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 <title>Coding it my way</title>
  <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/"/>
 <updated>2024-05-01T17:58:18+05:30</updated>
 <id>https://madhur.co.in/blog/</id>
 <author>
   <name>Madhur Ahuja</name>
   <email>ahuja.madhur@gmail.com</email>
 </author>
 
 
 <entry>
   <title>My Homelab Update - Part I</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2024/05/01/my-homelab-update-part1.html"/>
   <updated>2024-05-01T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2024/05/01/my-homelab-update-part1</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/blog/2024/01/07/proxmox-user-friendly-urls.html&quot;&gt;Continuing my Homelab journey using Proxmox&lt;/a&gt;, I have setup a full fledged home network with multiple services running.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here is the quick diagram below for reference:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;/images/Blog/homenetwork.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the services I am running on my homenetwork as of now are&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/jellyfin/jellyfin&quot;&gt;Jellyfin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/Athou/commafeed&quot;&gt;Commmafeed&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus&quot;&gt;Prometheus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/grafana/grafana&quot;&gt;Grafana&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/NginxProxyManager/nginx-proxy-manager&quot;&gt;Nginx Proxy Manager&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://snapdrop.net/&quot;&gt;Snapdrop&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/louislam/uptime-kuma&quot;&gt;Uptime Kuma&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/dgtlmoon/changedetection.io&quot;&gt;Change Detection&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/qbittorrent/qBittorrent&quot;&gt;qBittorrent&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/OliveTin/OliveTin&quot;&gt;Olivetin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden&quot;&gt;Vaultwarden&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/binwiederhier/ntfy&quot;&gt;ntfy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some of the things I am trying to solve:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Easily able to VPN from outside to access my password manager, RSS feeds, media etc&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Get rid of &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pfsense.org/&quot;&gt;PfSense&lt;/a&gt;, PfSense is good but I feel its overkill for my needs.&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Evaluate &lt;a href=&quot;https://tailscale.com/&quot;&gt;Tailscale&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wireguard.com/&quot;&gt;Wireguard&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://openvpn.net/&quot;&gt;OpenVPN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;And finally,&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;Having less power bill while powering my Proxmox server 24x7 :)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Stay tuned for further updates if you are interested.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Quick Websockets client in Python</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2024/04/13/quick-websockets-client-python.html"/>
   <updated>2024-04-13T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2024/04/13/quick-websockets-client-python</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;When interacting with lot of websockets server, you need a nifty client to test out the behaviour of websocket server.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Till now, I have been using &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/websockets/wscat&quot;&gt;wscat&lt;/a&gt; as the command line utility to interact with websockets server.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, this command line utility has several disadvantages:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;It doesn’t allow you to send custom ping messages&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;It doesn’t support authentication&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Due to these limitations, I wrote a simple python script below which can send a custom ping payload.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This little script helps to quickly test out websocket servers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-python highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kn&quot;&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nn&quot;&gt;websocket&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kn&quot;&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nn&quot;&gt;json&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;session_id&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;12345&quot;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ready_message&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;type&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;setup&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;sid&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;session_id&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;time&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;1712393684026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;src&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;79677227&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ping_payload&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;type&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;heartbeatreq&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;time&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;1712393714042&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;src&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;79677227&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nf&quot;&gt;on_message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;Received: &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nf&quot;&gt;on_ping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;Got a ping! A pong reply has already been automatically sent.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nf&quot;&gt;on_pong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;send&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nf&quot;&gt;on_open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;sending ready&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ready_msg&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;json&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;dumps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ready_message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;send&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ready_msg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nf&quot;&gt;on_error&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;def&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nf&quot;&gt;on_close&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;close_status_code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;close_reason&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;closed&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;close_reason&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;close_status_code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;websocket&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;WebSocketApp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;ws://localhost:8080&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_message&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_ping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_ping&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_pong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_pong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_error&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_error&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_close&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;on_close&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wsapp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;run_forever&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ping_interval&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ping_timeout&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ping_payload&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;json&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;dumps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ping_payload&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;  

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Building RediSearch module in Amazon Linux 2</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2024/03/08/building-redisearch-module.html"/>
   <updated>2024-03-08T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2024/03/08/building-redisearch-module</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;RediSearch is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://redis.io/&quot;&gt;Redis&lt;/a&gt; module that provides querying, secondary indexing, and full-text search for Redis. To use RediSearch, you first declare indexes on your Redis data. You can then use the RediSearch query language to query that data.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a very good &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/RediSearch/redisearch-getting-started&quot;&gt;RediSearch getting started&lt;/a&gt; tutorial on github.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are several steps in bulding RediSearch module. The following steps worked on Amazon Linux 2 machine for us:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;yum &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;install &lt;/span&gt;git perl perl-DateTime perl-JSON perl-Capture-Tiny
git clone https://github.com/RediSearch/RediSearch.git
wget https://github.com/linux-test-project/lcov/releases/download/v2.0/lcov-2.0-1.noarch.rpm
rpm &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-ivh&lt;/span&gt; /root/lcov-2.0-1.noarch.rpm
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;cd &lt;/span&gt;RediSearch
make setup
make build

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;At this point, the module should be built at the following location&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;./RediSearch/bin/linux-x64-release/search/redisearch.so
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Copy it to &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/redis&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;cp&lt;/span&gt; /root/RediSearch/bin/linux-x64-release/search/redisearch.so  /etc/redis/

