emacspeak.info-3

This is emacspeak.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.8 from
emacspeak.texi.

INFO-DIR-SECTION Accessibility
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Emacspeak:(emacspeak).		Speech-enabled Audio Desktop.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Emacspeak:(emacspeak).		Speech-enabled Audio Desktop.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

This manual documents *Emacspeak, The Complete Audio Desktop* and was
last updated on May 3, 2023.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: ladspa,  Next: light,  Prev: gmaps,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.227 ladspa
=============

This module uses tools from the Ladspa SDK to expose Ladspa plugins in a
consistent way to elisp.  The goal is to make it easy to inspect Ladspa
Plugins, And invoke them easily from Ladspa host applications such as
MPlayer.  Some Ladspa Packages that provide plugins: sudo apt-get
install zam-plugins wah-plugins vco-plugins tap-plugins swh-plugins
rev-plugins mcp-plugins liquidsoap-plugin-ladspa ladspa-foo-plugins
invada-studio-plugins-ladspa fil-plugins

12.227.1 Ladspa Commands
------------------------

12.227.1.1 ladspa
.................

 -- Command: ladspa (&optional refresh)

     Ladspa workbench.

     (fn &optional REFRESH)

12.227.1.2 ladspa-analyse-plugin-at-point
.........................................

 -- Command: ladspa-analyse-plugin-at-point

     Analyse plugin at point.

12.227.1.3 ladspa-edit-control
..............................

 -- Command: ladspa-edit-control

     Edit Ladspa control  at point by prompting for control values.

12.227.1.4 ladspa-instantiate
.............................

 -- Command: ladspa-instantiate

     Instantiate plugin at point by prompting for control values.

12.227.1.5 ladspa-mode
......................

 -- Command: ladspa-mode

     A Ladspa workbench for the Emacspeak desktop.

     In addition to any hooks its parent mode ‘special-mode’ might have
     run, this mode runs the hook ‘ladspa-mode-hook’, as the final or
     penultimate step during initialization.

     Key             Binding
     ——————————————————————————-
     RET		ladspa-instantiate
     SPC		ladspa-analyse-plugin-at-point
     a		emacspeak-m-player-add-ladspa
     d		emacspeak-m-player-delete-ladspa
     e		ladspa-edit-control
     n		next-line
     p		previous-line



File: emacspeak.info,  Node: light,  Next: mac-voices,  Prev: ladspa,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.228 light
============

Provide an emacs front-end to light.  This is a tool that controls the
brightness on laptops.  To install light, sudo apt-get install light
Install light setuid (sudo chmod u+s /usr/bin/light) This module is most
easily used in conjunction with hydra: M-x package-install hydra

12.228.1 Light Commands
-----------------------

12.228.1.1 light-black
......................

 -- Command: light-black

     Black screen.

12.228.1.2 light-decrement
..........................

 -- Command: light-decrement

     Decrease brightness.

12.228.1.3 light-get
....................

 -- Command: light-get

     Get  brightness level.

12.228.1.4 light-increment
..........................

 -- Command: light-increment

     Increase brightness.

12.228.1.5 light-set
....................

 -- Command: light-set (brightness)

     Set brightness.

     (fn BRIGHTNESS)

12.228.1.6 light-white
......................

 -- Command: light-white

     White screen.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: mac-voices,  Next: omaps,  Prev: light,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.229 mac-voices
=================

This module defines the various voices used in voice-lock mode by Mac
TTS.

12.229.1 mac-voices Options
---------------------------

 -- Variable: User Option mac-default-speech-rate
     Default speech rate for mac.

     Default Value:

     
     225
     


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: omaps,  Next: outloud-voices,  Prev: mac-voices,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.230 omaps
============

Implements geocoding via the Open Street Maps API https://nominatim.org/


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: outloud-voices,  Next: plain-voices,  Prev: omaps,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.231 outloud-voices
=====================

Interface to outloud server.  This module is IBM ViaVoice Outloud
specific.

12.231.1 Outloud-Voices Commands
--------------------------------

12.231.1.1 outloud
..................

 -- Command: outloud (&optional device)
     ‘C-e d C-o’
     ‘<fn> d C-o’

     Start Outloud.

     (fn &optional DEVICE)

12.231.2 outloud-voices Options
-------------------------------

 -- Variable: User Option outloud-default-speech-rate
     Default speech rate.

     Default Value:

     
     50
     


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: plain-voices,  Next: soundscape,  Prev: outloud-voices,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.232 plain-voices
===================

This module defines the various voices used in voice-lock mode.  Module
Plain is suitable for a device for which you haven’t yet implemented
appropriate voice-locking controls


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: soundscape,  Next: sox,  Prev: plain-voices,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.233 soundscape
=================

Soundscapes <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundscape> define an
acoustic environment.  Boodler at <http://boodler.org> is a Python-based
SoundScape generator.  To use this module, first install boodler.  Then
install the soundscape packages (*.boop) files available at
<http://boodler.org/lib>.  Make sure boodler works and produces audio in
your environment.  finally install the Boodler packages from
emacspeak/scapes from the Emacspeak GitHub repository by running ‘cd
emacspeak/scapes; make ’

   When boodler is set up and all packages installed, copy file
emacspeak/scapes/soundscapes to ~/.boodler/Collection.  The above file
lists all installed SoundScapes.  Directory emacspeak/scapes also
contains additional Boodler Agents and SoundScapes that I have created
for use with Emacspeak.

   Module soundscape.el defines Emacs conveniences for running
Soundscapes.  Main Entry Points:

   • M-x soundscape-toggle – Enables or disables automatic SoundScapes.
   • M-x soundscape – runs a named SoundScape
   • M-x soundscape-stop – Stops a specified running Soundscape.
   • M-x soundscape-kill – Kills all running Soundscapes.

   When automatic Soundscapes are enabled, SoundScapes are started and
stopped based on the current major mode.  Active Soundscape are
displayed as part of the minor-mode-alist.  Command
emacspeak-speak-minor-mode-line can be used to have this spoken.

   Thus, SoundScapes can be thought of as reflecting the _mood_ of the
current _mode_.  This package defines a single SOUNDSCAPE-DEFAULT-THEME
that is loaded using ‘(soundscape-load soundscape-default-theme)’.
Emacs modes that provide similar functionality e.g., communication ==
email, IM, ...  map to the same _mood_.

12.233.1 Soundscape Commands
----------------------------

12.233.1.1 soundscape
.....................

 -- Command: soundscape (scape)
     ‘C-. s’
     ‘C-x @ s s’

     Play soundscape.

     (fn SCAPE)

12.233.1.2 soundscape-kill
..........................

 -- Command: soundscape-kill

     Stop all running soundscapes.

12.233.1.3 soundscape-listener
..............................

 -- Command: soundscape-listener (&optional restart)

     Start  a Soundscape listener.
     Listener is loaded with all Soundscapes defined in ‘soundscape-default-theme’ .
     Optional interactive prefix arg restarts the listener.

     (fn &optional RESTART)

12.233.1.4 soundscape-listener-shutdown
.......................................

 -- Command: soundscape-listener-shutdown

     Shutdown listener.

12.233.1.5 soundscape-remote
............................

 -- Command: soundscape-remote (names)

     Activate scapes named ‘names’ — a list of strings.

     (fn NAMES)

12.233.1.6 soundscape-restart
.............................

 -- Command: soundscape-restart (&optional prompt)
     ‘C-. r’
     ‘C-x @ s r’

     Restart Soundscape  environment.
     With prefix arg ‘prompt’, prompt for a alsa/ladspa device and volume.
     The  is then saved to soundscape-device for future use.

     (fn &optional PROMPT)

12.233.1.7 soundscape-stop
..........................

 -- Command: soundscape-stop (scape)

     Stop running Soundscape.

     (fn SCAPE)

12.233.1.8 soundscape-theme
...........................

 -- Command: soundscape-theme

     Shows default theme in a special buffer.

12.233.1.9 soundscape-toggle
............................

 -- Command: soundscape-toggle
     ‘C-. t’
     ‘C-x @ s t’

     Toggle automatic SoundScapes.
     Run command M-x soundscape-theme to see the default mode->mood mapping.

12.233.1.10 soundscape-update-mood
..................................

 -- Command: soundscape-update-mood (&optional prompt-mode)
     ‘C-. u’
     ‘C-x @ s u’

     Update mood/scape mapping for current  mode.
     The  updated mapping is not persisted.
     Optional interactive prefix arg ‘prompt-mode’ prompts for the mode.

     (fn &optional PROMPT-MODE)

12.233.2 soundscape Options
---------------------------

 -- Variable: User Option soundscape-data
     Soundscape data directory.

     Default Value:

     
     "/home/raman/.boodler/Collection"
     

 -- Variable: User Option soundscape-device
     Alsa sound device to use for soundscapes.

     Default Value:

     
     "default"
     

 -- Variable: User Option soundscape-manager-options
     User customizable options list passed to boodler.  Defaults specify
     alsa as the output and set master volume

     Default Value:

     
     ("-m" "0.3")
     


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: sox,  Next: sox-gen,  Prev: soundscape,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.234 sox
==========

This module defines a convenient speech-enabled interface for editing
mp3 and wav files using SoX.

   Launching M-x sox creates a special interaction buffer that provides
single keystroke commands for editing and applying effects to a selected
sound file.  For adding mp3 support to sox, do

   sudo apt-get libsox-fmt-mp3 install

   This module provides support for ladspa effects using module
ladspa.el.  To use ladspa effects with SoX, you need a relatively new
build of Sox; The stock SoX that is package for Debian/Ubuntu does not
always work.  This module can be used independent of Emacspeak.

12.234.1 Sox Commands
---------------------

12.234.1.1 sox-add-effect
.........................

 -- Command: sox-add-effect (name)

     Adds  effect at the end of the effect list

     (fn NAME)

12.234.1.2 sox-delete-effect-at-point
.....................................

 -- Command: sox-delete-effect-at-point

     Delete effect at point.

     This function has :around advice: ‘ad-Advice-sox-delete-effect-at-point’.

     (fn)

12.234.1.3 sox-edit-effect-at-point
...................................

 -- Command: sox-edit-effect-at-point

     Edit effect at point.

12.234.1.4 sox-mode
...................

 -- Command: sox-mode

     An audio workbench for the Emacspeak desktop.

     In addition to any hooks its parent mode ‘special-mode’ might have
     run, this mode runs the hook ‘sox-mode-hook’, as the final or
     penultimate step during initialization.


12.234.1.5 sox-open-file
........................

 -- Command: sox-open-file (snd-file)

     Open specified snd-file on the Audio Workbench.

     This function has :around advice: ‘ad-Advice-sox-open-file’.

     (fn SND-FILE)

12.234.1.6 sox-play
...................

 -- Command: sox-play

     Play sound .

12.234.1.7 sox-refresh
......................

 -- Command: sox-refresh

     Redraw Audio Workbench.

     This function has :around advice: ‘ad-Advice-sox-refresh’.

     (fn)

12.234.1.8 sox-save
...................

 -- Command: sox-save (save-file)

     Save context to  file after prompting.

     (fn SAVE-FILE)

12.234.1.9 sox-set-effect
.........................

 -- Command: sox-set-effect (name)

     Set effect.

     (fn NAME)

12.234.1.10 sox-show-timestamp
..............................

 -- Command: sox-show-timestamp

     Show timestamp   in stream.

12.234.1.11 sox-stop
....................

 -- Command: sox-stop

     Stop currently playing  sound from current context.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: sox-gen,  Next: tetris,  Prev: sox,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.235 sox-gen
==============

Provides binaural audio along with pre-defined themes.  This module can
be used independent of Emacspeak.

12.235.1 Binaural Beats Using SoX
---------------------------------

A binaural beat is an auditory illusion perceived when two different
pure-tone sine waves, both with frequencies lower than 1500 Hz, with
less than a 40 Hz difference between them, are presented to a listener
dichotically (one through each ear).  For example, if a 530 Hz pure tone
is presented to a subject’s right ear, while a 520 Hz pure tone is
presented to the subject’s left ear, the listener will perceive the
auditory illusion of a third tone, in addition to the two pure-tones
presented to each ear.  The third sound is called a binaural beat, and
in this example would have a perceived pitch correlating to a frequency
of 10 Hz, that being the difference between the 530 Hz and 520 Hz pure
tones presented to each ear.  For more details, see
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binaural_beats>.

   This module implements a set of user-facing commands for generating
binaural beats.  The commands are organized from high-level commands
that play predefined binaural beats to lower-level commands that can be
used to create new effect sequences.

   All binaural beat sequences are played with a relatively low gain —
they are designed to be heard in the background and when effective blend
fully into the background.  You can increase the overall volume of all
binaural beat sequences by customizing
 -- Variable: User Option sox-binaural-gain-offset to a positive value
   — default is 0.

12.235.1.1 High-Level Commands For Pre-Defined Binaural Beats
.............................................................

These commands can be called directly to play one of the predefined
binaural beats.

   • ‘sox-rev-up’: A set of binaural beats designed for use at the start
     of the day.  Transitions from _Dream_ -> _Think_ ->_Act_ ->
     _Focus_.
   • ‘sox-wind-down’: A set of binaural beats for winding down at the
     end of the day.  This can be thought of as the reverse of
     ‘sox-rev-up’ and the sequence transitions from _Act_ -> _Think_ ->
     _Dream_ ->_Sleep_.
   • ‘sox-turn-down’: Designed for falling asleep.  This sequence starts
     with a short period of _Dream_ before moving to _Sleep_.
   • ‘sox-relax’: A variant of the previous sequence, ‘sox-relax’ spends
     equal time in _Dream_ and _Sleep_.
   • ‘sox-binaural’: Provide a completion-based front-end to playing any
     one of the predefined binaural effects (_Delta_, _Theta_, _Alpha_,
     _Beta_, or _Gamma_.  The previously defined sequences are built up
     using these effects.
   • ‘sox-beats-binaural’: Plays a collection of binaural beats,
     prompting for carrier and beat frequencies for each tone.  The
     predefined sequences listed earlier were created after first
     generating experimental beat-sequences using this command.
   • ‘sox-slide-binaural’: Prompts for two binaural effects (see above)
     and generates a binaural beat that _slides_ from the first effect
     to the second over a specified duration.
   • ‘sox-chakras’: Pick amongst one of a predefined set of sequences
     designed for _Chakra_ meditation.
   • ‘sox-tone-binaural’: Generate a simple binaural beat with a single
     carrier frequency.
   • ‘sox-tone-slide-binaural’: Generate a tone that slides from one
     binaural beat to another.

12.235.2 Sox-Gen Commands
-------------------------

12.235.2.1 sox-beats-binaural
.............................

 -- Command: sox-beats-binaural (length beat-spec-list gain)

     Play binaural audio with beat-spec specifying the various tones.
     Param ‘beat-spec-list’ is a list of ‘(carrier beat) tuples.

     (fn LENGTH BEAT-SPEC-LIST GAIN)

12.235.2.2 sox-binaural
.......................

