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Installing OpenShift on OpenStack User-Provisioned Infrastructure

The User-Provisioned Infrastructure (UPI) process installs OpenShift in stages, providing opportunities for modifications or integrating with existing infrastructure.

It contrasts with the fully-automated Installer-Provisioned Infrastructure (IPI) which creates everything in one go.

With UPI, creating the cloud (OpenStack) resources (e.g. Nova servers, Neutron ports, security groups) is the responsibility of the person deploying OpenShift.

The installer is still used to generate the ignition files and monitor the installation process.

This provides a greater flexibility at the cost of a more explicit and interactive process.

Below is a step-by-step guide to a UPI installation that mimics an automated IPI installation; prerequisites and steps described below should be adapted to the constraints of the target infrastructure.

Please be aware of the Known Issues of this method of installation.

Table of Contents

Prerequisites

The inventory.yaml file contains variables which should be reviewed and adjusted if needed.

Note Some of the default pods (e.g. the openshift-router) require at least two nodes so that is the effective minimum.

The requirements for UPI are broadly similar to the ones for OpenStack IPI:

  • OpenStack account with clouds.yaml
    • input in the openshift-install wizard
  • Nova flavors
    • inventory: os_flavor_master and os_flavor_worker
  • An external subnet for external connectivity. Required if any of the floating IPs is set in the inventory.
    • inventory: os_external_network
  • The openshift-install binary
  • A subnet range for the Nova servers / OpenShift Nodes, that does not conflict with your existing network
    • inventory: os_subnet_range
  • A cluster name you will want to use
    • input in the openshift-install wizard
  • A base domain
    • input in the openshift-install wizard
  • OpenShift Pull Secret
    • input in the openshift-install wizard
  • A DNS zone you can configure
    • it must be the resolver for the base domain, for the installer and for the end-user machines
    • it will host two records: for API and apps access

Install Ansible

This repository contains Ansible playbooks to deploy OpenShift on OpenStack.

They can be downloaded from Github with this script:

RELEASE="release-4.14"; xargs -n 1 curl -O <<< "
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/bootstrap.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/common.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/compute-nodes.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/control-plane.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/down-bootstrap.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/down-compute-nodes.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/down-control-plane.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/down-network.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/down-security-groups.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/down-containers.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/inventory.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/network.yaml
        https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openshift/installer/${RELEASE}/upi/openstack/security-groups.yaml"

For installing a different version, change the branch (release-4.14) accordingly (e.g. release-4.12).

Requirements:

  • Python (>=3.8 for ansible-core, currently tested by CI or lower if using Ansible 2.9)
  • Ansible (>=2.10 is currently tested by CI, 2.9 is EOL soon)
  • Python modules required in the playbooks. Namely:
    • openstackclient
    • openstacksdk
    • netaddr
  • Ansible collections required in the playbooks. Namely:
    • openstack.cloud
    • ansible.utils
    • community.general

RHEL

From a RHEL box, make sure that the repository origins are all set:

sudo subscription-manager register # if not done already
sudo subscription-manager attach --pool=$YOUR_POOLID # if not done already
sudo subscription-manager repos --disable=* # if not done already
sudo subscription-manager repos \
  --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-baseos-rpms \ # change RHEL version if needed
  --enable=rhel-8-for-x86_64-appstream-rpms # change RHEL version if needed

Then install the package:

sudo dnf install ansible-core

Make sure that python points to Python3:

sudo alternatives --set python /usr/bin/python3

To avoid packages not found or mismatches, we use pip to install the dependencies:

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
python3 -m pip install yq openstackclient openstacksdk netaddr

Fedora

This command installs all required dependencies on Fedora:

sudo dnf install python3-openstackclient ansible-core python3-openstacksdk python3-netaddr

Ansible Collections

The Ansible Collections are not packaged (yet) on recent versions of OSP and RHEL when ansible-core is installed instead of Ansible 2.9. So the collections need to be installed from ansible-galaxy.

ansible-galaxy collection install "openstack.cloud:<2.0.0" ansible.utils community.general

OpenShift Configuration Directory

All the configuration files, logs and installation state are kept in a single directory:

$ mkdir -p openstack-upi
$ cd openstack-upi

Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS (RHCOS)

A proper RHCOS image in the OpenStack cluster or project is required for successful installation.