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The module can be activated in redis conf as follows:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;loadmodule /etc/redis/redisearch.so
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Websocket - Close Status codes</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2024/02/11/websocket-close-status-codes.html"/>
   <updated>2024-02-11T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2024/02/11/websocket-close-status-codes</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;h3 id=&quot;a-table-for-reference&quot;&gt;A table for reference&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;table&gt;
  &lt;thead&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;th&gt;Close code (uint16)&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;th&gt;Codename&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;th&gt;Internal&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;th&gt;Customizable&lt;/th&gt;
      &lt;th&gt;Description&lt;/th&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/thead&gt;
  &lt;tbody&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;0 - 999&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Unused&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1000&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;CLOSE_NORMAL&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Successful operation / regular socket shutdown&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1001&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;CLOSE_GOING_AWAY&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Client is leaving (browser tab closing)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1002&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;CLOSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Endpoint received a malformed frame&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1003&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;CLOSE_UNSUPPORTED&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Endpoint received an unsupported frame (e.g. binary-only endpoint received text frame)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1004&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Reserved&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1005&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;CLOSED_NO_STATUS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Expected close status, received none&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1006&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;CLOSE_ABNORMAL&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No close code frame has been receieved&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1007&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Unsupported payload&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Endpoint received inconsistent message (e.g. malformed UTF-8)&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1008&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Policy violation&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Generic code used for situations other than 1003 and 1009&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1009&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;CLOSE_TOO_LARGE&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Endpoint won’t process large frame&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1010&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mandatory extension&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Client wanted an extension which server did not negotiate&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1011&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Server error&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Internal server error while operating&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1012&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Service restart&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Server/service is restarting&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1013&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Try again later&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Temporary server condition forced blocking client’s request&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1014&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bad gateway&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Server acting as gateway received an invalid response&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1015&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;&lt;em&gt;TLS handshake fail&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Transport Layer Security handshake failure&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;1016 - 1999&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Reserved for later&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;2000 - 2999&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Reserved for websocket extensions&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;3000 - 3999&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Registered first come first serve at IANA&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
    &lt;tr&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;4000 - 4999&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt; &lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;No&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Yes&lt;/td&gt;
      &lt;td&gt;Available for applications&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
  &lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Proxmox - Setting up user friendly urls</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2024/01/07/proxmox-user-friendly-urls.html"/>
   <updated>2024-01-07T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2024/01/07/proxmox-user-friendly-urls</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;I have been recently tinkering up with idea of setting up a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_server&quot;&gt;homelab&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-hosting_(web_services)&quot;&gt;self hosting&lt;/a&gt; few services
such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_server&quot;&gt;DNS Server&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_server&quot;&gt;Media server&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator&quot;&gt;RSS Aggregator&lt;/a&gt; etc along with some standard monitoring tools.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I evaluated two products, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.proxmox.com/en/&quot;&gt;Proxmox&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://unraid.net/&quot;&gt;Unraid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After evaluating both, I choose Proxmox primarily because it seemed to fit my needs more than Unraid. Unraid is primarily useful if you have lot of data which needs to be made available to multiple services.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Whereas, Proxmox seems more suitable to run independent services altogether, either in [Docker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docker_(software), &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machine&quot;&gt;VMs&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LXC&quot;&gt;Linux Containers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For me, the size of the data was not going to be very much, atleast initially and I found the idea of running an open source software (Proxmox) more appealing than one I had to purchase (Unraid).&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I had a spare 12 CORE / 32 GB machine on which I quickly setup Proxmox and I must say, I really like the way I was quickly able to run the following services in a day:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://jellyfin.org/&quot;&gt;Jellyfin&lt;/a&gt; - Media server&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/Athou/commafeed&quot;&gt;Commafeed&lt;/a&gt; - Open source RSS aggregator written in Java&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://pi-hole.net/&quot;&gt;PiHole&lt;/a&gt; - DNS Server with Ad Blocking&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.qbittorrent.org/&quot;&gt;qbittorrent&lt;/a&gt; - Torrent client&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://nginxproxymanager.com/&quot;&gt;Nginx Proxy Manager&lt;/a&gt; - A simple reverse proxy&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://prometheus.io/&quot;&gt;Prometheus&lt;/a&gt; - Well known time series database&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://grafana.com/&quot;&gt;Grafana&lt;/a&gt; - Well known visualization platform&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The cool thing about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.proxmox.com/en/&quot;&gt;Proxmox&lt;/a&gt; is that it uses a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ibm.com/topics/hypervisors&quot;&gt;Type 1 Hypervisor&lt;/a&gt; called &lt;a href=&quot;https://ubuntu.com/blog/kvm-hyphervisor&quot;&gt;Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)&lt;/a&gt; to run all the above mentioned services in &lt;a href=&quot;https://wiki.debian.org/LXC&quot;&gt;Linux Containers running on Debian Linux OS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;What that essentially means is that all these services get their own unique IP Addresses on my LAN network as opposed to all running on a single IP Addresses and exposing on different ports. Type 1 Hypervisor means that they are able to directly access machine hardware and do not have the any additional layer or overhead of resource hungry VM’s.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Each LXC takes around 200 - 300 MB of disk space and around 512 MB of RAM , making them all fit in a single commodity machine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One caveat of this approach is that now I have tons of IP addresses and ports for me to memorize to access these services when I require. Though I can bookmark them, I do not find it appealing.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hence, I decided to setup a reverse proxy in nginx for each of them in order for me to reach them through a very user friendly url. Here is the screenshot of the setup:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;/images/nginx.png&quot; height=&quot;600px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The above setup requires some manual setup of setting up a &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/hosts&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; file with appropriate entries as follows&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;# Hosts for nginx proxy manager
192.168.1.133 nginx
192.168.1.133 plexui
192.168.1.133 tui
192.168.1.133 jellyfinui
192.168.1.133 grafanaui
192.168.1.133 promui
192.168.1.133 zkui
192.168.1.133 piholeui
192.168.1.133 rssui

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;192.168.1.133&lt;/code&gt; is the IP Address of &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/NginxProxyManager/nginx-proxy-manager&quot;&gt;Nginx Proxy Manager&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With the above setup I can reach my services in friendly urls such as:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;http://plexui, http://tui, http://jellyfinui, http://grafanaui etc.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;using-pihole-for-dns-records-instead-of-static-host-file&quot;&gt;Using Pihole for DNS Records instead of static host file&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One might argue that these hosts entries need to be done in each individiaul client that needs to access Proxmox containers and is not a scaleable approach.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;That is correct, the reason I went with hosts file approach is that right now, I only have a single client - my desktop PC and I do not foresee running PiHole 24x7.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Incase, I choose PiHole as my permanent DNS resolver and AdBlocker, the scaleable way would be to add these entries in PiHole itself so that it becomes available to any client within my network.&lt;/p&gt;