 -- Command: sox-binaural (name duration)
     ‘C-, b’
     ‘C-x @ a b’

     Play specified binaural effect.

     (fn NAME DURATION)

12.235.2.3 sox-chakras
......................

 -- Command: sox-chakras (theme duration)

     Play each chakra for specified duration.
     Parameter ‘theme’ specifies variant.

     (fn THEME DURATION)

12.235.2.4 sox-relax
....................

 -- Command: sox-relax (length)

     Play relax set of  binaural beats for ‘length’ seconds.

     (fn LENGTH)

12.235.2.5 sox-rev-up
.....................

 -- Command: sox-rev-up (length)

     Play rev-up set of  binaural beats for ‘length’ seconds.

     (fn LENGTH)

12.235.2.6 sox-slide-binaural
.............................

 -- Command: sox-slide-binaural (name-1 name-2 duration)

     Play specified binaural slide from ‘name-1’ to ‘name-2’.

     (fn NAME-1 NAME-2 DURATION)

12.235.2.7 sox-tone-binaural
............................

 -- Command: sox-tone-binaural (length freq beat gain)

     Play binaural audio with carrier frequency ‘freq’, beat ‘beat’, and
     gain ‘gain’.

     (fn LENGTH FREQ BEAT GAIN)

12.235.2.8 sox-tone-slide-binaural
..................................

 -- Command: sox-tone-slide-binaural (length freq beat-start beat-end
          gain)

     Play binaural audio with carrier frequency ‘freq’, beat
     ‘beat-start’ -> ‘beat-end’, and gain ‘gain’.

     (fn LENGTH FREQ BEAT-START BEAT-END GAIN)

12.235.2.9 sox-turn-down
........................

 -- Command: sox-turn-down (length)

     Play turn-down set of  binaural beats for ‘length’ seconds.

     (fn LENGTH)

12.235.2.10 sox-wind-down
.........................

 -- Command: sox-wind-down (length)

     Play wind-down set of  binaural beats for ‘length’ seconds.

     (fn LENGTH)

12.235.3 sox-gen Options
------------------------

 -- Variable: User Option sox-binaural-gain-offset
     User specified offset that is added to default gain when generating
     tones using SoX, e.g., for binaural beats.

     Default Value:

     
     0
     

 -- Variable: User Option sox-binaural-slider-scale
     Scale factor used to compute slide duration when moving from one
     binaural beat to another.

     Default Value:

     
     5.0
     


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: tetris,  Next: toy-braille,  Prev: sox-gen,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.236 tetris
=============


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: toy-braille,  Next: voice-defs,  Prev: tetris,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.237 toy-braille
==================

This is a bit of toy code to write in braille.  To try this, load this
file (‘M-x load-file path/to/toy-braille.el’), then do:

   M-: (get-toy-braille-string "just a test")

   That’s just a toy, meant as an excuse and maybe a tool to learn a bit
of braille, nothing more.

   Unicode fonts are needed.

   You can try:

   M-: (set-default-font "-*-unifont-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*")

   or

   M-: (set-default-font "-*-clearlyu-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-iso10646-*")

   (only works if the relative font is installed and properly
configured).


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: voice-defs,  Next: voice-setup,  Prev: toy-braille,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.238 voice-defs
=================

Contains just the voice definitions.  Voices are defined using the macro
‘defvoice’ from module voice-setup.

12.238.1 An Overview Of Voice Design
------------------------------------

Aural CSS defines 4 primary device-independent dimensions.
Average-Pitch, Pitch-Range, Stress, and Richness.  There are ten
possible values along each dimension (0..9), giving a total of 10,000
possible settings.

   Engine-specific modules such as dectalk-voices and outloud-voices map
these dimensions to device-specific parameters and are responsible for
generating the final device-specific codes.

12.238.2 Creating Distinct Voices Via Aural CSS
-----------------------------------------------

Along each dimension, a setting of 5 is mapped to the default setting
for the voice as implemented by a given engine.  Values on either side
of 5 produce opposing effects.  This module defines the following
effects, which can be conceptualized as pairs.
  A. bolden , lighten
  B. animate, monotone
  C. brighten, smoothen
   In addition, we define ‘bolden-and-animate’ as an auditory analog of
‘bold-italic’.  The two additional voices ‘indent’ and ‘annotate’
predate the above and are retained as two _softer_ voices.  Finally,
there are 4 _overlay_ voices, corresponding to the 4 dimensions; these
each set one of the dimensions to ‘8’.  Thus, we have a total of 25
unique voices defined in this module.

12.238.3 Things to note
-----------------------

   • These voices are designed to be distinctive when used in a given
     utterance.
   • Non-goal — to be able to identify each distinct voice in isolation.
   • Audio-formatting is designed to set apart different types of
     content so that when used in context, one can easily pick-out
     distinct parts of the utterance.

12.238.4 voice-defs Options
---------------------------

 -- Variable: User Option voice-animate-extra-settings
     Settings for voice-animate-extra

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 8 8 8)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-animate-medium-settings
     Settings for voice-animate-medium

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 7 7 7)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-animate-settings
     Settings for voice-animate

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 6 6 6)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-annotate-settings
     Settings for voice-annotate

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 4 0 4)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-bolden-and-animate-settings
     Settings for voice-bolden-and-animate

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 3 8 8 8)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-bolden-extra-settings
     Settings for voice-bolden-extra

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 1 nil 8)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-bolden-medium-settings
     Settings for voice-bolden-medium

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 2 nil 3)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-bolden-settings
     Settings for voice-bolden

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 3 nil 6)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-brighten-extra-settings
     Settings for voice-brighten-extra

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil 3 8)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-brighten-medium-settings
     Settings for voice-brighten-medium

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil 4 7)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-brighten-settings
     Settings for voice-brighten

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil 5 6)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-indent-settings
     Settings for voice-indent

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 3 1 3)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-lighten-extra-settings
     Settings for voice-lighten-extra

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 9 nil 4)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-lighten-medium-settings
     Settings for voice-lighten-medium

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 7 nil 3)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-lighten-settings
     Settings for voice-lighten

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 6 nil 2)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-monotone-extra-settings
     Settings for voice-monotone-extra

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 0 0)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-monotone-medium-settings
     Settings for voice-monotone-medium

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 1 2)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-monotone-settings
     Settings for voice-monotone

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 2 4)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-overlay-0-settings
     Settings for voice-overlay-0

     Default Value:

     
     (nil 8 nil nil nil nil)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-overlay-1-settings
     Settings for voice-overlay-1

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil 8 nil nil nil)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-overlay-2-settings
     Settings for voice-overlay-2

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil 8 nil nil)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-overlay-3-settings
     Settings for voice-overlay-3

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil nil 8 nil)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-smoothen-extra-settings
     Settings for voice-smoothen-extra

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil 0 2)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-smoothen-medium-settings
     Settings for voice-smoothen-medium

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil 2 4)
     

 -- Variable: User Option voice-smoothen-settings
     Settings for voice-smoothen

     Default Value:

     
     (nil nil nil 4 6)
     


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: voice-setup,  Next: xbacklight,  Prev: voice-defs,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.239 voice-setup
==================

A voice is to audio as a font is to a visual display.  A personality is
to audio as a face is to a visual display.

   Voice-lock-mode is a minor mode that causes your comments to be
spoken in one personality, strings in another, reserved words in
another, documentation strings in another, and so on.

   Comments will be spoken in ‘voice-comment-personality’.  Strings will
be spoken in ‘voice-string-personality’.  Function (in their defining
forms) will be spoken in ‘voice-function-name-personality’.  Reserved
words will be spoken in ‘voice-keyword-personality’.

   To audio-format text , use M-x voice-lock-mode.  When this minor mode
is on, the voices of the current line are updated with every insertion
or deletion.

12.239.1 Voice-Lock And Aural CSS
---------------------------------

The CSS Speech Style Sheet specification defines a number of abstract
device independent voice properties.  A setting conforming to the CSS
speech specification can be represented in elisp as a structure.

   We will refer to this structure as a "speech style".  This structure
needs to be mapped to device dependent codes to produce the desired
effect.  This module forms a bridge between emacs packages that wish to
implement audio formatting and Emacspeak’s TTS module.  Emacspeak
produces voice change effects by examining the value of text-property
’personality’, as well as the face/font at point.

   Think of a buffer of formatted text along with the text-property
’personality appropriately set as a "aural display list".  Module
voice-setup.el help applications like EWW produce audio-formatted output
by calling function voice-acss-from-speech-style with a "speech-style"
–a structure as defined in this module and get back a symbol that they
assign to the value of property ’personality.  Emacspeak’s rendering
engine then does the needful at the time speech is produced.  Function
voice-acss-from-speech-style does the following: Takes as input a
"speech style" (1) Computes a symbol that will be used to refer to this
specific speech style.  (2) Examines emacspeak’s internal voice table to
see if this speech style has a voice already defined.  If so it returns
immediately.  Otherwise, it does the additional work of defining a
-voice for future use.  See its use in this module to see how voices are
defined independent of a given TTS engine.  How faces map to voices: TTS
engine specific modules e.g., dectalk-voices.el and outloud-voices.el
map ACSS dimensions to engine-specific codes.  Emacspeak modules use
voice-setup-add-map when defining face->personality mappings.  For use
from other modules.

12.239.2 Voice-Setup Commands
-----------------------------

12.239.2.1 voice-lock-mode
..........................

 -- Command: voice-lock-mode (&optional arg)
     ‘C-e d v’
     ‘<fn> d v’

     Toggle voice lock mode.

     This is a minor mode.  If called interactively, toggle the
     ‘Voice-Lock mode’ mode.  If the prefix argument is positive,
     enable the mode, and if it is zero or negative, disable the mode.

     If called from Lisp, toggle the mode if ARG is ‘toggle’.  Enable
     the mode if ARG is nil, omitted, or is a positive number.
     Disable the mode if ARG is a negative number.

     To check whether the minor mode is enabled in the current buffer,
     evaluate ‘voice-lock-mode’.

     The mode’s hook is called both when the mode is enabled and when
     it is disabled.

     (fn &optional ARG)

12.239.2.2 voice-lock-mode–turn-on
..................................

 -- Command: voice-lock-mode--turn-on

     Turn on Voice Lock mode .

12.239.2.3 voice-setup-toggle-silence-personality
.................................................

 -- Command: voice-setup-toggle-silence-personality
     ‘C-e M-q’
     ‘<fn> M-q’

     Toggle audibility of personality under point  .

12.239.3 voice-setup Options
----------------------------

 -- Variable: User Option voice-lock-mode-hook
     Hook run after entering or leaving ‘voice-lock-mode’.  No problems
     result if this variable is not bound.  ‘add-hook’ automatically
     binds it.  (This is true for all hook variables.)

     Default Value:

     
     (voice-lock-mode-set-explicitly)
     


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: xbacklight,  Next: URL Templates,  Prev: voice-setup,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.240 xbacklight
=================

Provide an emacs front-end to xbacklight.  This is a tool that controls
the brightness on laptops.  To install xbacklight, sudo apt-get install
xbacklight

   This module is most easily used in conjunction with hydra: M-x
package-install hydra

12.240.1 Xbacklight Commands
----------------------------

12.240.1.1 xbacklight-black
...........................

 -- Command: xbacklight-black

     Black screen.

12.240.1.2 xbacklight-decrement
...............................

 -- Command: xbacklight-decrement

     Decrease brightness.

12.240.1.3 xbacklight-get
.........................

 -- Command: xbacklight-get

     Get  brightness level.

12.240.1.4 xbacklight-increment
...............................

 -- Command: xbacklight-increment

     Increase brightness.

12.240.1.5 xbacklight-set
.........................

 -- Command: xbacklight-set (brightness)

     Set brightness.

     (fn BRIGHTNESS)

12.240.1.6 xbacklight-white
...........................

 -- Command: xbacklight-white

     White screen.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: URL Templates,  Prev: xbacklight,  Up: Emacspeak Commands And Options

12.241 URL Templates
====================

This section documents a total of 58 URL Templates.

   All of these URL templates can be invoked via command ‘M-x
emacspeak-url-template-fetch’ normally bound to ‘C-e u <fn> u’.  This
command prompts for the name of the template, and completion is
available via Emacs’ minibuffer completion.  Each URL template carries
out the following steps:
   • Prompt for the relevant information.
   • Fetch the resulting URL using an appropriate fetcher.
   • Set up the resulting resource with appropriate customizations.

  1. AQI From Wunderground

     Air quality from Wunderground
  2. Air Traffic Control

     Find live streams for Air Traffic Control.
  3. Airport conditions

     Display airport conditions from the FAA.
  4. Amazon Product Details By ASIN

     Retrieve product details from Amazon by either ISBN or ASIN.
  5. ArchWiki Search

     Search Linux ArchWiki
  6. BBC Podcast Directory

     BBC PodCast Directory
  7. Bing News

     Bing News results as RSS feed.
  8. Bing Search

     Bing results as RSS feed.
  9. Business Headlines From CNN

     Money Headlines From CNN
  10. CIA World Fact Book

     Open CIA World Fact Book For Specified Country.
  11. CNN Headlines

     News Headlines From CNN
  12. CNN Money

     CNN Money
  13. CNN World

     CNN World
  14. Cricinfo Print

     Printer friendly link on Cricinfo
  15. Dictionary Lookup

     Dictionary Lookup
  16. Finance Google

     Lookup ticker on Google Finance.
  17. Finance Summary From Google

     Display top stocks from Google Finance.
  18. FreeSound

     Search FreeSound.
  19. Google News Search

     Search Google news.
  20. Google Scholar

     Google Scholar Search
  21. Google Trends

     Google Trends
  22. Google Weather

     Light-weight Google weather.
  23. Guardian RSS Feeds Directory

     Guardian Feeds Directory
  24. Hacker News Frontpage

     Display Hacker News Front Page
  25. Hacker News Search

     Display Hacker News Front Page
  26. Hoogle Haskell API Search

     Haskell API Search against a local server.
  27. NBA standings

     Display NBA standings.
  28. NLS Bard Bookshelf

     NLS Bard Catalog: Most Popular.  Login once before using this
     template.
  29. NLS Bard Popular

     NLS Bard Catalog: Most Popular.  Login once before using this
     template.
  30. NLS Bard Recent

     NLS Bard Catalog: Recently Added.  Login once before using this
     template.
  31. NLS Bard Search

     Search NLS Bard Catalog.  Login once before using this template.
  32. NPR

     Open NPR home , then display the alternative links to access RSS
     feeds.
  33. NY Times Mobile

     NYTimes Mobile Site
  34. Old Time Radio

     This months Old Time Radio Programming
  35. OpenLibrary

     Open Library Search
  36. Patent Search From Google

     Perform patent search via Google
  37. RadioTime Browser

     RadioTime Entry point.
  38. RadioTime Categories

     RadioTime Categories .
  39. RadioTime Search

     RadioTime Search.
  40. Reddit At Point.

     Open RSS Feed for Reddit URL under point.
  41. Reddit By Topic.

     Open RSS Feed for Reddit Topic.
  42. Reddit Front Page.

