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rovers.txt
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rovers.txt
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Roving observer file. This contains "MPC codes" for observers who
don't have MPC codes, mostly satellite observers. Also, MPC provides
wrong or imprecise coordinates for many obscodes, and/or lumps many
telescopes spread out over a mountaintop under one obscode. This file
provides corrected locations in such cases.
Locations can be in the MPC standard longitude/rho_cos_phi/rho_sin_phi
triplet format, or as lon/lat/altitude. So far, MPC has used codes
with starting characters 0-9 or A-Z, followed by two digits. So I've
used three letter codes, often mixed-case, ideally giving a hint as
to the observatory. One is not limited to alphanumerics; note the use
of '2.2' and '0.6' for the Maunakea 2.2-meter and 0.6-meter scopes.
Characters from ASCII 33 = '!' to 126='~' can be used, for 94^3=830584
possible observatory codes. That should last for a while.
Altitudes marked with '?' are usually just copied from the altitude
given for a nearby telescope, and may not be completely accurate.
The '!' in column 5 indicates that the data depart from the usual MPC
format. The observatory name starts in column 48, rather than column
31, to allow more precision. It also gives room to specify a non-Earth
based observer (see examples below for planets, MSL, LCROSS and Chang'e
5-T1 booster impact points, Lagrange points, etc.) It allows for
four-character MPC codes. Punched-card format astrometry won't support
those, but ADES will, and some of my software allows one to request
(for example) ephemerides from a four-character "MPC code". I may
support such codes by allowing 81-column astrometry, though that would
force us to abandon punched cards.
Longitudes and latitudes are either in decimal degree or deg/min/sec
form. See, e.g., (273) EISCAT for an example of the latter. East and
North are positive. For West 82.3 degrees, you could use either -82.3
or 277.7 (implied east), or 2774200. or -821800.
Altitudes are in meters above the (WGS84) ellipsoid. The difference
between ellipsoidal altitudes and above sea level altitudes can be up
to about 100 meters. Gareth Williams tells me that MPC has been careful
about asking people which flavor of altitude they're using. If they
give an ASL elevation, he corrects it to an ellipsoidal one using the
EGM96 model. Google Earth altitudes are ASL and therefore always
corrected; GPS positions have to be flagged so that MPC can know
whether to correct them.
To get the correction ("geoid height") between ellipsoidal and
geodetic (sea level) altitudes, use this :
http://geographiclib.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/GeoidEval
Any line in this file starting with a space is assumed to be a
comment. Negative longitudes (and those between 180 and 360) are in
the Western Hemisphere.
NOTE that rather than add codes here, one can use code (247), the
"roving observer", as described at
https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/RovingObs.html
_Or_, one can use code (XXX), as described at
https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/info/Astrometry.html#HowObsCode
For this last, one uses code XXX, and inserts a line at the top of the
observations such as
COM Long. 239 18 45 E, Lat. 33 54 11 N, Alt. 100m, Google Earth
Note that MPC is rather strict about the above format (east longitudes
only, degrees/minutes/seconds). Find_Orb is more flexible -- you can
use any "code", meaning you can even move existing codes, and you can
use decimal degrees and West longitudes if you wish -- but don't expect
MPC to understand what you've done.
Also note that some information about codes can be gathered via URLs
of the form
https://cgi.minorplanetcenter.net/cgi-bin/cgipy/obscode?obscode=xxx
where xxx=code in question. This can (sometimes) get you an 'owner',
which may help in tracking down information about a particular site.
My thanks to Peter Birtwhistle for pointing this out to me.
Some artificial satellite observers :
GRR ! 18.5129 -33.94058 10 Greg Roberts, South Africa
MMc ! 262.1339 +30.1316 918 Mike McCants
RPa ! -71.0000 +43.6666 200 Ralph Pass
ScT !-123.6685 +49.4348 40 Roberts Creek 1 (Scott Tilley)
ATA !-121.4695 +40.8178 986 Allen Telescope Array
EKa ! 10.279056 +54.35333 60 Edgar Kaiser
Brb ! 5.896093 +43.155552 240 Barbeau
When 2008 TC3 impacted the earth on 7 Oct 2008, I added the impact point
as an "observatory" so I could get impact-centered ephemerides easily.
Similarly for the 2014 AA estimated impact coordinates, 100 km above
the Atlantic Ocean, and various other impact points.
Sud ! 33.11952 +20.59777 10 Sudan impact site
Atl ! -43.2 +12.5 100000 2014 AA impact location
C5i !+233.51049 +05.19390 10 @10 Chang'e 5-T1 stage impact point
LCO ! 311.75834 -84.56139 10 @10 LCROSS impact site
WT1 ! 80.9004 +05.5488 0 WT1190F nominal impact point
Shortly after the Chelyabinsk meteor impacted, I computed a (_very) rough
orbit based on the object coming in ten km above Chelyabinsk at 17.3 km/s
from azimuth 97, alt +18. The following 'Che' code helped :
Che ! 61.42 +55.1528 10000 Chelyabinsk meteor
Bowdoinham, Maine, my home town in the northeastern United States,
added so I could get topocentric ephemerides readily :
Bow ! -69.9 +44.01 100 Bowdoinham
The centers of the Sun, moon, and planets are treated as 'rovers'.
(You'll see below Spirit, Opportunity, and various other spacecraft
set up as 'rovers' on Mars.)
Bar ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @12 SS Barycenter
Sun ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @0 Sun
Mer ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @1 Mercury
Ven ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @2 Venus
Mar ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @4 Mars
Jup ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @5 Jupiter
Sat ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @6 Saturn
Ura ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @7 Uranus
Nep ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @8 Neptune
Plu ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @9 Pluto
Lun ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @10 Luna
Lagrange points are approximate (but good approximation) fictions.
L1, L2, and L3 are assumed to lie in straight lines with both bodies
at fractions based on the relative masses of the objects. L4 and L5
are at equilateral triangle points. Perturbations are ignored. I
don't expect observations to be made from these points; this is
really so you can compute ephemerides from these locations. See
'environ.dat' for info on how to set up L points for other systems.
SE1 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000031 Sun-Earth L1
SE2 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000032 Sun-Earth L2
SE3 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000033 Sun-Earth L3
SE4 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000034 Sun-Earth L4
SE5 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000035 Sun-Earth L5
EM1 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90030101 Earth-Moon L1
EM2 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90030102 Earth-Moon L2
EM3 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90030103 Earth-Moon L3
EM4 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90030104 Earth-Moon L4
EM5 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90030105 Earth-Moon L5
SJ1 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000051 Sun-Jupiter L1
SJ2 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000052 Sun-Jupiter L2
SJ3 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000053 Sun-Jupiter L3
SJ4 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000054 Sun-Jupiter L4
SJ5 ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00 @90000055 Sun-Jupiter L5
Note that ephems generated from these spacecraft require auxiliary
files saying where the spacecraft were at a given time. I don't
distribute those files by default, because (a) some of them are
large and (b) you can only go just so far into the future before
they may not be entirely accurate. Should you want ephems for
objects as seen from these spacecraft, or any other spacecraft
listed on JPL's Horizons system, contact me.