</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Using Kitty hints to parse maven output</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/12/28/using-kitty-hints-parse-maven-output.html"/>
   <updated>2023-12-28T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/12/28/using-kitty-hints-parse-maven-output</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty&quot;&gt;Kitty&lt;/a&gt; is a very fast and feature rich terminal which has soon become my favourite.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One of the powerful features of Kitty is its customizability.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One such feature is &lt;a href=&quot;https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/kittens/hints/&quot;&gt;Kitty hints&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Kitty hints allows you to select text on terminal and perform an action through a shortcut key. It is completely customizeable.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Common kitty hints action include opening files, folders and opening web urls outputted in terminal.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One example where, I was able to customize it was to parse maven output and makes the file links clickable to land directly on the line numbers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For example, consider this build output:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  0.618 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2023-12-28T10:08:38+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.0:compile (default-compile) on project reactive-programming: Compilation failure: Compilation failure: 
[ERROR] /run/media/madhur/centos/home/madhur/github/personal/reactive-programming/src/main/java/in/co/madhur/mono/FileService.java:[17,9] invalid method declaration; return type required
[ERROR] /run/media/madhur/centos/home/madhur/github/personal/reactive-programming/src/main/java/in/co/madhur/mono/FileService.java:[17,20] illegal start of type
[ERROR] /run/media/madhur/centos/home/madhur/github/personal/reactive-programming/src/main/java/in/co/madhur/mono/Lec08MonoRunnable.java:[15,54] ';' expected
[ERROR] /run/media/madhur/centos/home/madhur/github/personal/reactive-programming/src/main/java/in/co/madhur/mono/Lec06SupplierRefactoring.java:[25,37] ';' expected
[ERROR] -&amp;gt; [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Using kitty hints, we can make the file paths to &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;FileService.java&lt;/code&gt; , &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;Lec08MonoRunnable.java&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;Lec06SupplierRefactoring.java&lt;/code&gt; clickable and land it directly on appropriate line numbers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This required writing custom regex to parse this line and emitting two named capturing groups &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;path&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;line&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This can be done in &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;kitty.conf&lt;/code&gt; as :&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-conf highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;map&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;kitty_mod&lt;/span&gt;+&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;kitten&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;hints&lt;/span&gt; --&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;type&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;regex&lt;/span&gt; --&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;regex&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;(?&amp;lt;path&amp;gt;(?:\/[\w-_^ ]+)+\/?(?:[\w.])+[^.]):\[(?&amp;lt;line&amp;gt;\d+),\d+\].?&quot;&lt;/span&gt; --&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;program&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;launch /home/madhur/scripts/editor.py&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;editor.py&lt;/code&gt; is a simple program which is invoked with parameters &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;path=...../FileService.java&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;line=17&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In my case, I launch &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/neovim/neovim&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;Neovim&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;IntelliJ&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; depending upon if &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;Intellij&lt;/code&gt; is previously running.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This can be simply done through following snippet:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-python highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;c1&quot;&gt;#!/usr/bin/env python3
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kn&quot;&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nn&quot;&gt;sys&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kn&quot;&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nn&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kn&quot;&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nn&quot;&gt;subprocess&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;myObject&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;line&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;sys&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;argv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'='&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;not&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;line&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;continue&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;line&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;value&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;line&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rstrip&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;split&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;=&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;myObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;key&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;value&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;myObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;idea_running&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;bp&quot;&gt;False&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;pl&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;subprocess&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Popen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;([&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'ps'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'aux'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;stdout&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;subprocess&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;PIPE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;communicate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;list_ps&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;pl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;decode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'utf-8'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'intellij'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;list_ps&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;idea_running&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;bp&quot;&gt;True&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;idea_running&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;is&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;bp&quot;&gt;True&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;and&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'java'&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;myObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'path'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;]:&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;Intellij found&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;flatpak run com.jetbrains.IntelliJ-IDEA-Community &quot;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;myObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'path'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;else&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;print&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;Intellij not found&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;system&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;nvim &quot;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot; +&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;myObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'line'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;myObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'path'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Android SSL Pinning Bypass</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/12/05/android-ssl-pinning-bypass.html"/>
   <updated>2023-12-05T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/12/05/android-ssl-pinning-bypass</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;I have always been a tinkerer and loved to explore internal of applications.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Android has always fascinated me from the beginning partly because its mostly open source and allows you to customize. Other aspect of Android which has been useful is &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooting_(Android)&quot;&gt;Rooting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rooting allows you to take complete control over the application and customize some of the aspects which are not possible in non-rooted Android.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One area where rooting helps is capturing SSL network traffic of the applications. This helps in debugging and learning more about how networks works. In this post, we will see how can we capture the network traffic for inspection in Android. This is mostly for debugging and learning purpose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;apk-mitm&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/shroudedcode/apk-mitm&quot;&gt;Apk-mitm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;

&lt;p&gt;APK mitm tools modified the original Android application to disable the SSL Pinning. This tool relies on &lt;a href=&quot;https://apktool.org/&quot;&gt;apktool&lt;/a&gt; heavily.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This tool always doesn’t work. Recently there has been lot of &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/shroudedcode/apk-mitm/issues/141&quot;&gt;issues&lt;/a&gt; which have no solutions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, if it works, this is the most easiest and straightforward way as the modified app can be installed on non-rooted device and just inspected through proxy such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.charlesproxy.com/&quot;&gt;Charles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;android-unpinner&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/mitmproxy/android-unpinner&quot;&gt;Android Unpinner&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This tool is different from Apk Mitm in a way that it bypasses the SSL pinning code only at runtime. Thus, you no longer have to disassemble and repackage the application.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This tool relies heavily on &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/frida/frida-tools&quot;&gt;Frida tools&lt;/a&gt; for its job.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Again, this tool is not gauranteed to work 100% of the time.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;rooting&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooting_(Android)&quot;&gt;Rooting&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you can root your device, it is very easy to capture network traffic even if its from SSL pinned app. However, rooting can destroy warranty.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These days, most of the Android apps, will refuse to start if they detect that they are running on a rooted software.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hence, this option is only viable if you have a spare device.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;rooted-avd&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gitlab.com/newbit/rootAVD&quot;&gt;Rooted AVD&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is my most preferred method and mostly always works. Since the purpose of network inspection is mostly debugging and learning, we can do it on AVD instead of actual device.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://gitlab.com/newbit/rootAVD&quot;&gt;rootAVD&lt;/a&gt; allows you to seemlessly root the running AVD device, using the simple command&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;./rootAVD.sh system-images/android-33/google_apis_playstore/x86_64/ramdisk.img