     Open Feed for Reddit Front Page.
  43. Reddit Search.

     Reddit Search Results Feed.
  44. StreamWorld Radio

     Play radio stream.  Example: kcbsFM. Format is stationid+AM/FM.
  45. Tech News From CNet

     Display tech news from CNET
  46. TuneIn Radio

     Translate StreamId to playable stream.
  47. US Stock Market From Google

     Light-weight Google US Stock Markets.
  48. Washington Post

     Washington Post Contents
  49. Wiki Data Search

     Search WikiData.
  50. WordNet Search

     Look up term in WordNet.
  51. Yahoo RSSNews

     News From Yahoo As RSS.
  52. html Google News Search

     Search Google news.
  53. sourceforge Download

     Download specified file.
  54. sourceforge browse mirrors

     Retrieve download page at Sourceforge for specified project.
  55. sourceforge project

     Open specified project page at SourceForge.
  56. w3c IRC Logs

     Use this to pull up the archived logs from the W3C IRC. You need to
     know the exact name of the channel.
  57. w3c Lists

     Use this to pull up the archived mail from the W3C list.  You need
     to know the exact name of the list.
  58. world CNN Content

     Filter down to CNN content area.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Running Terminal Based Applications,  Next: Emacspeak Keyboard Commands,  Prev: Emacspeak Commands And Options,  Up: Top

13 Running Terminal Based Applications.
***************************************

You can use the terminal emulator mode to run arbitrary terminal-based
programs from within Emacs.  You open a terminal emulator buffer using
‘M-x term’, with an extra carriage return to accept the default shell
(such as ‘bash’).  (Incidentally, don’t confuse this command with ‘M-x
terminal-emulator’, which starts an older terminal emulator mode not
supported by Emacspeak.)

   Three kinds of commands are used within the terminal emulator.
Normal term commands use a prefix of ‘C-c’.  The emacspeak commands for
eterm mode use a prefix of ‘C-t’.  Anything else is a normal shell
command.

   There are two sub-modes of term mode: char sub-mode and line
sub-mode.  In char sub-mode, emacspeak will only speak the final chunk
of output — typically the last line displayed.  Each character typed
(except ‘term-escape-char‘) is sent immediately.  Use char sub-mode for
screen oriented programs like ‘vi’ or ‘pine’.

   In line sub-mode, program output is spoken if user option
‘eterm-autospeak’ is turned on.  When you type a return at the end of
the buffer, that line is sent as input, while return not at end copies
the rest of the line to the end and sends it.  When using terminal line
mode with option ‘eterm-autospeak’ turned on, speech feedback is similar
to that obtained in regular ‘shell-mode’ buffers.

   The default is char sub-mode.  You can switch to line sub-mode with
‘C-c C-j’ (recall that control J is a linefeed), and back to char
sub-mode with ‘C-c C-k’ (think of character spelled with a K).

   Note: Use char-mode with the terminal emulator for running
screen-oriented programs like Lynx or Pine.  For regular shell
interaction just use ‘M-x shell’ instead of using the terminal emulator.

13.1 Char Sub-mode of Term Mode
===============================

In char sub-mode of term, each character you type is sent directly to
the inferior process without intervention from emacs, except for the
escape character (usually ‘C-c’).

   Here are some of the useful commands for the char sub-mode.  Note
that the usual commands for killing a buffer or switching buffers do not
work in this mode, so new key bindings are supplied.  The first five
commands are different ways of leaving this mode.

‘C-c C-j’
‘M-x term-line-mode’
     Switch to line sub-mode of term mode.

‘C-c o’
‘M-x other-window’
     Select the next window on this frame.  All windows on current frame
     are arranged in a cyclic order.  This command selects the next
     window in that order.  If there are no other windows, this command
     does nothing.

‘C-c C-f’
‘M-x find-file’
     Switch to a buffer visiting a file, creating one if none already
     exists.

‘C-c 0’
‘M-x delete-window’
     Remove current window from the display.

‘C-c k’
‘M-x kill-buffer’
     Kill the current buffer.

‘C-c C-x C-c’
‘M-x save-buffers-kill-emacs’
     Offer to save each buffer, then kill this Emacs process.

‘C-c C-d’
‘M-x list-directory’
     Display a list of files in or matching DIRNAME, a la ‘ls’.  DIRNAME
     is globbed by the shell if necessary.  Prefix arg (‘C-u’) means
     supply -l switch to ‘ls’.  The list appears in a second window.

‘C-c 1’
‘M-x delete-other-windows’
     Delete all other windows in the frame, making the current window
     fill its frame.

‘C-c C-c’
‘M-x term-send-raw’
     Send the last character typed through the terminal-emulator without
     any interpretation.

‘C-c (’
‘M-x start-kbd-macro’
     Record subsequent keyboard input, defining a keyboard macro.  The
     commands are recorded even as they are executed.  Use ‘C-c )’ to
     finish recording and make the macro available.  Use ‘M-x
     name-last-kbd-macro’ to give it a permanent name.  Prefix arg
     (‘C-u’) means append to last macro defined; This begins by
     re-executing that macro as if you had typed it again.

‘C-c )’
‘M-x end-kbd-macro’
     Finish defining a keyboard macro.  The definition was started by
     ‘C-c (’.  The macro is now available for use via ‘C-c e’, or it can
     be given a name with ‘M-x name-last-kbd-macro’ and then invoked
     under that name.

‘C-c e’
‘M-x call-last-kbd-macro’
     Call the last keyboard macro that you defined with ‘C-c (’.  A
     prefix argument serves as a repeat count.  Zero means repeat until
     error.

   You can get a list of all the key sequences with a C-c prefix by
typing ‘C-c C-h’ while in this sub-mode.  Some of those commands are
only available in the char sub-mode, while others are generally
available.

13.2 Line Sub-mode of Term Mode
===============================

In line sub-mode of term mode, emacs editing commands work normally,
until you type <RETURN> which sends the current line to the inferior
process.

   Here are some of the useful commands for the line sub-mode of the
term mode.  In addition, the usual commands for handling a buffer work
in this mode (‘C-x o’ to switch windows, ‘C-x k’ to kill a buffer, ‘C-x
f’ to find a file, and so forth).

‘C-c C-k’
‘M-x term-char-mode’
     Switch to char sub-mode of term mode.

‘C-c C-z’
‘M-x term-stop-subjob’
     Stop the current subjob.  Resume the subjob in the foreground with
     the ordinary command ‘fg’, or run it in the background with ‘bg’.
     WARNING: if there is no current subjob, you can end up suspending
     the top-level process running in the buffer.  If you accidentally
     do this, use ‘M-x term-continue-subjob’ to resume the process.
     (This is not a problem with most shells, including ‘bash’, since
     they ignore this signal.)

‘C-c C-\’
‘M-x term-quit-subjob’
     Send quit signal to the current subjob.

‘C-c C-c’
‘M-x term-interrupt-subjob’
     Interrupt the current subjob.

‘C-c C-w’
‘M-x backward-kill-word’
     Kill characters backward until encountering the end of a word.

‘C-c C-u’
‘M-x term-kill-input’
     Kill all text from last stuff output by interpreter to point.

‘C-c C-a’
‘M-x term-bol’
     Goes to the beginning of line, then skips past the prompt, if any.
     If a prefix argument is given (‘C-u’), then no prompt skip — go
     straight to column 0.

‘C-c C-d’
‘M-x term-send-eof’
     Send an end of file character (EOF) to the current buffer’s
     process.

   You can get a list of all the key sequences with a ‘C-c’ prefix by
typing ‘C-c C-h’ while in this sub-mode.  Some of those commands are
only available in the line sub-mode, while others are generally
available.

13.3 Eterm Mode Commands
========================

The eterm mode maintains a pointer, which is not necessarily the same as
the terminal’s cursor.  It is intended to be used in eterm’s char
submode.  In char submode, ‘C-t ,’ (that’s control-t followed by comma)
will tell you where the eterm pointer is.  ‘C-t C-i’ will tell you where
the terminal’s cursor is.  The top left corner of the window is "row 0
column 0".

   The eterm pointer can be moved with ‘C-t <’ (to the top of the
screen), ‘C-t >’ (to the bottom of the screen), ‘C-t n’ (to the next
line), ‘C-t p’ (to the previous line), and ‘C-t .’ (to the cursor).
Each of these also speaks the line the pointer moves to.  You can also
search forward with ‘C-t s’.

   These commands speak without moving the pointer: ‘C-t l’ (current
line), ‘C-t w’ (current word), ‘C-t c’ (current character), and ‘C-t
<SPACE>’ (from eterm pointer to cursor).

   You may enter review mode with ‘C-t q’.  In review mode, you can
search the buffer and speak its contents, without disturbing the
terminal.  Commands for moving the pointer are similar to normal editing
commands, but without a control key: ‘n’ and ‘p’ for next and previous
line, ‘f’ and ‘b’ for forward and back by characters, ‘<’ and ‘>’ for
the beginning or end of the buffer.  ‘c’, ‘w’, and ‘l’ speak the current
character, word, and line.  ‘s’ searches forward (not incrementally).  A
comma speaks the pointer location.  A period moves the pointer to the
terminal cursor.  Return to normal term mode by typing ‘q’.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Emacspeak Keyboard Commands,  Next: TTS Servers,  Prev: Running Terminal Based Applications,  Up: Top

14 Emacspeak Keyboard Commands.
*******************************

This chapter gives an overview of all the keymaps used by Emacspeak.
For a complete reference, see *Note emacspeak::.  For basic usage, see
*Note Basic Usage::.

   Emacspeak uses the following keymaps, each of which are invoked by a
specific prefix key.
‘C-e’
     The main Emacspeak keymap.
‘C-e d’
     The text-to-speech keymap.
‘C-;’
     The Emacspeak hyper keymap.
‘C-'’
     The emacspeak super keymap.
‘C-,’
     The Emacspeak alt keymap.
‘C-.’
     The Emacspeak super keymap.
‘C-e x’
     The emacspeak ‘x’ keymap.
‘C-e C-x’
     The Emacspeak ‘C-x’ keymap.

   Primary Emacspeak commands start with ‘C-e’.  Following ‘C-e’ with
‘d’ invokes commands that control the text-to-speech engine.  Note that
silencing speech is an exception to this rule — Speech silence commands
are placed directly on the primary emacspeak-keymap (‘C-e s’ and ‘C-e
.’).

   In addition, Emacspeak introduces five additional keymaps for binding
its extensive set of facilities to convenient keystrokes.

   When running under a windowing system, Emacs automatically receives
keys ‘C-;’, ‘C-'’, ‘C-,’ and ‘C-.’.  When running on the Linux console,
these keys become available after loading the custom Linux keymap found
in ‘emacspeak/tvr/console-keymaps’ after checking out the emacspeak
repository from <https://github.com/tvraman/emacspeak>.

   Emacspeak defines personal keymaps accessible via ‘C-e x’ and ‘C-e
C-x’.  For now, emacspeak does not bind any commands in keymap ‘C-e C-x’
— this keymap is left for end-user personalization.

   Note that the information presented in the following subsections can
also be viewed via Emacs’ built-in Help system; e.g., Press ‘C-; C-h’ to
get a ‘*Help*’ buffer that displays all keys bound in
‘emacspeak-hyper-keymap’.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: TTS Servers,  Next: Emacspeak At Twenty,  Prev: Emacspeak Keyboard Commands,  Up: Top

15 TTS Servers
**************

Emacspeak produces spoken output by communicating with one of many
speech servers.  This section documents the communication protocol
between the client application i.e.  Emacspeak, and the TTS (Text to
Speech) server.  This section is primarily intended for developers
wishing to:

   • Create new speech servers that comply with this communication
     protocol

   • Developers of other client applications who wish to use the various
     Emacspeak speech servers.

   For additional notes on how to log and view TTS server commands when
developing a speech server, see
<http://emacspeak.blogspot.com/2015/04/howto-log-speech-server-output-to-aid.html>.

15.1 High-level Overview
========================

The TTS server reads commands from standard input, and script
_speech-server_ can be used to cause a TTS server to communicate via a
TCP socket.  Speech server commands are used by the client application
to make specific requests of the server; the server listens for these
requests in a non-blocking read loop and executes requests as they
become available.  Requests can be classified as follows:

   • Commands that send text to be spoken.

   • Commands that set _state_ of the TTS server.

   All commands are of the form

     commandWord {arguments}

   The braces are optional if the command argument contains no white
space.  The speech server maintains a _current state_ that determines
various characteristics of spoken output such as speech rate,
punctuations mode etc.  (see set of commands that manipulate speech
state for complete list).  The client application _queues_ The text and
non-speech audio output to be produced before asking the server to
_dispatch_ the set of queued requests, i.e.  start producing output.

   Once the server has been asked to produce output, it removes items
from the front of the queue, sends the requisite commands to the
underlying TTS engine, and waits for the engine to acknowledge that the
request has been completely processed.  This is a non-blocking
operation, i.e., if the client application generates additional
requests, these are processed _immediately_.

   The above design allows the Emacspeak TTS server to be _highly_
responsive; Client applications can queue large amounts of text
(typically queued a clause at a time to achieve the best prosody), ask
the TTS server to start speaking, and interrupt the spoken output at any
time.

15.1.1 Commands That Queue Output.
----------------------------------

This section documents commands that either produce spoken output, or
queue output to be produced on demand.  Commands that place the request
on the queue are clearly marked.

     version

   Speaks the _version_ of the TTS engine.  Produces output immediately.

     tts_say text

   Speaks the specified _text_ immediately.  The text is not
pre-processed in any way, contrast this with the primary way of speaking
text which is to queue text before asking the server to process the
queue.

   Note that this command needs to handle the special syntax for
morpheme boundaries ‘[*]’.  The ‘[*]’ syntax is specific to the Dectalk
family of synthesizers; servers for other TTS engines need to map this
pattern to the engine-specific code for each engine.  As an example, see
‘servers/outloud’ A morpheme boundary results in synthesizing compound
words such as _left bracket_ with the right intonation; using a space
would result in that phrase being synthesized as two separate words.

     l c

   Speak _c_ a single character, as a letter.  The character is spoken
immediately.  This command uses the TTS engine’s capability to speak a
single character with the ability to flush speech _immediately_.  Client
applications wishing to produce character-at-a-time output, e.g., when
providing character echo during keyboard input should use this command.

     d

   This command is used to _dispatch_ all queued requests.  It was
renamed to a single character command (like many of the commonly used
TTS server commands) to work more effectively over slow (9600) dialup
lines.  The effect of calling this command is for the TTS server to
start processing items that have been queued via earlier requests.

     s

   Stop speech _immediately_.  Spoken output is interrupted, and all
pending requests are flushed from the queue.

     q text

   Queues text to be spoken.  No spoken output is produced until a
_dispatch_ request is received via execution of command _d_.

     c codes

   Queues synthesis codes to be sent to the TTS engine.  Codes are sent
to the engine with no further transformation or processing.  The codes
are inserted into the output queue and will be dispatched to the TTS
engine at the appropriate point in the output stream.

     a filename

   Cues the audio file identified by filename for playing.

     t freq length

   Queues a tone to be played at the specified frequency and having the
specified length.  Frequency is specified in hertz and length is
specified in milliseconds.

     sh duration

   Queues the specified duration of silence.  Silence is specified in
milliseconds.