Get the RHCOS image for your OpenShift version here. You should download images with the highest version that is less than or equal to the OpenShift version that you install. Use the image versions that match your OpenShift version if they are available.

The OpenStack RHCOS image corresponding to a given openshift-install binary can be extracted from the binary itself. If the jq tool is available, extraction can be done programmatically:

$ curl -sSL --remote-name "$(openshift-install coreos print-stream-json | jq --raw-output '.architectures.x86_64.artifacts.openstack.formats."qcow2.gz".disk.location')"
$ export RHCOSVERSION="$(openshift-install coreos print-stream-json | jq --raw-output '.architectures.x86_64.artifacts.openstack.release')"

The OpenStack QCOW2 image is only available in a compressed format with the .gz extension; it must be decompressed locally before uploading it to Glance. The following command will unpack the image into rhcos-${RHCOSVERSION}-openstack.x86_64.qcow2:

$ gunzip rhcos-${RHCOSVERSION}-openstack.x86_64.qcow2.gz

Next step is to create a Glance image.

Note This document will use rhcos-${CLUSTER_NAME} as the Glance image name. The name of the Glance image must be the one configured as os_image_rhcos in inventory.yaml.

$ openstack image create --container-format=bare --disk-format=qcow2 --file rhcos-${RHCOSVERSION}-openstack.x86_64.qcow2 "rhcos-${CLUSTER_NAME}"

Note Depending on your OpenStack environment you can upload the RHCOS image as raw or qcow2. See Disk and container formats for images for more information.

If the RHCOS image being used supports it, the KVM Qemu Guest Agent may be used to enable optional access between OpenStack KVM hypervisors and the cluster nodes.

To enable this feature, you must add the hw_qemu_guest_agent=yes property to the image:

$ openstack image set --property hw_qemu_guest_agent=yes "rhcos-${CLUSTER_NAME}"

Finally validate that the image was successfully created:

$ openstack image show "rhcos-${CLUSTER_NAME}"

API and Ingress Floating IP Addresses

If the variables os_api_fip, os_ingress_fip and os_bootstrap_fip are found in inventory.yaml, the corresponding floating IPs will be attached to the API load balancer, to the worker nodes load balancer and to the temporary machine used for the install process, respectively. Note that os_external_network is a requirement for those.

Note Throughout this document, we will use 203.0.113.23 as the public IP address for the OpenShift API endpoint and 203.0.113.19 as the public IP for the ingress (*.apps) endpoint. 203.0.113.20 will be the public IP used for the bootstrap machine.

$ openstack floating ip create --description "OpenShift API" <external>
=> 203.0.113.23
$ openstack floating ip create --description "OpenShift Ingress" <external>
=> 203.0.113.19
$ openstack floating ip create --description "bootstrap machine" <external>
=> 203.0.113.20

The OpenShift API (for the OpenShift administrators and app developers) will be at api.<cluster name>.<cluster domain> and the Ingress (for the apps' end users) at *.apps.<cluster name>.<cluster domain>.

Create these two records in your DNS zone:

api.openshift.example.com.    A 203.0.113.23
*.apps.openshift.example.com. A 203.0.113.19

They will need to be available to your developers, end users as well as the OpenShift installer process later in this guide.

Create network, API and ingress ports

Please note that value of the API and Ingress VIPs fields will be overwritten in the inventory.yaml with the respective addresses assigned to the Ports. Run the following playbook to create necessary resources:

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml network.yaml

Note These OpenStack resources will be deleted by the down-network.yaml playbook.

Install Config

Run the create install-config subcommand and fill in the desired entries:

$ openshift-install create install-config
? SSH Public Key </home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>
? Platform <openstack>
? Cloud <openstack>
? ExternalNetwork <external>
? APIFloatingIPAddress <203.0.113.23>
? FlavorName <m1.xlarge>
? Base Domain <example.com>
? Cluster Name <openshift>

Most of these are self-explanatory. Cloud is the cloud name in your clouds.yaml i.e. what's set as your OS_CLOUD environment variable.

Cluster Name and Base Domain will together form the fully qualified domain name which the API interface will expect to the called, and the default name with which OpenShift will expose newly created applications.