Luc ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @-2 Lucy
SoO ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @-2 Solar Orbiter
PSP ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @-2 Parker Space Probe
Cas ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @-2 Cassini
JWT ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @-2 James Webb Space Telescope
MEx ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @-2 Mars Express
Met ! 7.212778 +51.520802 54 Bernd Brinkmann meteor site
JSt ! 8.32 +52.02 300 Joerg Strunk meteor site
SBo ! 8.327722 +47.525778 450 Sandro Boschetti
TAROT position from http://tarot.obs-hp.fr/tarot/infos/. See
(TaS) below, in the La Silla section.
Tar ! 6.92389 +43.75222 1270 TAROT Calern Observatory
There are at least eleven telescopes on Maunakea. Until 2022 Oct 7,
all (with a few exceptions) were lumped as (568). Some are not very
close to the position specified for (568). See
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1106.5835 for an example where the difference
matters -- admittedly unusual, involving a close-in artificial object;
there have been a few NEOs where it also mattered. The following list
is from: http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/IRrefdata/telescope_ref_data.php,
and/or http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/mko/coordinates.shtml (same data).
I had doubts about these lat/lon/alts, derived from an aerial survey
and in NAD83 datum, with altitudes in feet (data given in non-metric
units always makes me worry) and given to a meaningless precision of
about 0.3 millimeters -- those sorts of mistakes usually mean bogus data
-- but checks with people who have actually been on Maunakea with GPS
units and by Dave Tholen (see below) have assuaged those worries.
Lat/lon/alts in this file are supposed to be on the WGS84 ellipsoid.
I just took the NAD83 lat/longs and ignored the difference (about two
meters). I increased altitudes by 26 meters, the approximate geoid
height given by
https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/cgi-bin/GeoidEval?input=19.82528+-155.46887&option=Submit
to convert heights above sea level (or, equivalently, above the geoid)
to heights above the WGS84 ellipsoid.
No altitudes were given for JCMT and CSO. 4190 meters (increased by
26 meters) seemed at least roughly in the ballpark of the altitudes for
the other telescopes.
Note also that the MPC position for (568) corresponds to longitude
-155.4722, lat 19.8262, 4202 meters. After allowing for roundoff
(only five digits on parallaxes!), this looks like the correct
position for IRTF.
Dave Tholen has gotten a precise measurement for the 2.2-m scope
by imaging navigation satellites. The resulting position was 1.3133e-5
degrees (about 1.46 meters) north, 2.6364e-5 degrees (about 2.76 meters)
west, and 4.975 meters higher than the aerial survey position. We think
the aerial survey is internally consistent, so I've added the same
offset to the other Maunakea scopes in that survey.
Note that (2.2), (CFH), and (Sub) now have official MPC codes (T12),
(T14), and (T09). I've retained the three older codes for historical
compatibility, but you should now use the officially blessed codes.
longitude latitude height
DDD.ddddddddd DD.ddddddddd (m)
0.6 !-155.470989106 +19.821627436 4217.302 Univ of Hawaii 0.6-m, Maunakea
2.2 !-155.469459900 +19.823004200 4244.530 University of Hawaii 88-inch telescope, Maunakea
CFH !-155.468902081 +19.825264933 4235.081 Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Maunakea
T13 !-155.472025153 +19.826231450 4199.042 NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, Maunakea
T11 !-155.470353114 +19.822444616 4229.473 United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Maunakea
JCM !-155.477027458 +19.822820747 4220.975 James Clerke Maxwell Telescope (JCMT)
CSO !-155.475523433 +19.822451072 4220.975 Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO)
T16 !-155.474744878 +19.825959680 4190.556 W. M. Keck Observatory, Keck 1, Maunakea
T17 !-155.474260442 +19.826573655 4190.556 W. M. Keck Observatory, Keck 2, Maunakea
Sub !-155.476045028 +19.825517091 4193.976 Subaru Telescope, Maunakea
T15 !-155.469073117 +19.823814580 4244.414 Gemini North Observatory, Maunakea
From http://cso.caltech.edu/wiki/cso/telescope/telescope : a position
about 400 meters northwest of the above aerial survey position, and
dozens of meters lower in altitude! (Again with 26 meters added on
the assumption that the altitude given at the page is ASL, not ellipsoidal.)
Note that MPC has added this as code (T10), almost between (Cso) and (CSO),
slightly closer to the former, but at altitude 4111 meters, well below
every other telescope on the mountain.
Cso !-155.478367778 +19.825471667 4165 Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO)
Following position from Geoff Bowers :
MKV !-155.45551209 +19.8013877 3763.061 Maunakea VLBA
The following five (official) MPC sites have corrected positions,
copy/pasted from the above.
266 !-155.476045028 +19.825517091 4193.976 New Horizons KBO Search-Subaru
267 !-155.468902081 +19.825264933 4235.081 New Horizons KBO Search-CFHT
T09 !-155.476045028 +19.825517091 4193.976 Subaru Telescope, Maunakea
T12 !-155.469459900 +19.823004200 4244.530 University of Hawaii 88-inch telescope, Maunakea
T14 !-155.468902081 +19.825264933 4235.081 Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, Maunakea
Ce1 ! -2.566025 +37.982840 1532 Centu1 (J75 scope)
At one time, it looked as if there might be some Dawn-based astrometry,
with coordinates relative to Ceres.
Daw ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 @10 Dawn spacecraft
I found some observations of Phobos transiting the Sun as seen from
Spirit and Opportunity, and wanted to compute ephems from the rovers.
Updated 2020 Mar 12 using data from the Mars24 clock program,
https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/ . Note that it gives remarks
about significant disagreements in positions between sources. East
longitudes are positive, as on Earth. Positions given with altitudes
are from JPL _Horizons_ (entered 2023 Nov 26).
Spi !-184.5271 -14.5691999 -2647.5 @4 Spirit
Opp ! 354.6427098 -02.2554835 -2104.2 @4 Opportunity
MSL !-222.5583 -04.5894999 -4501. @4 MSL (Curiosity)
InS !-224.3765531 +04.5023842 -2613.4 @4 Mars InSight
Pho !-125.752 +68.219 -4100. @4 Phoenix lander, Mars
Pat !-033.2542969 +19.3115308 -4190.7 @4 Mars Pathfinder
Vk1 !-047.95137 +22.5093139 -3941.7 @4 Viking 1
Vk2 !-225.719635 +48.0061408 -3365.8 @4 Viking 2
Be2 ! 90.43 +11.53 0 @4 Beagle 2
ExM ! 353.79 -02.07 0 @4 ExoMars Schiaparelli
Per !-282.5491 +18.4446 -2567. @4 Perseverance, Mars
ExM ! 335.45 +18.20 0 @4 ExoMars 2022
MPL ! 195.3 -76.1 0 @4 Mars Polar Lander
Ma6 ! 19.42 -23.9 0 @4 Mars 6 site
Ma3 ! 202. -45. 0 @4 Mars 3 site
Ma2 ! 47. -45. 0 @4 Mars 2 site
Zhu ! 109.925 +25.066 -4099.4 @4 Zhurong landing site
In some cases, viewpoints from the Moon may be useful.
