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morpha.lex
2079 lines (1969 loc) · 125 KB
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morpha.lex
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%{
/*
morpha.lex - morphological analyser / lemmatiser
Copyright (c) 1995-2001 University of Sheffield, University of Sussex
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use of source and derived binary forms are
permitted provided that:
- they are not used in commercial products
- the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in
all such forms
- any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials
related to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software
was developed by Kevin Humphreys <kwh@dcs.shef.ac.uk> and John
Carroll <john.carroll@cogs.susx.ac.uk> and Guido Minnen
<Guido.Minnen@cogs.susx.ac.uk> and refer to the following related
publication:
Guido Minnen, John Carroll and Darren Pearce. 2000. Robust, Applied
Morphological Generation. In Proceedings of the First International
Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG), Mitzpe Ramon, Israel.
201-208.
The name of University of Sheffield may not be used to endorse or
promote products derived from this software without specific prior
written permission.
This software is provided "as is" and without any express or
implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied
warranties of merchantibility and fitness for a particular purpose.
If you make any changes, the authors would appreciate it
if you sent them details of what you have done.
Covers the English productive affixes:
-s plural of nouns, 3rd sing pres of verbs
-ed past tense
-en past participle
-ing progressive of verbs
Compilation: flex -i -8 -Cfe -omorpha.yy.c morpha.lex
gcc -o morpha morpha.yy.c
CAVEAT: In order to be able to get the morphological analyser to return
results immediately when used via unix pipes the flex and gcc command
line options have to be adapted to:
flex -i -omorpha.yy.c morpha.lex
gcc -Dinteractive -o morpha morpha.yy.c
Usage: morpha [options:actuf verbstem-file] < file.txt
N.B. A file with a list of verb stems that allow for
consonant doubling in British English (called 'verbstem.list')
is expected to be present in the same directory as morpha
Options: a this option ensures that affixes are output. It is not
relevant for the generator (morphg)
c this option ensures that casing is left untouched
wherever possible
t this option ensures that tags are output; N.B. if
the option 'u' is set and the input text is tagged
the tag will always be output even if this option
is not set
u this option should be used when the input file is
untagged
f a file with a list of verb stems that allow for
consonant doubling in British English (called
'verbstem.list') is expected
to be present in the same directory as morpha; using
this option it is possible to specify a different file,
i.e., 'verbstem-file'
Kevin Humphreys <kwh@dcs.shef.ac.uk>
original version: 30/03/95 - quick hack for LaSIE in the MUC6 dry-run
revised: 06/12/95 - run stand-alone for Gerald Gazdar's use
revised: 20/02/96 - for VIE, based on reports from Gerald Gazdar
John Carroll <John.Carroll@cogs.susx.ac.uk>
revised: 21/03/96 - made handling of -us and -use more accurate
revised: 26/06/96 - many more exceptions from corpora and MRDs
Guido Minnen <Guido.Minnen@cogs.susx.ac.uk>
revised: 03/12/98 - normal form and different treatment of
consonant doubling introduced in order to
support automatic reversal; usage of
external list of verb
stems (derived from the BNC) that allow
for consonant doubling in British English
introduced
revised: 19/05/99 - improvement of option handling
revised: 03/08/99 - introduction of option -f; adaption of
normal form to avoid the loss of case
information
revised: 01/09/99 - changed from normal form to compiler
directives format
revised: 06/10/99 - addition of the treatment of article
and sentence initial markings,
i.e. <ai> and <si> markings at the
beginning of a word. Modification of
the scanning of the newline symbol
such that no problems arise in
interactive mode. Extension of the
list of verbstems allowing for
consonant doubling and incorporation
of exception lists based on the CELEX
lexical database.
revised: 02/12/99 - incorporated data extracted from the
CELEX lexical databases
revised: 07/06/00 - adaption of Makefile to enable various
Flex optimizations
John Carroll <John.Carroll@cogs.susx.ac.uk>
revised: 25/01/01 - new version of inversion program,
associated changes to directives; new
C preprocessor flag 'interactive'
Diana McCarthy <dianam@cogs.susx.ac.uk>
revised: 23/02/02 - fixed bug reading in verbstem file.
John Carroll <J.A.Carroll@sussex.ac.uk>
revised: 28/08/03 - fixes to -o(e) and -ff(e) words, a few
more irregulars, preferences for generating
alternative irregular forms.