Given the values above, the OpenShift API will be available at:

https://api.openshift.example.com:6443/

Afterwards, you should have install-config.yaml in your current directory:

$ tree
.
└── install-config.yaml

Configure the machineNetwork.CIDR apiVIP and ingressVIP

The machineNetwork represents the OpenStack network which will be used to connect all the OpenShift cluster nodes. The machineNetwork.CIDR defines the IP range, in CIDR notation, from which the installer will choose what IP addresses to assign the nodes. The apiVIPs and ingressVIPs are the IP addresses the installer will assign to the cluster API and ingress VIPs, respectively.

In the previous step, ansible playbook added default values for the machineNetwork.CIDR, and then it assigned selected by Neutron IP addresses for apiVIPs and ingressVIPs to appropriate fields inventory file - os_ingressVIP and os_apiVIP for single stack installation, and additionally os_ingressVIP6 and os_apiVIP6 for dualstack out of machineNetwork.CIDR.

Following script will fill into intall-config.yaml the value for machineNetwork, apiVIPs, ingressVIPs, controlPlanePort for single-stack and dual-stack and networkType, clusterNetwork and serviceNetwork only for dual-stack, using inventory.yaml values:

$ python -c 'import yaml
path = "install-config.yaml"
data = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
inventory = yaml.safe_load(open("inventory.yaml"))["all"]["hosts"]["localhost"]
machine_net = [{"cidr": inventory["os_subnet_range"]}]
api_vips = [inventory["os_apiVIP"]]
ingress_vips = [inventory["os_ingressVIP"]]
ctrl_plane_port = {"network": {"name": inventory["os_network"]}, "fixedIPs": [{"subnet": {"name": inventory["os_subnet"]}}]}
if inventory.get("os_subnet6"):
    machine_net.append({"cidr": inventory["os_subnet6_range"]})
    api_vips.append(inventory["os_apiVIP6"])
    ingress_vips.append(inventory["os_ingressVIP6"])
    data["networking"]["networkType"] = "OVNKubernetes"
    data["networking"]["clusterNetwork"].append({"cidr": inventory["cluster_network6_cidr"], "hostPrefix": inventory["cluster_network6_prefix"]})
    data["networking"]["serviceNetwork"].append(inventory["service_subnet6_range"])
    ctrl_plane_port["fixedIPs"].append({"subnet": {"name": inventory["os_subnet6"]}})
data["networking"]["machineNetwork"] = machine_net
data["platform"]["openstack"]["apiVIPs"] = api_vips
data["platform"]["openstack"]["ingressVIPs"] = ingress_vips
data["platform"]["openstack"]["controlPlanePort"] = ctrl_plane_port
del data["platform"]["openstack"]["externalDNS"]
open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False))'

Note All the scripts in this guide work only with Python 3. You can also choose to edit the install-config.yaml file by hand.

Empty Compute Pools

UPI will not rely on the Machine API for node creation. Instead, we will create the compute nodes ("workers") manually.

We will set their count to 0 in install-config.yaml. Look under compute -> (first entry) -> replicas.

This command will do it for you:

$ python -c '
import yaml
path = "install-config.yaml"
data = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
data["compute"][0]["replicas"] = 0
open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False))'

Modify NetworkType (Required for OpenShift SDN)

By default the networkType is set to OVNKubernetes on the install-config.yaml.

If an installation with OpenShift SDN is desired, you must modify the networkType field. Note, that dual-stack only supports OVNKubernetes network type.

This command will do it for you:

$ python -c '
import yaml
path = "install-config.yaml"
data = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
data["networking"]["networkType"] = "OpenShiftSDN"
open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False))'

Edit Manifests

We are not relying on the Machine API so we can delete the control plane Machines and compute MachineSets from the manifests.

WARNING: The install-config.yaml file will be automatically deleted in the next section. If you want to keep it around, copy it elsewhere now!