15.1.2 Commands That Set State
------------------------------

     tts_reset

   Reset TTS engine to default settings.

     tts_set_punctuations mode

   Sets TTS engine to the specified punctuation mode.  Typically, TTS
servers provide at least three modes:

   • None: Do not speak punctuation characters.

   • Some: Speak some punctuation characters.  Used for English prose.

   • All: Speak out _all_ punctuation characters; useful in programming
     modes.

     tts_set_speech_rate rate

   Sets speech rate.  The interpretation of this value is typically
engine specific.

     tts_set_character_scale factor

   Scale factor applied to speech rate when speaking individual
characters.Thus, setting speech rate to 500 and character scale to 1.2
will cause command _l_ to use a speech rate of _500 * 1.2 = 600_.

     tts_split_caps flag

   Set state of _split caps_ processing.  Turn this on to speak
mixed-case (AKA Camel Case) identifiers.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Emacspeak At Twenty,  Next: Acknowledgments,  Prev: TTS Servers,  Up: Top

16 Emacspeak At Twenty.
***********************

This article was originally published to mark the 20th anniversary of
Emacspeak.  It has been incorporated as the final chapter of the
Emacspeak manual for easy reference.  The original article is available
on the Web and in its original source form as an *org* file in the
emacspeak distribution.
* Menu:

* Turning Twenty::
* Using UNIX With Speech Output  —   1994: Using UNIX With Speech Output  ---  1994.
* Key Enabler  ---  Emacs And Lisp Advice::
* Key Component  —   Text To Speech (TTS): Key Component  ---  Text To Speech (TTS).
* Emacspeak And Software Development::
* Emacspeak And Authoring Documents::
* Emacspeak And The Early Days Of The Web::
* Audio Formatting  —   Generalizing Aural CSS: Audio Formatting  ---  Generalizing Aural CSS.
* Conversational Gestures For The Audio Desktop::
* Accessing Media Streams::
* EBooks —    Ubiquitous Access To Books: EBooks ---  Ubiquitous Access To Books.
* Leveraging Computational Tools  —   From SQL And R To IPython Notebooks: Leveraging Computational Tools  ---  From SQL And R To IPython Notebooks.
* Social Web   —  EMail, Instant Messaging, Blogging  And Tweeting Using Open Protocols: Social Web  ---  EMail Instant Messaging Blogging And Tweeting Using Open Protocols.
* The RESTful Web  —   Web Wizards And URL Templates For Faster Access: The RESTful Web  ---  Web Wizards And URL Templates For Faster Access.
* Mashing It Up  —   Leveraging Evolving Web APIs: Mashing It Up  --- Leveraging Evolving Web APIs.
* Conclusion --- Turning Twenty::
* References::


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Turning Twenty,  Next: Using UNIX With Speech Output --- 1994,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.1 Turning Twenty
===================

One afternoon in the third week of September 1994, I started writing
myself a small Emacs extension using Lisp Advice to make Emacs speak to
me so I could use a Linux laptop.  As Emacspeak turns twenty, this
article is both a quick look back over the twenty years of lessons
learned, as well as a glimpse into what might be possible as we evolve
to a world of connected, ubiquitous computing.  This article draws on
Learning To Program In 10 Years (http://norvig.com/21-days.html) by
Peter Norvig for some of its inspiration.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Using UNIX With Speech Output --- 1994,  Next: Key Enabler --- Emacs And Lisp Advice,  Prev: Turning Twenty,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.2 Using UNIX With Speech Output — 1994
=========================================

As a graduate student at Cornell
(http://www.cs.cornell.edu/info/people/raman/raman.html), I accessed my
Unix workstation (SunOS) from an Intel 486 PC running IBM Screen-Reader.
There was no means of directly using a UNIX box at the time; after
graduating, I continued doing the same for about six months at Digital
Research in Cambridge — the only difference being that my desktop
workstation was now a DEC-Alpha.  Throughout this time, Emacs was my
environment of choice for everything from software development and
Internet access to writing documents.

   In fall of 1994, I wanted to start using a laptop running Linux; a
colleague (Dave Wecker) was retiring his 386mhz laptop that already had
Linux on it and I decided to inherit it.  But there was only one problem
— until then I had always accessed a UNIX machine from a secondary PC
running a screen-reader — something that would clearly make no sense
with a laptop!

   Another colleague, Win Treese, had pointed out the interesting
possibilities presented by package *advice* in Emacs 19.23 — a few weeks
earlier, he had sent around a small snippet of code that magically
modified Emacs’ version-control primitive to first create an _RCS_
directory if none existed before adding a file to version control.  When
I speculated about using the Linux laptop, Dave remarked — you live in
Emacs anyway — why dont you just make it talk!

   Connecting the dots, I decided to write myself a tool that augmented
Emacs’ default behavior to _speak_ — within about 4 hours, version 0.01
of Emacspeak was up and running.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Key Enabler --- Emacs And Lisp Advice,  Next: Key Component --- Text To Speech (TTS),  Prev: Using UNIX With Speech Output --- 1994,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.3 Key Enabler — Emacs And Lisp Advice
========================================

It took me a couple of weeks to fully recognize the potential of what I
had built with Emacs Lisp Advice.  Until then, I had used screen-readers
to listen to the contents of the visual display — but Lisp Advice let me
do a lot more — it enabled Emacspeak to generate highly context-specific
spoken feedback, augmented by a set of auditory icons.  I later
formalized this design under the name speech-enabled applications
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-voicing).  For a detailed overview of
the architecture of Emacspeak, see the chapter on Emacspeak
(http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net/raman/publications/bc-emacspeak/publish-emacspeak-bc.html)
in the book Beautiful Code
(http://emacspeak.blogspot.com/2007/07/emacspeak-and-beautiful-code.html)
from O’Reilly.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Key Component --- Text To Speech (TTS),  Next: Emacspeak And Software Development,  Prev: Key Enabler --- Emacs And Lisp Advice,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.4 Key Component — Text To Speech (TTS)
=========================================

Emacspeak is a speech-subsystem for Emacs; it depends on an external
Text-To-Speech (TTS) engine to produce speech.  In 1994, Digital
Equipment released what would turn out to be the last in the line of
hardware DECTalk synthesizers, the DECTalk Express.  This was
essentially an Intel 386with 1mb of flash memory that ran a version of
the DECTalk TTS software — to date, it still remains my favorite
Text-To-Speech engine.  At the time, I also had a software version of
the same engine running on my DEC-Alpha workstation; the desire to use
either a software or hardware solution to produce speech output defined
the Emacspeak speech-server architecture.

   I went to IBM Research in 1999; this coincided with IBM releasing a
version of the Eloquennce TTS engine on Linux under the name _ViaVoice
Outloud_.  My colleague Jeffrey Sorenson implemented an early version of
the Emacspeak speech-server for this engine using the OSS API; I later
updated it to use the ALSA library while on a flight back to SFO from
Boston in 2001.  That is still the TTS engine that is speaking as I type
this article on my laptop.

   20 years on, TTS continues to be the weakest link on Linux; the best
available solution in terms of quality continues to be the Linux port of
Eloquence TTS available from Voxin in Europe for a small price.  Looking
back across 20 years, the state of TTS on Linux in particular and across
all platforms in general continues to be a disappointment; most of
today’s newer TTS engines are geared toward mainstream use-cases where
_naturalness_ of the voice tends to supersede intelligibility at higher
speech-rates.  Ironically, modern TTS engines also give applications far
less control over the generated output — as a case in point, I
implemented Audio System For Technical Readings (AsTeR)
(http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/raman/aster/demo.html) in 1994 using the
DECTalk; 20 years later, we implemented MathML support
(http://allthingsd.com/20130604/t-v-ramans-audio-deja-vu-from-google-a-math-reading-system-for-the-web/)
in ChromeVox (http://www.chromevox.com/) using Google TTS. In 2013, it
turned out to be difficult or impossible to implement the type of audio
renderings that were possible with the admittedly less-natural sounding
DECTalk!


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Emacspeak And Software Development,  Next: Emacspeak And Authoring Documents,  Prev: Key Component --- Text To Speech (TTS),  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.5 Emacspeak And Software Development
=======================================

Version 0.01 of Emacspeak was written using IBM Screen-Reader on a PC
with a terminal emulator accessing a UNIX workstation.  But in about 2
weeks, Emacspeak was already a better environment for developing
Emacspeak in particular and software development in general.  Here are a
few highlights in 1994 that made Emacspeak a good software development
environment, present-day users of Emacspeak will see that that was just
scratching the surface.

   • Audio formatting using voice-lock to provide aural syntax
     highlighting.
   • Succinct auditory icons to provide efficient feedback.
   • Emacs’ ability to navigate code structurally —
   as opposed to moving around by plain-text units such as characters,
lines and words.  S-Expressions are a major win!
   • Emacs’ ability to specialize behavior based on major and minor
     modes.
   • Ability to browse program code using tags, and getting fluent
     spoken feedback.
   • Completion *everywhere*.
   • Everything is searchable — this is a huge win when you cannot see
     the screen.
   • Interactive spell-checking using ISpell with continuous spoken
     feedback augmented by aural highlights.
   • Running code compilation and being able to jump to errors with
     spoken feedback.
   • Ability to move through diff chunks when working with source code
     and source control systems; refined diffs as provided by the
     *ediff* package when speech-enabled is a major productivity win.
   • Ability to easily move between email, document authoring and
     programming — though this may appear trivial, it continues to be
     one of Emacs’ biggest wins.

   Long-term Emacs users will recognize all of the above as being among
the reasons why they do most things inside Emacs — there is little that
is Emacspeak specific in the above list — except that Emacspeak was able
to provide fluent, well-integrated contextual feedback for all of these
tasks.  And that was a game-changer given what I had had before
Emacspeak.  As a case in point, I did not dare program in Python before
I speech-enabled Emacs’ Python-Mode; the fact that white space is
significant in Python made it difficult to program using a plain
screen-reader that was unaware of the semantics of the underlying
content being accessed.

* Menu:

* Programming Defensively::


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Programming Defensively,  Up: Emacspeak And Software Development

16.5.1 Programming Defensively
------------------------------

As an aside, note that all of Emacspeak has been developed over the last
20 years with Emacspeak being the only adaptive technology on my system.
This has led to some interesting design consequences, primary among them
being a strong education in *programming defensively*.  Here are some
other key features of the Emacspeak code-base:

  1. The code-base is extremely *bushy* rather than deeply hierarchical
     — this means that when a module breaks, it does not affect the rest
     of the system.
  2. Separation of concerns with respect to the various layers, a
     tightly knit core speech library interfaces with any one of many
     speech servers running as an external process.
  3. Audio formatting is abstracted by using the formalism defined in
     Aural CSS.
  4. Emacspeak integrates with Emacs’ user interface conventions by
     taking over a single prefix key *C-e* with _all_ Emacspeak commands
     accessed through that single keymap.  This helps embedding
     Emacspeak functionality into a large variety of third party modules
     without any loss of functionality.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Emacspeak And Authoring Documents,  Next: Emacspeak And The Early Days Of The Web,  Prev: Emacspeak And Software Development,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.6 Emacspeak And Authoring Documents
======================================

In 1994, my preferred environment for authoring *all* documents was
*LaTeX* using the Auctex package.  Later I started writing either LaTeX
or HTML using the appropriate support modes; today I use *org-mode* to
do most of my content authoring.  Personally, I have never been a fan of
What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) authoring tools — in my
experience that places an undue burden on the author by drawing
attention away from the content to focus on the final appearance.  An
added benefit of creating content in Emacs in the form of light-weight
markup is that the content is long-lived — I can still usefully process
and re-use things I have written 25 years ago.

   Emacs, with Emacspeak providing audio formatting and context-specific
feedback remains my environment of choice for writing all forms of
content ranging from simple email messages to polished documents for
print publishing.  And it is worth repeating that I *never* need to
focus on what the content is going to look like — that job is best left
to the computer.

   As an example of producing high-fidelity visual content, see this
write-up on Polyhedral Geometry
(http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net/raman/publications/polyhedra/) that I
published in 2002; all of the content, including the drawings were
created by me using Emacs.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Emacspeak And The Early Days Of The Web,  Next: Audio Formatting --- Generalizing Aural CSS,  Prev: Emacspeak And Authoring Documents,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.7 Emacspeak And The Early Days Of The Web
============================================

Right around the time that I was writing version 0.01 of emacspeak, a
far more significant software movement was under way — the World Wide
Web was moving from the realms of academia to the mainstream world with
the launch of NCSA Mosaic — and in late 1994 by the first commercial Web
browser in Netscape Navigator.  Emacs had always enabled integrated
access to FTP archives via package _ange-ftp_; in late 1993, William
Perry released Emacs-W3, a Web browser for Emacs written entirely in
Emacs Lisp.  W3 was one of the first large packages to be speech-enabled
by Emacspeak — later it was the browser on which I implemented the first
draft of the Aural CSS specification
(http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/aural.html).  Emacs-W3 enabled many early
innovations in the context of providing non-visual access to Web
content, including audio formatting and structured content navigation;
in summer of 1995, Dave Raggett and I outlined a few extensions to HTML
Forms, including the *label* element as a means of associating metadata
with interactive form controls in HTML, and many of these ideas were
prototyped in Emacs-W3 at the time.  Over the years, Emacs-W3 fell
behind the times — especially as the Web moved away from cleanly
structured HTML to a massive soup of unmatched tags.  This made parsing
and error-correcting badly-formed HTML markup expensive to do in
Emacs-Lisp — and performance suffered.  To add to this, mainstream users
moved away because Emacs’ rendering engine at the time was not rich
enough to provide the type of visual renderings that users had come to
expect.  The advent of DHTML, and JavaScript based Web Applications
finally killed off Emacs-W3 as far as most Emacs users were concerned.

   But Emacs-W3 went through a revival on the emacspeak audio desktop in
late 1999 with the arrival of XSLT, and Daniel Veillard’s excellent
implementation via the *libxml2* and *libxslt* packages.  With these in
hand, Emacspeak was able to hand-off the bulk of HTML error correction
to the *xsltproc* tool.  The lack of visual fidelity didn’t matter much
for an eyes-free environment; so Emacs-W3 continued to be a useful tool
for consuming large amounts of Web content that did not require
JavaScript support.

