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api.py
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# Tweepy
# Copyright 2009-2023 Joshua Roesslein
# See LICENSE for details.
import contextlib
import functools
import imghdr
import logging
import mimetypes
from platform import python_version
import sys
import time
from urllib.parse import urlencode
import requests
import tweepy
from tweepy.errors import (
BadRequest, Forbidden, HTTPException, NotFound, TooManyRequests,
TweepyException, TwitterServerError, Unauthorized
)
from tweepy.models import Model
from tweepy.parsers import ModelParser, Parser
from tweepy.utils import list_to_csv
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def pagination(mode):
def decorator(method):
@functools.wraps(method)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
return method(*args, **kwargs)
wrapper.pagination_mode = mode
return wrapper
return decorator
def payload(payload_type, **payload_kwargs):
payload_list = payload_kwargs.get('list', False)
def decorator(method):
@functools.wraps(method)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
kwargs['payload_list'] = payload_list
kwargs['payload_type'] = payload_type
return method(*args, **kwargs)
wrapper.payload_list = payload_list
wrapper.payload_type = payload_type
return wrapper
return decorator
class API:
"""Twitter API v1.1 Interface
.. versionchanged:: 4.11
Added support for ``include_ext_edit_control`` endpoint/method
parameter
.. versionchanged:: 4.14
Removed ``search_30_day`` and ``search_full_archive`` methods, as
`the Premium v1.1 API has been deprecated`_
Parameters
----------
auth
The authentication handler to be used
cache
The cache to query if a GET method is used
host
The general REST API host server URL
parser
The Parser instance to use for parsing the response from Twitter;
defaults to an instance of ModelParser
proxy
The full url to an HTTPS proxy to use for connecting to Twitter
retry_count
Number of retries to attempt when an error occurs
retry_delay
Number of seconds to wait between retries
retry_errors
Which HTTP status codes to retry
timeout
The maximum amount of time to wait for a response from Twitter
upload_host
The URL of the upload server
wait_on_rate_limit
Whether or not to automatically wait for rate limits to replenish
Raises
------
TypeError
If the given parser is not a Parser instance
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/api-reference-index
.. _the Premium v1.1 API has been deprecated: https://twittercommunity.com/t/deprecating-the-premium-v1-1-api/191092
"""
def __init__(
self, auth=None, *, cache=None, host='api.twitter.com', parser=None,
proxy=None, retry_count=0, retry_delay=0, retry_errors=None,
timeout=60, upload_host='upload.twitter.com', user_agent=None,
wait_on_rate_limit=False
):
self.auth = auth
self.cache = cache
self.host = host
if parser is None:
parser = ModelParser()
self.parser = parser
self.proxy = {}
if proxy is not None:
self.proxy['https'] = proxy
self.retry_count = retry_count
self.retry_delay = retry_delay
self.retry_errors = retry_errors
self.timeout = timeout
self.upload_host = upload_host
if user_agent is None:
user_agent = (
f"Python/{python_version()} "
f"Requests/{requests.__version__} "
f"Tweepy/{tweepy.__version__}"
)
self.user_agent = user_agent
self.wait_on_rate_limit = wait_on_rate_limit
# Attempt to explain more clearly the parser argument requirements
# https://github.com/tweepy/tweepy/issues/421
if not isinstance(self.parser, Parser):
raise TypeError(
"parser should be an instance of Parser, not " +
str(type(self.parser))
)
self.session = requests.Session()
def request(
self, method, endpoint, *, endpoint_parameters=(), params=None,
headers=None, json_payload=None, parser=None, payload_list=False,
payload_type=None, post_data=None, files=None, require_auth=True,
return_cursors=False, upload_api=False, use_cache=True, **kwargs
):
# If authentication is required and no credentials
# are provided, throw an error.
if require_auth and not self.auth:
raise TweepyException('Authentication required!')