Exception lists are taken from WordNet 1.5, the CELEX lexical
database (Copyright Centre for Lexical Information; Baayen,
Piepenbrock and Van Rijn; 1993) and various other corpora and MRDs.
Further exception lists are taken from the CELEX lexical database
(Copyright Centre for Lexical Information; Baayen, Piepenbrock and
Van Rijn; 1993).
Many thanks to Tim Baldwin, Chris Brew, Bill Fisher, Gerald Gazdar,
Dale Gerdemann, Adam Kilgarriff and Ehud Reiter for suggested
improvements.
WordNet> WordNet 1.5 Copyright 1995 by Princeton University.
WordNet> All rights reseved.
WordNet>
WordNet> THIS SOFTWARE AND DATABASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND PRINCETON
WordNet> UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
WordNet> IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PRINCETON
WordNet> UNIVERSITY MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
WordNet> ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE
WordNet> OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, DATABASE OR DOCUMENTATION WILL NOT
WordNet> INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR
WordNet> OTHER RIGHTS.
WordNet>
WordNet> The name of Princeton University or Princeton may not be used in
WordNet> advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software
WordNet> and/or database. Title to copyright in this software, database and
WordNet> any associated documentation shall at all times remain with
WordNet> Princeton Univerisy and LICENSEE agrees to preserve same.
*/
#include <string.h>
#ifdef interactive
#define YY_INPUT(buf,result,max_size) \
{ \
int c = getchar(); \
result = (c == EOF) ? YY_NULL : (buf[0] = c, 1); \
}
#define ECHO (void) fwrite( yytext, yyleng, 1, yyout ); fflush(yyout)
#endif
#define TRUE (1==1)
#define FALSE (1==0)
#define forever (TRUE)
#define UnSetOption(o) (options.o = 0)
#define SetOption(o) (options.o = 1)
#define Option(o) (options.o)
#define MAXSTR 200
/* #define YY_SKIP_YYWRAP */
#ifdef __cplusplus
char up8(char c);
int scmp(const char *a, const char *b);
int vcmp(const void *a, const void *b);
int in_verbstem_list(char *a);
void downcase( char *text, int len );
void capitalise( char *text, int len );
int stem(int eden,int dubbel, int del, const char *add, const char *affix,const char *root);
int condub_stem(int eden,int dubbel, int del, const char *add, const char *aff, const char *root);
int semi_reg_stem(int eden,int dubbel, int del, const char *add, const char *aff, const char *root);
int proper_name_stem();
int common_noun_stem();
int null_stem();
int xnull_stem();
int ynull_stem();
int cnull_stem();
char get_option(int argc, char *argv[], char *options, int *arg, int *i);
BOOL get_opt_string(char *argv[], char *result, unsigned int maxbuff, int *arg, int *i, char letter);
void set_up_options(int argc, char *argv[]);
#endif
int lex_tag;
typedef struct
{unsigned int
print_affixes : 1,
change_case : 1,
tag_output : 1,
fspec : 1;
} options_st;
typedef int BOOL;
options_st options;
/* int yywrap(); */
/* int yywrap() { return(1); } */
int state;
%}
%option noyywrap
%x verb noun any scan
A ['+a-z0-9]
V [aeiou]
VY [aeiouy]
C [bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz]
CXY [bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxz]
CXY2 "bb"|"cc"|"dd"|"ff"|"gg"|"hh"|"jj"|"kk"|"ll"|"mm"|"nn"|"pp"|"qq"|"rr"|"ss"|"tt"|"vv"|"ww"|"xx"|"zz"
S2 "ss"|"zz"
S [sxz]|([cs]"h")
PRE "be"|"ex"|"in"|"mis"|"pre"|"pro"|"re"
EDING "ed"|"ing"
ESEDING "es"|"ed"|"ing"
G [^[:space:]_<>]
G- [^[:space:]_<>-]
SKIP [[:space:]]
%%
/* can and will not always modal so can be inflected */
<verb,any>"shall" { return(ynull_stem()); }
<verb,any>"would" { return(ynull_stem()); }
<verb,any>"may" { return(ynull_stem()); }
<verb,any>"might" { return(ynull_stem()); }
<verb,any>"ought" { return(ynull_stem()); }
<verb,any>"should" { return(ynull_stem()); }
<verb,any>"am" { return(stem(2,"be","")); }
<verb,any>"are" { return(stem(3,"be","")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"is" { return(stem(2,"be","s")); }
<verb,any>"was" { return(stem(3,"be","ed")); }
<verb,any>"wast" { return(stem(4,"be","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"wert" { return(stem(4,"be","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"were" { return(stem(4,"be","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"being" { return(stem(5,"be","ing")); }
<verb,any>"been" { return(stem(4,"be","en")); }
<verb,any>"had" { return(stem(3,"have","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"has" { return(stem(3,"have","s")); }
<verb,any>"hath" { return(stem(4,"have","s")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"does" { return(stem(4,"do","s")); }
<verb,any>"did" { return(stem(3,"do","ed")); }
<verb,any>"done" { return(stem(4,"do","en")); }
<verb,any>"didst" { return(stem(5,"do","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"'ll" { return(stem(3,"will","")); }
<verb,any>"'m" { return(stem(2,"be","")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"'re" { return(stem(3,"be","")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"'ve" { return(stem(3,"have","")); }
<verb,any>("beat"|"browbeat")"en" { return(stem(2,"","en")); }
<verb,any>("beat"|"beset"|"bet"|"broadcast"|"browbeat"|"burst"|"cost"|"cut"|"hit"|"let"|"set"|"shed"|"shut"|"slit"|"split"|"put"|"quit"|"spread"|"sublet"|"spred"|"thrust"|"upset"|"hurt"|"bust"|"cast"|"forecast"|"inset"|"miscast"|"mishit"|"misread"|"offset"|"outbid"|"overbid"|"preset"|"read"|"recast"|"reset"|"telecast"|"typecast"|"typeset"|"underbid"|"undercut"|"wed"|"wet") { return(null_stem()); }
<verb,noun,any>"aches" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"aped" { return(stem(2,"e","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"axed" { return(stem(2,"","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>("bias"|"canvas")"es" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<verb,any>("cadd"|"v")"ied" { return(stem(2,"e","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>("cadd"|"v")"ying" { return(stem(4,"ie","ing")); }