First, let's turn the install config into manifests:

$ openshift-install create manifests
$ tree
.
├── manifests
│   ├── 04-openshift-machine-config-operator.yaml
│   ├── cloud-provider-config.yaml
│   ├── cluster-config.yaml
│   ├── cluster-dns-02-config.yml
│   ├── cluster-infrastructure-02-config.yml
│   ├── cluster-ingress-02-config.yml
│   ├── cluster-network-01-crd.yml
│   ├── cluster-network-02-config.yml
│   ├── cluster-proxy-01-config.yaml
│   ├── cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml
│   ├── cvo-overrides.yaml
│   ├── kube-cloud-config.yaml
│   ├── kube-system-configmap-root-ca.yaml
│   ├── machine-config-server-tls-secret.yaml
│   └── openshift-config-secret-pull-secret.yaml
└── openshift
    ├── 99_cloud-creds-secret.yaml
    ├── 99_kubeadmin-password-secret.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-0.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-1.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-2.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_master-user-data-secret.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-0.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-user-data-secret.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-machineconfig_master.yaml
    ├── 99_openshift-machineconfig_worker.yaml
    ├── 99_rolebinding-cloud-creds-secret-reader.yaml
    └── 99_role-cloud-creds-secret-reader.yaml

2 directories, 38 files

Remove Machines and MachineSets

Remove the control-plane Machines and compute MachineSets, because we'll be providing those ourselves and don't want to involve the machine-API operator and cluster-control-plane-machine-set operator:

$ rm -f openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_master-machines-*.yaml openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-*.yaml openshift/99_openshift-machine-api_master-control-plane-machine-set.yaml

Leave the compute MachineSets in if you want to create compute machines via the machine API. However, some references must be updated in the machineset spec (openshift/99_openshift-cluster-api_worker-machineset-0.yaml) to match your environment:

  • The OS image: spec.template.spec.providerSpec.value.image

Set control-plane nodes to desired schedulable state

Currently emptying the compute pools makes control-plane nodes schedulable. Let's update the scheduler configuration to match the desired configuration defined on the inventory.yaml:

$ python -c '
import yaml
inventory = yaml.safe_load(open("inventory.yaml"))
inventory_os_compute_nodes_number = inventory["all"]["hosts"]["localhost"]["os_compute_nodes_number"]
path = "manifests/cluster-scheduler-02-config.yml"
data = yaml.safe_load(open(path))
if not inventory_os_compute_nodes_number:
   data["spec"]["mastersSchedulable"] = True
else:
   data["spec"]["mastersSchedulable"] = False
open(path, "w").write(yaml.dump(data, default_flow_style=False))'

Ignition Config

Next, we will turn these manifests into Ignition files. These will be used to configure the Nova servers on boot (Ignition performs a similar function as cloud-init).

$ openshift-install create ignition-configs
$ tree
.
├── auth
│   ├── kubeadmin-password
│   └── kubeconfig
├── bootstrap.ign
├── master.ign
├── metadata.json
└── worker.ign

Infra ID

The OpenShift cluster has been assigned an identifier in the form of <cluster name>-<random string>. You do not need this for anything, but it is a good idea to keep it around. You can see the various metadata about your future cluster in metadata.json.

The Infra ID is under the infraID key:

$ export INFRA_ID=$(jq -r .infraID metadata.json)
$ echo $INFRA_ID
openshift-qlvwv

We'll use the infraID as the prefix for all the OpenStack resources we'll create. That way, you'll be able to have multiple deployments in the same OpenStack project without name conflicts.

Make sure your shell session has the $INFRA_ID environment variable set when you run the commands later in this document.

Bootstrap Ignition

Edit the Bootstrap Ignition

We need to set the bootstrap hostname explicitly, and in the case of OpenStack using self-signed certificate, the CA cert file. The IPI installer does this automatically, but for now UPI does not.

We will update the ignition file (bootstrap.ign) to create the following files:

/etc/hostname:

openshift-qlvwv-bootstrap

(using the infraID)

/opt/openshift/tls/cloud-ca-cert.pem (if applicable).

Note We recommend you back up the Ignition files before making any changes!

