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Win10Deflate Automated Structure Extraction

Win10Deflate currently consists of the FLARE team's Volatility & Rekall plugins designed to support the extraction of compressed pages located in the RAM-backed virtual store. The structures required to decompress these pages are undocumented and ever-changing. The Win10Deflate Auto project locates these structures and extracts the corresponding magics & field-offsets of interest for use in FLARE's Volatility & Rekall plugins. The project leverages Tom Bennett's FLARE-EMU utility, which provides a series of helper functions to lower the barrier of entry to using the Unicorn Engine for emulation.

Setup

  1. Clone repository
  2. If flare_emu is installed on your machine, skip to Usage
  3. Use git submodule init & git submodule update to clone the FLARE-EMU repository locally

Usage

The Win10Deflate Auto script is designed to work in an IDA Pro 7.x environment in the context of a Windows 10 ntoskrnl.exe. Use Alt+F7 or File > Script File to load win10deflate_auto.py.

Output

Expected output will look similar to the output below (Win10.1809.x64).

INFO:Magic:MAGIC.SmGlobals: 0x55a9c0
INFO:Magic:MAGIC.MmPagingFile: 0x43e5e0
INFO:SMKM_STORE_MGR:SMKM_STORE_MGR.sSmKm: 0x0
INFO:SMKM_STORE_MGR:SMKM_STORE_MGR.sGlobalTree: 0x1c0
INFO:SMKM:SMKM.SmkmStoreMetadataArray: 0x0
INFO:SMKM_STORE_METADATA:SMKM_STORE_METADATA.Size: 0x28
INFO:SMKM_STORE_METADATA:SMKM_STORE_METADATA.pSmkmStore: 0x0
INFO:SMKM_STORE:SMKM_STORE.StStore: 0x0
INFO:SMKM_STORE:SMKM_STORE.pCompressedRegionPtrArray: 0x1848
INFO:SMKM_STORE:SMKM_STORE.StoreOwnerProcess: 0x19a8
INFO:ST_STORE:ST_STORE.StDataMgr: 0x50
INFO:ST_STORE:ST_DATA_MGR.sLocalTree: 0x0
INFO:ST_STORE:ST_DATA_MGR.ChunkMetadata: 0xc0
INFO:ST_STORE:ST_DATA_MGR.SmkmStore: 0x320
INFO:ST_STORE:ST_DATA_MGR.RegionSizeMask: 0x328
INFO:ST_STORE:ST_DATA_MGR.RegionLSB: 0x32c
INFO:ST_STORE:ST_DATA_MGR.CompressionFormat: 0x3e0

Functionality

The Win10Deflate automation script relies on known function arguments, callstacks, order of operation, and data manipulation within ntoskrnl.exe's Store Manager functions. By leveraging emulation via FLARE-EMU, arguments and structures can be injected into the system, traced, and then located to calculate field offsets in structures of interest.

Additional Reading

  1. Part 1 - Rekall & Volatility Announcement Blog
  2. Part 2 - Virtual Store Deep Dive Blog
  3. Part 3 - Automating Undocumented Structure Extraction Blog
  4. BlackHat USA 2019 Whitepaper