<verb,noun,any>"cooees" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"cooeed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>("ey"|"dy")"ed" { return(stem(2,"e","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"eyeing" { return(stem(3,"","ing")); }
<verb,any>"eying" { return(stem(3,"e","ing")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"dying" { return(stem(4,"ie","ing")); }
<verb,any>("geld"|"gild")"ed" { return(stem(2,"","ed")); }
<verb,any>("outvi"|"hi")"ed" { return(stem(2,"e","ed")); }
<verb,any>"outlay" { return(stem(2,"ie","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"rebound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"plummets" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"queueing" { return(stem(3,"","ing")); }
<verb,any>"stomachs" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"trammels" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"tarmacked" { return(stem(3,"","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"transfixed" { return(stem(2,"","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"underlay" { return(stem(2,"ie","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overlay" { return(stem(2,"ie","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overflown" { return(stem(3,"y","en")); }
<verb,any>"relaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"shat" { return(stem(3,"hit","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"bereft" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"clave" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"wrought" { return(stem(6,"ork","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"durst" { return(stem(4,"are","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"foreswore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outfought" { return(stem(5,"ight","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"garotting" { return(stem(3,"e","ing")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"shorn" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"spake" { return(stem(3,"eak","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>("analys"|"paralys"|"cach"|"brows"|"glimps"|"collaps"|"eclips"|"elaps"|"laps"|"traips"|"relaps"|"puls"|"repuls"|"cleans"|"rins"|"recompens"|"condens"|"dispens"|"incens"|"licens"|"sens"|"tens")"es" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"cached" { return(stem(2,"e","ed")); }
<verb,any>"caching" { return(stem(3,"e","ing")); }
<verb,any>("tun"|"gangren"|"wan"|"grip"|"unit"|"coher"|"comper"|"rever"|"semaphor"|"commun"|"reunit"|"dynamit"|"superven"|"telephon"|"ton"|"aton"|"bon"|"phon"|"plan"|"profan"|"importun"|"enthron"|"elop"|"interlop"|"sellotap"|"sideswip"|"slop"|"scrap"|"mop"|"lop"|"expung"|"lung"|"past"|"premier"|"rang"|"secret"){EDING} { return(semi_reg_stem(0,"e")); }
<verb,any>("unroll"|"unscroll"){EDING} { return(semi_reg_stem(0,"")); }
<verb,any>"unseat"{EDING} { return(semi_reg_stem(0,"")); }
<verb,any>"whang"{EDING} { return(semi_reg_stem(0,"")); }
<verb,any>("bath"|"billet"|"collar"|"ballot"|"earth"|"fathom"|"fillet"|"mortar"|"parrot"|"profit"|"ransom"|"slang"){EDING} { return(semi_reg_stem(0,"")); }
<verb,any>("disunit"|"aquaplan"|"enplan"|"reveng"|"ripost"|"sein")"ed" { return(stem(2,"e","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"toping" { return(stem(3,"e","ing")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>("disti"|"fulfi"|"appa")"lls" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<verb,any>("overca"|"misca")"lled" { return(stem(2,"","ed")); }
<verb,any>"catcalling" { return(stem(3,"","ing")); }
<verb,any>("catcall"|"squall")"ing" { return(stem(3,"","ing")); }
<verb,any>("browbeat"|"ax"|"dubbin")"ing" { return(stem(3,"","ing")); }
<verb,any>"summonses" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"putted" { return(stem(2,"","ed")); }
<verb,any>"summonsed" { return(stem(2,"","ed")); }
<verb,any>("sugar"|"tarmacadam"|"beggar"|"betroth"|"boomerang"|"chagrin"|"envenom"|"miaou"|"pressgang")"ed" { return(stem(2,"","ed")); }
<verb,any>"abode" { return(stem(3,"ide","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"abought" { return(stem(5,"y","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"abyes" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"addrest" { return(stem(3,"ess","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"ageing" { return(stem(4,"e","ing")); }
<verb,any>"agreed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"anted" { return(stem(3,"te","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"antes" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"arisen" { return(stem(3,"se","en")); }
<verb,any>"arose" { return(stem(3,"ise","ed")); }
<verb,any>"ate" { return(stem(3,"eat","ed")); }
<verb,any>"awoke" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"awoken" { return(stem(4,"ake","en")); }
<verb,any>"backbit" { return(stem(3,"bite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"backbiting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"backbitten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"backslid" { return(stem(3,"lide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"backslidden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"bad" { return(stem(3,"bid","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"bade" { return(stem(3,"id","ed")); }
<verb,any>"bandieds" { return(stem(4,"y","s")); }
<verb,any>"became" { return(stem(3,"ome","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"befallen" { return(stem(3,"l","en")); }
<verb,any>"befalling" { return(stem(4,"l","ing")); }
<verb,any>"befell" { return(stem(3,"all","ed")); }
<verb,any>"began" { return(stem(3,"gin","ed")); }
<verb,any>"begat" { return(stem(3,"get","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"begirt" { return(stem(3,"ird","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"begot" { return(stem(3,"get","ed")); }