You can edit the Ignition file manually or run this Python script:

import base64
import json
import os

with open('bootstrap.ign', 'r') as f:
    ignition = json.load(f)

storage = ignition.get('storage', {})
files = storage.get('files', [])

infra_id = os.environ.get('INFRA_ID', 'openshift').encode()
hostname_b64 = base64.standard_b64encode(infra_id + b'-bootstrap\n').decode().strip()
files.append(
{
    'path': '/etc/hostname',
    'mode': 420,
    'contents': {
        'source': 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,' + hostname_b64,
    },
})

ca_cert_path = os.environ.get('OS_CACERT', '')
if ca_cert_path:
    with open(ca_cert_path, 'r') as f:
        ca_cert = f.read().encode().strip()
        ca_cert_b64 = base64.standard_b64encode(ca_cert).decode().strip()

    files.append(
    {
        'path': '/opt/openshift/tls/cloud-ca-cert.pem',
        'mode': 420,
        'contents': {
            'source': 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,' + ca_cert_b64,
        },
    })

storage['files'] = files
ignition['storage'] = storage

with open('bootstrap.ign', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(ignition, f)

Feel free to make any other changes.

Upload the Boostrap Ignition

The generated boostrap ignition file tends to be quite large (around 300KB -- it contains all the manifests, master and worker ignitions etc.). This is generally too big to be passed to the server directly (the OpenStack Nova user data limit is 64KB).

To boot it up, we will create a smaller Ignition file that will be passed to Nova as user data and that will download the main ignition file upon execution.

The main file needs to be uploaded to an HTTP(S) location the Bootstrap node will be able to access.

Choose the storage that best fits your needs and availability.

IMPORTANT: The bootstrap.ign contains sensitive information such as your clouds.yaml credentials. It should not be accessible by the public! It will only be used once during the Nova boot of the Bootstrap server. We strongly recommend you restrict the access to that server only and delete the file afterwards.

Possible choices include:

  • Glance (see the example below);
  • Swift;
  • Amazon S3;
  • Internal web server inside your organization;
  • A throwaway Nova server in $INFRA_ID-nodes hosting a static web server exposing the file.

In this guide, we will assume the file is at the following URL:

https://static.example.com/bootstrap.ign

Example: Glance image service

Create the bootstrap-ign-${INFRA_ID} image and upload the bootstrap.ign file:

$ openstack image create --disk-format=raw --container-format=bare --file bootstrap.ign "bootstrap-ign-${INFRA_ID}"

Note Make sure the created image has active status.

Copy and save file value of the output, it should look like /v2/images/<image_id>/file.

Get Glance public URL:

$ openstack catalog show image

By default Glance service doesn't allow anonymous access to the data. So, if you use Glance to store the ignition config, then you also need to provide a valid auth token in the ignition.config.merge.httpHeaders field.

The token can be obtained with this command:

$ export GLANCE_TOKEN="$(openstack token issue -c id -f value)"

Note that this token can be generated as any OpenStack user with Glance read access; this particular token will only be used for downloading the Ignition file.

The command will return the token to be added to the ignition.config.merge[0].httpHeaders property in the Bootstrap Ignition Shim (see below).

Combine the public URL with the file value to get the link to your bootstrap ignition, in the format <glance_public_url>/v2/images/<image_id>/file:

$ export BOOTSTRAP_URL="$(openstack catalog show glance -f json | jq -r '.endpoints[] | select(.interface=="public").url')$(openstack image show -f value -c file bootstrap-ign-${INFRA_ID})"

Example of the link to be put in the source property of the Ignition Shim (see below): https://public.glance.example.com:9292/v2/images/b7e2b84e-15cf-440a-a113-3197518da024/file.

Create the Bootstrap Ignition Shim

As mentioned before due to Nova user data size limit, we will need to create a new Ignition file that will load the bulk of the Bootstrap node configuration. This will be similar to the existing master.ign and worker.ign files.

Create a file called $INFRA_ID-bootstrap-ignition.json (fill in your infraID) with the following contents:

{
  "ignition": {
    "config": {
      "merge": [
        {
          "httpHeaders": [
            {
              "name": "X-Auth-Token",
              "value": "${GLANCE_TOKEN}"
            }
          ],
          "source": "${BOOTSTRAP_URL}"
        }
      ]
    },
    "version": "3.1.0"
  }
}

Replace the ignition.config.merge.source value to the URL hosting the bootstrap.ign file you've uploaded previously. If using Glance, the X-Auth-Token value with the Glance token.

