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<!doctype html>
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<div id="impress">
<div id="title" class="step" data-x="0" data-y="0" data-z="0" data-rotate-x="0" data-rotate-y="0" data-rotate-z="0" data-scale="1">
<h1>Linked Data & the Semantic Web—Making Human Knowledge <span class="mono">Programmable</span></h1>
<div id="authorInfo">
<h2>Alexander O'Connor, <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><a href="http://www.twitter.com/uberalex">@uberalex</a><br />
<a href="http://www.cngl.ie">CNGL</a> Centre for Global Intelligent Content,<br />
<a href="http://kdeg.scss.tcd.ie">KDEG</a>, School of Computer Science & Statistics,<br />
Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.</h2>
</div>
<div id="logos">
<p>
<ul><li><img src="img/cngl.jpg" height="50" /></li><li><img src="img/cendari.png" height="50"></li><li><img src="img/foster.png" height="50"/></li></ul>
This research is supported by the Science Foundation Ireland (Grant 12/CE/I2267) as part of the Centre for Next Generation Localisation at Trinity College Dublin.<br />
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons Licence" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/80x15.png" /></a><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/InteractiveResource" property="dct:title" rel="dct:type">"Linked Data & the Semantic Web"</span> by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="http://oconnoat.github.io/APIOpenData" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Alexander O'Connor</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.
</p>
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</div>
<div id="talkAnatomy" class="step" data-x="1200" data-y="0" data-z="0" data-rotate-x="0" data-rotate-y="0" data-rotate-z="0" data-scale="1">
<ol>
<li>Markup</li>
<li>Querying & Exploring</li>
<li>Hosting</li>
</ol>
<div class="notes">
<p>45 minutes is actually not a long time to discuss the semantic web. What I'm going to try and focus on is the practical aspects in three areas:</p>
<ol><li>marking up documents and designing</li><li>querying linked data online</li><li>hosting linked data</li></ol>
<p> I gather most of the audience is at least familiar with the basic concepts. I will therefore only speak about them briefly. I hope to make this a pretty hands-on experience, you can follow the talk at the link above. The slides should be online, and several examples are linked. I would greatly appreciate any feedback, so be sure to hit the Github Repo for the talk! In particular I will want to cover the notions of best-practice, openness and hopefully something that you can use.
</div>
</div>
<!-- PART 1 -->
<div id="lodwww" class="step" data-x="-1200" data-y="1200">
<div class="notes">
The real objective of the Linked Data Web is to make a web that is more understandable for computers. Humans communicate in text, big blocks of the stuff, that is very hard to process automatically. We use all sorts of complex linguistic tricks: metaphor, references; we often speak indirectly about things, and it all depends on the fact that we can communicate using a shared context. The goal of structuring linked data is exactly that: how do we establish a common reference model to allow computers to 'read' documents.