Ch4 ! 177.589 -45.457 0 @10 Chang'e 4 lander
Ch3 ! -19.5116 +44.1214 0 @10 Chang'e 3 lander
11a ! 23.47307 +00.67344989 -1927.6 @10 Apollo 11 LRRR
LHD ! 62.2129 +12.7142001 -3670.0 @10 Luna-24 landing site
Su7 ! 348.4873 -40.9811999 81.0 @10 Surveyor 7 landing site
Cd3 ! 32.319 -69.3729998 492.0 @10 Chandrayaan-3 Vikram site
LNA ! -45.896527 -22.01097 1000 LNA (Laboratorio Nacional de Astrofisica)
There has been one radar observation, of (367943) Duende (2012 DA14),
made from the following station. It's at E 19 13' 33.1", N 69 35' 11.3",
altitude 89.16 meters, in Norway. The formatting should be obvious :
273 ! 191333.10 +693511.3 89.16 EISCAT Tromso UHF (32-m)
Jah ! 008.351507 +54.652323 10 Jost Jahn's home observatory
Coordinates for DSN Stations, added 2016 Sep 27, from
ftp://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/eph/planets/stations/dsn.itrf93/dsn.itrf93_geodetic_19sep2016.txt
Similar degree/minute/second formatting as with (273) EISCAT above.
longitude latitude height
DDDmmss.sssss DDmmss.sssss (m)
d12 ! 2431140.23879 +351759.77350 962.15503 DSS 12 Goldstone Echo 34-meter
d13 ! 2431219.94762 +351449.79132 1070.44450 DSS 13 Goldstone Venus 34-meter
d14 ! 2430637.66245 +352533.24313 1001.39054 DSS 14 Goldstone 70-meter
d15 ! 2430646.09763 +352518.67180 973.21110 DSS 15 Goldstone 34-meter
d16 ! 2430734.86091 +352029.54181 943.97719 DSS 16 Goldstone 26-meter
d17 ! 2430735.38070 +352031.83568 936.91591 DSS 17 Goldstone 9-meter
d23 ! 2430737.69313 +352022.38127 945.35142 DSS 23 Goldstone 11-meter
d24 ! 2430730.74021 +352023.61408 951.51136 DSS 24 Goldstone 34-meter
d25 ! 2430728.69246 +352015.40307 959.63401 DSS 25 Goldstone 34-meter
d26 ! 2430737.14089 +352008.48104 968.69315 DSS 26 Goldstone 34-meter
d27 ! 2431324.05839 +351417.77841 1052.46882 DSS 27 Goldstone 34-meter
d28 ! 2431315.99178 +351417.77927 1064.64775 DSS 28 Goldstone 34-meter
d33 ! 1485859.13040 -352401.74505 684.09999 DSS 33 Canberra 11-meter
d34 ! 1485855.07192 -352354.52383 692.02036 DSS 34 Canberra 34-meter
d35 ! 1485853.24074 -352344.86387 694.88925 DSS 35 Canberra 34-meter
d36 ! 1485842.75932 -352342.36634 685.50534 DSS 36 Canberra 34-meter
d42 ! 1485852.56264 -352402.42868 674.61529 DSS 42 Canberra 34-meter
d43 ! 1485852.56232 -352408.72724 688.86727 DSS 43 Tidbinbilla 70-meter
d45 ! 1485839.66828 -352354.44767 674.34745 DSS 45 Canberra 34-meter
d46 ! 1485859.09407 -352418.03830 676.81253 DSS 46 Canberra 26-meter
d49 ! 1481548.65612 -325954.23645 414.81554 DSS 49 Parkes
d53 ! 3554501.25220 +402538.48625 826.79158 DSS 53 Madrid 11-meter
d54 ! 3554445.25142 +402532.23806 837.05188 DSS 54 Madrid 34-meter
d55 ! 3554450.52012 +402527.46526 819.06158 DSS 55 Madrid 34-meter
d56 ! 3554452.58152 +402533.48293 835.86840 DSS 56 Madrid 34-meter
d61 ! 3554503.51994 +402543.46101 840.42622 DSS 61 Robledo 34-meter
d63 ! 3554507.16925 +402552.35510 864.81685 DSS 63 Robledo 70-meter
d65 ! 3554457.48397 +402537.94289 833.85442 DSS 65 Madrid 34-meter
d66 ! 3554454.89654 +402547.90955 849.87404 DSS 66 Madrid 26-meter
The coordinates supplied for these stations by the MPC are
given to 10^-6 Earth radius (in latitude/altitude), which
is about six meters. At least one radar observation is
given with a sigma of 0.05 microseconds. That's a round-trip
time; in 25 nanoseconds, light travels about 7.5 meters. So
we ought to replace the MPC parallax data with the following
lat/lon/alts. The precision in lat/lon is about 0.3 mm,
with room for two more digits (3-micron precision). Go and
try making _that_ insufficient precision, radar guys!
252 ! 2431219.94762 +351449.79132 1070.44450 Goldstone DSS 13, Fort Irwin
253 ! 2430637.66245 +352533.24313 1001.39054 Goldstone DSS 14, Fort Irwin
257 ! 2430728.69246 +352015.40307 959.63401 Goldstone DSS 25, Fort Irwin
Coordinates for Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachon telescopes, from
https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1616 , Table 6. Note that some positions
given here don't match those given by MPC's ObsCodes.html. In
particular, the location for (I33) given by MPC is about half a
kilometer west of reality (compared to the above reference, and
the map at http://www.ctio.noao.edu/soar/content/location , and
inspection on G__gle Maps). I am reasonably sure that (I02) 2MASS,
and five LCO telescopes are among those listed below, but matching
up the telescopes listed below to their MPC codes is difficult;
the area is a packed array of domes, and the MPC coordinates are
not up to the job of puzzling out which scope is which. Also,
the altitude listed for LSST is ~15m below the planned altitude
of the pier floor, which is in turn somewhere below the point where
the optical axis crosses the altitude axis (the point we really
want when we say "where the telescope is"). So my bet is that
most of these altitudes are at least a few meters lower than they
really should be.
W84 ! -704823.49 -301010.78 2241.4 Blanco 4-m
S1.5! -704824.44 -301009.42 2241.9 SMARTS 1.5-m
S1.0! -704821.83 -301007.92 2240.5 SMARTS 1.0-m
S0.9! -704823.86 -301007.90 2241.4 SMARTS 0.9-m
C0.6! -704822.63 -301008.60 2240.9 Curtis Schmidt 0.6-m
UCAC! -704822.82 -301006.95 2241.2 Former UCAC
CHAS! -704821.65 -301006.97 2240.5 Former CHASE
RASI! -704825.11 -301008.03 2238 RASICAM
WHAM! -704812.85 -301005.92 2188 WHAM
W93 ! -704814.39 -301001.84 2182 Korea Microlensing Telescope Network-CTIO
W85 ! -704817.24 -301002.58 2198 Cerro Tololo-LCO A
W86 ! -704816.78 -301002.39 2198 Cerro Tololo-LCO B
W87 ! -704816.85 -301002.81 2198 Cerro Tololo-LCO C
S1.3! -704817.92 -301002.81 2200 SMARTS 1.3-m
PRO1! -704818.91 -301003.52 2207 PROMPT #1
PRO2! -704819.56 -301003.49 2207 PROMPT #2
PRO3! -704818.85 -301003.17 2207 PROMPT #3
PRO4! -704819.32 -301003.56 2207 PROMPT #4
PRO5! -704819.16 -301003.16 2207 PROMPT #5
PRO6! -704818.96 -301003.82 2207 PROMPT #6
PRO7! -704819.36 -301004.33 2208 PROMPT #7
GONG! -704819.84 -301003.92 2209 GONG
SSIA! -704819.56 -301005.28 2212 SSI Airglow
T80S! -704820.48 -301004.31 2212 T80-South (site)
SARA! -704757.13 -301019.72 2151 SARA South 0.6-m
I11 ! -704412.06 -301426.67 2748 Gemini South 8.2-m
I33 ! -704401.11 -301416.41 2738 SOAR 4.1-m
Note that LSST = Rubin now has obscode (X05), same lat/lon
(almost), but MPC puts the observatory 37m higher. As explained
above, MPC is probably correct here.