self.cached_result = False
if headers is None:
headers = {}
headers["User-Agent"] = self.user_agent
# Build the request URL
path = f'/1.1/{endpoint}.json'
if upload_api:
url = 'https://' + self.upload_host + path
else:
url = 'https://' + self.host + path
if params is None:
params = {}
for k, arg in kwargs.items():
if arg is None:
continue
if k not in endpoint_parameters + (
"include_ext_edit_control", "tweet_mode"
):
log.warning(f'Unexpected parameter: {k}')
params[k] = str(arg)
log.debug("PARAMS: %r", params)
# Query the cache if one is available
# and this request uses a GET method.
if use_cache and self.cache and method == 'GET':
cache_result = self.cache.get(f'{path}?{urlencode(params)}')
# if cache result found and not expired, return it
if cache_result:
# must restore api reference
if isinstance(cache_result, list):
for result in cache_result:
if isinstance(result, Model):
result._api = self
else:
if isinstance(cache_result, Model):
cache_result._api = self
self.cached_result = True
return cache_result
# Monitoring rate limits
remaining_calls = None
reset_time = None
if parser is None:
parser = self.parser
try:
# Continue attempting request until successful
# or maximum number of retries is reached.
retries_performed = 0
while retries_performed <= self.retry_count:
if (self.wait_on_rate_limit and reset_time is not None
and remaining_calls is not None
and remaining_calls < 1):
# Handle running out of API calls
sleep_time = reset_time - int(time.time())
if sleep_time > 0:
log.warning(f"Rate limit reached. Sleeping for: {sleep_time}")
time.sleep(sleep_time + 1) # Sleep for extra sec
# Apply authentication
auth = None
if self.auth:
auth = self.auth.apply_auth()
# Execute request
try:
resp = self.session.request(
method, url, params=params, headers=headers,
data=post_data, files=files, json=json_payload,
timeout=self.timeout, auth=auth, proxies=self.proxy
)
except Exception as e:
raise TweepyException(f'Failed to send request: {e}').with_traceback(sys.exc_info()[2])
if 200 <= resp.status_code < 300:
break
rem_calls = resp.headers.get('x-rate-limit-remaining')
if rem_calls is not None:
remaining_calls = int(rem_calls)
elif remaining_calls is not None:
remaining_calls -= 1
reset_time = resp.headers.get('x-rate-limit-reset')
if reset_time is not None:
reset_time = int(reset_time)
retry_delay = self.retry_delay
if resp.status_code in (420, 429) and self.wait_on_rate_limit:
if remaining_calls == 0:
# If ran out of calls before waiting switching retry last call
continue
if 'retry-after' in resp.headers:
retry_delay = float(resp.headers['retry-after'])
elif self.retry_errors and resp.status_code not in self.retry_errors:
# Exit request loop if non-retry error code
break
# Sleep before retrying request again
time.sleep(retry_delay)
retries_performed += 1
# If an error was returned, throw an exception
self.last_response = resp
if resp.status_code == 400:
raise BadRequest(resp)
if resp.status_code == 401:
raise Unauthorized(resp)
if resp.status_code == 403:
raise Forbidden(resp)
if resp.status_code == 404:
raise NotFound(resp)
if resp.status_code == 429:
raise TooManyRequests(resp)
if resp.status_code >= 500:
raise TwitterServerError(resp)
if resp.status_code and not 200 <= resp.status_code < 300:
raise HTTPException(resp)
# Parse the response payload
return_cursors = return_cursors or 'cursor' in params or 'next' in params
result = parser.parse(
resp.text, api=self, payload_list=payload_list,
payload_type=payload_type, return_cursors=return_cursors
)
# Store result into cache if one is available.
if use_cache and self.cache and method == 'GET' and result:
self.cache.store(f'{path}?{urlencode(params)}', result)
return result
finally:
self.session.close()
# Get Tweet timelines
@pagination(mode='id')
@payload('status', list=True)
def home_timeline(self, **kwargs):
"""home_timeline(*, count, since_id, max_id, trim_user, \
exclude_replies, include_entities)
Returns the 20 most recent statuses, including retweets, posted by
the authenticating user and that user's friends. This is the equivalent
of /timeline/home on the Web.