Ignition file served by server using self-signed certificate

In order for the bootstrap node to retrieve the ignition file when it is served by a server using self-signed certificate, it is necessary to add the CA certificate to the ignition.security.tls.certificateAuthorities in the ignition file. Here is how you might do it.

Encode the certificate to base64:

$ openssl x509 -in "$OS_CACERT" | base64 -w0

Add the base64-encoded certificate to the ignition shim:

{
  "ignition": {
    "security": {
      "tls": {
        "certificateAuthorities": [
          {
            "source": "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,<base64_encoded_certificate>"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "version": "3.1.0"
  }
}

Or programmatically add the certificate to the bootstrap ignition shim with Python:

import base64
import json
import os

ca_cert_path = os.environ.get('OS_CACERT', '')
if ca_cert_path:
    with open(ca_cert_path, 'r') as f:
        ca_cert = f.read().encode().strip()
        ca_cert_b64 = base64.standard_b64encode(ca_cert).decode().strip()

    certificateAuthority = {
        'source': 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,'+ca_cert_b64,
    }
else:
    exit()

infra_id = os.environ.get('INFRA_ID', 'openshift')

bootstrap_ignition_shim = infra_id + '-bootstrap-ignition.json'

with open(bootstrap_ignition_shim, 'r') as f:
    ignition_data = json.load(f)

ignition = ignition_data.get('ignition', {})
security = ignition.get('security', {})
tls = security.get('tls', {})
certificateAuthorities = tls.get('certificateAuthorities', [])

certificateAuthorities.append(certificateAuthority)
tls['certificateAuthorities'] = certificateAuthorities
security['tls'] = tls
ignition['security'] = security
ignition_data['ignition'] = ignition

with open(bootstrap_ignition_shim, 'w') as f:
    json.dump(ignition_data, f)

Master Ignition

Similar to bootstrap, we need to make sure the hostname is set to the expected value (it must match the name of the Nova server exactly).

Since that value will be different for each master node, we need to create one Ignition file per master node.

We will deploy three Control plane (master) nodes. Their Ignition configs can be created like so:

$ for index in $(seq 0 2); do
    MASTER_HOSTNAME="$INFRA_ID-master-$index\n"
    python -c "import base64, json, sys
ignition = json.load(sys.stdin)
storage = ignition.get('storage', {})
files = storage.get('files', [])
files.append({'path': '/etc/hostname', 'mode': 420, 'contents': {'source': 'data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,' + base64.standard_b64encode(b'$MASTER_HOSTNAME').decode().strip()}})
storage['files'] = files
ignition['storage'] = storage
json.dump(ignition, sys.stdout)" <master.ign >"$INFRA_ID-master-$index-ignition.json"
done

This should create files openshift-qlvwv-master-0-ignition.json, openshift-qlvwv-master-1-ignition.json and openshift-qlvwv-master-2-ignition.json.

If you look inside, you will see that they contain very little. In fact, most of the master Ignition is served by the Machine Config Server running on the bootstrap node and the masters contain only enough to know where to look for the rest.

You can make your own changes here.

Note The worker nodes do not require any changes to their Ignition, but you can make your own by editing worker.ign.

Network Topology

In this section we'll create all the networking pieces necessary to host the OpenShift cluster: security groups, network, subnet, router, ports.

Security Groups

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml security-groups.yaml

The playbook creates one Security group for the Control Plane and one for the Compute nodes, then attaches rules for enabling communication between the nodes.

Update Network, Subnet, Router and ports

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml update-network-resources.yaml

The playbook sets tags to network, subnets, ports and router. It also attaches the floating IP to the API and Ingress ports and set the security group on those ports.

Subnet DNS (optional)

Note This step is optional and only necessary if you want to control the default resolvers your Nova servers will use.

During deployment, the OpenShift nodes will need to be able to resolve public name records to download the OpenShift images and so on. They will also need to resolve the OpenStack API endpoint.

The default resolvers are often set up by the OpenStack administrator in Neutron. However, some deployments do not have default DNS servers set, meaning the servers are not able to resolve any records when they boot.

If you are in this situation, you can add resolvers to your Neutron subnet (openshift-qlvwv-nodes). These will be put into /etc/resolv.conf on your servers post-boot.

