Upgrade CI clang-format to > 16

[kidharb]

Not really a bug and not really a feature.
It is more of an enhancement to the CI test suite.

Currently, we use clang-format14 in a Docker container whenever a PR is updated.
This issue is to propose an upgrade to clang-format>16 such that we can

1. Automatically check for newlines at the end of the file (instead of manually during a code review) InsertNewlineAtEOF: true
2. Be able to handle newer C++ language instead of turning off clang for snippets like here