LSST! -704457.90 -301440.68 2647 LSST 8.4-m (site)
LSA ! -704451.80 -301441.27 2647 LSST Aux. 1.4-m (site)
ALO ! -704417.50 -301506.37 2552 Andes LIDAR Obs. (ALO)
Wrr ! 149.1930 -31.2763 552. Warrumbungle Observatory
Dub ! 148.58525 -31.29358 300. Dubbo Observatory
https://www.eso.org/public/usa/teles-instr/lasilla/ provides a map of
telescopes at La Silla, enabling me to identify the following scopes
and measure lat/lon/alts on G__gle Earth. MPC lumps these at (809)
and (262), which appear to be for NTT, and (I40) TRAPPIST. I've
added a 34 metre geoid height to the Google values.
Mike Kretlow points out that (262) probably corresponds to the 1-m
ESO Schmidt. I'm not moving (262) quite yet, but that does look
as if it would be the right thing to do.
(gpo) observed from 1968 June 6 until it was decommissioned in 1996
and replaced by the 1-m MarLy telescope (now also decommissioned in
2009), so (gpo) and (Ma1) have identical coordinates. The GPO is
now at the Observatoire Haut-Provence in France (see (GPO) below).
I40 ! -70.739391 -29.254609 2349 La Silla--TRAPPIST
Da5 ! -70.739587 -29.254999 2354 Danish 50-cm, La Silla
ES5 ! -70.739373 -29.255072 2356 ESO 0.5-m, La Silla
Boc ! -70.739644 -29.255257 2355 Bochum 0.61-m, La Silla
Du9 ! -70.739387 -29.255496 2360 Dutch 0.9-m, La Silla
ELS ! -70.738925 -29.255892 2369 ESO 1.52-m, La Silla
ES1 ! -70.738377 -29.256736 2371 ESO 1-m (decommissioned), La Silla
Mas ! -70.737820 -29.257163 2370 Multi-site All-Sky CAmeRA (MASCARA), La Silla
gpo ! -70.737972 -29.257378 2369 Grand Prisme Objectif
Ma1 ! -70.737972 -29.257378 2369 MarLy 1-m, La Silla
Ms3 ! -70.737890 -29.257550 2368 Marseille 0.36-m, La Silla
Dan ! -70.737517 -29.257800 2366 Danish 1.54-m, La Silla
MPG ! -70.736642 -29.257896 2364 MPG/ESO Max Planck 2.2-m, La Silla
ESo ! -70.735790 -29.258138 2364 ESO 1-m Schmidt, La Silla
DIM ! -70.735334 -29.258092 2365 DIMM (Differential Motion Monitor), La Silla
NTT ! -70.733837 -29.258970 2384 New Technology Telescope, La Silla
LEu ! -70.732962 -29.259573 2382 Leonhard Euler 1.2-m, La Silla
TaS ! -70.732578 -29.260101 2397 TAROT, La Silla
ESO ! -70.731784 -29.261065 2420 ESO 3.6-m, La Silla
CAT ! -70.731830 -29.260797 2422 CAT (Coude Auxiliary Telescope), La Silla
SST ! -70.732371 -29.263556 2397 Swedish-ESO Submillimetre (SEST), La Silla
https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/astroclimate/site.html gives
latitude/longitude for not only each of the four "unit telescopes"
making up the VLT; it also gives lat/longs for the many auxiliary
telescopes. However, they're all given as being at 2635.43 meters
above sea level. The geoid height is 33.91 meters for UT1 (using
EGM96), resulting in an ellipsoidal height of 2369.34 meters.
I'll go with that until we get better data...
Incidentally, there are actually four 1.8-m auxiliary telescopes.
But they can be moved to any of the thirty locations CPA0 to CPM0
given below.
UT1 ! -702418.27 -243739.44 2369.34 VLT UT1 (Antu)
UT2 ! -702417.39 -243737.80 2369.34 VLT UT2 (Kueyen)
UT3 ! -702416.32 -243736.64 2369.34 VLT UT3 (Melipal)
UT4 ! -702414.25 -243737.36 2369.34 VLT UT4 (Yepun)
VST ! -702414.27 -243734.79 2369.34 VLT VST
VIST! -702351.36 -243656.52 2369.34 VLT VISTA
CPA0! -702418.44 -243740.59 2369.34 VLT A0
CPA1! -702418.26 -243741.08 2369.34 VLT A1
CPB0! -702418.17 -243740.50 2369.34 VLT B0
CPB1! -702417.99 -243740.99 2369.34 VLT B1
CPB2! -702417.89 -243741.24 2369.34 VLT B2
CPB3! -702417.80 -243741.48 2369.34 VLT B3
CPB4! -702417.71 -243741.73 2369.34 VLT B4
CPB5! -702417.62 -243741.97 2369.34 VLT B5
CPC0! -702417.90 -243740.42 2369.34 VLT C0
CPC1! -702417.72 -243740.91 2369.34 VLT C1
CPC2! -702417.63 -243741.15 2369.34 VLT C2
CPC3! -702417.53 -243741.40 2369.34 VLT C3
CPD0! -702417.36 -243740.25 2369.34 VLT D0
CPD1! -702416.99 -243741.23 2369.34 VLT D1
CPD2! -702416.81 -243741.72 2369.34 VLT D2
CPE0! -702416.83 -243740.08 2369.34 VLT E0
CPG0! -702416.29 -243739.91 2369.34 VLT G0
CPG1! -702415.55 -243741.87 2369.34 VLT G1
CPG2! -702416.57 -243739.18 2369.34 VLT G2
CPH0! -702415.21 -243739.58 2369.34 VLT H0
CPI1! -702414.48 -243740.72 2369.34 VLT I1
CPJ1! -702414.13 -243740.06 2369.34 VLT J1
CPJ2! -702413.85 -243740.79 2369.34 VLT J2
CPJ3! -702415.05 -243737.61 2369.34 VLT J3
CPJ4! -702415.24 -243737.12 2369.34 VLT J4
CPJ5! -702415.52 -243736.39 2369.34 VLT J5
CPJ6! -702415.79 -243735.65 2369.34 VLT J6
CPK0! -702414.14 -243739.24 2369.34 VLT K0
CPL0! -702413.87 -243739.16 2369.34 VLT L0
CPM0! -702413.60 -243739.07 2369.34 VLT M0
Private communication from Peter Birtwhistle. (J95) is at
a _geoid_ height (from Google Earth) of 105 metres; this was
misinterpreted as an _ellipsoid_ altitude in the MPC's file.