<verb,any>"begotten" { return(stem(5,"et","en")); }
<verb,any>"begun" { return(stem(3,"gin","en")); }
<verb,any>"beheld" { return(stem(3,"old","ed")); }
<verb,any>"beholden" { return(stem(3,"d","en")); }
<verb,any>"benempt" { return(stem(4,"ame","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"bent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"besought" { return(stem(5,"eech","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"bespoke" { return(stem(3,"eak","ed")); }
<verb,any>"bespoken" { return(stem(4,"eak","en")); }
<verb,any>"bestrewn" { return(stem(3,"ew","en")); }
<verb,any>"bestrid" { return(stem(3,"ride","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"bestridden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"bestrode" { return(stem(3,"ide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"betaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"bethought" { return(stem(5,"ink","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"betook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"bidden" { return(stem(3,"","en")); }
<verb,any>"bit" { return(stem(3,"bite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"biting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"bitten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"bled" { return(stem(3,"leed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"blest" { return(stem(3,"ess","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"blew" { return(stem(3,"low","ed")); }
<verb,any>"blown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"bogged-down" { return(stem(8,"-down","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"bogging-down" { return(stem(9,"-down","ing")); }
<verb,any>"bogs-down" { return(stem(6,"-down","s")); }
<verb,any>"boogied" { return(stem(3,"ie","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"boogies" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"bore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"borne" { return(stem(4,"ear","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"born" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"bought" { return(stem(5,"uy","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"bound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"breastfed" { return(stem(3,"feed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"bred" { return(stem(3,"reed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"breid" { return(stem(3,"ei","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"bringing" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"broke" { return(stem(3,"eak","ed")); }
<verb,any>"broken" { return(stem(4,"eak","en")); }
<verb,any>"brought" { return(stem(5,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"built" { return(stem(3,"ild","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"burnt" { return(stem(3,"rn","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"bypast" { return(stem(3,"ass","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"came" { return(stem(3,"ome","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"caught" { return(stem(4,"tch","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"chassed" { return(stem(3,"se","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"chasseing" { return(stem(4,"e","ing")); }
<verb,any>"chasses" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"chevied" { return(stem(5,"ivy","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"chevies" { return(stem(5,"ivy","s")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"chevying" { return(stem(6,"ivy","ing")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"chid" { return(stem(3,"hide","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"chidden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"chivvied" { return(stem(4,"y","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"chivvies" { return(stem(4,"y","s")); }
<verb,any>"chivvying" { return(stem(5,"y","ing")); }
<verb,any>"chose" { return(stem(3,"oose","ed")); }
<verb,any>"chosen" { return(stem(3,"ose","en")); }
<verb,any>"clad" { return(stem(3,"lothe","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"cleft" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"clept" { return(stem(3,"epe","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"clinging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"clove" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); }
<verb,any>"cloven" { return(stem(4,"eave","en")); }
<verb,any>"clung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"countersank" { return(stem(3,"ink","ed")); }
<verb,any>"countersunk" { return(stem(3,"ink","en")); }
<verb,any>"crept" { return(stem(3,"eep","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"crossbred" { return(stem(3,"reed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"curettes" { return(stem(3,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"curst" { return(stem(3,"rse","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"dealt" { return(stem(3,"al","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"decreed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"degases" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"deleing" { return(stem(4,"e","ing")); }
<verb,any>"disagreed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"disenthralls" { return(stem(2,"","s")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"disenthrals" { return(stem(2,"l","s")); }
<verb,any>"dought" { return(stem(4,"w","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"dove" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"drank" { return(stem(3,"ink","ed")); }
<verb,any>"drawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"dreamt" { return(stem(3,"am","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"dreed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"drew" { return(stem(3,"raw","ed")); }