For example, if you want to add the following nameservers: 198.51.100.86 and 198.51.100.87, you can run this command:

$ openstack subnet set --dns-nameserver <198.51.100.86> --dns-nameserver <198.51.100.87> "$INFRA_ID-nodes"

Bootstrap

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml bootstrap.yaml

The playbook sets the allowed address pairs on each port attached to our OpenShift nodes.

Since the keepalived-managed IP addresses are not attached to any specific server, Neutron would block their traffic by default. By passing them to --allowed-address the traffic can flow freely through.

An additional Floating IP is also attached to the bootstrap port. This is not necessary for the deployment (and we will delete the bootstrap resources afterwards). However, if the bootstrapping phase fails for any reason, the installer will try to SSH in and download the bootstrap log. That will only succeed if the node is reachable (which in general means a floating IP).

After the bootstrap server is active, you can check the console log to see that it is getting the ignition correctly:

$ openstack console log show "$INFRA_ID-bootstrap"

You can also SSH into the server (using its floating IP address) and check on the bootstrapping progress:

$ ssh core@203.0.113.24
[core@openshift-qlvwv-bootstrap ~]$ journalctl -b -f -u bootkube.service

Control Plane

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml control-plane.yaml

Our control plane will consist of three nodes. The servers will be passed the master-?-ignition.json files prepared earlier.

The playbook places the Control Plane in a Server Group with "soft anti-affinity" policy.

The master nodes should load the initial Ignition and then keep waiting until the bootstrap node stands up the Machine Config Server which will provide the rest of the configuration.

Wait for the Control Plane to Complete

When that happens, the masters will start running their own pods, run etcd and join the "bootstrap" cluster. Eventually, they will form a fully operational control plane.

You can monitor this via the following command:

$ openshift-install wait-for bootstrap-complete

Eventually, it should output the following:

INFO API v1.14.6+f9b5405 up
INFO Waiting up to 30m0s for bootstrapping to complete...

This means the masters have come up successfully and are joining the cluster.

Eventually, the wait-for command should end with:

INFO It is now safe to remove the bootstrap resources

Access the OpenShift API

You can use the oc or kubectl commands to talk to the OpenShift API. The admin credentials are in auth/kubeconfig:

$ export KUBECONFIG="$PWD/auth/kubeconfig"
$ oc get nodes
$ oc get pods -A

Note Only the API will be up at this point. The OpenShift UI will run on the compute nodes.

Delete the Bootstrap Resources

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml down-bootstrap.yaml

The teardown playbook deletes the bootstrap port and server.

Now the bootstrap floating IP can also be destroyed.

If you haven't done so already, you should also disable the bootstrap Ignition URL. If you are following the Glance example:

$ openstack image delete "bootstrap-ign-${INFRA_ID}"
$ openstack token revoke "$GLANCE_TOKEN"

Compute Nodes

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml compute-nodes.yaml

This process is similar to the masters, but the workers need to be approved before they're allowed to join the cluster.

The workers need no ignition override.

Compute Nodes with SR-IOV NICs

Using single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) networking as an additional network in OpenShift can be beneficial for applications that require high bandwidth and low latency. To enable this in your cluster, you will need to install the SR-IOV Network Operator. If you are not sure whether your cluster supports this feature, please refer to the SR-IOV hardware networks documentation. If you are planning an openstack deployment with SR-IOV networks and need addition resources, check the OpenStack SR-IOV deployment docs. Once you meet these requirements, you can start provisioning an SR-IOV network and subnet in OpenStack.

openstack network create radio --provider-physical-network radio --provider-network-type vlan --provider-segment 120

openstack subnet create radio --network radio --subnet-range <your CIDR range> --dhcp

Your compute nodes will need to have two types of ports for this feature to work. One port needs to connect the node to your OpenShift network so that it can join the cluster and communicate with the other nodes. The other type of port is for your SR-IOV traffic. The OpenShift networking port should be created the same way we normally create ports for compute nodes.

openstack port create os_port_worker_0 --network <infraID>-network --security-group <infraID>-worker --fixed-ip subnet=<infraID>-nodes,ip-address=<a fixed IP> --allowed-address ip-address=<infraID>-ingress-port