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;where &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;system-images/android-33/google_apis_playstore/x86_64/ramdisk.img&lt;/code&gt; is the path of AVD devices relative to &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;$ANDROID_HOME&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Next step, would be to install &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/NVISOsecurity/MagiskTrustUserCerts&quot;&gt;MagiskTrustUserCerts&lt;/a&gt; module of &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/topjohnwu/Magisk&quot;&gt;Magisk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;This module makes all installed user certificates part of the system certificate store, so that they will 
automatically be used when building the trust chain. This module makes it unnecessary to add the 
network_security_config property to an application’s manifest.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Once installed, your Magisk modules section should look like this&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;/images/magisk.png&quot; height=&quot;600px&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Now, the only step remaining is enabling proxy to intercept traffic. I use &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.charlesproxy.com/&quot;&gt;Charles proxy&lt;/a&gt; and this opens the port 8888 for listening to traffic.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Enabling proxy on AVD is as simple as executing:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;adb shell settings put global http_proxy 192.168.1.252:8888 

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;where &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;192.168.1.252&lt;/code&gt; is the local IP address of the host machine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Disabling proxy can be done using:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;adb shell settings put global http_proxy :0
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;

&lt;p&gt;If you guys have been using more preferred way to inspect SSL traffic. Let me know in the comments.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Transfer files from k8s or docker shell to other host</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/11/14/transfer-files-from-shell-k8s.html"/>
   <updated>2023-11-14T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/11/14/transfer-files-from-shell-k8s</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;If you are anytime stuck in a shell where you want to transfer files out of it, and do not have full access such as &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;kubectl&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;docker exec&lt;/code&gt;. Here is the nifty hack:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;method-1-using-ngrok&quot;&gt;Method 1 (Using ngrok):&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Run a ngrok tunnel on the target computer&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ngrok http 5000
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Run a simple node program to capture request body&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;language-javascript highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kd&quot;&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;express&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;require&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;dl&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;express&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;dl&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kd&quot;&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;app&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;express&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kd&quot;&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;port&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;80&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;kd&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;bodyParser&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;require&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;dl&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;body-parser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;dl&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;app&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;dl&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;dl&quot;&gt;'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;req&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;res&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;console&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;log&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;req&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;body&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;);&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;app&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;listen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;console&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;log&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;`Example app listening at http://localhost:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;${&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nx&quot;&gt;port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;`&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The disadvantage of this method is that post body size will be limited by terms dictated by &lt;a href=&quot;https://ngrok.com/&quot;&gt;ngrok&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Another disadvantage is that you cannot use this to transfer sensitive info.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h3 id=&quot;method-2-using-netcat&quot;&gt;Method 2 (using Netcat)&lt;/h3&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Run the &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcat&quot;&gt;netcat&lt;/a&gt; server on the target computer&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;nc &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-l&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-p&lt;/span&gt; 5000  &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; file.txt &amp;lt; /dev/null 
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Stream the file to the port from the source shell&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;cat &lt;/span&gt;anyfile.txt | netcat server.ip.here 5000
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here the target computer needs to be on internet. It can done via ngrok tcp tunnel or a small EC2 instance.&lt;/p&gt;

</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Intellij cannot launch because 'process 2' already running</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/10/30/cannot-start-intellij.html"/>
   <updated>2023-10-30T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/10/30/cannot-start-intellij</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;I have occasionally got the error while starting &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/&quot;&gt;IntelliJ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;IntelliJ cannot launch because 'process 2' already running
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The process ID sometimes changed, restarting or even re-installing Intellij doesn’t solve the problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I run the &lt;a href=&quot;https://flatpak.org/&quot;&gt;Flatpak&lt;/a&gt; version of &lt;a href=&quot;https://flathub.org/apps/com.jetbrains.IntelliJ-IDEA-Community&quot;&gt;IntelliJ&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are multiple threads for this online which suggest different solutions:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/13541697317906-Error-while-opening-intellij-Cannot-connect-to-already-running-IDE-instance-Exception-Process-2-837-is-still-running-&quot;&gt;https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/13541697317906-Error-while-opening-intellij-Cannot-connect-to-already-running-IDE-instance-Exception-Process-2-837-is-still-running-&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/10865358461202-Intellij-cannot-launch-because-process-2-already-running&quot;&gt;https://intellij-support.jetbrains.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/10865358461202-Intellij-cannot-launch-because-process-2-already-running&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://askubuntu.com/questions/1462372/ubuntu-cannot-launch-intellij-anymore&quot;&gt;https://askubuntu.com/questions/1462372/ubuntu-cannot-launch-intellij-anymore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reddit.com/r/pycharm/comments/15esk6r/cannot_connect_to_already_running_ide_instance/&quot;&gt;https://www.reddit.com/r/pycharm/comments/15esk6r/cannot_connect_to_already_running_ide_instance/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The root of the problem is the &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;.lock&lt;/code&gt; file which IntelliJ creates while starting up. If there is a unclean shutdown, there are chances that this file will exist and the product will throw the mentioned error.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Solution is to simply delete this file. This file resides in the preferences folder, which can be anywhere depending on the Operating System.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For me it resided in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; ~/.var/app/com.jetbrains.IntelliJ-IDEA-Community/config/JetBrains/IdeaIC2023.2/.lock
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;simply deleting this file, solves the problem.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For Mac OS, this file would potentially reside in&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/Library/Application Support/JetBrains/
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Recovering from Arch Boot failure</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/09/30/recovering-from-arch-boot.html"/>
   <updated>2023-09-30T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/09/30/recovering-from-arch-boot</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Recently I faced boot failure after upgrading my &lt;a href=&quot;https://archlinux.org/&quot;&gt;Arch Linux&lt;/a&gt; system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The error was&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ERROR: device &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;'UUID=1dd743ed-e0a5-4b0c-80ee-186e89eea401'&lt;/span&gt; not found. Skipping fsck.
mount: /new_root: can&lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;'t find UUID=1dd743ed-e0a5-4b0c-80ee-186e89eea401.
ERROR: failed to mount '&lt;/span&gt;1dd743ed-e0a5-4b0c-80ee-186e89eea401&lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;' on real root
You are now being dropped into an emergency shell.
sh: can'&lt;/span&gt;t access &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;tty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; job control turned off
&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;rootfs ~]# _