The following will override that mistake, adding in the
47.6-m geoid height for Peter's location. (MPC has fixed this.
But the following coordinates are more precise, and Peter
observes a lot of artsats, where the added precision matters.)
J95 ! 358.552997 51.474969 152.6 Great Shefford
"MPC code" used in Find_Orb's ephemeris code when generating a
list of precoveries.
CSS ! 0.0000 0.00000 +0.00000 CSS precoveries
Fixed position for (H01), private communication from Bill Ryan.
Height above geoid 3250 m, geoid height -23 meters.
H01 !-1071121.6 +335905.4 3227 Magdalena Ridge Observatory, Socorro
Spacewatch telescope positions are off. (691) was wrong by
almost half a kilometer, but fixed January 2019. (291) is still
wrong, though only by about 20 meters. Altitude is from
https://spacewatch.lpl.arizona.edu/telescopes
with 30 meters subtracted for geoid height.
291 !-111.599905 +31.961669 2045. LPL/Spacewatch II
Other scopes measured while looking at Kitt Peak in Google Earth.
https://www.noao.edu/kpno/usrhnbk/mtn.gif used to ID most telescopes.
30m subtracted to get ellipsoidal altitudes.
May !-111.599895 +31.964027 2051. Mayall telescope, Kitt Peak
1.3 !-111.598406 +31.959634 2042. 1.3-m RCT telescope, Kitt Peak
2.1 !-111.598296 +31.958175 2055. 2.1-m telescope, Kitt Peak
WIY !-111.600586 +31.958052 2057. WIYN telescope, Kitt Peak
Bur !-111.599203 +31.960597 2060. Burrell Schmidt, Kitt Peak
Unk1!-111.598157 +31.960070 2042. Near visitor center, Kitt Peak
WIY2!-111.599620 +31.958041 2060. WIYN 0.9-m, Kitt Peak
Unk2!-111.600237 +31.958013 2058. Sm dome between WIYN domes, Kitt Peak
Unk3!-111.602183 +31.958133 2058. Roll-off roof W of WIYN, Kitt Peak
From http://kp12m.as.arizona.edu/12m_docs/12_meter_description.htm .
Again, I subtracted 30 meters for geoid height. The odd mismatch in
precision for latitude and longitude makes me suspect mistakes.
12m !-1113653.475 +315712.0 1884. ARO 12 Meter Telescope
The MDM Observatory at Kitt Peak has the 1.3-m McGraw-Hill Telescope and
the 2.4-m Hiltner Telescope, separated by roughly 60 meters. The MPC
coordinates for (697) appear to come from
http://mdm.kpno.noao.edu/13_manual/mgh03.html , and are given to arcminute
precision, about 1.5 km from the positions below. I've measured both scopes
on Google Maps; Eric Galayda provided altitudes and IDs as to which scope was
which (not really apparent otherwise). As with other Kitt Peak scopes, 30
meters is subtracted from the geoid heights to get ellipsoidal heights.
Hil !-111.615864 +31.951503 1908.5 Kitt Peak, Hiltner
697 !-111.616685 +31.951754 1895. Kitt Peak, McGraw-Hill
Positions for the Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope from Keel et. al :
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/129/971/015002/pdf
(SARA-Cerro Tololo is given above from its original source; SARA-Kitt Peak
corrected via private communication from Bill Keel.) The 2369 meter altitude
given for JKT is above sea level; 40 meters is added to get an ellipsoidal
alt, as it is for INT, WHT, and other Observatorio del Roque de Los
Muchachos (ORM) telescopes.
G82 !-111.599597 +31.960596 2043 SARA Observatory, Kitt Peak
JKT ! -175241.1 +284540.2 2409 Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope
Source : http://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/telescopes/int/intcoord.html
INT ! -17.877639 +28.762056 2376 Isaac Newton Telescope
Source : http://www.ing.iac.es/Astronomy/telescopes/wht/whtcoord.html
WHT ! -17.881639 +28.760639 2372 William Herschel Telescope
Source : http://www.tng.iac.es/instruments/telescope_description.html
Z19 ! -175320.6 +284514.4 2427.2 Telescopio Nazionale Galileo
Source : http://www.not.iac.es/telescope/tti/technical-details.html
NOT ! -175306.3 +284526.2 2422 Nordic Optical Telescope
Source : http://telescope.livjm.ac.uk/TelInst/Spec/
J13 ! -17.8792 +28.7624 2403 Liverpool Telescope, Canary Islands
Sources : http://www.mercator.iac.es/instruments/telescope/,
http://www.gtc.iac.es/gtc/gtc.php, http://www.magic.iac.es/site/index.html
for altitudes. For these scopes, lat/lon is given to one arcsecond
= 30m precision, so I'm sticking to G__gle Maps for that part.
Z18 ! -175330.8 +284523.8 2340 Gran Telescopio Canarias
Z20 ! -17.878484 +28.762366 2373 Mercator Telescope, Canary Islands
Ma1 ! -17.890588 +28.761325 2271.38 MAGIC (southwest)
Ma2 ! -17.890085 +28.761963 2271.38 MAGIC (northeast)
Various telescopes near JKT can be identified from
http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/visits/mapaorm.png (WARNING: South is _up_),
then measured via G__gle Maps. I don't have altitudes for these scopes,
so they have the JKT altitude.
SWw ! -17.880691 +28.759647 2409 Canary Islands Swedish Telescope (west)
SWe ! -17.881313 +28.759634 2409 Canary Islands Swedish Telescope (east)
J50 ! -17.882403 +27.759999 2409 La Palma-NEON
Positions for some Haleakala scopes. Sorting out which was which was done
thanks to input from people who have worked there over the decades. Positions
measured from Google Earth. Altitude for (T05) is from the MPC file and is
good to 1e-6 Earth radius = 6.3 meters. Altitudes for (F65) and (608) are
from the same source, but given to one less digit = 63 meter precision.
DKIST alt is from https://dkist.nso.edu/faq, with a 17 meter geoid height
added. Which puts it pretty high up above everything else. Everybody else
has a 'guessed' altitude of 3050 meters above the ellipsoid.
DKI !-156.256154 +20.706789 3101 Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)
F65 !-156.257496 +20.707009 3055.001 Faulkes Telescope North
AMO !-156.256713 +20.708171 3050 AMOS 3.67m satellite surv, Haleakala
Mee !-156.256575 +20.706542 3050 Mees Solar Telescope, Haleakala
2IR !-156.257308 +20.708390 3050 2.5m IR sat surveillance, Haleakala
T05 !-156.257008 +20.707582 3040.957 ATLAS-HKO, Haleakala
Geo1!-156.257395 +20.708569 3050 GEODSS #1, Haleakala
Geo2!-156.257749 +20.708083 3050 GEODSS #2, Haleakala
Geo3!-156.257440 +20.708078 3050 GEODSS #3, Haleakala
608 !-156.257768 +20.708536 3040.446 Haleakala-AMOS
h241!-156.257855 +20.708404 3050 Haleakala 24" #1
h242!-156.257794 +20.708286 3050 Haleakala 24" #2
hOld!-156.257659 +20.708291 3050 Dome formerly at Haleakala
Zod !-156.256624 +20.707240 3050 Zodiacal light, Haleakala
HAA !-156.257185 +20.707308 3050 Haleakala Amateur Astronomers
Private communication, Carlos Jesus Perez Del Pulgar Mancebo, from
Google Maps. Note that (Z82) is a correction of the MPC position; Carlos
gave an altitude of 60 meters above the geoid, with 49 meters added for
geoid height; 370 meters above the geoid for (BO3), 7 meters added.
