LaTeX breaks all images in the same top-level block element

[SheepTester]

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Bug

Body

Here is a minimal example:

• 

hi

• 

• $x$

- ![node logo](https://nodejs.org/static/images/logo.svg)

hi

- ![node logo](https://nodejs.org/static/images/logo.svg)

- $x$

<ul dir="auto">
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f47f1041c8c537f784c1eb1e8a608801238a50ab17ba7fbee33bf0908e0199b9/68747470733a2f2f6e6f64656a732e6f72672f7374617469632f696d616765732f6c6f676f2e737667"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/f47f1041c8c537f784c1eb1e8a608801238a50ab17ba7fbee33bf0908e0199b9/68747470733a2f2f6e6f64656a732e6f72672f7374617469632f696d616765732f6c6f676f2e737667" alt="node logo" data-canonical-src="https://nodejs.org/static/images/logo.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></li>
</ul>
<p dir="auto">hi</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>
<p dir="auto"><img src="https://nodejs.org/static/images/logo.svg" alt="node logo"></p>
</li>
<li>
<p dir="auto"><math-renderer class="js-inline-math" style="display: inline" data-static-url="https://github.githubassets.com/static" data-run-id="7a65a8d0e8e50bda064bef46e0e60824" data-catalyst=""><mjx-container style="position: relative;" jax="CHTML" class="MathJax CtxtMenu_Attached_0" tabindex="0" ctxtmenu_counter="5"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" class="MJX-TEX"><mjx-mi class="mjx-i"><mjx-c class="mjx-c1D465 TEX-I"></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display="inline" unselectable="on"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>x</mi></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></math-renderer></p>
</li>
</ul>

Image URLs that aren't on githubusercontent are broken if there's LaTeX used in the same top-level element, such as an unordered list. I think whatever processing done to support LaTeX skips the image URL transformation, so it doesn't load on the GitHub website

[nschloe]

Added to the list of math bugs. https://github.com/nschloe/github-math-bugs