</div>
</div>
<div id="FerdinandFoch" class="step" data-x="0" data-y="1200">
<p><q>"My centre is giving way, my right is in retreat, situation excellent. I attack." ― Ferdinand Foch </q></p>
<div class="notes">
<p>Taking Marechal Foch's sentence as an example, what might we want to do to provide context?</p>
<ul><li>Battle of the Marne & military terms</li><li>Irony</li><li>Who is Foch?</li><li>quote</li><li>translation</li></ul>
<a href="http://www.europeana1914-1918.eu/en/europeana/record/9200310/BibliographicResource_3000093748366_source">Background image reference</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="meaningtriangle" class="step" data-x="1200" data-y="1200">
<a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/ontometa.htm"><img src="http://www.jfsowa.com/figs/yojo.gif" /><span class="caption"><br />Sowa, J.F. <em>Ontology, Metadata, and Semiotics</em></span></a>
<div class="notes">
<p>When humans read a piece of text, what they are doing is looking at labels which they translate into concepts. We have the concept of the Triangle of reference. There's a thing, we have a conceptualisation of that thing, and we communicate that with a symbol. There's lots of complexity there in reconciling the three.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="vocabulary" class="step" data-x="2400" data-y="1200">
<a href="http://www.rbms.info/committees/bibliographic_standards/controlled_vocabularies/binding/th7.htm">Book Bindings</a>
<p>Adhesive bindings,
Caoutchouc bindings,
Backless bindings,
Boards,
Edges of binding boards,
Bevelled edge boards,
Square edge boards,
Hemp boards,
Pasteboard,
Wooden boards,
Mauchline ware bindings,
Case bindings,
Circuit edges,
Dos-à-dos bindings,
Flap bindings,
Girdle books,
Guard books,
Limp bindings,
Mechanical bindings,
Comb bindings,
Spiral bindings,
Non-adhesive bindings,
Tacketed bindings,
Tucks,
Wrappers,
Cloth wrappers,
Printed wrappers,
Vellum wrappers,
Yapp style bindings</p>
</div>
<div id="taxonomy" class="step" data-x="3600" data-y="1200" data-rotate-y="90" data-z="-1200">
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-primer/"><img src="http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-primer/broaderNonTransitive.jpg"></a>
<p>Wrappers <br /> <strong>broader than</strong> <br /> Vellum Wrappers</p>
</div>
<div id="ontology" class="step" data-x="3600" data-y="1200" data-rotate-y="90" data-z="-2400">
<img src="img/kellsonto.png" />
<div class="notes">
Instances (or Individuals) are members of classes, with properties, and classes can have superclasses.
</div>
</div>
<div id="voctaxont" class="step" data-x="4800" data-y="1200">
<h1>Common Understanding</h1>
<ul>
<li><i class="fa fa-bars fa-lg"></i> Vocabulary: <br />Set of Terms</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-sort-amount-asc fa-lg"></i> Taxonomy: <br />Terms & Concepts & Relationships</li>
<li><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-lg"></i> Ontology: <br />Terms & Concepts & Relationships & Data</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="triple" class="step" data-x="0" data-y="2400">
<p><span class="subject">Subject</span>—<span class="predicate">Predicate</span>—<span class="object">Object</span></p>
<table>
<tr><th></th><th>Year</th><th>City</th></tr>
<tr class="subject"><td>i</td><td class="object">1978</td><td class="object">Kraków</td></tr>
<tr class="subject"><td>ii</td><td class="object">2005</td><td class="object">Munich</td></tr>
<tr class="subject"><td>iii</td><td class="object">2013</td><td class="object">Buenos Aires</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<div id="RDF" class="step" data-x="-1200" data-y="2400">
<img src="img/rdfgraph.png" />
<div class="notes">This gets assembled into a graph structure, which can then be traversed algorithmically</div>
</div>
<div id="schemasandOwl" class="step" data-x="1200" data-y="2400">
<h1>Schema</h1>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span class="cursive">Class:</span> <em>a group of instances with common properties</em></li>
<li>An individual <span class="cursive">is a</span> class</li>
<li>Individuals have properties with values</li>
</ul>
</div>
<img src="img/three.png" />
</div>
<div id="schemasandOwl2" class="step" data-x="1200" data-y="2400" data-z="-1000" data-rotate-y="90">
<h1>OWL—Web Ontology Language</h1>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Classes can have rich <strong>semantics</strong>.</li>
<li>Reasoning using OWL allows creation of <strong>new knowledge</strong>.
<li>Don't re-invent <span class="mono">RDF:Wheel</mono>!