BO3 ! 169.68363 -45.03816 377 BOOTES-3, Lauder
Z82 ! -4.040972 +36.759222 109 BOOTES-2 Observatory, Algarrobo
Three BOOTES telescopes, from a private communication from Ignacio Perez
Garcia, 2019 Jul 23. BO1 is at 53m ASL + 50m geoid height. B04 is at
3230m minus 49 meters (the geoid is _below_ the ellipsoid there). BO5 is
at 2812m ASL minus 32 meters for geoid height.
BO1 ! -6.734106 +37.104098 103 BOOTES-1B
BO4 ! 100.030067 +26.695222 3181 BOOTES-4, Lijang, China
BO5 !-115.463611 +31.044167 2780 BOOTES-5, Mexico
Private communication, 2018 Jul 30, Giorgio Baj: "K38, 008 55 05.654 E,
45 52 25.533 N, 0484 m, GPS altitude referred MSL." Added 47 meters
for geoid height.
K38 ! 8.9182372 +45.8737592 531 M57 Observatory, Saltrio
National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand telescopes.
TRT ! 98.485555 +18.586944 2559 TRT (Thai Robotic Observatory)
Nar ! 98.4856944 +18.589972 2559 NARIT, Chiangmai
Artsat observers, from
https://github.com/cbassa/sattools/blob/1da489eb347683f1eb70bbd6575e8fcd289ca567/data/sites.txt
1111!-104.5614 +38.9478 2073 Ron Lee
4171! 6.3785 +52.8344 10 Cees Bassa
4172! 5.2580 +52.3713 -3 Leo Barhorst
4553! -2.2330 +53.3210 86 Cees Bassa
0001! -97.7610 +30.3340 160 Mike McCants
0002! -97.8661 +30.3138 280 Mike McCants
0030! 18.9727 +47.4857 400 Ivan Artner
0031! 18.7366 +47.5612 149 Ivan Artner
0070! -0.6003 +53.2233 30 Bob Christy
0100! 17.9138 +59.4627 0 Sven Grahn
0110! -96.8906 +32.5408 200 Lyn Kennedy
0433! 18.5129 -33.9406 10 Greg Roberts
0434! 27.9288 -26.1030 1646 Ian Roberts
0435! 18.5101 -33.9369 25 Greg Roberts
0710! 10.6756 +52.3261 85 Lutz Schindler
0899! -56.1227 -34.8961 30 Fernando Mederos
1056! 23.9833 +57.0122 4 Martins Keruss
1086! 30.7556 +46.4778 56 Nikolay Koshkin
1234! 024.7882 +60.1746 24 Tomi Simola
1244! 33.9701 +44.3932 69 Andriy Makeyev
1747! -72.3526 +45.7275 191 Daniel Deak
1775! -75.6910 +44.6062 200 Kevin Fetter
2018! -1.1188 +51.0945 124 Peter Wakelin
2115! -0.7950 +51.3286 75 Mike Waterman
2414! -1.8800 +50.7468 34 David Hopkins
2420! -3.1386 +55.9486 40 Russell Eberst
2563! 2.4043 +51.0524 10 Pierre Nierinck
2675! -2.3264 +52.1358 70 David Brierley
2701! -79.3924 +43.6876 230 Ted Molczan
2751! -1.9849 +51.3440 125 Bruce MacDonald
2756! -3.1623 +56.0907 25 Andy Kirkham
3333! 010.2205 +53.4506 0 Roland Proesch
4353! 4.4908 +52.1541 0 Marco Langbroek
4354! 4.5602 +52.1168 -2 Marco Langbroek
4355! 4.4994 +52.1388 -2 Marco Langbroek
4541! 12.4531 +41.9639 80 Alberto Rango
4542! 12.4545 +41.9683 80 Alberto Rango
4641! 16.9010 +41.1060 70 Alberto Rango
5555! 94.5533 +56.1019 154 Sergey Guryanov
5918! 18.1045 +59.2985 40 Bjorn Gimle
5919! 18.6206 +59.2615 30 Bjorn Gimle
6226! -97.8194 +28.4861 110 Scott Campbell
7777! -2.3267 +38.1656 1608 Brad Young remote
7778! 149.0644 -31.2733 1122 Brad Young SSO
7779!-105.5283 +32.9204 2225 Brad Young NM
0797! 022.1448 +36.9708 6 Pierros Papadeas
8048!-123.6420 +49.4175 1. Scott Tilley
8049!-123.6685 +49.4348 40. Scott Tilley
8305! -98.2163 +26.2431 30 Paul Gabriel
8335! -95.9838 +36.1397 205 Brad Young
8336! -95.9838 +36.1397 205 Brad Young
8438!-119.7750 +38.8108 1545 Sierra Stars
8536! -76.5010 +36.8479 4 Tim Luton
8539! -79.3388 +39.4707 839 Steve Newcomb
8597! 138.6333 -34.9638 100 Tony Beresford
8600! 151.6477 -32.9770 18 Paul Camilleri
8831!-121.9040 +47.7717 220 Chris Lewicki
0699! 132.2369 -14.4733 108 Paul Camilleri
8730! -97.7279 +30.3086 150 Ed Cannon
8739!-121.7028 +37.1133 282 Derek Breit
9461! 19.89365 +47.9175 938 Konkoly Obs
9633! -96.9982 +33.0206 153 Jim Nix
9730! -97.8660 +30.3150 280 Mike McCants
6242! -2.8284 +42.9453 623 Jon Mikel
6241! -2.8203 +42.9565 619 Jon Mikel
4160! 5.4768 +51.2793 35 Bram Dorreman
9900! 004.900 +52.3666 0 Amsterdam
9901!-070.8065 -30.1696 2000 CTIO
9910!-002.4083 +37.5011 1200 Telescope Live Spain
9911! 148.9763 -34.8641 350 Telescope Live Australia
9997!-121.9040 +47.7717 220 Chris Lewicki
9998! 6.3961 +52.8119 10 Dwingeloo telescoop
9999! 5.5151 +47.348 100 Graves
Luca Buzzi supplied coordinates for three telescopes at (204). All
are about 1230m above sea level (geoid height is 48 meters). (Sc2)
used to report (204) data, but has been discontinued. Luca tells me
(Sc3), a smaller dome between the two, houses a C14 that will be
remotely controlled in early 2021 (hasn't actually submitted any data).
204 ! 8.76993 +45.86833 1278 Schiaparelli Observatory, 0.85-m scope
Sc2 ! 8.77061 +45.86845 1278 Schiaparelli Observatory, 0.60-m scope
Sc3 ! 8.77027 +45.86853 1278 Schiaparelli Observatory, C14
Kwa ! 167.733333 +08.716666 5 Kwajalein Island
G34 ! 13.701403 +50.860289 490.67 Oberfrauendorf
920 ! -77.664299 +43.075229 141 RIT Observatory, Rochester
David Briggs supplied corrected coordinates for (J69). The scope
is 155 metres above sea level; the geoid height is about 46 metres.
