful that its mission was extended. The
DOD used the Mid-Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser (MIRACL), to “dazzle” the
MSTI-3 sensors and collect sensor effectiveness data. News of the test created
a surge of controversy and an exchange of correspondence letters from Boris
Yeltsin and Bill Clinton. The ‘Dear Bill/ Dear Boris’ correspondence initiated
when former Russian President Boris Yeltsin had mistakenly thought the U.S.
was engaging in an Anti-Satellite (ASAT) test. Mr. Yeltsin was alarmed whether
the U.S. was engaged in the research and development of anti-satellite weapons
. Former U.S. president, Bill Clinton, replied that the tests were only
dazzling the sensors to the harbingering accusations from Mr. Yeltsin, denying
the statements of anti-satellite weapons. The test results significantly
alarmed the Air Force how even low-powers lasers could damage space-based sensors.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
“The damage caused by the small laser alarmed many Pentagon and military
officials because it showed that low-powered lasers can damage space sensors
after only a short exposure. "There was a lot of panic over that," one
official said.” (FAS)
</p>
<br/>
<p>
There is a mission ground segment for every satellite. This could be a
security vulnerability because a hijacker would only have to target ground
control in order to take out the effectiveness of the satellite. Implications
of such an attack concerned the satellites of the DOD, NASA, and NOAA, as well
as commercial satellite companies. The most memorable of Dr. Schneider’s
stories were his activities in war-games for the Military War College students
, notably “Army After Next” “Navy Global”, and “AF Space Games.” In one
“Army After Next” there was a simulated scenario where satellites were ‘nuked
in space’ which implied the destruction of the GPS constellation by setting
off nuclear weapons in their orbits. Of course, these were all simulated
scenarios and did not actually take place.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
AF Space Games were more geared to general space activities and how space
capabilities and their employment drive the outcome and impact of
terrestrial conflicts. Generally there would be two teams, the red team and
the blue team. Each team would write down their plan of action and submit
them at the end of that day to the game’s judges. The judges would determine
what would happen the next day from each team’s written maneuvers and plans.
This was more of a qualitative exercise and allowed them to deduce the
feasibility of certain actions and outcomes were, as well as set probabilities
. Features allowed them to ascertain which satellites would be affected. And
even though these were just simulated scenarios, it startled everyone that
someone actually did go after a real satellite, even in the game, thus opening
many eyes to see how these scenarios are realistic and inevitably much more
development was required by the Air Force.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
Dr. Schneider discussed methodological processes of the Department of Defense
(DoD). DoD uses a five year process to program budgets for their Services.
He discussed the Services’ approaches to product divisions, laboratories,
funding, research and business/contracting. Dr. Schneider was able to share
some general information about the DoD, providing a glimpse into how private
companies would coordinate with government facilities. There are services
and finances for small business research, notably the Small Business
Innovative Research (SBIR) programs.
</p>
<br/>
<p>
Dr. Schneider gave a glimpse into the dynamic and fruitful space / aeronautic
oriented missions by the DoD and Air Force. His experiences are a few of the
prospects many share and desire for furthering the development of our space
industry. Dr. Schneider’s journey is still ongoing. His endeavors may
influence a younger and eager generation of astropreneurs such as depicted by
NewSpace NYC’s efforts as a space accelerator. Watching the video of Dr.
Garret Schneider and hearing his story, one can only want to explore further
into the unknown of outer-space as inquisitive children of the Universe.
</p>
<br/>
Siting
<ul class="circle-bullets">
<li>
<a href="http://fas.org/spp/military/program/test/980116-msti.htm">http://fas.org/spp/military/program/test/980116-msti.htm</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://fas.org/spp/military/program/test/980116-msti.htm">http://fas.org/spp/military/program/asat/wt_980102.htm</a>
</li>
</ul>
</span> <!-- ending schema.org articleBody -->
<br>
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