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<img src="img/semanticstack.png" />
</div>
</div>
<!-- Part 2 -->
<div id="consumingandenriching" class="step" data-x="-1200" data-y="3600">
<div class="notes"><p>have a notion of semantics, but how do we actually use that to improve what we have?</p></div>
</div>
<div id="LOD" class="step" data-x="0" data-y="3600">
<!-- cloud here-->
<a href="http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/lodcloud/2014/">
<span class="caption">http://data.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/lodcloud/2014/</span></a>
</div>
<div id="gatheringData" class="step" data-x="1200" data-y="4800">
<div class="notes">We can leverage the openness of the LOD web to get our hands on concepts, on data, on terms, and link it all together to get a network effect.</div>
</div>
<div id="sparql" class="step" data-x="2400" data-y="4800">
<div class="notes">
<iframe width="640" height="360" src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/4CKiHC3l-4s?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div>
<img src="img/otomo_escher_fireball.jpg" />
<h1>Select, Describe, Construct, Ask</h1>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://dbpedia.org/snorql">DBPedia</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.geosparql.org/">Geonames</a></li>
<li><a href="http://europeana.ontotext.com/">Europeana</a></li>
</ol>
<h1>Graph, Table, XML, JSON, Text</h1>
</div>
<div id="enrichingContent" class="step" data-x="-1200" data-y="6000">
<div class="notes"><h1>What to enrich and how?</h1>
add metadata, add context, add facts, resolve ambiguities, mark linguistic factors, licensing, etc etc?</div>
</div>
<div id="enrichingAPoster" class="step" data-x="0" data-y="6000">
<div><a href="http://digitalcollections.tcd.ie/home/index.php?DRIS_ID=PapyrusCase55_041"><img src="img/oleary.jpg" /></a></div>
</div>
<div id="posterGraph" class="step" data-x="0" data-y="6000" data-rotate-y="90" data-z="-1200">
<table border="1">
<tr><td rowspan="14"><strong>PapyrusCase55_041</strong></td> <td>Title:</td> <td>An Irish hero! 1 Irishman defeats 10 Germans</td></tr>
<tr><td>Name(s):</td><td>Great Britain. Army.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Department:</td><td> Early Printed Books, Trinity College Library, Dublin</td></tr>
<tr><td>Item No.: </td><td>EPB Papyrus Case 55b</td></tr>
<tr><td>Collection title:</td><td> World War I Recruiting Posters</td></tr>
<tr><td>Is part of:</td><td> World War I Recruiting Collection</td></tr>
<tr><td>Digital No.:</td><td> PapyrusCase55_041</td></tr>
<tr><td>Abstract:</td><td> World War I Recruiting Collection: <br />These posters and leaflets were issued by the British Army in Dublin during the war.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Type of work:</td><td> posters</td></tr>
<tr><td>Dimensions:</td><td> 78 x 53 cm</td></tr>
<tr><td>Material:</td><td> paper (fiber product) <br />colored ink</td></tr>
<tr><td>Subjects:</td><td>
<ul>
<li>Patriotism</li>
<li>World War, 1914-1918--Great Britain--Posters</li>
<li>Recruiting and enlistment</li>
<li>World War, 1914-1918--Ireland</li>
<li>World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns--Germany</li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>Publisher:</td><td> James Walker</td></tr>
<tr><td>Copyright:</td><td> Copyright 2012 The Board of Trinity College Dublin.</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
<div id="OLearyGraph" class="step" data-y="6000" data-x="0" data-rotate-y="90" data-z="-2400">
<img src="img/olearygraph.png" height="500" />
<div class="notes">
One thing here is that if we collect the data from the poster, he's a Sergeant. In Wikipedia, he's a Major. In the Citation, he was a Lance-Corporal.
</div>
</div>
<div id="OLearyGraphTurtle" class="step" data-x="-2000" data-y="6000" data-z="-2400" data-rotate-y="90">
<p>
@prefix dbpedia: http://dbpedia.org/resource<br />
@prefix ex: http://www.example.com/<br />
<br />
ex:Michael_John_O'Leary is a dbpedia:Military_Person.<br />
ex:Michael_John_O'Leary ex:hasAward ex:VC3556.<br />
ex:Michael_John_O'Leary ex:hasRank ex:Sargeant.<br />
ex:Michael_John_O'Leary foaf:name "Michael John O'Leary".<br />
ex:Michael_John_O'Leary OWL:sameas dbpedia:Michael_John_O'Leary.<br />
ex:VC3556 ex:hasDate "1915-02-16^^XSD:Date".