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This could happen while building errorneous &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_ramdisk&quot;&gt;initramfs&lt;/a&gt; image&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It was evident from &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/var/log/pacman.log&lt;/code&gt; logs&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM] running '90-mkinitcpio-install.hook'...
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset: 'default'
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Using configuration file: '/etc/mkinitcpio.conf'
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; -k /boot/vmlinuz-linux -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-linux.img
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Starting build: '6.5.2-arch1-1'
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [base]
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [udev]
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [autodetect]
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] sort: cannot read: '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:08:00.3/usb3/3-1/3-1.2/3-1.2:1.2/ep_04/uevent': No such file or directory
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] modprobe: ERROR: missing parameters. See -h.
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [modconf]
[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [block]
[2023-10-04T20:36:27+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [keyboard]
[2023-10-04T20:36:27+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [keymap]
[2023-10-04T20:36:27+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [consolefont]
[2023-10-04T20:36:27+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: consolefont: no font found in configuration
[2023-10-04T20:36:27+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [filesystems]
[2023-10-04T20:36:27+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [fsck]
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Generating module dependencies
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Creating zstd-compressed initcpio image: '/boot/initramfs-linux.img'
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Image generation successful
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Building image from preset: /etc/mkinitcpio.d/linux.preset: 'fallback'
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Using configuration file: '/etc/mkinitcpio.conf'
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; -k /boot/vmlinuz-linux -c /etc/mkinitcpio.conf -g /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img -S autodetect
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Starting build: '6.5.2-arch1-1'
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [base]
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [udev]
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [modconf]
[2023-10-04T20:36:28+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [block]
[2023-10-04T20:36:29+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'qed'
[2023-10-04T20:36:29+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'bfa'
[2023-10-04T20:36:29+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'qla2xxx'
[2023-10-04T20:36:29+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'aic94xx'
[2023-10-04T20:36:29+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'wd719x'
[2023-10-04T20:36:29+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'qla1280'
[2023-10-04T20:36:30+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: 'xhci_pci'
[2023-10-04T20:36:31+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [keyboard]
[2023-10-04T20:36:32+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [keymap]
[2023-10-04T20:36:32+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [consolefont]
[2023-10-04T20:36:32+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; WARNING: consolefont: no font found in configuration
[2023-10-04T20:36:32+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [filesystems]
[2023-10-04T20:36:33+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET]   -&amp;gt; Running build hook: [fsck]
[2023-10-04T20:36:34+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Generating module dependencies
[2023-10-04T20:36:34+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Creating zstd-compressed initcpio image: '/boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img'
[2023-10-04T20:36:35+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] ==&amp;gt; Image generation successful

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The line which caused the issue during image generation:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[2023-10-04T20:36:26+0530] [ALPM-SCRIPTLET] sort: cannot read: '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:08:00.3/usb3/3-1/3-1.2/3-1.2:1.2/ep_04/uevent': No such file or directory
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The solution to recover was to boot to another OS. I run CentOS Steam 8 as a dual boot. And then mount the root file system of arch on path &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/run/media/madhur/arch&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Run the following commands&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-shell highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mount &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-t&lt;/span&gt; proc /proc proc/
mount &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-t&lt;/span&gt; sysfs /sys sys/
mount &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;--rbind&lt;/span&gt; /dev dev/
mount &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;--rbind&lt;/span&gt; /sys/firmware/efi/efivars sys/firmware/efi/efivars/
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;chroot&lt;/span&gt; /run/media/madhur/arch
mikinitcpio &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-p&lt;/span&gt; linux