Parameters
----------
count
|count|
since_id
|since_id|
max_id
|max_id|
trim_user
|trim_user|
exclude_replies
|exclude_replies|
include_entities
|include_entities|
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/timelines/api-reference/get-statuses-home_timeline
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/home_timeline', endpoint_parameters=(
'count', 'since_id', 'max_id', 'trim_user', 'exclude_replies',
'include_entities'
), **kwargs
)
@pagination(mode='id')
@payload('status', list=True)
def mentions_timeline(self, **kwargs):
"""mentions_timeline(*, count, since_id, max_id, trim_user, \
include_entities)
Returns the 20 most recent mentions, including retweets.
Parameters
----------
count
|count|
since_id
|since_id|
max_id
|max_id|
trim_user
|trim_user|
include_entities
|include_entities|
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/timelines/api-reference/get-statuses-mentions_timeline
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/mentions_timeline', endpoint_parameters=(
'count', 'since_id', 'max_id', 'trim_user', 'include_entities'
), **kwargs
)
@pagination(mode='id')
@payload('status', list=True)
def user_timeline(self, **kwargs):
"""user_timeline(*, user_id, screen_name, since_id, count, max_id, \
trim_user, exclude_replies, include_rts)
Returns the 20 most recent statuses posted from the authenticating user
or the user specified. It's also possible to request another user's
timeline via the id parameter.
Parameters
----------
user_id
|user_id|
screen_name
|screen_name|
since_id
|since_id|
count
|count|
max_id
|max_id|
trim_user
|trim_user|
exclude_replies
|exclude_replies|
include_rts
When set to ``false``, the timeline will strip any native retweets
(though they will still count toward both the maximal length of the
timeline and the slice selected by the count parameter). Note: If
you're using the trim_user parameter in conjunction with
include_rts, the retweets will still contain a full user object.
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/timelines/api-reference/get-statuses-user_timeline
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/user_timeline', endpoint_parameters=(
'user_id', 'screen_name', 'since_id', 'count', 'max_id',
'trim_user', 'exclude_replies', 'include_rts'
), **kwargs
)
# Post, retrieve, and engage with Tweets
@pagination(mode='id')
@payload('status', list=True)
def get_favorites(self, **kwargs):
"""get_favorites(*, user_id, screen_name, count, since_id, max_id, \
include_entities)
Returns the favorite statuses for the authenticating user or user
specified by the ID parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Renamed from ``API.favorites``
Parameters
----------
user_id
|user_id|
screen_name
|screen_name|
count
|count|
since_id
|since_id|
max_id
|max_id|
include_entities
|include_entities|
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/get-favorites-list
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'favorites/list', endpoint_parameters=(
'user_id', 'screen_name', 'count', 'since_id', 'max_id',
'include_entities'
), **kwargs
)
@payload('status', list=True)
def lookup_statuses(self, id, **kwargs):
"""lookup_statuses(id, *, include_entities, trim_user, map, \
include_ext_alt_text, include_card_uri)
Returns full Tweet objects for up to 100 Tweets per request, specified
by the ``id`` parameter.
.. deprecated:: 4.15.0
`The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/lookup endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.`_ The Twitter API v2 replacement is
:meth:`Client.get_tweets`.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Renamed from ``API.statuses_lookup``
Parameters
----------
id
A list of Tweet IDs to lookup, up to 100
include_entities
|include_entities|
trim_user
|trim_user|
map
A boolean indicating whether or not to include Tweets that cannot
be shown. Defaults to False.
include_ext_alt_text
|include_ext_alt_text|
include_card_uri
|include_card_uri|
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/get-statuses-lookup
.. _The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/lookup endpoint that this method uses
has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.: https://twittercommunity.com/t/x-api-v2-migration/203391
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/lookup', endpoint_parameters=(
'id', 'include_entities', 'trim_user', 'map',
'include_ext_alt_text', 'include_card_uri'
), id=list_to_csv(id), **kwargs
)
@payload('json')
def get_oembed(self, url, **kwargs):
"""get_oembed( \
url, *, maxwidth, hide_media, hide_thread, omit_script, align, \
related, lang, theme, link_color, widget_type, dnt \
)
Returns a single Tweet, specified by either a Tweet web URL or the
Tweet ID, in an oEmbed-compatible format. The returned HTML snippet will
be automatically recognized as an Embedded Tweet when Twitter's widget
JavaScript is included on the page.