The SR-IOV port(s) must be created explicitly by the user and passed as a NIC during instance creation, otherwise the vnic-type will not be direct and it will not work.

openstack port create radio_port --vnic-type direct --network radio --fixed-ip subnet=radio,ip-address=<a fixed ip> --tag=radio --disable-port-security

When you create your instance, make sure that the SR-IOV port and the OCP port you created for it are added as NICs.

openstack server create --image "rhcos-${CLUSTER_NAME}" --flavor ocp --user-data <ocp project>/build-artifacts/worker.ign --nic port-id=<os_port_worker_0 ID> --nic port-id=<radio_port ID> --config-drive true worker-<worker_id>.<cluster_name>.<cluster_domain>

Approve the worker CSRs

Even after they've booted up, the workers will not show up in oc get nodes.

Instead, they will create certificate signing requests (CSRs) which need to be approved. You can watch for the CSRs here:

$ watch oc get csr -A

Eventually, you should see Pending entries looking like this

$ oc get csr -A
NAME        AGE    REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-2scwb   16m    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-5jwqf   16m    system:node:openshift-qlvwv-master-0                                        Approved,Issued
csr-88jp8   116s   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-9dt8f   15m    system:node:openshift-qlvwv-master-1                                        Approved,Issued
csr-bqkw5   16m    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-dpprd   6s     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-dtcws   24s    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Pending
csr-lj7f9   16m    system:node:openshift-qlvwv-master-2                                        Approved,Issued
csr-lrtlk   15m    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-wkm94   16m    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued

You should inspect each pending CSR and verify that it comes from a node you recognize:

$ oc describe csr csr-88jp8
Name:               csr-88jp8
Labels:             <none>
Annotations:        <none>
CreationTimestamp:  Wed, 23 Oct 2019 13:22:51 +0200
Requesting User:    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper
Status:             Pending
Subject:
         Common Name:    system:node:openshift-qlvwv-worker-0
         Serial Number:
         Organization:   system:nodes
Events:  <none>

If it does (this one is for openshift-qlvwv-worker-0 which we've created earlier), you can approve it:

$ oc adm certificate approve csr-88jp8

Approved nodes should now show up in oc get nodes, but they will be in the NotReady state. They will create a second CSR which you should also review:

$ oc get csr -A
NAME        AGE     REQUESTOR                                                                   CONDITION
csr-2scwb   17m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-5jwqf   17m     system:node:openshift-qlvwv-master-0                                         Approved,Issued
csr-7mv4d   13s     system:node:openshift-qlvwv-worker-1                                         Pending
csr-88jp8   3m29s   system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-9dt8f   17m     system:node:openshift-qlvwv-master-1                                         Approved,Issued
csr-bqkw5   18m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-bx7p4   28s     system:node:openshift-qlvwv-worker-0                                         Pending
csr-dpprd   99s     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-dtcws   117s    system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-lj7f9   17m     system:node:openshift-qlvwv-master-2                                         Approved,Issued
csr-lrtlk   17m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-wkm94   18m     system:serviceaccount:openshift-machine-config-operator:node-bootstrapper   Approved,Issued
csr-wqpfd   21s     system:node:openshift-qlvwv-worker-2                                         Pending

(we see the CSR approved earlier as well as a new Pending one for the same node: openshift-qlvwv-worker-0)

And approve:

$ oc adm certificate approve csr-bx7p4

Once this CSR is approved, the node should switch to Ready and pods will be scheduled on it.

Wait for the OpenShift Installation to Complete

Run the following command to verify the OpenShift cluster is fully deployed:

$ openshift-install --log-level debug wait-for install-complete

Upon success, it will print the URL to the OpenShift Console (the web UI) as well as admin username and password to log in.

Destroy the OpenShift Cluster

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml  \
	down-bootstrap.yaml      \
	down-control-plane.yaml  \
	down-compute-nodes.yaml  \
	down-containers.yaml     \
	down-network.yaml        \
	down-security-groups.yaml

Delete the RHCOS image if it's no longer useful.

openstack image delete "rhcos-${CLUSTER_NAME}"

Then, remove the api and *.apps DNS records.

The floating IPs can also be deleted if not useful any more.