   During the last 24 months, *libxml2* has been built into Emacs; this
means that you can now parse arbitrary HTML as found in the wild without
incurring a performance hit.  This functionality was leveraged first by
package *shr* (Simple HTML Renderer) within the *gnus* package for
rendering HTML email.  Later, the author of *gnus* and *shr* created a
new light-weight HTML viewer called *eww* that is now part of Emacs 24.
With improved support for variable pitch fonts and image embedding,
Emacs is once again able to provide visual renderings for a large
proportion of text-heavy Web content where it becomes useful for
mainstream Emacs users to view at least some Web content within Emacs;
during the last year, I have added support within emacspeak to extend
package *eww*
(http://emacspeak.blogspot.com/2014/05/emacspeak-eww-updates-for-complete.html)
with support for DOM filtering and quick content navigation.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Audio Formatting --- Generalizing Aural CSS,  Next: Conversational Gestures For The Audio Desktop,  Prev: Emacspeak And The Early Days Of The Web,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.8 Audio Formatting — Generalizing Aural CSS
==============================================

A key idea in Audio System For Technical Readings (AsTeR)
(http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/raman/aster/aster-toplevel.html) was the
use of various voice properties in combination with non-speech auditory
icons to create rich aural renderings.  When I implemented Emacspeak, I
brought over the notion of audio formatting to all buffers in Emacs by
creating a *voice-lock* module that paralleled Emacs’ *font-lock*
module.  The visual medium is far richer in terms of available fonts and
colors as compared to voice parameters available on TTS engines —
consequently, it did not make sense to directly map Emacs’ *face*
properties to voice parameters.  To aid in projecting visual formatting
onto auditory space, I created property *personality* analogous to
Emacs’ *face* property that could be applied to content displayed in
Emacs; module *voice-lock* applied that property appropriately, and the
Emacspeak core handled the details of mapping personality values to the
underlying TTS engine.

   The values used in property *personality* were abstract, i.e., they
were independent of any given speech engine.  Later in the fall of 1995,
I re-expressed these set of abstract voice properties in terms of Aural
CSS; the work was published as a first draft toward the end of 1995, and
implemented in Emacs-W3 in early 1996.  Aural CSS was an appendix in the
CSS-1.0 specification; later, it graduated to being its own module
within CSS-2.0.

   Later in 1996, all of Emacs’ *voice-lock* functionality was
re-implemented in terms of Aural CSS; the implementation has stood the
test of time in that as I added support for more TTS engines, I was able
to implement engine-specific mappings of Aural-CSS values.  This meant
that the rest of Emacspeak could define various types of voices for use
in specific contexts without having to worry about individual TTS
engines.  Conceptually, property *personality* can be thought of as
holding an *aural display list* — various parts of the system can
annotate pieces of text with relevant properties that finally get
rendered in the aggregate.  This model also works well with the notion
of Emacs overlays where a moving overlay is used to temporarily
highlight text that has other context-specific properties applied to it.

   Audio formatting as implemented in Emacspeak is extremely effective
when working with all types of content ranging from richly structured
mark-up documents (LaTeX, org-mode) and formatted Web pages to program
source code.  Perceptually, switching to audio formatted output feels
like switching from a black-and-white monitor to a rich color display.
Today, Emacspeak’s audio formatted output is the only way I can
correctly write *else if* vs *elsif* in various programming languages!


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Conversational Gestures For The Audio Desktop,  Next: Accessing Media Streams,  Prev: Audio Formatting --- Generalizing Aural CSS,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.9 Conversational Gestures For The Audio Desktop
==================================================

By 1996, Emacspeak was the only piece of adaptive technology I used; in
fall of 1995, I had moved to Adobe Systems from DEC Research to focus on
enhancing the Portable Document Format (PDF) to make PDF content
repurposable.  Between 1996 and 1998, I was primarily focused on
electronic document formats — I took this opportunity to step back and
evaluate what I had built as an auditory interface within Emacspeak.
This retrospect proved extremely useful in gaining a sense of
perspective and led to formalizing the high-level concept of
_Conversational Gestures_ and structured browsing/searching as a means
of thinking about user interfaces.

   By now, Emacspeak was a complete environment — I formalized what it
provided under the moniker _Complete Audio Desktop_.  The fully
integrated user experience allowed me to move forward with respect to
defining interaction models that were highly optimized to eyes-free
interaction — as an example, see how Emacspeak interfaces with modes
like *dired* (Directory Editor) for browsing and manipulating the
filesystem, or *proced* (Process Editor) for browsing and manipulating
running processes.  Emacs’ integration with *ispell* for spell checking,
as well as its various completion facilities ranging from minibuffer
completion to other forms of dynamic completion while typing text
provided more opportunities for creating innovative forms of eyes-free
interaction.  With respect to what had gone before (and is still par for
the course as far as traditional screen-readers are concerned), these
types of highly dynamic interfaces present a challenge.  For example,
consider handling a completion interface using a screen-reader that is
speaking the visual display.  There is a significant challenge in
deciding _what to speak_ e.g., when presented with a list of
completions, the currently typed text, and the default completion, which
of these should you speak, and in what order?  The problem gets harder
when you consider that the underlying semantics of these items is
generally not available from examining the visual presentation in a
consistent manner.  By having direct access to the underlying
information being presented, Emacspeak had a leg up with respect to
addressing the higher-level question — when you do have access to this
information, how do you present it effectively in an eyes-free
environment?  For this and many other cases of dynamic interaction, a
combination of audio formatting, auditory icons, and the ability to
synthesize succinct messages from a combination of information items —
rather than having to forcibly speak each item as it is rendered
visually provided for highly efficient eyes-free interaction.

   This was also when I stepped back to build out Emacspeak’s table
browsing facilities — see the online Emacspeak documentation for details
on Emacspeak’s table browsing functionality which continues to remain
one of the richest collection of end-user affordances for working with
two-dimensional data.

* Menu:

* Speech-Enabling Interactive Games::


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Speech-Enabling Interactive Games,  Up: Conversational Gestures For The Audio Desktop

16.9.1 Speech-Enabling Interactive Games
----------------------------------------

So in 1997, I went the next step in asking — given access to the
underlying information, is it possible to build effective eyes-free
interaction to highly interactive tasks?  I picked *Tetris* as a means
of exploring this space, the result was an Emacspeak extension to
speech-enable module *tetris.el*.  The details of what was learned were
published as a paper in Assets 98, and expanded as a chapter on
Conversational Gestures in my book on Auditory Interfaces; that book was
in a sense a culmination of stepping back and gaining a sense of
perspective of what I had build during this period.  The work on
Conversational Gestures also helped in formalizing the abstract user
interface layer that formed part of the XForms
(http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Forms/) work at the W3C.

   Speech-enabling games for effective eyes-free interaction has proven
highly educational.  Interactive games are typically built to challenge
the user, and if the eyes-free interface is inefficient, you just won’t
play the game — contrast this with a task that you *must* perform, where
you’re likely to make do with a sub-optimal interface.  Over the years,
Emacspeak has come to include eyes-free interfaces to several games
including Tetris (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetris), Sudoku
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2048_(video_game)), and of late the
popular 2048 game (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2048_(video_game)).
Each of these have in turn contributed to enhancing the interaction
model in Emacspeak, and those innovations typically make their way to
the rest of the environment.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Accessing Media Streams,  Next: EBooks --- Ubiquitous Access To Books,  Prev: Conversational Gestures For The Audio Desktop,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.10 Accessing Media Streams
=============================

Streaming real-time audio on the Internet became a reality with the
advent of RealAudio in 1995; soon there were a large number of media
streams available on the Internet ranging from music streams to live
radio stations.  But there was an interesting twist — for the most part,
all of these media streams expected one to look at the screen, even
though the primary content was purely audio (streaming video hadn’t
arrived yet!).  Starting in 1996, Emacspeak started including a variety
of eyes-free front-ends for accessing media streams.  Initially, this
was achieved by building a wrapper around *trplayer* — a headless
version of RealPlayer; later I built Emacspeak module
*emacspeak-m-player* for interfacing with package *mplayer*.  A key
aspect of streaming media integration in emacspeak is that one can
launch and control streams without ever switching away from one’s
primary task; thus, you can continue to type email or edit code while
seamlessly launching and controlling media streams.  Over the years,
Emacspeak has come to integrate with Emacs packages like *emms* as well
as providing wrappers for *mplayer* and *alsaplayer* — collectively,
these let you efficiently launch all types of media streams, including
streaming video, without having to explicitly switch context.

   In the mid-90’s, Emacspeak started including a directory of media
links to some of the more popular radio stations — primarily as a means
of helping users getting started — Emacs’ ability to rapidly complete
directory and file-names turned out to be the most effective means of
quickly launching everything from streaming radio stations to audio
books.  And even better — as the Emacs community develops better and
smarter ways of navigating the filesystem using completions, e.g.,
package *ido*, these types of actions become even more efficient!


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: EBooks --- Ubiquitous Access To Books,  Next: Leveraging Computational Tools --- From SQL And R To IPython Notebooks,  Prev: Accessing Media Streams,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.11 EBooks — Ubiquitous Access To Books
=========================================

AsTeR — was motivated by the increasing availability of technical
material as online electronic documents.  While AsTeR processed the TeX
family of markup languages, more general ebooks came in a wide range of
formats, ranging from plain text generated from various underlying file
formats to structured EBooks, with Project Gutenberg
(http://www.gutenberg.org/) leading the way.  During the mid-90’s, I had
access to a wide range of electronic materials from sources such as
O’Reilly Publishing and various electronic journals — The Perl Journal
(TPJ) is one that I still remember fondly.

   Emacspeak provided fairly light-weight but efficient access to all of
the electronic books I had on my local disk — Emacs’ strengths with
respect to browsing textual documents meant that I needed to build
little that was specific to Emacspeak.  The late 90’s saw the arrival of
Daisy as an XML-based format for accessible electronic books.  The last
decade has seen the rapid convergence to *epub* as a distribution format
of choice for electronic books.  Emacspeak provides interaction modes
that make organizing, searching and reading these materials on the
Emacspeak Audio Desktop a pleasant experience.  Emacspeak also provides
an OCR-Mode — this enables one to call out to an external OCR program
and read the content efficiently.

   The somewhat informal process used by publishers like O’Reilly to
make technical material available to users with print impairments was
later formalized by BookShare (https://www.bookshare.org/) — today,
qualified users can obtain a large number of books and periodicals
initially as Daisy-3 and increasingly as *EPub*.  BookShare provides a
RESTful API for searching and downloading books; Emacspeak module
*emacspeak-bookshare* implements this API to create a client for
browsing the BookShare library, downloading and organizing books
locally, and an integrated ebook reading mode to round off the
experience.

   A useful complement to this suite of tools is the Calibre package for
organizing ones ebook collection; Emacspeak now implements an *EPub
Interaction* mode that leverages Calibre (actually sqlite3) to search
and browse books, along with an integrated *EPub mode* for reading
books.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Leveraging Computational Tools --- From SQL And R To IPython Notebooks,  Next: Social Web --- EMail Instant Messaging Blogging And Tweeting Using Open Protocols,  Prev: EBooks --- Ubiquitous Access To Books,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.12 Leveraging Computational Tools — From SQL And R To IPython Notebooks
==========================================================================

The ability to invoke external processes and interface with them via a
simple read-eval-loop (REPL) is perhaps one of Emacs’ strongest
extension points.  This means that a wide variety of computational tools
become immediately available for embedding within the Emacs environment
— a facility that has been widely exploited by the Emacs community.
Over the years, Emacspeak has leveraged many of these facilities to
provide a well-integrated auditory interface.

   Starting from a tight code, eval, test form of iterative programming
as encouraged by Lisp.  Applied to languages like Python and Ruby to
exploratory computational tools such as R for data analysis and SQL for
database interaction, the Emacspeak Audio Desktop has come to encompass
a collection of rich computational tools that provide an efficient
eyes-free experience.

   In this context, module *ein* — Emacs IPython Notebooks — provides
another excellent example of an Emacs tool that helps interface
seamlessly with others in the technical domain.  IPython Notebooks
provide an easy means of reaching a large audience when publishing
technical material with interactive computational content; module *ein*
brings the power and convenience of Emacs ’ editing facilities when
developing the content.  Speech-enabling package *ein* is a major win
since editing program source code in an eyes-free environment is far
smoother in Emacs than in a browser-based editor.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Social Web --- EMail Instant Messaging Blogging And Tweeting Using Open Protocols,  Next: The RESTful Web --- Web Wizards And URL Templates For Faster Access,  Prev: Leveraging Computational Tools --- From SQL And R To IPython Notebooks,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.13 Social Web — EMail, Instant Messaging, Blogging And Tweeting Using Open Protocols
=======================================================================================

The ability to process large amounts of email and electronic news has
always been a feature of Emacs.  I started using package *vm* for email
in 1990, along with *gnus* for Usenet access many years before
developing Emacspeak.  So these were the first major packages that
Emacspeak speech-enabled.  Being able to access the underlying data
structures used to visually render email messages and Usenet articles
enabled Emacspeak to produce rich, succinct auditory output — this
vastly increased my ability to consume and organize large amounts of
information.  Toward the turn of the century, instant messaging arrived
in the mainstream — package *tnt* provided an Emacs implementation of a
chat client that could communicate with users on the then popular AOL
Instant Messenger platform.  At the time, I worked at IBM Research, and
inspired by package *tnt*, I created an Emacs client called *ChatterBox*
using the Lotus Sametime API — this enabled me to communicate with
colleagues at work from the comfort of Emacs.  Packages like *vm*,
*gnus*, *tnt* and *ChatterBox* provide an interesting example of how
availability of a clean underlying API to a specific service or content
stream can encourage the creation of efficient (and different) user
interfaces.  The touchstone of such successful implementations is a
simple test — can the user of a specific interface tell if the person
whom he is communicating with is also using the same interface?  In each
of the examples enumerated above, a user at one end of the communication
chain cannot tell, and in fact shouldn’t be able to tell what client the
user at the other end is using.  Contrast this with closed services that
have an inherent _lock-in_ model e.g., proprietary word processors that
use undocumented serialization formats — for a fun read, see this
write-up on Universe Of Fancy Colored Paper
(http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net/publications/colored-paper.html).

   Today, my personal choice for instant messaging is the open Jabber
platform.  I connect to Jabber via Emacs package *emacs-jabber* and with
Emacspeak providing a light-weight wrapper for generating the eyes-free
interface, I can communicate seamlessly with colleagues and friends
around the world.

   As the Web evolved to encompass ever-increasing swathes of
communication functionality that had already been available on the
Internet, we saw the world move from Usenet groups to *Blogs* — I
remember initially dismissing the blogging phenomenon as just a
re-invention of Usenet in the early days.  However, mainstream users
flocked to Blogging, and I later realized that blogging as a publishing
platform brought along interesting features that made communicating and
publishing information *much* easier.  In 2005, I joined Google; during
the winter holidays that year, I implemented a light-weight client for
Blogger that became the start of Emacs package *g-client* — this package
provides Emacs wrappers for Google services that provide a RESTful API.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: The RESTful Web --- Web Wizards And URL Templates For Faster Access,  Next: Mashing It Up --- Leveraging Evolving Web APIs,  Prev: Social Web --- EMail Instant Messaging Blogging And Tweeting Using Open Protocols,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.14 The RESTful Web — Web Wizards And URL Templates For Faster Access
=======================================================================

Today, the Web, based on URLs and HTTP-style protocols is widely
recognized as a platform in its own right.  This platform emerged over
time — to me, Web APIs arrived in the late 90’s when I observed the
following with respect to my own behavior on many popular sites:

  1. I opened a Web page that took a while to load (remember, I was
     still using Emacs-W3),
  2. I then searched through the page to find a form-field that I filled
     out, e.g., start and end destinations on Yahoo Maps,
  3. I hit *submit*, and once again waited for a heavy-weight HTML page
     to load,
  4. And finally, I hunted through the rendered content to find what I
     was looking for.