The oEmbed endpoint allows customization of the final appearance of an
Embedded Tweet by setting the corresponding properties in HTML markup
to be interpreted by Twitter's JavaScript bundled with the HTML
response by default. The format of the returned markup may change over
time as Twitter adds new features or adjusts its Tweet representation.
The Tweet fallback markup is meant to be cached on your servers for up
to the suggested cache lifetime specified in the ``cache_age``.
Parameters
----------
url
The URL of the Tweet to be embedded
maxwidth
The maximum width of a rendered Tweet in whole pixels. A supplied
value under or over the allowed range will be returned as the
minimum or maximum supported width respectively; the reset width
value will be reflected in the returned ``width`` property. Note
that Twitter does not support the oEmbed ``maxheight`` parameter.
Tweets are fundamentally text, and are therefore of unpredictable
height that cannot be scaled like an image or video. Relatedly, the
oEmbed response will not provide a value for ``height``.
Implementations that need consistent heights for Tweets should
refer to the ``hide_thread`` and ``hide_media`` parameters below.
hide_media
When set to ``true``, ``"t"``, or ``1``, links in a Tweet are not
expanded to photo, video, or link previews.
hide_thread
When set to ``true``, ``"t"``, or ``1``, a collapsed version of the
previous Tweet in a conversation thread will not be displayed when
the requested Tweet is in reply to another Tweet.
omit_script
When set to ``true``, ``"t"``, or ``1``, the ``<script>``
responsible for loading ``widgets.js`` will not be returned. Your
webpages should include their own reference to ``widgets.js`` for
use across all Twitter widgets including Embedded Tweets.
align
Specifies whether the embedded Tweet should be floated left, right,
or center in the page relative to the parent element.
related
A comma-separated list of Twitter usernames related to your
content. This value will be forwarded to Tweet action intents if a
viewer chooses to reply, like, or retweet the embedded Tweet.
lang
Request returned HTML and a rendered Tweet in the specified Twitter
language supported by embedded Tweets.
theme
When set to ``dark``, the Tweet is displayed with light text over a
dark background.
link_color
Adjust the color of Tweet text links with a hexadecimal color
value.
widget_type
Set to ``video`` to return a Twitter Video embed for the given
Tweet.
dnt
When set to ``true``, the Tweet and its embedded page on your site
are not used for purposes that include personalized suggestions and
personalized ads.
Returns
-------
:class:`dict`
JSON
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/get-statuses-oembed
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/oembed', endpoint_parameters=(
'url', 'maxwidth', 'hide_media', 'hide_thread', 'omit_script',
'align', 'related', 'lang', 'theme', 'link_color',
'widget_type', 'dnt'
), url=url, require_auth=False, **kwargs
)
@pagination(mode='cursor')
@payload('ids')
def get_retweeter_ids(self, id, **kwargs):
"""get_retweeter_ids(id, *, count, cursor, stringify_ids)
Returns up to 100 user IDs belonging to users who have retweeted the
Tweet specified by the ``id`` parameter.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Renamed from ``API.retweeters``
Parameters
----------
id
|sid|
count
|count|
cursor
|cursor|
stringify_ids
|stringify_ids|
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`int`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/get-statuses-retweeters-ids
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/retweeters/ids', endpoint_parameters=(
'id', 'count', 'cursor', 'stringify_ids'
), id=id, **kwargs
)
@payload('status', list=True)
def get_retweets(self, id, **kwargs):
"""get_retweets(id, *, count, trim_user)
Returns up to 100 of the first Retweets of the given Tweet.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Renamed from ``API.retweets``
Parameters
----------
id
|sid|
count
|count|
trim_user
|trim_user|
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/get-statuses-retweets-id
"""
return self.request(
'GET', f'statuses/retweets/{id}', endpoint_parameters=(
'count', 'trim_user'
), **kwargs
)
@pagination(mode='id')
@payload('status', list=True)
def get_retweets_of_me(self, **kwargs):
"""get_retweets_of_me(*, count, since_id, max_id, trim_user, \
include_entities, include_user_entities)
Returns the 20 most recent Tweets of the authenticated user that have
been retweeted by others.