</p>
<div class="notes">Note, I have not validated this and it's untested, so beware.</div>
</div>
<div id="RDFa" class="step" data-y="6000" data-x="0" data-rotate-y="90" data-z="-3600">
<p vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Person">
<span property="honorificPrefix">Major</span>
<span property="name">Michael John O'Leary</span>
<span property="award">VC</span>
(<span property="birthdate">29 September 1890</span> – <span property="deathdate">2 August 1961</span>)
was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the most prestigious award for gallantry
in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. <br />
<span property="sameAs"><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_John_O%27Leary">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_John_O%27Leary</a>
</span></p>
</div>
<div id="RDFaRevealed" class="step" data-y="4800" data-x="-2000" data-rotate-y="90" data-z="-4800">
<p>
<p vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Person"><br />
<span property="honorificPrefix">Major</span><br />
<span property="name">Michael John O'Leary</span><br />
<span property="award">VC</span><br />
(<span property="birthdate">29 September 1890</span><br /> – <span property="deathdate">2 August 1961</span>)<br />
was an Irish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the most prestigious award for gallantry
in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.<br />
<span property="sameAs"><br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_John_O%27Leary"><br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_John_O%27Leary<br />
</a><br />
</span><br />
</p>
</p>
<div class="notes">
Key question: is this <em>complete</em> with respect to schema, with respect to use cases?
</div>
</div>
<!-- Part 3 -->
<div id="publishing" class="step" data-y="7200" data-x="-1200">
<img src="img/LDMug.jpg"/>
<h1>Just get it online, whatever <em>it</em> is</h1>
</div>
<div id="whatToPublish" class="step" data-y="7200" data-x="0">
<h1>What data do we have?</h1>
<ul>
<li>CSV <i class="fa fa-database fa-lg"></i></li>
<li>PDF <i class="fa fa-exclamation-triangle fa-lg"></i></li>
<li>JPG <i class="fa fa-camera-retro fa-lg"></i></li>
<li>XML <i class="fa fa-file-code-o fa-lg"></i></li>
<li>TXT <i class="fa fa-file-text-o fa-lg"></i></li>
</ul>
<div class="notes">
Facts, Data, metadata. This is just thinking about the <em>data</em> level: not know information, which brings in questions of natural language, etc, or the <strong>knowledge</strong> level.
</div>
</div>
<div id="void" class="step" data-y="7200" data-x="1200">
<a href="http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/"><img src="img/lov.png" /></a>
<div class="notes">Void and LOV provide a way of making sure that you leverage the best concepts from vocabularies, and that you can document your schema to help users get the value.</div>
</div>
<div id="endpoint" class="step" data-y="7200" data-x="2400">
<div class="notes">
Describe the dataset
Interlinking statements
map from your data to your semantics (eg from database, writing rdf, etc)
REUSE, Interlink
</div>
</div>
<!-- Conclusions -->
<div id="openness" class="step" data-y="8200" data-x="0">
<img src="img/borrowcup.png" />
<div id="nonfunc">
<ul>
<li>Five-star Data</li>
<li>Endpoint Availability</li>
<li>Documentation</li>
<li>Provenance</li>
<li>Licensing</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="notes">
Openness is the key requirement for this, but it's not enough just to push content out of the nest.
Open Data has to be structured in an accessible way (right metadata, right format and written in best practice)
It also has to be sustained: that means using what's already out there, and being aware that you need to maintain it.
</div>
</div>
<div id="resources" class="step" data-x="1200" data-y="8200">
<div>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-primer/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/search/">http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/search/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://rdfa.info/">http://rdfa.info/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-primer/">http://www.w3.org/TR/skos-primer/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://5stardata.info/">http://5stardata.info/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://pro.europeana.eu/edm-documentation">http://pro.europeana.eu/edm-documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cidoc-crm.org/">http://www.cidoc-crm.org/</a></li></ul>
</div>
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