   This pattern repeated across a wide-range of interactive Web sites
ranging from AltaVista for search (this was pre-Google), Yahoo Maps for
directions, and Amazon for product searches to name but a few.  So I
decided to automate away the pain by creating Emacspeak module
*emacspeak-websearch* that did the following:

  1. Prompt via the minibuffer for the requisite fields,
  2. Consed up an HTTP GET URL,
  3. Retrieved this URL,
  4. And filtered out the specific portion of the HTML DOM that held the
     generated response.

   Notice that the above implementation hard-wires the CGI parameter
names used by a given Web application into the code implemented in
module *emacspeak-websearch*.  REST as a design pattern had not yet been
recognized, leave alone formalized, and module *emacspeak-websearch* was
initially criticized as being fragile.

   However, over time, the CGI parameter names remained fixed — the only
things that have required updating in the Emacspeak code-base are the
content filtering rules that extract the response — for popular
services, this has averaged about one to two times a year.

   I later codified these filtering rules in terms of XPath, and also
integrated XSLT-based pre-processing of incoming HTML content before it
got handed off to Emacs-W3 — and yes, Emacs/Advice once again came in
handy with respect to injecting XSLT pre-processing into Emacs-W3!

   Later, in early 2000, I created companion module
*emacspeak-url-templates* — partially inspired by Emacs’ *webjump*
module.  URL templates in Emacspeak leveraged the recognized REST
interaction pattern to provide a large collection of Web widgets that
could be quickly invoked to provide rapid access to the right pieces of
information on the Web.

   The final icing on the cake was the arrival of RSS and Atom feeds and
the consequent deep-linking into content-rich sites — this meant that
Emacspeak could provide audio renderings of useful content without
having to deal with complex visual navigation!  While Google Reader
existed, Emacspeak provided a light-weight *greader* client for managing
ones feed subscriptions; with the demise of Google Reader, I implemented
module *emacspeak-feeds* for organizing feeds on the Emacspeak desktop.
A companion package *emacspeak-webspace* implements additional goodies
including a continuously updating ticker of headlines taken from the
user’s collection of subscribed feeds.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Mashing It Up --- Leveraging Evolving Web APIs,  Next: Conclusion --- Turning Twenty,  Prev: The RESTful Web --- Web Wizards And URL Templates For Faster Access,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.15 Mashing It Up — Leveraging Evolving Web APIs
==================================================

The next step in this evolution came with the arrival of richer Web APIs
— especially ones that defined a clean client/server separation.  In
this respect, the world of Web APIs is a somewhat mixed bag in that many
Web sites equate a Web API with a JS-based API that can be exclusively
invoked from within a Web-Browser run-time.  The issue with that type of
API binding is that the only runtime that is supported is a full-blown
Web browser; but the arrival of native mobile apps has actually proven a
net positive in encouraging sites to create a cleaner separation.
Emacspeak has leveraged these APIs to create Emacspeak front-ends to
many useful services, here are a few:

  1. Minibuffer completion for Google Search using Google Suggest to
     provide completions.
  2. Librivox for browsing and playing free audio books.
  3. NPR for browsing and playing NPR archived programs.
  4. BBC for playing a wide variety of streaming content available from
     the BBC.
  5. A Google Maps front-end that provides instantaneous access to
     directions and Places search.
  6. Access to Twitter via package *twittering-mode*.

   And a lot more than will fit this margin!  This is an example of
generalizing the concept of a mashup as seen on the Web with respect to
creating hybrid applications by bringing together a collection of
different Web APIs.  Another way to think of such separation is to view
an application as a *head* and a *body* — where the *head* is a specific
user interface, with the *body* implementing the application logic.  A
cleanly defined separation between the *head* and *body* allows one to
attach _different_ user interfaces i.e., *heads* to the given *body*
without any loss of functionality, or the need to re-implement the
entire application.  Modern platforms like Android enable such
separation via an Intent
(http://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/Intent.html)
mechanism.  The Web platform as originally defined around URLs is
actually well-suited to this type of separation — though the full
potential of this design pattern remains to be fully realized given
today’s tight association of the Web to the Web Browser.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Conclusion --- Turning Twenty,  Next: References,  Prev: Mashing It Up --- Leveraging Evolving Web APIs,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.16 Conclusion — Turning Twenty
=================================

In 1996, I wrote an article entitled User Interface — A Means To An End
(http://www.drdobbs.com/user-interface-a-means-to-an-end/184410453)
pointing out that the size and shape of computers were determined by the
keyboard and display.  This is even more true in today’s world of
tablets, phablets and large-sized phones — with the only difference that
the keyboard has been replaced by a touch screen.  The next generation
in the evolution of *personal* devices is that they will become truly
personal by being wearables — this once again forces a separation of the
user interface peripherals from the underlying compute engine.  Imagine
a variety of wearables that collectively connect to ones cell phone,
which itself connects to the cloud for all its computational and
information needs.  Such an environment is rich in possibilities for
creating a wide variety of user experiences to a single underlying body
of information; Eyes-Free interfaces as pioneered by systems like
Emacspeak will come to play an increasingly vital role alongside visual
interaction when this comes to pass.

   –T.V. Raman, San Jose, CA, September 12, 2014


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: References,  Prev: Conclusion --- Turning Twenty,  Up: Emacspeak At Twenty

16.17 References
================

   • Auditory User Interfaces
     (http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net/raman/aui/aui.html) Klewer
     Publishing, 1997.
   • Advice An Emacs Lisp package by Hans Chalupsky
     (http://www.isi.edu/~hans/) that became part of Emacs 19.23.
   • Beautiful Code
     (http://emacspeak.blogspot.com/2007/07/emacspeak-and-beautiful-code.html)
     An overview of the Emacspeak architecture.
   • Speech-Enabled Applications
     (http://emacspeak.sourceforge.net/raman/publications/chi96-emacspeak/)
     Emacspeak at CHI 1996.
   • EWW Emacspeak extends EWW
     (http://emacspeak.blogspot.com/2014/05/emacspeak-eww-updates-for-complete.html).
   • In The Beginning Was The Command Line
     (http://artlung.com/smorgasborg/C_R_Y_P_T_O_N_O_M_I_C_O_N.shtml) By
     Neal Stephenson


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Acknowledgments,  Next: Concept Index,  Prev: Emacspeak At Twenty,  Up: Top

17 Acknowledgments
******************

Thanks.


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Concept Index,  Next: Key Index,  Prev: Acknowledgments,  Up: Top

18 Concept Index
****************

[index]
* Menu:

* AUCTeX:                                Creating Well-formatted Documents.
                                                               (line 42)
* Audio Desktop:                         Audio Desktop.        (line  6)
* Audio Formatting:                      Context-Sensitive Interaction.
                                                               (line 24)
* Browsing Structure:                    Browsing Structure.   (line  6)
* character echo:                        Controlling Echo.     (line  6)
* Context-Sensitive Interaction:         Context-Sensitive Interaction.
                                                               (line  6)
* Desktop:                               Desktop Management.   (line  6)
* Desktop Applications:                  Desktop Applications. (line  5)
* Desktop Navigation:                    Context-Sensitive Interaction.
                                                               (line 54)
* Desktop Objects:                       Desktop Objects.      (line  6)
* Document Authoring:                    Document Authoring.   (line  6)
* Document Creation:                     Creating Well-formatted Documents.
                                                               (line  6)
* Emacs Keyboard Commands:               Emacspeak Keyboard Commands.
                                                               (line  6)
* Emacs Packages:                        Emacs Packages.       (line  6)
* Finding:                               Context-Sensitive Interaction.
                                                               (line 64)
* Introduction:                          Introduction.         (line  6)
* line echo:                             Controlling Echo.     (line  6)
* Messaging:                             Messaging.            (line  6)
* Object-Oriented Desktop:               Object Oriented Desktop.
                                                               (line  6)
* Online Help:                           Using Online Help.    (line  6)
* Personal Information Management:       Personal Information Management.
                                                               (line  6)
* Programming:                           Editing Code.         (line  6)
* Replace:                               Search replace and spell check.
                                                               (line  6)
* Search:                                Search replace and spell check.
                                                               (line  6)
* Searching:                             Context-Sensitive Interaction.
                                                               (line 64)
* Software Development:                  Development Environment.
                                                               (line  6)
* speech settings:                       Speech System.        (line  6)
* speech system:                         Speech System.        (line  6)
* Spell Check:                           Search replace and spell check.
                                                               (line 52)
* Structured Navigation:                 Context-Sensitive Interaction.
                                                               (line 34)
* TTS:                                   Speech System.        (line  6)
* Web Browsing:                          Web Browsing.         (line  6)
* word echo:                             Controlling Echo.     (line  6)


File: emacspeak.info,  Node: Key Index,  Prev: Concept Index,  Up: Top

19 Key Index
************

[index]
* Menu:

* <f1> ":                                emacspeak-extras.   (line  113)
* <f1> ,:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  334)
* <f1> =:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1072)
* <f1> C-e:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line   55)
* <f1> C-l:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line   76)
* <f1> C-s:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  406)
* <f1> C-v:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  441)
* <f1> M:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  206)
* <f1> N:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line 1087)
* <f1> TAB:                              emacspeak-info.     (line   38)
* <f1> \:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  344)
* <fn> !:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  777)
* <fn> ":                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  816)
* <fn> # a:                              emacspeak-gridtext. (line   28)
* <fn> # l:                              emacspeak-gridtext. (line   39)
* <fn> # s:                              emacspeak-gridtext. (line   50)
* <fn> %:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  370)
* <fn> &:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  964)
* <fn> ':                                emacspeak-pianobar. (line   47)
* <fn> (:                                amixer.             (line   28)
* <fn> ):                                emacspeak-sounds.   (line   44)
* <fn> ,:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line   36)
* <fn> .:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  936)
* <fn> /:                                emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line   64)
* <fn> 0:                                emacspeak-sounds.   (line   43)
* <fn> 1:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  864)
* <fn> 2:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  634)
* <fn> 3:                                amixer.             (line   58)
* <fn> 4:                                amixer.             (line   72)
* <fn> 5:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  369)
* <fn> 9:                                amixer.             (line   27)
* <fn> ::                                emacspeak-m-player. (line  654)
* <fn> ;:                                emacspeak-m-player. (line  813)
* <fn> <down>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line  175)
* <fn> <f11>:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1003)
* <fn> <f1>:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line   75)
* <fn> <fn>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  233)
* <fn> <left>:                           emacspeak-wizards.  (line  271)
* <fn> <right>:                          emacspeak-wizards.  (line  243)
* <fn> <up>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  187)
* <fn> =:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  324)
* <fn> ?:                                emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line   63)
* <fn> @:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  558)
* <fn> A:                                emacspeak-calendar. (line   19)
* <fn> a:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  546)
* <fn> b:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  242)
* <fn> B:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  270)
* <fn> c:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  282)
* <fn> C:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line   46)
* <fn> C-':                              emacspeak-pianobar. (line   48)
* <fn> C-.:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  404)
* <fn> C-/:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  255)
* <fn> C-<left>:                         emacspeak-wizards.  (line  147)
* <fn> C-<return>:                       emacspeak-speak.    (line  310)
* <fn> C-<right>:                        emacspeak-wizards.  (line  121)
* <fn> C-@:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  351)
* <fn> C-a:                              emacspeak-sounds.   (line   55)
* <fn> C-b:                              emacspeak-bookshare.
                                                             (line   54)
* <fn> C-d:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line 1044)
* <fn> C-f:                              emacspeak-dired.    (line  166)
* <fn> C-j:                              emacspeak-hide.     (line   41)
* <fn> C-M-@:                            emacspeak-speak.    (line  848)
* <fn> C-M-c:                            emacspeak-extras.   (line   29)
* <fn> C-M-q:                            emacspeak-speak.    (line 1067)
* <fn> C-M-SPC:                          emacspeak-speak.    (line  847)
* <fn> C-o:                              emacspeak-ocr.      (line   19)
* <fn> C-q:                              emacspeak-comint.   (line   37)
* <fn> C-s:                              dtk-speak.          (line  352)
* <fn> C-SPC:                            emacspeak-speak.    (line  350)
* <fn> C-t #:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  403)
* <fn> C-t ,:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line   66)
* <fn> C-t .:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  442)
* <fn> C-t <:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  118)
* <fn> C-t <down>:                       emacspeak-table-ui. (line  300)
* <fn> C-t <left>:                       emacspeak-table-ui. (line  323)
* <fn> C-t <right>:                      emacspeak-table-ui. (line  285)
* <fn> C-t <up>:                         emacspeak-table-ui. (line  339)
* <fn> C-t =:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  460)
* <fn> C-t >:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  129)
* <fn> C-t A:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  117)
* <fn> C-t a:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  393)
* <fn> C-t B:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  105)
* <fn> C-t b:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  412)
* <fn> C-t C:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  364)
* <fn> C-t c:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  433)
* <fn> C-t C-b:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  322)
* <fn> C-t C-f:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  284)
* <fn> C-t C-n:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  299)
* <fn> C-t C-p:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  338)
* <fn> C-t E:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  128)
* <fn> C-t f:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  469)
* <fn> C-t g:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  421)
* <fn> C-t h:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  373)
* <fn> C-t j:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line   94)
* <fn> C-t k:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line   37)
* <fn> C-t M-<:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  140)
* <fn> C-t M->:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  107)
* <fn> C-t M-l:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  490)
* <fn> C-t M-s:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  501)
* <fn> C-t n:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  298)
* <fn> C-t p:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  337)
* <fn> C-t Q:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line   65)
* <fn> C-t R:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  384)
* <fn> C-t r:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  481)
* <fn> C-t s:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  350)
* <fn> C-t S-<tab>:                      emacspeak-table-ui. (line  324)
* <fn> C-t SPC:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  451)
* <fn> C-t T:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  138)
* <fn> C-t TAB:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  283)
* <fn> C-t v:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line  512)
* <fn> C-t w:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line   17)
* <fn> C-t x:                            emacspeak-table-ui. (line   26)
* <fn> C-u:                              emacspeak-feeds.    (line   55)
* <fn> C-w:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  927)
* <fn> C-x:                              dtk-speak.          (line  260)
* <fn> d ,:                              dtk-speak.          (line  262)
* <fn> d .:                              dtk-speak.          (line   62)
* <fn> d 0:                              dtk-speak.          (line  158)
* <fn> d 1:                              dtk-speak.          (line  157)
* <fn> d 2:                              dtk-speak.          (line  156)
* <fn> d 3:                              dtk-speak.          (line  155)
* <fn> d 4:                              dtk-speak.          (line  154)
* <fn> d 5:                              dtk-speak.          (line  153)
* <fn> d 6:                              dtk-speak.          (line  152)
* <fn> d 7:                              dtk-speak.          (line  151)
* <fn> d 8:                              dtk-speak.          (line  150)
* <fn> d 9:                              dtk-speak.          (line  149)
* <fn> d a:                              dtk-speak.          (line   17)
* <fn> d c:                              dtk-speak.          (line  249)
* <fn> d C-c:                            dtk-speak.          (line   30)
* <fn> d C-d:                            dectalk-voices.     (line   18)
* <fn> d C-e:                            espeak-voices.      (line   18)
* <fn> d C-n:                            dtk-speak.          (line   53)
* <fn> d C-o:                            outloud-voices.     (line   18)
* <fn> d C-s:                            dectalk-voices.     (line   27)
* <fn> d d:                              dtk-speak.          (line   80)
* <fn> d f:                              dtk-speak.          (line   92)
* <fn> d i:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  987)
* <fn> d k:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line 1002)
* <fn> d L:                              dtk-speak.          (line   39)
* <fn> d l:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line 1020)
* <fn> d N:                              dtk-speak.          (line  131)
* <fn> d n:                              dtk-speak.          (line  285)
* <fn> d o:                              dtk-speak.          (line  318)
* <fn> d P:                              dtk-speak.          (line  181)
* <fn> d p:                              dtk-speak.          (line  190)
* <fn> d q:                              dtk-speak.          (line  274)
* <fn> d R:                              dtk-speak.          (line   71)
* <fn> d r:                              dtk-speak.          (line  224)
* <fn> d RET:                            dtk-speak.          (line  106)
* <fn> d S:                              dtk-speak.          (line  118)
* <fn> d s:                              dtk-speak.          (line  296)
* <fn> d SPC:                            dtk-speak.          (line  309)
* <fn> d V:                              dtk-speak.          (line  361)
* <fn> d v:                              voice-setup.        (line   64)
* <fn> d w:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line 1076)
* <fn> d z:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line 1097)
* <fn> f:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  255)
* <fn> g:                                emacspeak-epub.     (line  144)
* <fn> h:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  436)
* <fn> I:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  217)
* <fn> j:                                emacspeak-hide.     (line   28)
* <fn> k:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  333)
* <fn> l:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  459)
* <fn> L:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  485)
* <fn> M:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  589)
* <fn> m:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  602)
* <fn> M-%:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line   76)
* <fn> M-;:                              emacspeak-eww.      (line  684)
* <fn> M-b:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  622)
* <fn> M-c:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line   31)
* <fn> M-d:                              emacspeak-pronounce.
                                                             (line   68)
* <fn> M-h:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  197)
* <fn> M-i:                              emacspeak-table-ui. (line   47)
* <fn> M-l:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  643)
* <fn> M-m:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line 1031)
* <fn> M-o:                              emacspeak-comint.   (line   27)
* <fn> M-p:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  159)
* <fn> M-q:                              voice-setup.        (line   96)
* <fn> M-s:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  283)
* <fn> M-t:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line   54)
* <fn> M-u:                              emacspeak-feeds.    (line   17)
* <fn> M-v:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  171)
* <fn> M-w:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  917)
* <fn> n:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  767)
* <fn> N:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  297)
* <fn> p:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  677)
* <fn> P:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  690)
* <fn> R:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  743)
* <fn> r:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  756)
* <fn> RET:                              emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line   84)
* <fn> s:                                dtk-speak.          (line  237)
* <fn> SPC:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  427)
* <fn> t:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  873)
* <fn> T:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  306)
* <fn> TAB:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  119)
* <fn> u:                                emacspeak-url-template.
                                                             (line   21)
* <fn> V:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  888)
* <fn> W:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  199)
* <fn> w:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  945)
* <fn> x ,:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  993)
* <fn> x .:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  978)
* <fn> x 0:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  945)
* <fn> x 1:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  944)
* <fn> x 2:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  943)
* <fn> x 3:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  942)
* <fn> x 4:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  941)
* <fn> x 5:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  940)
* <fn> x 7:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  966)
* <fn> x ;:                              emacspeak-m-player. (line  378)
* <fn> x =:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  576)
* <fn> x C-c:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line  357)
* <fn> x d:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  517)
* <fn> x e a:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  401)
* <fn> x e b:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  266)
* <fn> x e c:                            emacspeak-we.       (line   83)
* <fn> x e C:                            emacspeak-we.       (line   97)
* <fn> x e C-c:                          emacspeak-we.       (line  296)
* <fn> x e C-f:                          emacspeak-we.       (line   50)
* <fn> x e C-p:                          emacspeak-we.       (line  377)
* <fn> x e C-t:                          emacspeak-we.       (line   72)
* <fn> x e C-x:                          emacspeak-we.       (line   61)
* <fn> x e d:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  280)
* <fn> x e D:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  295)
* <fn> x e e:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  333)
* <fn> x e f:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  412)
* <fn> x e i:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  111)
* <fn> x e I:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  125)
* <fn> x e j:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  424)
* <fn> x e k:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  324)
* <fn> x e m:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  202)
* <fn> x e M:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  228)
* <fn> x e o:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  392)
* <fn> x e P:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  255)
* <fn> x e p:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  363)
* <fn> x e r:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  138)
* <fn> x e S:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  310)
* <fn> x e s:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  435)
* <fn> x e t:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  215)
* <fn> x e T:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  242)
* <fn> x e u:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  152)
* <fn> x e v:                            emacspeak-we.       (line   36)
* <fn> x e x:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  164)
* <fn> x e X:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  179)
* <fn> x e y:                            emacspeak-we.       (line   21)
* <fn> x e z:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  190)
* <fn> x e ]:                            emacspeak-we.       (line  344)
* <fn> x f:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  902)
* <fn> x h:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  654)
* <fn> x l:                              emacspeak-m-player. (line  789)
* <fn> x M-c:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line  380)
* <fn> x o:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  849)
* <fn> x q:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  883)
* <fn> x t:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  231)
* <fn> x u:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1147)
* <fn> x v:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1178)
* <fn> x w:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  832)
* <fn> x |:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1061)
* <fn> y a:                              emacspeak-xslt.     (line   28)
* <fn> y p:                              emacspeak-pianobar. (line   50)
* <fn> y r:                              emacspeak-xslt.     (line   60)
* <fn> y x:                              emacspeak-xslt.     (line   39)
* <fn> y y:                              emacspeak-empv.     (line   25)
* <fn> z b:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1204)
* <fn> z e:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  539)
* <fn> z n:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  420)
* <fn> z p:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  431)
* <fn> [:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  652)
* <fn> \:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line 1056)
* <fn> ]:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  665)
* <fn> ^:                                emacspeak-filtertext.
                                                             (line   25)
* <fn> |:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line  497)
* <help> ":                              emacspeak-extras.   (line  114)
* <help> ,:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  335)
* <help> =:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1073)
* <help> C-e:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line   56)
* <help> C-l:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line   77)
* <help> C-s:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line  407)
* <help> C-v:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line  442)
* <help> M:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  207)
* <help> N:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line 1088)
* <help> TAB:                            emacspeak-info.     (line   39)
* <help> \:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  345)
* <print>:                               emacspeak-muggles.  (line   49)
* <silence>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  221)
* <XF86AudioLowerVolume>:                amixer.             (line   55)
* <XF86AudioPlay>:                       emacspeak-speak.    (line  222)
* <XF86AudioRaiseVolume>:                amixer.             (line   69)
* C-' ':                                 emacspeak-pianobar. (line   46)
* C-' h:                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  202)
* C-' l:                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  364)
* C-' y:                                 emacspeak-google.   (line  380)
* C-, /:                                 extra-muggles.      (line  338)
* C-, a:                                 emacspeak-feeds.    (line   35)
* C-, b:                                 sox-gen.            (line   90)
* C-, h:                                 emacspeak-muggles.  (line   76)
* C-, o:                                 emacspeak-feeds.    (line   75)
* C-, p:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  863)
* C-, q:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  698)
* C-, r:                                 emacspeak-feeds.    (line   94)
* C-, s:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1137)
* C-, SPC:                               emacspeak-eww.      (line  913)
* C-, t:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1125)
* C-, u:                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  718)
* C-, y:                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  799)
* C-. .:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  976)
* C-. C-n:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  634)
* C-. d:                                 emacspeak-dired.    (line   25)
* C-. g l:                               emacspeak-google.   (line  309)
* C-. g n:                               emacspeak-google.   (line  321)
* C-. g p:                               emacspeak-google.   (line  331)
* C-. g r:                               emacspeak-google.   (line  341)
* C-. g s:                               emacspeak-google.   (line  352)
* C-. h:                                 emacspeak-org.      (line   27)
* C-. l:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  761)
* C-. m:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1202)
* C-. n:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  643)
* C-. o:                                 extra-muggles.      (line  197)
* C-. R:                                 emacspeak-webspace. (line   16)
* C-. r:                                 soundscape.         (line   93)
* C-. s:                                 soundscape.         (line   48)
* C-. t:                                 soundscape.         (line  122)
* C-. u:                                 soundscape.         (line  132)
* C-. v:                                 extra-muggles.      (line  278)
* C-. y:                                 emacspeak-empv.     (line   23)
* C-/:                                   emacspeak-muggles.  (line  207)
* C-; ':                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  730)
* C-; /:                                 emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line  119)
* C-; ::                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  740)
* C-; ;:                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  812)
* C-; a:                                 emacspeak-amark.    (line   45)
* C-; C-;:                               emacspeak-amark.    (line   34)
* C-; C-a:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1081)
* C-; C-j:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1002)
* C-; C-l:                               emacspeak-librivox. (line   32)
* C-; C-t:                               emacspeak-extras.   (line  138)
* C-; DEL:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1039)
* C-; e:                                 gmaps.              (line   16)
* C-; h:                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  332)
* C-; k:                                 emacspeak-google.   (line   28)
* C-; n:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  418)
* C-; p:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  429)
* C-; r:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  563)
* C-; w:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  830)
* C-<f1>:                                amixer.             (line   56)
* C-<f2>:                                amixer.             (line   70)
* C-<left>:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  109)
* C-<right>:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line   98)
* C-<up>:                                emacspeak-speak.    (line   88)
* C-c (:                                 Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   96)
* C-c ):                                 Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  105)
* C-c ,:                                 extra-muggles.      (line  237)
* C-c 0:                                 Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   68)
* C-c 1:                                 Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   86)
* C-c C-a:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  165)
* C-c C-c:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   91)
* C-c C-c <1>:                           Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  153)
* C-c C-d:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   80)
* C-c C-d <1>:                           Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  171)
* C-c C-f:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   63)
* C-c C-j:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   52)
* C-c C-k:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  135)
* C-c C-u:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  161)
* C-c C-w:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  157)
* C-c C-x C-c:                           Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   76)
* C-c C-z:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  139)
* C-c C-\:                               Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  149)
* C-c e:                                 Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line  112)
* C-c k:                                 Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   72)
* C-c o:                                 emacspeak-muggles.  (line  186)
* C-c o <1>:                             Running Terminal Based Applications.
                                                             (line   56)
* C-e cap M:                             Status Information. (line   18)
* C-e cap R:                             Reading.            (line   69)
* C-e !:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  776)
* C-e ":                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  815)
* C-e # a:                               emacspeak-gridtext. (line   27)
* C-e # l:                               emacspeak-gridtext. (line   38)
* C-e # s:                               emacspeak-gridtext. (line   49)
* C-e %:                                 Status Information. (line   92)
* C-e % <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  368)
* C-e &:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  963)
* C-e ':                                 emacspeak-pianobar. (line   44)
* C-e (:                                 amixer.             (line   26)
* C-e ):                                 emacspeak-sounds.   (line   42)