(J69) is one of five domes visible on G__gle Earth as part of the
Hampshire Astronomical Group site. The altitudes appear to be identical.
Further identification is given at https://hantsastro.org.uk/tour/index.php
(comments come from that page).
J69 ! -1.0196556 +50.9390167 201 North Observatory, Clanfield
Cdi ! -1.019663 +50.939114 201 12" Dome, Clanfield
"This dome is privately owned... 12-inch f5.5 Newtonian... for imaging"
J84 ! -1.019629 +50.938673 201 South Observatory, Clanfield
C7i ! -1.019306 +50.938298 201 7" Dome, Clanfield
"...the favourite amongst members for astronomical imaging"
C5i ! -1.019140 +50.938284 201 5" Dome, Clanfield
"The oldest of our telescopes are housed in this dome"
Some telescopes at (711) McDonald Observatory in Texas, sorted using the
site map at http://www.as.utexas.edu/mcdonald/observers/mcd_site_map.pdf
and measured using G__gle Maps. HJS is identified on the site map as the
107" scope; the OST is 82"; Mc9 is 36"; Mc8 is 30". HET is on Mt.
Fowlkes, alt 6659 feet; the others are on Mt. Locke, alt 6792 feet,
probably above sea level. I subtracted 22 meters to get an ellipsoid alt.
HJS !-104.021973 +30.671745 2007.7 Harlan J Smith, McDonald Observatory
OST !-104.022786 +30.671524 2007.7 Otto Struve Telescope, McDonald Observatory
Mc9 !-104.021944 +30.671420 2007.7 McDonald Observatory 0.9m
Mc8 !-104.022738 +30.670799 2007.7 McDonald Observatory 0.8m
HET !-104.014679 +30.681398 2048.2 Hobby-Eberly Telescope
Mc? !-104.023712 +30.669781 2007.7 McDonald Observatory unknown
Mt. Hopkins telescopes, identified with
http://linmax.sao.arizona.edu/FLWO/MtHop090529.jpg and measured with
G__gle Maps. (G91) and (V07) really are two different codes for the
exact same 1.3-m scope. Alts are from ObsCodes.html, with (G91/V07)'s alt
recycled for FL5 and FL2 (they're all close to one another). (696) is the
6.5-m MMT.
696 !-110.885179 +31.688899 2627.639 Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins
G91 !-110.878687 +31.680742 2287.949 Whipple Observatory, Mount Hopkins-2MASS
V07 !-110.878687 +31.680742 2287.949 Whipple Observatory, Mount Hopkins-PAIRITEL
FL5 !-110.878340 +31.681015 2287.949 Whipple Observatory, 1.5-m
FL2 !-110.878488 +31.680868 2287.949 Whipple Observatory, 1.2-m
G__gle Maps shows five domes on Calar Alto. MPC gives five codes. (493),
"Calar Alto", has low precision; I have no idea which scope is intended.
(Observations on the 2019 Oct 10 MPCs say data came from a 1.23-m scope,
a 1.23-m f/8 scope, a 1.2-m f/8 scope, and a 3.5-m f/3.9 scope.)
(Z84) and (Z79) were identifiable. I _think_ (G36) = Un1. Alts are from
G__gle Earth, with 51m added for geoid height. According to Wikipaedia,
(Z79) = 3.5m scope; (Z84) = 0.8-m Schmidt; (Un1) = 1.23m; (Un2) = 1.5m;
(Un3) = 2.2m.
Z84 ! -2.548143 +37.223981 2207. Calar Alto-Schmidt
Un1 ! -2.547483 +37.223165 2211. Unknown about 100m SSE of Z84; (G36)?
Un2 ! -2.548248 +37.224987 2201. Unknown about 100m north of Z84
Un3 ! -2.546037 +37.223133 2112. Unknown about 200m ESE of Z84
Z79 ! -2.546678 +37.220850 2210. Calar Alto TNO Survey
Two ASAS-SN scopes, both sharing LCO domes. These are essentially
duplicates of (V37) and (T03), measured from G__gle Maps with altitudes
copied from the MPC data.
HSL !-104.015183 +30.679849 2010 ASAS-SN, Henrietta Swan Leavitt/McDonald Obs
AHa !-156.257494 +20.707009 3050 ASAS-SN, Haleakala 'Brutus'
Leo !-111.016862 +32.374086 723.9 Leo Observatory
2019 Nov 7 : these two ISON observatories tracked the NEO A00001.
Ark !+0412553.67 +433859.94 2046 Arkhyz
Bla !+1274320.40 +500735.68 146 Blagoveschensk
093 !+0202154.0 +692054. 200 Skibotn
From various links at
http://haro.astrossp.unam.mx/oanspm/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=2
67a !-1152800. +310243. 2790. 1.5-m, National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico
67b !-1152749. +310239. 2800. 2.12-m, National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico
67c !-1152758. +310242. 2790. 0.84-m, National Astronomical Observatory of Mexico
Some observations of C/1844 Y1 were made from this site in southern
India. G__gle Maps shows a dome there.
Tre ! 76.9583 +08.5085 57. Trivandrum
Steve Hutcheon supplied these locations for two stations that made other
19th century observations of comets.
Buc ! -0.090 +51.488 10 Westmorland House, Walworth Common
Fre ! -0.1313 +50.8429 10 Brighton
Various unidentified scopes on Mt. Lemmon. Altitude is that
for (G96). Lat/lon is from Bing Maps (the area is redacted
on Google Maps, but apparently, nobody got round to asking
Bing to delete their imagery.)
ML1 !-110.788677 +32.442480 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk1
ML2 !-110.788728 +32.442267 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk2
ML3 !-110.789093 +32.442301 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk3
ML4 !-110.788862 +32.442066 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk4
ML5 !-110.788902 +32.441672 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk5
ML6 !-110.789385 +32.442164 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk6
ML7 !-110.789742 +32.441551 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk7
ML8 !-110.791527 +32.441551 2789. Mt. Lemmon unk8
Various unidentified scopes on Mauna Loa. Altitude is that
for (T08). Lat/lon/alt is from G__gle Earth, 27 meters
added for geoid height.
mL1 !-155.576113 +19.536009 3425. Mauna Loa unk1
mL2 !-155.576414 +19.536252 3423. Mauna Loa unk2
mL3 !-155.576593 +19.535446 3434. Mauna Loa unk3
mL4 !-155.576588 +19.535550 3434. Mauna Loa unk4
mL5 !-155.576000 +19.536421 3420. Mauna Loa unk5
Three planned or in-process telescopes of 39.3, 24.5, and 30-m aperture.
ELT !-070.191631 -24.589327 3046. Extremely Large Telescope
GMT !-0704109.0 -290142.0 2516. Giant Magellan Telescope
TMT !-155.4816 +19.8327 4050. Thirty-Meter Telescope
Improved coords for both Magellan scopes. Alt is from
https://www.as.arizona.edu/magellan-65m-telescopes (converted from
feet, so treat with caution). Lat/lons given there are identical
and split the difference between the positions given below, which
were measured on G__gle Maps.