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The final command will generate the new initramfs image&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More information about this issue can be found in this &lt;a href=&quot;https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=289336&quot;&gt;thread&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Ansible roles for installing and configuring Vitess</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/08/30/ansible-vitess.html"/>
   <updated>2023-08-30T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/08/30/ansible-vitess</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;h3 id=&quot;what-is-vitess&quot;&gt;What is vitess?&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Vitess is a scaleable databases built on top of MySQL. One key feature of vitess is that it supports sharding.
Checkout &lt;a href=&quot;https://vitess.io/&quot;&gt;Vitess website&lt;/a&gt; for more information&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As part of working with Vitess, I have provisioned a &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/madhur/ansible-vitess&quot;&gt;set of Ansible roles&lt;/a&gt; which help in setting up Vitess in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vagrantup.com/&quot;&gt;vagrant&lt;/a&gt; / staging / production infrastructure.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Check out the &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/madhur/ansible-vitess&quot;&gt;github repo&lt;/a&gt; for more information.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Creating vagrant basebox</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/07/30/creating-vagrant-base-box.html"/>
   <updated>2023-07-30T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/07/30/creating-vagrant-base-box</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;For me, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.vagrantup.com/&quot;&gt;Vagrant&lt;/a&gt; is the ultimate tool to simulate production like envrionments in the development machine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Some people prefer &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.docker.com/&quot;&gt;Docker&lt;/a&gt; as an alternative to Vagrant, because of being lightweight and quick to provision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, I feel Docker and Vagrant have their own places and their responsibilities do not overlap. Let me explain why.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Docker is good for running application services. Ultimately, now a days, since production code is deployed in containers itself, docker provides good testing ground for testing out &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/&quot;&gt;Dockerfile&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/images/&quot;&gt;images&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;Though application services are deployed on containers, the stateful sets have not really reached that maturity stage where the persistent stores are deployed in containers.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Organizations still prefer to run the &lt;a href=&quot;https://cassandra.apache.org/_/index.html&quot;&gt;Cassandra&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://redis.io/&quot;&gt;Redis&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mongodb.com/&quot;&gt;MongoDB&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mysql.com/&quot;&gt;MySQL&lt;/a&gt; in the cloud VM’s  if those are self hosted, instead of the containers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is where Vagrant becomes a crucial tool for sysadmins.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Any sysadmin, who manages such infrastructure would find Vagrant an incredibly useful tool to replicate the entire setup on development environment and test out any changes in its development environment before proceeding to higher environments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For example, someone testing out the Cassandra DB cluster upgrade, can test it out in Vagrant environment before doing it in staging / production environment. This can help save cost.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are &lt;a href=&quot;https://app.vagrantup.com/boxes/search&quot;&gt;Vagrant boxes&lt;/a&gt; available for each and every popular Operating systems such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://app.vagrantup.com/centos/boxes/7&quot;&gt;CentOS 7&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://app.vagrantup.com/generic/boxes/centos8&quot;&gt;CentOS 8&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://app.vagrantup.com/debian/boxes/jessie64&quot;&gt;Debian&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/search?q=vagrant+mysql&amp;amp;type=repositories&quot;&gt;Github&lt;/a&gt; is full of open source scripts to provision any type of server with Vagrant.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Sometimes, it is helpful to create your own &lt;a href=&quot;https://developer.hashicorp.com/vagrant/docs/boxes/base&quot;&gt;Vagrant base box&lt;/a&gt; in order to avoid downloading big dependencies from package repositories such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://wiki.debian.org/apt-get#:~:text=apt%2Dget%20is%20a%20tool,part%20of%20the%20DebianPackageManagement%20system.&quot;&gt;apt&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html-single/managing_software_with_the_dnf_tool/index&quot;&gt;dnf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The dependencies can be packaged inside Vagrant basebox itself so that when the box is provisioned, there is no need to download these cut shorting the time to provision.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Recently, I had such a scenario and found some important tips when creating own vagrant boxes.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;The official guidelines for creating base box for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.virtualbox.org/&quot;&gt;Virtualbox&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;a href=&quot;https://developer.hashicorp.com/vagrant/docs/providers/virtualbox/boxes&quot;&gt;https://developer.hashicorp.com/vagrant/docs/providers/virtualbox/boxes&lt;/a&gt; recommends installing &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html&quot;&gt;Virtual Box guest additions&lt;/a&gt; in the basebox. Infact, it has been listed as a must.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;blockquote&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;VirtualBox Guest Additions must be installed so that things such as shared folders can function. Installing guest additions also usually improves performance since the guest OS can make some optimizations by knowing it is running within VirtualBox.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is one of the most illogical and idiotic advice according to me. Because, VirtualBox Guest additions package is tied to specific version of VirtualBox. Once you install VirtualBox Guest additions package and later upgrade or downgrade VirtualBox version, it is of no use. This creates a tight coupling between the consumer (developer) and the Vagrant Base box. According to me, installing Virtual Box Guest Additions package is best avoided unless you really need fancy two way synchronizations between host and guest folders, which I believe no serious sysadmin should care about.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;When you provision a Vagrant box, the folder in which &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;Vagrantfile&lt;/code&gt; resides is mounted inside the guest machine as &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/vagrant&lt;/code&gt;. Before executing &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;vagrant package --base basebox&lt;/code&gt;, which triggers the creation of basebox, make sure to delete the &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/vagrant&lt;/code&gt; folder else it will be packaged as a regular folder inside the basebox which in most cases you don’t want.&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;It is very important to keep the size of basebox as small as possible to make sure it does not occupy huge disk space when boxes are provisioned from the base box. Vagrant does the compression of the basebox, however it does the compression based on the binary analysis of the disk. If there has been lot of files in and out of the box, even after deleting those files, the space won’t be reclaimed by vagrant compression. Hence its best to zero out the empty space before initiating creation of box using&lt;/p&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-bash highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Zero free space to aid VM compression&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Zero free space to aid VM compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;dd &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/dev/zero &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/EMPTY &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;bs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;1M
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt; /EMPTY
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The above step should take care of filling the empty space with zeroes which vagrant would be able to compress out signifcantly.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;If you care about the space optimzation very deeply, there are certain files such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/&quot;&gt;man pages&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging_(computing)&quot;&gt;log files&lt;/a&gt; which can be removed from Linux OS. Have a look at this &lt;a href=&quot;https://gist.github.com/carlessanagustin/2fb92e88f2068300a2ed&quot;&gt;gist&lt;/a&gt; for such tweaks to optimize. I am recopying the gist below incase gist is later unavailable:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-bash highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#!/bin/sh&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Credits to:&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#  - http://vstone.eu/reducing-vagrant-box-size/&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#  - https://github.com/mitchellh/vagrant/issues/343&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#  - https://gist.github.com/adrienbrault/3775253&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;## for vagrant related tasks, uncomment vagrant comments&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# vagrant: Unmount project&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#printf &quot;STEP: vagrant: Unmount project\n&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#umount /vagrant&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Remove APT cache&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Remove APT cache&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
apt-get clean &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-y&lt;/span&gt;
apt-get autoclean &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-y&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Zero free space to aid VM compression&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Zero free space to aid VM compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;dd &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/dev/zero &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/EMPTY &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;bs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;1M
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt; /EMPTY
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Remove APT files&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Zero free space to aid VM compression&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
find /var/lib/apt &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-type&lt;/span&gt; f | xargs &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Remove documentation files&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Remove documentation files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
find /var/lib/doc &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-type&lt;/span&gt; f | xargs &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# vagrant: Remove Virtualbox specific files&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#printf &quot;STEP: vagrant: Remove Virtualbox specific files\n&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#rm -rf /usr/src/vboxguest* /usr/src/virtualbox-ose-guest*&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Remove Linux headers&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Remove Linux headers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-rf&lt;/span&gt; /usr/src/linux-headers&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Remove Unused locales (edit for your needs, this keeps only en* and pt_BR)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Remove Unused locales (edit for your needs, this keeps only en* and pt_BR)
find&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt; 
find /usr/share/locale/&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;af,am,ar,as,ast,az,bal,be,bg,bn,bn_IN,br,bs,byn,ca,cr,cs,csb,cy,da,de,de_AT,dz,el,en_AU,en_CA,eo,es,et,et_EE,eu,fa,fi,fo,fr,fur,ga,gez,gl,gu,haw,he,hi,hr,hu,hy,id,is,it,ja,ka,kk,km,kn,ko,kok,ku,ky,lg,lt,lv,mg,mi,mk,ml,mn,mr,ms,mt,nb,ne,nl,nn,no,nso,oc,or,pa,pl,ps,qu,ro,ru,rw,si,sk,sl,so,sq,sr,sr&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;latin,sv,sw,ta,te,th,ti,tig,tk,tl,tr,tt,ur,urd,ve,vi,wa,wal,wo,xh,zh,zh_HK,zh_CN,zh_TW,zu&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-type&lt;/span&gt; d &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-delete&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Remove bash history&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Remove bash history&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;unset &lt;/span&gt;HISTFILE
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-f&lt;/span&gt; /root/.bash_history