* C-e ,:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line   35)
* C-e .:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  935)
* C-e /:                                 Reading.            (line   91)
* C-e / <1>:                             emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line   62)
* C-e 0:                                 emacspeak-sounds.   (line   41)
* C-e 1:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  863)
* C-e 2:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  633)
* C-e 3:                                 amixer.             (line   57)
* C-e 4:                                 amixer.             (line   71)
* C-e 5:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  367)
* C-e 9:                                 amixer.             (line   25)
* C-e ::                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  653)
* C-e ;:                                 emacspeak-m-player. (line  811)
* C-e <down>:                            emacspeak-speak.    (line  174)
* C-e <f11>:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1001)
* C-e <f1>:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line   73)
* C-e <fn>:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  232)
* C-e <left>:                            emacspeak-wizards.  (line  270)
* C-e <right>:                           emacspeak-wizards.  (line  242)
* C-e <up>:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  186)
* C-e =:                                 Status Information. (line   87)
* C-e = <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  323)
* C-e ?:                                 emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line   61)
* C-e @:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  557)
* C-e a:                                 Status Information. (line    8)
* C-e A:                                 emacspeak-calendar. (line   18)
* C-e a <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  545)
* C-e b:                                 Reading.            (line   76)
* C-e b <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  241)
* C-e B:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  269)
* C-e c:                                 Reading.            (line   15)
* C-e c <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  281)
* C-e C:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line   45)
* C-e C-':                               emacspeak-pianobar. (line   45)
* C-e C-.:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line  403)
* C-e C-/:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  254)
* C-e C-<left>:                          emacspeak-wizards.  (line  146)
* C-e C-<return>:                        emacspeak-speak.    (line  309)
* C-e C-<right>:                         emacspeak-wizards.  (line  120)
* C-e C-@:                               Status Information. (line   71)
* C-e C-@ <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line  349)
* C-e C-a:                               emacspeak-sounds.   (line   54)
* C-e C-b:                               emacspeak-bookshare.
                                                             (line   53)
* C-e C-d:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line 1043)
* C-e C-f:                               emacspeak-dired.    (line  165)
* C-e C-j:                               emacspeak-hide.     (line   40)
* C-e C-l:                               Status Information. (line   82)
* C-e C-M-@:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  846)
* C-e C-M-c:                             emacspeak-extras.   (line   28)
* C-e C-M-q:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line 1066)
* C-e C-M-SPC:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line  845)
* C-e C-n:                               Reading.            (line  138)
* C-e C-o:                               emacspeak-ocr.      (line   18)
* C-e C-p:                               Reading.            (line  143)
* C-e C-q:                               emacspeak-comint.   (line   36)
* C-e C-s:                               Miscellaneous.      (line   26)
* C-e C-s <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line  351)
* C-e C-SPC:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  348)
* C-e C-t #:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  402)
* C-e C-t ,:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line   65)
* C-e C-t .:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  441)
* C-e C-t <:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  116)
* C-e C-t <down>:                        emacspeak-table-ui. (line  297)
* C-e C-t <left>:                        emacspeak-table-ui. (line  320)
* C-e C-t <right>:                       emacspeak-table-ui. (line  282)
* C-e C-t <up>:                          emacspeak-table-ui. (line  336)
* C-e C-t =:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  459)
* C-e C-t >:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  127)
* C-e C-t A:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  115)
* C-e C-t a:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  392)
* C-e C-t B:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  104)
* C-e C-t b:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  411)
* C-e C-t C:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  363)
* C-e C-t c:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  432)
* C-e C-t C-b:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  319)
* C-e C-t C-f:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  281)
* C-e C-t C-n:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  296)
* C-e C-t C-p:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  335)
* C-e C-t E:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  126)
* C-e C-t f:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  468)
* C-e C-t g:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  420)
* C-e C-t h:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  372)
* C-e C-t j:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line   93)
* C-e C-t k:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line   36)
* C-e C-t M-<:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  139)
* C-e C-t M->:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  106)
* C-e C-t M-l:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  489)
* C-e C-t M-s:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  500)
* C-e C-t n:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  295)
* C-e C-t p:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  334)
* C-e C-t Q:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line   64)
* C-e C-t R:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  383)
* C-e C-t r:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  480)
* C-e C-t s:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  349)
* C-e C-t S-<tab>:                       emacspeak-table-ui. (line  321)
* C-e C-t SPC:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  450)
* C-e C-t T:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  137)
* C-e C-t TAB:                           emacspeak-table-ui. (line  280)
* C-e C-t v:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line  511)
* C-e C-t w:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line   16)
* C-e C-t x:                             emacspeak-table-ui. (line   25)
* C-e C-u:                               emacspeak-feeds.    (line   54)
* C-e C-w:                               Status Information. (line   28)
* C-e C-w <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line  926)
* C-e C-x:                               dtk-speak.          (line  259)
* C-e cap V:                             Status Information. (line   38)
* C-e d cap V:                           Miscellaneous.      (line   84)
* C-e d ,:                               dtk-speak.          (line  261)
* C-e d .:                               dtk-speak.          (line   61)
* C-e d 0:                               dtk-speak.          (line  148)
* C-e d 1:                               dtk-speak.          (line  147)
* C-e d 2:                               dtk-speak.          (line  146)
* C-e d 3:                               dtk-speak.          (line  145)
* C-e d 4:                               dtk-speak.          (line  144)
* C-e d 5:                               dtk-speak.          (line  143)
* C-e d 6:                               dtk-speak.          (line  142)
* C-e d 7:                               dtk-speak.          (line  141)
* C-e d 8:                               dtk-speak.          (line  140)
* C-e d 9:                               dtk-speak.          (line  139)
* C-e d a:                               Miscellaneous.      (line   36)
* C-e d a <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line   16)
* C-e d c:                               Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   66)
* C-e d c <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line  248)
* C-e d C-c:                             dtk-speak.          (line   29)
* C-e d C-d:                             dectalk-voices.     (line   17)
* C-e d C-e:                             espeak-voices.      (line   17)
* C-e d C-n:                             dtk-speak.          (line   52)
* C-e d C-o:                             outloud-voices.     (line   17)
* C-e d C-s:                             dectalk-voices.     (line   26)
* C-e d d:                               Miscellaneous.      (line   48)
* C-e d d <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line   79)
* C-e d DIGIT:                           Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   36)
* C-e d f:                               Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   23)
* C-e d f <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line   91)
* C-e d i:                               Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   77)
* C-e d i <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line  986)
* C-e d k:                               Controlling Echo.   (line   18)
* C-e d k <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line 1001)
* C-e d l:                               Controlling Echo.   (line   32)
* C-e d L:                               dtk-speak.          (line   38)
* C-e d l <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line 1019)
* C-e d m:                               Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   50)
* C-e d N:                               dtk-speak.          (line  130)
* C-e d n:                               dtk-speak.          (line  284)
* C-e d o:                               dtk-speak.          (line  317)
* C-e d p:                               Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   43)
* C-e d P:                               dtk-speak.          (line  180)
* C-e d p <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line  189)
* C-e d q:                               Miscellaneous.      (line   17)
* C-e d q <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line  273)
* C-e d r:                               Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   16)
* C-e d R:                               dtk-speak.          (line   70)
* C-e d r <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line  223)
* C-e d RET:                             dtk-speak.          (line  105)
* C-e d <RETURN>:                        Miscellaneous.      (line   71)
* C-e d s:                               Speech Output Control.
                                                             (line   58)
* C-e d S:                               dtk-speak.          (line  117)
* C-e d s <1>:                           dtk-speak.          (line  295)
* C-e d <SPACE>:                         Miscellaneous.      (line   55)
* C-e d SPC:                             dtk-speak.          (line  308)
* C-e d t:                               Miscellaneous.      (line   79)
* C-e d V:                               dtk-speak.          (line  360)
* C-e d v:                               voice-setup.        (line   63)
* C-e d w:                               Controlling Echo.   (line   25)
* C-e d w <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line 1075)
* C-e d z:                               Miscellaneous.      (line   90)
* C-e d z <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line 1096)
* C-e DIGIT:                             Reading.            (line  129)
* C-e <DOWN>:                            Reading.            (line   49)
* C-e f:                                 Status Information. (line   43)
* C-e f <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  254)
* C-e g:                                 emacspeak-epub.     (line  143)
* C-e h:                                 Status Information. (line   50)
* C-e h <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  435)
* C-e I:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  216)
* C-e j:                                 emacspeak-hide.     (line   27)
* C-e k:                                 Status Information. (line   57)
* C-e k <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  332)
* C-e l:                                 Reading.            (line   29)
* C-e l <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  458)
* C-e L:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  484)
* C-e <LEFT>:                            Reading.            (line  105)
* C-e m:                                 Status Information. (line   13)
* C-e M:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  588)
* C-e m <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  601)
* C-e M-%:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line   75)
* C-e M-;:                               emacspeak-eww.      (line  683)
* C-e M-b:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line  621)
* C-e M-c:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line   30)
* C-e M-d:                               emacspeak-pronounce.
                                                             (line   67)
* C-e M-h:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  196)
* C-e M-i:                               emacspeak-table-ui. (line   46)
* C-e M-l:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line  642)
* C-e M-m:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line 1030)
* C-e M-o:                               emacspeak-comint.   (line   26)
* C-e M-p:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  158)
* C-e M-q:                               voice-setup.        (line   95)
* C-e M-s:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  282)
* C-e M-t:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line   53)
* C-e M-u:                               emacspeak-feeds.    (line   16)
* C-e M-v:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  170)
* C-e M-w:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line  916)
* C-e meta C-@:                          Reading.            (line  183)
* C-e n:                                 Reading.            (line   86)
* C-e n <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  766)
* C-e N:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  296)
* C-e p:                                 Reading.            (line   55)
* C-e p <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  676)
* C-e P:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  689)
* C-e r:                                 Reading.            (line   63)
* C-e R:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  742)
* C-e r <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  755)
* C-e RET:                               emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line   83)
* C-e <RIGHT>:                           Reading.            (line  113)
* C-e s:                                 Miscellaneous.      (line   12)
* C-e s <1>:                             dtk-speak.          (line  236)
* C-e SPC:                               Status Information. (line   23)
* C-e SPC <1>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line  426)
* C-e t:                                 Status Information. (line   33)
* C-e t <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  872)
* C-e T:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  305)
* C-e TAB:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line  118)
* C-e u:                                 emacspeak-url-template.
                                                             (line   20)
* C-e <UP>:                              Reading.            (line   43)
* C-e v:                                 Status Information. (line   66)
* C-e V:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  887)
* C-e w:                                 Reading.            (line   21)
* C-e W:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  198)
* C-e w <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  944)
* C-e x ,:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  992)
* C-e x .:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  977)
* C-e x 0:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  939)
* C-e x 1:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  938)
* C-e x 2:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  937)
* C-e x 3:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  936)
* C-e x 4:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  935)
* C-e x 5:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  934)
* C-e x 7:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  965)
* C-e x ;:                               emacspeak-m-player. (line  377)
* C-e x =:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  575)
* C-e x C-c:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  356)
* C-e x d:                               emacspeak-speak.    (line  516)
* C-e x e a:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  400)
* C-e x e b:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  265)
* C-e x e c:                             emacspeak-we.       (line   82)
* C-e x e C:                             emacspeak-we.       (line   96)
* C-e x e C-c:                           emacspeak-we.       (line  294)
* C-e x e C-f:                           emacspeak-we.       (line   49)
* C-e x e C-p:                           emacspeak-we.       (line  376)
* C-e x e C-t:                           emacspeak-we.       (line   71)
* C-e x e C-x:                           emacspeak-we.       (line   60)
* C-e x e d:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  279)
* C-e x e D:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  293)
* C-e x e e:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  332)
* C-e x e f:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  411)
* C-e x e i:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  110)
* C-e x e I:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  124)
* C-e x e j:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  423)
* C-e x e k:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  323)
* C-e x e m:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  201)
* C-e x e M:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  227)
* C-e x e o:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  391)
* C-e x e P:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  254)
* C-e x e p:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  362)
* C-e x e r:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  137)
* C-e x e S:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  309)
* C-e x e s:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  434)
* C-e x e t:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  214)
* C-e x e T:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  241)
* C-e x e u:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  151)
* C-e x e v:                             emacspeak-we.       (line   35)
* C-e x e x:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  163)
* C-e x e X:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  178)
* C-e x e y:                             emacspeak-we.       (line   20)
* C-e x e z:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  189)
* C-e x e ]:                             emacspeak-we.       (line  343)
* C-e x f:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  901)
* C-e x h:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  653)
* C-e x l:                               emacspeak-m-player. (line  788)
* C-e x M-c:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  379)
* C-e x o:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  848)
* C-e x q:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  882)
* C-e x t:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  230)
* C-e x u:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1146)
* C-e x v:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1177)
* C-e x w:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  831)
* C-e x |:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1060)
* C-e y a:                               emacspeak-xslt.     (line   27)
* C-e y p:                               emacspeak-pianobar. (line   49)
* C-e y r:                               emacspeak-xslt.     (line   59)
* C-e y x:                               emacspeak-xslt.     (line   38)
* C-e y y:                               emacspeak-empv.     (line   24)
* C-e z b:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1203)
* C-e z e:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  538)
* C-e z n:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  419)
* C-e z p:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  430)
* C-e [:                                 Reading.            (line  121)
* C-e [ <1>:                             emacspeak-speak.    (line  651)
* C-e \:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line 1055)
* C-e ]:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  664)
* C-e ^:                                 emacspeak-filtertext.
                                                             (line   24)
* C-e |:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line  496)
* C-h ":                                 emacspeak-extras.   (line  112)
* C-h ,:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  333)
* C-h =:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1071)
* C-h C-e:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line   54)
* C-h C-l:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line   74)
* C-h C-s:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  405)
* C-h C-v:                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line  440)
* C-h M:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  205)
* C-h N:                                 emacspeak-speak.    (line 1086)
* C-h TAB:                               emacspeak-info.     (line   37)
* C-h \:                                 emacspeak-wizards.  (line  343)
* C-M-y:                                 emacspeak-muggles.  (line   98)
* C-x @ a /:                             extra-muggles.      (line  339)
* C-x @ a a:                             emacspeak-feeds.    (line   36)
* C-x @ a b:                             sox-gen.            (line   91)
* C-x @ a h:                             emacspeak-muggles.  (line   77)
* C-x @ a o:                             emacspeak-feeds.    (line   76)
* C-x @ a p:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  864)
* C-x @ a q:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  699)
* C-x @ a r:                             emacspeak-feeds.    (line   95)
* C-x @ a s:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1138)
* C-x @ a SPC:                           emacspeak-eww.      (line  914)
* C-x @ a t:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1126)
* C-x @ a u:                             emacspeak-m-player. (line  719)
* C-x @ a y:                             emacspeak-m-player. (line  800)
* C-x @ h ':                             emacspeak-m-player. (line  731)
* C-x @ h /:                             emacspeak-websearch.
                                                             (line  120)
* C-x @ h ::                             emacspeak-m-player. (line  741)
* C-x @ h ;:                             emacspeak-m-player. (line  814)
* C-x @ h a:                             emacspeak-amark.    (line   46)
* C-x @ h C-;:                           emacspeak-amark.    (line   35)
* C-x @ h C-a:                           emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1082)
* C-x @ h C-j:                           emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1004)
* C-x @ h C-l:                           emacspeak-librivox. (line   33)
* C-x @ h C-t:                           emacspeak-extras.   (line  139)
* C-x @ h DEL:                           emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1040)
* C-x @ h e:                             gmaps.              (line   17)
* C-x @ h h:                             emacspeak-m-player. (line  333)
* C-x @ h k:                             emacspeak-google.   (line   29)
* C-x @ h n:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  421)
* C-x @ h p:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  432)
* C-x @ h r:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  564)
* C-x @ h w:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  833)
* C-x @ s .:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  979)
* C-x @ s C-n:                           emacspeak-wizards.  (line  635)
* C-x @ s d:                             emacspeak-dired.    (line   26)
* C-x @ s g l:                           emacspeak-google.   (line  310)
* C-x @ s g n:                           emacspeak-google.   (line  322)
* C-x @ s g p:                           emacspeak-google.   (line  332)
* C-x @ s g r:                           emacspeak-google.   (line  342)
* C-x @ s g s:                           emacspeak-google.   (line  353)
* C-x @ s h:                             emacspeak-org.      (line   28)
* C-x @ s l:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  762)
* C-x @ s m:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1205)
* C-x @ s n:                             emacspeak-wizards.  (line  644)
* C-x @ s o:                             extra-muggles.      (line  198)
* C-x @ s R:                             emacspeak-webspace. (line   17)
* C-x @ s r:                             soundscape.         (line   94)
* C-x @ s s:                             soundscape.         (line   49)
* C-x @ s t:                             soundscape.         (line  123)
* C-x @ s u:                             soundscape.         (line  133)
* C-x @ s v:                             extra-muggles.      (line  279)
* C-x @ s y:                             emacspeak-empv.     (line   26)
* C-x r C-e:                             emacspeak-eww.      (line  422)
* C-x r e:                               emacspeak-eww.      (line  672)
* ESC <down>:                            emacspeak-speak.    (line  127)
* ESC <next>:                            emacspeak-speak.    (line  158)
* ESC <prior>:                           emacspeak-speak.    (line  149)
* ESC <up>:                              emacspeak-speak.    (line  138)
* <ESCAPE> <DOWN>:                       Reading.            (line  160)
* <ESCAPE> next:                         Reading.            (line  166)
* <ESCAPE> prior:                        Reading.            (line  172)
* <ESCAPE> <UP>:                         Reading.            (line  154)
* M-ESC ::                               emacspeak-wizards.  (line 1013)
* s-':                                   extra-muggles.      (line  229)
* s-.:                                   emacspeak-muggles.  (line   48)
* s-;:                                   extra-muggles.      (line  113)
* S-<down>:                              emacspeak-wizards.  (line  187)
* S-<up>:                                emacspeak-wizards.  (line  179)
* s-m:                                   extra-muggles.      (line   53)
* s-n:                                   emacspeak-muggles.  (line  136)
* s-o:                                   emacspeak-exwm.     (line   17)
* s-SPC:                                 emacspeak-muggles.  (line  113)