268 !-070.692620 -29.014044 2515. New Horizons KBO Search-Magellan/Clay
269 !-070.692187 -29.014442 2515. New Horizons KBO Search-Magellan/Baade
Coords for these two telescopes are provided by Wikipaedia, claimed good to
a meter (though given to 3-m precision?), and they do land squarely on domes
in G__gle Maps. Many Las Campanas telescopes are unidentified. The
coordinates given for (304) and (I05) are identical and about 500m
north of the nearest observatory dome.
War !-704205.9 -290035.8 2275. Warsaw Telescope, Las Campanas (OGLE)
ASA !-704205.1 -290036.9 2275? All-Sky Automated Survey (ASAS), Las Campanas
Lc1 !-70.70397 -29.00735 Las Campanas unk 1, northernmos
Lc2 !-70.70121 -29.01036 Las Campanas unk 2, ~25m SE of (ASA)
Lc3 !-70.70026 -29.01193 Las Campanas unk 3
Lc4 !-70.68982 -29.02158 Las Campanas unk 4
Carolin Liefke sorted out the history of (024) Heidelberg-Konigstuhl
(see https://groups.io/g/mpml/message/35417). The site listed below as
(024) was used by observers at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
until about 2013. The MPIA was founded in 1967. Observations from 1898
to 1967 were made at the Landessternwarte Konigstuhl (LSW) site, given
below as (HeK), with a 6" double astrograph before 1900 and the 16"
Bruce double astrograph after that. Later observations were probably
all made at the (024) MPIA site with a 70-cm Cassegrain. Locations from
G__gle Earth, 48 metres added for geoid height.
024 !+008.723675 +49.395428 616. Heidelberg-Konigstuhl (2003?-2013)
HeK !+008.724941 +49.398185 621. Heidelberg-Konigstuhl (1898-?1968)
Some neighboring domes near the above. Carolin directed me to
https://www.lsw.uni-heidelberg.de/foerderkreis/gelaende/image.php
for identifications, and provided some comments for most of them :
"The 72-cm Waltz reflector was used for spectrographic measurements and,
if I remember correctly, also had a photomultiplier attached in previous
times. It's currently used with a high-res spectrograph for exoplanet
radial velocity measurements."
He1 !+008.724705 +49.397846 618. Waltz reflector, LSW-Heidelberg
"The 75-cm Zeiss telescope from 1977 is now called ATOM and supports the
H.E.S.S. cherenkov telescopes in Namibia since 2005."
He2 !+008.725357 +49.398129 616. Zeiss telescope, LSW-Heidelberg
"Access to dome... hosting a 50-year old Schmidt telescope is prohibited
because of risk of collapse"
He3 !+008.725390 +49.397949 617. 25-cm f/3.6 Schmidt, LSW-Heidelberg
"The 70-cm [Cassegrain]...built in 1989. It can be remotely operated
and is mainly used for student projects."
He4 !+008.725620 +49.397864 619. 70-cm f/8 Cassegrain, LSW-Heidelberg
"The historic Kann refractor was used for visual observations
only and is now - like the guiding telescope of the Bruce double
astrograph [HeK] - used for observations with the public and guided tours"
He5 !+008.725960 +49.397864 618. 8" refractor, LSW-Heidelberg
"I have been in [this] dome once, the dust cover on that 50cm telescope
is so thick, it has not been used in decades"
He6 !+008.726110 +49.398032 616. 50-cm f/14 Cassegrain, LSW-Heidelberg
"The rooftop observatory He7 from your list does no longer exist. It was
a Meade Skyshed Pod erected in 2010 which hosted a 8" SC that was meant
to track space junk ... and has been dismantled two years ago"
He7 !+008.724327 +49.398147 619. 8" SCT, LSW-Heidelberg
Carolin has hopes that the 20" Planewave CDK scope in (He8) can be
set up for remote observing and put to work :
He8 !+008.723153 +49.395424 616. Sm dome ~40m W of (024) at MPIA
Carolin Liefke also points out that Max Wolf's early discoveries were
made from his parents' home in Maerzgasse, at the following location
about 2.2 km NW from the above He* cluster. This is presumably the
site used by Wolf until the above (HeK) site site opened on 1898 June 20.
(There is a two-year gap in the reported astrometry.)
He9 !+008.699555 +49.409750 173. Heidelberg (before 1896)
Michael Gill advises me (private e-mail) that "Wilfred Hall Observatory
Preston is now the Alston Observatory", and supplied the following
lat/lon from G__gle Maps. 52m added for geoid height.
Jan Manek adds references :
http://www.star.uclan.ac.uk/observatories/history-of-astronomy-in-preston/
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1963QJRAS...4..314
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-journal_query?volume=4&plate_select=NO&page=314&plate=&cover=&journal=QJRAS
which leads to :
http://www.star.uclan.ac.uk/observatories/alston-observatory/
Tim Haymes has been on the site recently. He says the (989) dome contains
the 15" Grubb refractor. WH1 is a 3-m ScopeDome, installed in 2019, with
an instrument planned for it. WH2 is now gone. (Z49) is the Moses Holden
70cm alt/az robotic scope, installed in 2016.
989 !-002.593854 +53.801360 115. Alston Observatory
WH1 !-002.593935 +53.801238 115. 3-m ScopeDome near (989)
WH2 !-002.594020 +53.801184 115. Removed dome SSW of(989)
Luca Buzzi points out that (559) has data at
http://sln.oact.inaf.it/sln_old/index.html (49m added for geoid height).
Five domes are spread out over ~160 metres. I picked one at random to
be (559); since the MPC coordinates are only good to about six km,
it'll be an improvement no matter which one it really ought to be.
559 !+014.973117 +37.692483 1775. Serra La Nave-INAF
SN1 !+014.972747 +37.693152 1773. W-most dome at Serra La Nave
SN2 !+014.974309 +37.693127 1782. Dome W of (SN3) at Serra La Nave
SN3 !+014.974418 +37.693106 1782. Middle of three domes at Serra La Nave
SN4 !+014.974534 +37.693119 1782. Dome E of (SN3) at Serra La Nave
MPC has the wrong vowel in the observatory name. John W. Briggs writes :
"Astronomer Lewis Morris Rutherfurd was a major benefactor to Columbia and
a trustee, and the Observatory is named after him. But even on the
Department's website now (last I checked, anyway) they manage to continue
to spell Rutherfurd's last name wrong."
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/pupin.html provides further
info, putting the observatory at that spot when (795) was reporting
data to MPC (1936 to 1940). Coordinates from G__gle Earth, which
gives elevation 88 meters ASL (which appears to take the ten-story
building height into account). I subtracted 32m for geoid height.
795 !-073.961418 +40.809981 56. Rutherfurd
John W. Briggs also writes : "796 Stamford Observatory is a facility
owned by the Stamford Museum and Nature Center in Connecticut. (It was
the first domed observatory I ever entered as a youngster!) The
instrument is an unusual 22-inch Gregory-Maksutov. The dome still
exists (although perhaps not for much longer). I was visiting there
within the last year." John provides the following coordinates (with
31 meters subtracted for geoid height.)
796 !-073.548888 +41.124166 56. Stamford
John W. Briggs also writes : "792 Quonochontaug was built by my late
friend, Professor William S. Penhallow (1933-2020) of the University of
Rhode Island, and it was in the backyard of his home... The main
instrument was a 16-inch f/10.7 astrometric Newtonian."
792 !-071.701111 +41.353333 -23. University of Rhode Island, Quonochontaug