valua.lua

-- Valua 0.2.1
-- Copyright (c) 2014 Etiene Dalcol
-- License: MIT
--
-- Originally bundled with Sailor MVC Web Framework, now released as a separated module.
-- http://sailorproject.org
--
-- This module provides tools for validating values, very useful in forms, but also usable elsewhere.
-- It works in appended chains. Create a new validation object and start chaining your test functions.
-- If your value fails a test, it breaks the chain and does not evaluate the rest of it.
-- It returns a boolean and an error string (nil when tests succeeded)
--
-- Example 1 - Just create, chain and use:
--	valua:new().type("string").len(3,5)("test string!") -- false, "should have 3-5 characters"
--
-- Example 2 - Create, chain and later use it multiple times:
--	local reusable_validation = valua:new().type("string").len(3,5)
--	reusable_validation("test string!") -- false, "should have 3-5 characters"
--	reusable_validation("test!") -- true
--

local tinsert,setmetatable,len,match = table.insert,setmetatable,string.len,string.match
local tonumber,tostring = tonumber,tostring
local next,type,floor,ipairs = next,type,math.floor, ipairs
local unpack   = unpack or table.unpack
local pack     = table.pack or function(...) return { n = select('#', ...), ... } end

local _ENV = nil

local valua = {}

-- CORE
-- Caution, this is confusing

-- creates a new validation object, useful for reusable stuff and creating many validation tests at a time
function valua:new(obj)
	obj = obj or {}
	setmetatable(obj,self)
	-- __index will be called always when chaining validation functions
	self.__index = function(t,k)
		--saves a function named _<index> with its args in a funcs table, to be used later when validating
		return function(...)
			local args = pack(...)
			if k == 'optional' then
				obj.allow_nil = true
			else
				local f = function(value) return valua['_'..k](value, unpack(args, 1, args.n)) end
				tinsert(t.funcs,f)
			end
			return t
		end
	end

	-- __call will run only when the value is validated
	self.__call = function(t,value)
		local res = true
		local err = nil
		local fres

		if value == nil and t.allow_nil then
			return res, err
		end

		-- iterates through all chained validations funcs that were packed, passing the value to be validated
		for _,f in ipairs(t.funcs) do
			fres,err = f(value)
			res = res and fres
			-- breaks the chain if a test fails
			if err then
				break
			end
		end
		-- boolean, error message or nil
		return res,err
	end
	obj.funcs = {}
	obj.allow_nil = false
	return obj
end
--

-- VALIDATION FUNCS
-- Add new funcs at will, they all should have the value to be validated as first parameter
--   and their names must be preceded by '_'.
-- For example, if you want to use .custom_val(42) on your validation chain, you need to create a
--   function valua._custom_val(<value var>,<other var>). Just remember the value var will be known
--   at the end of the chain and the other var, in this case, will receive '42'. You can add multiple other vars.
-- These functions can be called directly (valua._len("test",2,5))in a non-chained and isolated way of life
--   for quick stuff, but chaining is much cooler!
-- Return false,'<error message>' if the value fails the test and simply true if it succeeds.

-- aux funcs
local function empty(v)
	return not v or (type(v)=='string' and len(v) == 0) or (type(v)=='table' and not next(v))
end
--

-- String
function valua._len(value,min,max)
	local l = len(value or '')
	if l < min or l > max then return false,"should have "..tostring(min).."-"..tostring(max).." characters" end
	return true
end

function valua._compare(value,another_value)
	if value ~= another_value then return false, "values are not equal" end
	return true
end

function valua._email(value)
	if not empty(value) and not value:match("^[%w+%.%-_]+@[%w+%.%-_]+%.%a%a+$") then
		return false, "is not a valid email address"
	end
	return true
end

function valua._match(value,pattern)
	if not empty(value) and not value:match(pattern) then return false, "does not match pattern" end
	return true
end

function valua._alnum(value)
	if not empty(value) and value:match("%W") then return false, "constains improper characters" end
	return true
end

function valua._contains(value,substr)
	if not empty(value)  and not value:find(substr) then return false, "does not contain '"..substr.."'" end
	return true
end

function valua._no_white(value)
	if not empty(value) and value:find("%s") then return false, "must not contain white spaces" end
	return true
end
--