.. versionchanged:: 4.0
Renamed from ``API.retweets_of_me``
Parameters
----------
count
|count|
since_id
|since_id|
max_id
|max_id|
trim_user
|trim_user|
include_entities
|include_entities|
include_user_entities
|include_user_entities|
Returns
-------
:py:class:`List`\[:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`]
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/get-statuses-retweets_of_me
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/retweets_of_me', endpoint_parameters=(
'count', 'since_id', 'max_id', 'trim_user', 'include_entities',
'include_user_entities'
), **kwargs
)
@payload('status')
def get_status(self, id, **kwargs):
"""get_status(id, *, trim_user, include_my_retweet, include_entities, \
include_ext_alt_text, include_card_uri)
Returns a single status specified by the ID parameter.
.. deprecated:: 4.15.0
`The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/show endpoint that this method uses
has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.`_ The Twitter API v2 replacement is :meth:`Client.get_tweet`.
Parameters
----------
id:
|sid|
trim_user
|trim_user|
include_my_retweet:
A boolean indicating if any Tweets returned that have been
retweeted by the authenticating user should include an additional
current_user_retweet node, containing the ID of the source status
for the retweet.
include_entities
|include_entities|
include_ext_alt_text
|include_ext_alt_text|
include_card_uri
|include_card_uri|
Returns
-------
:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/get-statuses-show-id
.. _The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/show endpoint that this method uses
has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.: https://twittercommunity.com/t/x-api-v2-migration/203391
"""
return self.request(
'GET', 'statuses/show', endpoint_parameters=(
'id', 'trim_user', 'include_my_retweet', 'include_entities',
'include_ext_alt_text', 'include_card_uri'
), id=id, **kwargs
)
@payload('status')
def create_favorite(self, id, **kwargs):
"""create_favorite(id, *, include_entities)
Favorites the status specified in the ``id`` parameter as the
authenticating user.
Parameters
----------
id
|sid|
include_entities
|include_entities|
Returns
-------
:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/post-favorites-create
"""
return self.request(
'POST', 'favorites/create', endpoint_parameters=(
'id', 'include_entities'
), id=id, **kwargs
)
@payload('status')
def destroy_favorite(self, id, **kwargs):
"""destroy_favorite(id, *, include_entities)
Un-favorites the status specified in the ``id`` parameter as the
authenticating user.
Parameters
----------
id
|sid|
include_entities
|include_entities|
Returns
-------
:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/post-favorites-destroy
"""
return self.request(
'POST', 'favorites/destroy', endpoint_parameters=(
'id', 'include_entities'
), id=id, **kwargs
)
@payload('status')
def destroy_status(self, id, **kwargs):
"""destroy_status(id, *, trim_user)
Destroy the status specified by the ``id`` parameter. The authenticated
user must be the author of the status to destroy.
.. deprecated:: 4.15.0
`The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/destroy endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.`_ The Twitter API v2 replacement is
:meth:`Client.delete_tweet`.
Parameters
----------
id
|sid|
trim_user
|trim_user|
Returns
-------
:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/post-statuses-destroy-id
.. _The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/destroy endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.: https://twittercommunity.com/t/x-api-v2-migration/203391
"""
return self.request(
'POST', f'statuses/destroy/{id}', endpoint_parameters=(
'trim_user',
), **kwargs
)
@payload('status')
def retweet(self, id, **kwargs):
"""retweet(id, *, trim_user)
Retweets a Tweet. Requires the ID of the Tweet you are retweeting.