<verb,any>"driven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"drove" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); }
<verb,any>"drunk" { return(stem(3,"ink","en")); }
<verb,any>"dug" { return(stem(3,"dig","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"dwelt" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"eaten" { return(stem(3,"t","en")); }
<verb,any>"emceed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"enwound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"facsimileing" { return(stem(4,"e","ing")); }
<verb,any>"fallen" { return(stem(3,"l","en")); }
<verb,any>"fed" { return(stem(3,"feed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"fell" { return(stem(3,"all","ed")); }
<verb,any>"felt" { return(stem(3,"eel","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"filagreed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"filigreed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"fillagreed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"fled" { return(stem(3,"lee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"flew" { return(stem(3,"ly","ed")); }
<verb,any>"flinging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"floodlit" { return(stem(3,"light","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"flown" { return(stem(3,"y","en")); }
<verb,any>"flung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"flyblew" { return(stem(3,"low","ed")); }
<verb,any>"flyblown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"forbade" { return(stem(3,"id","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forbad" { return(stem(3,"bid","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"forbidden" { return(stem(3,"","en")); }
<verb,any>"forbore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forborne" { return(stem(4,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"fordid" { return(stem(3,"do","ed")); }
<verb,any>"fordone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"foredid" { return(stem(3,"do","ed")); }
<verb,any>"foredone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"foregone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"foreknew" { return(stem(3,"now","ed")); }
<verb,any>"foreknown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"foreran" { return(stem(3,"run","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"foresaw" { return(stem(3,"see","ed")); }
<verb,any>"foreseen" { return(stem(3,"ee","en")); }
<verb,any>"foreshown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"forespoke" { return(stem(3,"eak","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forespoken" { return(stem(4,"eak","en")); }
<verb,any>"foretelling" { return(stem(4,"l","ing")); }
<verb,any>"foretold" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"forewent" { return(stem(4,"go","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forgave" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forgiven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"forgone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"forgot" { return(stem(3,"get","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forgotten" { return(stem(5,"et","en")); }
<verb,any>"forsaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"forsook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forspoke" { return(stem(3,"eak","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forspoken" { return(stem(4,"eak","en")); }
<verb,any>"forswore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"forsworn" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"forwent" { return(stem(4,"go","ed")); }
<verb,any>"fought" { return(stem(5,"ight","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"found" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"freed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"fricasseed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"froze" { return(stem(3,"eeze","ed")); }
<verb,any>"frozen" { return(stem(4,"eeze","en")); }
<verb,any>"gainsaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"gan" { return(stem(3,"gin","en")); }
<verb,any>"garnisheed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"gases" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"gave" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); }
<verb,any>"geed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"gelt" { return(stem(3,"eld","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"genned-up" { return(stem(6,"-up","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"genning-up" { return(stem(7,"-up","ing")); }
<verb,any>"gens-up" { return(stem(4,"-up","s")); }
<verb,any>"ghostwriting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"ghostwritten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"ghostwrote" { return(stem(3,"ite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"gilt" { return(stem(3,"ild","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"girt" { return(stem(3,"ird","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"given" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"gnawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"gone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"got" { return(stem(3,"get","ed")); }
<verb,any>"gotten" { return(stem(5,"et","en")); }
<verb,any>"graven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"greed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"grew" { return(stem(3,"row","ed")); }
<verb,any>"gript" { return(stem(3,"ip","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"ground" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"grown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"guaranteed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"hacksawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"hamstringing" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"hamstrung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"handfed" { return(stem(3,"feed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"heard" { return(stem(3,"ar","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"held" { return(stem(3,"old","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"hewn" { return(stem(3,"ew","en")); }