-- Numbers
function valua._min(value,n)
	if not empty(value) and value < n then return false,"must be greater than "..tostring(n) end
	return true
end

function valua._max(value,n)
	if not empty(value)  and value > n then return false,"must not be greater than "..tostring(n) end
	return true
end

function valua._integer(value)
	if not empty(value) and floor(tonumber(value)) ~= tonumber(value)  then return false, "must be an integer" end
	return true
end
--

-- Date

--  Check for a UK date pattern dd/mm/yyyy , dd-mm-yyyy, dd.mm.yyyy
--  or US pattern mm/dd/yyyy, mm-dd-yyyy, mm.dd.yyyy
--  or ISO pattern yyyy/mm/dd, yyyy-mm-dd, yyyy.mm.dd
--  Default is UK
function valua._date(value,format)
	local valid = true
	if (match(value, "^%d+%p%d+%p%d%d%d%d$")) then
		local d, m, y
		if format and format:lower() == 'us' then
			m, d, y = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+)")
		elseif format and format:lower() == 'iso' then
			y, m, d = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+)")
		else
			d, m, y = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+)")
		end
		d, m, y = tonumber(d), tonumber(m), tonumber(y)

		local dm2 = d*m*m
		if  d>31 or m>12 or dm2==116 or dm2==120 or dm2==124 or dm2==496 or dm2==1116 or dm2==2511 or dm2==3751 then
			-- invalid unless leap year
			if not (dm2==116 and (y%400 == 0 or (y%100 ~= 0 and y%4 == 0))) then
				valid = false
			end
		end
	else
		valid = false
	end
	if not valid then return false, "is not a valid date" end
	return true
end
--

-- Datetime

--  Check for a UK date pattern dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss, dd-mm-yyyy, dd.mm.yyyy
--  or US pattern mm/dd/yyyy, mm-dd-yyyy, mm.dd.yyyy
--  or ISO pattern yyyy/mm/dd, yyyy-mm-dd, yyyy.mm.dd
--  Default is UK
function valua._datetime(value,format)
	local valid = true
	if (match(value, "^%d+%p%d+%p%d%d%d%d %d%d%p%d%d%p%d%d$")) then
		local d, m, y, hh, mm, ss
		if format and format:lower() == 'us' then
			m, d, y, hh, mm, ss = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+) (%d%d)%p(%d%d)%p(%d%d)")
		elseif format and format:lower() == 'iso' then
			y, m, d, hh, mm, ss = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+) (%d%d)%p(%d%d)%p(%d%d)")
		else
			d, m, y, hh, mm, ss = match(value, "(%d+)%p(%d+)%p(%d+) (%d%d)%p(%d%d)%p(%d%d)")
		end
		d, m, y, hh, mm, ss = tonumber(d), tonumber(m), tonumber(y), tonumber(hh), tonumber(mm), tonumber(ss)

		local dm2 = d*m*m
		if  d>31 or m>12 or dm2==116 or dm2==120 or dm2==124 or dm2==496 or dm2==1116 or dm2==2511 or dm2==3751 then
			-- invalid unless leap year
			if not (dm2==116 and (y%400 == 0 or (y%100 ~= 0 and y%4 == 0))) then
				valid = false
			end
		end

		-- time validation
		if not (hh >= 0 and hh <= 24) then
			valid = false
		end

		if not (mm >= 0 and mm <= 60) then
			valid = false
		end

		if not (ss >= 0 and ss <= 60) then
			valid = false
		end

	else
		valid = false
	end
	if not valid then return false, "is not a valid datetime" end
	return true
end
--

-- Abstract
function valua._empty(value)
	if not empty(value) then return false,"must be empty" end
	return true
end

function valua._not_empty(value)
	if empty(value) then return false,"must not be empty" end
	return true
end

function valua._type(value,value_type)
	if type(value) ~= value_type then return false,"must be a "..value_type end
	return true
end

function valua._boolean(value)
	if type(value) ~= 'boolean' then return false,"must be a boolean" end
	return true
end

function valua._number(value)
	if type(value) ~= 'number' then return false,"must be a number" end
	return true
end

function valua._string(value)
	if type(value) ~= 'string' then return false,"must be a string" end
	return true
end

function valua._in_list(value,list)
	local valid = false
	for _,v in ipairs(list) do
		if value == v then
			valid = true
			break
		end
	end
	if not valid then return false,"is not in the list" end
	return true
end
--

--
return valua