&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# vagrant: Remove bash history&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#printf &quot;STEP: vagrant: Remove bash history\n&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;#rm -f /home/vagrant/.bash_history&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Cleanup log files&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Cleanup log files&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
find /var/log &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-type&lt;/span&gt; f | &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;while &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;read &lt;/span&gt;f&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;echo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-ne&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;''&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;$f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Whiteout root&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Whiteout root&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sb&quot;&gt;`&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;df&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;--sync&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-kP&lt;/span&gt; / | &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;tail&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-n1&lt;/span&gt;  | &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;awk&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-F&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;' '&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;'{print $4}'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sb&quot;&gt;`&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;$((&lt;/span&gt;count &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;-=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;dd &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/dev/zero &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/tmp/whitespace &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;bs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;1024 &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;$count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; /tmp/whitespace&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Whiteout /boot&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Whiteout /boot&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sb&quot;&gt;`&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;df&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;--sync&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-kP&lt;/span&gt; /boot | &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;tail&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-n1&lt;/span&gt; | &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;awk&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-F&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;' '&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;'{print $4}'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sb&quot;&gt;`&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;$((&lt;/span&gt;count &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;-=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;dd &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/dev/zero &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/boot/whitespace &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;bs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;1024 &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;$count&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;rm&lt;/span&gt; /boot/whitespace&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
 
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;# Whiteout swap &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;printf&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;STEP: Whiteout swap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s2&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;swappart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sb&quot;&gt;`&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;cat&lt;/span&gt; /proc/swaps | &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;tail&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-n1&lt;/span&gt; | &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;awk&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nt&quot;&gt;-F&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;' '&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s1&quot;&gt;'{print $1}'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;sb&quot;&gt;`&lt;/span&gt;
swapoff &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;$swappart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;dd &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;/dev/zero &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;$swappart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
mkswap &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;$swappart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;
swapon &lt;span class=&quot;nv&quot;&gt;$swappart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>Process huge log files</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/06/10/processing-huge-log-files.html"/>
   <updated>2023-06-10T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/06/10/processing-huge-log-files</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Recently, I was faced with a situation where I had to process huge (in order of several gigabytes) log files.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The log files consisted of either &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values&quot;&gt;CSV format&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/application/load-balancer-access-logs.html&quot;&gt;AWS ALB logs format&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Here the process means, I had to process each row to either filter it or store the valuable information from it for later analysis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First, I attempted with python to parse it with the simple logic&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-python highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;file_name&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;home&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'/Downloads/huge_file.csv'&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filtered_rows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;with&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'./filtered.csv'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'w'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;newline&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;as&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csvfile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
     &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;dict_writer&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;DictWriter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csvfile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;client_ip&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;target_processing_time&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;target_status_code&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;received_bytes&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;request_url&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;request_creation_time&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;ssl_protocol&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;trace_id&quot;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;])&lt;/span&gt;
     &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;with&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;open&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;file_name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;mode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;'r'&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;as&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv_file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv_reader&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;DictReader&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv_file&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;line_count&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;
        &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ow&quot;&gt;in&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv_reader&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class=&quot;c1&quot;&gt;# Do some processing
&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filtered_rows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;append&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;obj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
            &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;dict_writer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;writerow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;obj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The above program reads the CSV line by line and optionally writes few columns of it to another file.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This was done on a 12 GB CSV file and it took 4-5 hours.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I was not satisfied with it as I had to do multiple iterations on multiple such files. There had to be a better way.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Turned to &lt;a href=&quot;https://go.dev/&quot;&gt;Go&lt;/a&gt; due to its concurrency features&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://pkg.go.dev/encoding/csv&quot;&gt;encoding/csv&lt;/a&gt; package in go which can help read the CSV files. However, it is single threaded and does not make use of multiple goroutines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Came across another package &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/actforgood/bigcsvreader&quot;&gt;github.com/actforgood/bigcsvreader&lt;/a&gt; which can help read the big CSV files with the use of multiple routines.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Quickly wrote a program which reads the bunch of huge CSV files in a folder and applies processing logic to it. Below is the sample snippet:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The below program reads the folder of log files and processes each one after another. However, since the reading is done using multiple goroutines, the below program can process 12 GB of ALB log file in matter of few seconds. The log files in my case was the list of ALB log files from AWS. Note that ALB log files are space character separated.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Also, if the files are huge, we need to increase the buffer space in library so that its heap memory does not runs out.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-go highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ColumnsDelimiter&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;sc&quot;&gt;' '&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;BufferSize&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;81920&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;processRow()&lt;/code&gt; function receives each row and based on the process / filtering criteria publishes the data of type &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;ALBLog&lt;/code&gt; on the &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/code&gt; channel.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is another inline goroutine which reads all the data from &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/code&gt; channel and writes it to &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;filtered.csv&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-go highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;package&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;main&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;import&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;context&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;encoding/csv&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;fmt&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;log&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;os&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;strings&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;sync&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;sync/atomic&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;github.com/actforgood/bigcsvreader&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;net/url&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;const&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;noOfColumns&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowCount&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;type&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ALBLog&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;struct&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ClientIP&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TargetProcessingTime&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TargetStatusCode&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ReceivedBytes&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RequestUrl&lt;/span&gt;           &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RequestCreationTime&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;SSLProtocol&lt;/span&gt;          &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TraceID&lt;/span&gt;              &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RawRow&lt;/span&gt;               &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;type&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;count32&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;count32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;inc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;atomic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;AddInt32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;((&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;count32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;get&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;atomic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;LoadInt32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;((&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;count32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;reset&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;atomic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;StoreInt32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;((&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;),&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;counter&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;count32&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;main&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;homedir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;UserHomeDir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csvLocation&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;homedir&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;/logs/&quot;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;entries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ReadDir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csvLocation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;no&quot;&gt;nil&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;log&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Fatal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TotalProcessRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;FilteredProcessedRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int&lt;/span&gt;
	