.. deprecated:: 4.15.0
`The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/retweet endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.`_ The Twitter API v2 replacement is :meth:`Client.retweet`.
Parameters
----------
id
|sid|
trim_user
|trim_user|
Returns
-------
:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/post-statuses-retweet-id
.. _The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/retweet endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.: https://twittercommunity.com/t/x-api-v2-migration/203391
"""
return self.request(
'POST', f'statuses/retweet/{id}', endpoint_parameters=(
'trim_user',
), **kwargs
)
@payload('status')
def unretweet(self, id, **kwargs):
"""unretweet(id, *, trim_user)
Untweets a retweeted status. Requires the ID of the retweet to
unretweet.
.. deprecated:: 4.15.0
`The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/unretweet endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.`_ The Twitter API v2 replacement is
:meth:`Client.unretweet`.
Parameters
----------
id
|sid|
trim_user
|trim_user|
Returns
-------
:class:`~tweepy.models.Status`
References
----------
https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-api/v1/tweets/post-and-engage/api-reference/post-statuses-unretweet-id
.. _The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/unretweet endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.: https://twittercommunity.com/t/x-api-v2-migration/203391
"""
return self.request(
'POST', f'statuses/unretweet/{id}', endpoint_parameters=(
'trim_user',
), **kwargs
)
@payload('status')
def update_status(self, status, **kwargs):
"""update_status( \
status, *, in_reply_to_status_id, auto_populate_reply_metadata, \
exclude_reply_user_ids, attachment_url, media_ids, \
possibly_sensitive, lat, long, place_id, display_coordinates, \
trim_user, card_uri \
)
Updates the authenticating user's current status, also known as
Tweeting.
For each update attempt, the update text is compared with the
authenticating user's recent Tweets. Any attempt that would result in
duplication will be blocked, resulting in a 403 error. A user cannot
submit the same status twice in a row.
While not rate limited by the API, a user is limited in the number of
Tweets they can create at a time. If the number of updates posted by
the user reaches the current allowed limit this method will return an
HTTP 403 error.
.. deprecated:: 4.15.0
`The Twitter API v1.1 statuses/update endpoint that this method
uses has been deprecated and has a retirement date of November 20,
2023.`_ The Twitter API v2 replacement is
:meth:`Client.create_tweet`.
Parameters
----------
status
The text of your status update.
in_reply_to_status_id
The ID of an existing status that the update is in reply to. Note:
This parameter will be ignored unless the author of the Tweet this
parameter references is mentioned within the status text.
Therefore, you must include @username, where username is the author
of the referenced Tweet, within the update.
auto_populate_reply_metadata
If set to true and used with in_reply_to_status_id, leading
@mentions will be looked up from the original Tweet, and added to
the new Tweet from there. This wil append @mentions into the
metadata of an extended Tweet as a reply chain grows, until the
limit on @mentions is reached. In cases where the original Tweet
has been deleted, the reply will fail.
exclude_reply_user_ids
When used with auto_populate_reply_metadata, a comma-separated list
of user ids which will be removed from the server-generated
@mentions prefix on an extended Tweet. Note that the leading
@mention cannot be removed as it would break the
in-reply-to-status-id semantics. Attempting to remove it will be
silently ignored.
attachment_url
In order for a URL to not be counted in the status body of an
extended Tweet, provide a URL as a Tweet attachment. This URL must
be a Tweet permalink, or Direct Message deep link. Arbitrary,
non-Twitter URLs must remain in the status text. URLs passed to the
attachment_url parameter not matching either a Tweet permalink or
Direct Message deep link will fail at Tweet creation and cause an
exception.
media_ids
A list of media_ids to associate with the Tweet. You may include up
to 4 photos or 1 animated GIF or 1 video in a Tweet.
possibly_sensitive
If you upload Tweet media that might be considered sensitive
content such as nudity, or medical procedures, you must set this
value to true.
lat