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Create&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;filtered.csv&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;NewWriter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Write&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;([]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;request_url&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;target_processing_time&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;})&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Flush&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Close&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;range&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;entries&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;strings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;HasSuffix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(),&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;.log&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;totalRows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filteredRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;processFile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csvLocation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Name&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;())&lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TotalProcessRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TotalProcessRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;totalRows&lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;FilteredProcessedRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;FilteredProcessedRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filteredRows&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fmt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Fprintf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Stdout&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;Total Rows: %d Filtered Rows: %d&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TotalProcessRows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;FilteredProcessedRows&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;processFile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csvLocation&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fileName&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;counter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;reset&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;// initialize the big csv reader&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigcsvreader&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;New&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;SetFilePath&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csvLocation&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fileName&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ColumnsCount&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;noOfColumns&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;MaxGoroutinesNo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;BufferSize&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;81920&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;FileHasHeader&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;no&quot;&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ColumnsDelimiter&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;sc&quot;&gt;' '&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ctx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;cancelCtx&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;WithCancel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;context&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Background&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;())&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;defer&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;cancelCtx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wg&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;sync&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;WaitGroup&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filteredRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;int&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;// start multi-thread reading&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowsChans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;errsChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigCSV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Read&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ctx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;make&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;chan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ALBLog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowsChans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;);&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;++&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Add&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;go&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowWorker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowsChans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Add&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;go&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;errWorker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;errsChan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;writeCSVWaitGroup&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;sync&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;WaitGroup&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;go&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;writeCSVWaitGroup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Add&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;var&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;result&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ALBLog&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filteredLog&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;range&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;result&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;append&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;result&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filteredLog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fmt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Fprintf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Stdout&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;%s Filtered rows %d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fileName&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;result&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filteredRows&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;len&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;result&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;OpenFile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;filtered.csv&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;O_APPEND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;|&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;O_WRONLY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;|&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;O_CREATE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;0600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;defer&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Close&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;

		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;no&quot;&gt;nil&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;log&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Fatalln&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;failed to open file&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;csv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;NewWriter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;defer&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Flush&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;

		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;no&quot;&gt;nil&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;log&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Fatal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

		&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;range&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;result&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
			&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Write&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RawRow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;writeCSVWaitGroup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}()&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;wg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Wait&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;nb&quot;&gt;close&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;writeCSVWaitGroup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Wait&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fmt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Fprintf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Stdout&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot; %s Total rows: %d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;se&quot;&gt;\n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fileName&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;counter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;get&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;())&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;counter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;get&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(),&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;filteredRows&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowWorker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowsChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigcsvreader&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RowsChan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;waitGr&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;sync&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;WaitGroup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;chan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ALBLog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;range&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;rowsChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;processRow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;waitGr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;errWorker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;errsChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;bigcsvreader&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ErrsChan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;waitGr&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;sync&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;WaitGroup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;range&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;errsChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;handleError&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;waitGr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;// processRow can be used to implement business logic&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;// like validation / converting to a struct / persisting row into a storage.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;processRow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;chan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ALBLog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;clientIP&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;strings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Split&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;:&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;requestUrl&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;strings&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Split&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot; &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;urlObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;url&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Parse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;requestUrl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;counter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;inc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt;

	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RawRow&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;string&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;urlObject&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Path&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;]}&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;alblog&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ALBLog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ClientIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;clientIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TargetProcessingTime&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;TargetStatusCode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;ReceivedBytes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RequestUrl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;           &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RequestCreationTime&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;row&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;m&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RawRow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;               &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;RawRow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
	
	&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;doSomeFiltering&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;()&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
		&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;resultChan&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;-&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;alblog&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;// handleError handles the error.&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;c&quot;&gt;// errors can be fatal like file does not exist, or row related like a given row could not be parsed, etc...&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;k&quot;&gt;func&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;handleError&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;kt&quot;&gt;error&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;fmt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;o&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;Println&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;s&quot;&gt;&quot;error&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;n&quot;&gt;err&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;p&quot;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>LeetCode Format v1.4</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/05/21/chrome-extension-leetcode-format.html"/>
   <updated>2023-05-21T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/05/21/chrome-extension-leetcode-format</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;I have &lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/madhur/leetcode-format-chrome-extension/releases/tag/1.4&quot;&gt;published&lt;/a&gt; the v1.4 of LeetCode Format which supports the new UI of LeetCode&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Please download or update your already installed extension to get it working on Latest LeetCode UI.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/leetcode-format/imogghebhifnnlgogigikjecilkicfpp?hl=en&quot;&gt;Download here for Chrome&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 <entry>
   <title>zsh and /etc/profile</title>
   <link href="https://madhur.co.in/blog/2023/05/10/zsh-and-etc-profile.html"/>
   <updated>2023-05-10T00:00:00+05:30</updated>
   <id>id:/blog/2023/05/10/zsh-and-etc-profile</id>
   <content type="html">&lt;p&gt;I just upgraded from zsh v5.5 to zsh v5.9 and some of my applications broke.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It seems the environment variable &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;$XDG_DATA_DIRS&lt;/code&gt; was blanked out in the process.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html#introduction&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;$XDG_DATA_DIRS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/a&gt; holds the location of directories which can contain &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;.desktop&lt;/code&gt; files.
The &lt;a href=&quot;https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;.desktop&lt;/code&gt; files&lt;/a&gt; are basically application shortcuts in the Linux desktop world.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;$XDG_DATA_DIRS&lt;/code&gt; and several such variables are initialized by scripts placed in &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/profiles.d&lt;/code&gt; folder. This folder is executed by the &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/profile&lt;/code&gt; script.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Now, the twist is that the &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/profile&lt;/code&gt; is only invoked by &lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)&quot;&gt;bash shell&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;zsh uses its own set of configuration files:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/zsh/zprofile&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/zsh/zshrc&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/zsh/zlogin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/zsh/zshenv&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Most modern distros will have a mechanism where in /etc/zsh/zprofile will invoke the &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/profile&lt;/code&gt; which in turn will invoke all the scripts placed inside &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/profiles.d&lt;/code&gt; folder.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;However, if you are using the older distro or a non-Desktop distros such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.centos.org/&quot;&gt;CentOS&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.redhat.com/en&quot;&gt;RedHat&lt;/a&gt;, this might not be the case.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In that case, you need to setup that linkage manually. In my case, I created the file &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/zsh/zprofile&lt;/code&gt; with the contents&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;emulate sh -c 'source /etc/profile'
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;p&gt;One other thing I found that some distros might invoke &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/zprofile&lt;/code&gt; , instead of &lt;code class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;/etc/zsh/zprofile&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In that case, you might want to symlink the files with&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;language-plaintext highlighter-rouge&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;pre class=&quot;highlight&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;sudo ln -s /etc/zsh/zprofile /etc/zprofile  
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
 </entry>
 
 
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