<verb,any>"hid" { return(stem(3,"hide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"hidden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"honied" { return(stem(3,"ey","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"hove" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"hung" { return(stem(3,"ang","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"impanells" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<verb,any>"inbred" { return(stem(3,"reed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"indwelling" { return(stem(4,"l","ing")); }
<verb,any>"indwelt" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"inlaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"interbred" { return(stem(3,"reed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"interlaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"interpled" { return(stem(3,"lead","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"interwove" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); }
<verb,any>"interwoven" { return(stem(4,"eave","en")); }
<verb,any>"inwove" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); }
<verb,any>"inwoven" { return(stem(4,"eave","en")); }
<verb,any>"joint" { return(stem(3,"in","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"kent" { return(stem(3,"en","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"kept" { return(stem(3,"eep","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"kneed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"knelt" { return(stem(3,"eel","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"knew" { return(stem(3,"now","ed")); }
<verb,any>"known" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"laden" { return(stem(3,"de","en")); }
<verb,any>"ladyfied" { return(stem(5,"ify","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"ladyfies" { return(stem(5,"ify","s")); }
<verb,any>"ladyfying" { return(stem(6,"ify","ing")); }
<verb,any>"laid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"lain" { return(stem(3,"ie","en")); }
<verb,any>"leant" { return(stem(3,"an","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"leapt" { return(stem(3,"ap","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"learnt" { return(stem(3,"rn","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"led" { return(stem(3,"lead","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"left" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"lent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"lit" { return(stem(3,"light","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"lost" { return(stem(3,"ose","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"made" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"meant" { return(stem(3,"an","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"met" { return(stem(3,"meet","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"misbecame" { return(stem(3,"ome","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"misdealt" { return(stem(3,"al","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"misgave" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); }
<verb,any>"misgiven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"misheard" { return(stem(3,"ar","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"mislaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"misled" { return(stem(3,"lead","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"mispled" { return(stem(3,"lead","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"misspelt" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"misspent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"mistaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"mistook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"misunderstood" { return(stem(3,"and","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"molten" { return(stem(5,"elt","en")); }
<verb,any>"mown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"outbidden" { return(stem(3,"","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"outbred" { return(stem(3,"reed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outdid" { return(stem(3,"do","ed")); }
<verb,any>"outdone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"outgone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"outgrew" { return(stem(3,"row","ed")); }
<verb,any>"outgrown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"outlaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outran" { return(stem(3,"run","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outridden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"outrode" { return(stem(3,"ide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"outselling" { return(stem(4,"l","ing")); }
<verb,any>"outshone" { return(stem(3,"ine","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outshot" { return(stem(3,"hoot","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outsold" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outstood" { return(stem(3,"and","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outthought" { return(stem(5,"ink","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outwent" { return(stem(4,"go","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"outwore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"outworn" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"overbidden" { return(stem(3,"","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"overblew" { return(stem(3,"low","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overblown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"overbore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overborne" { return(stem(4,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"overbuilt" { return(stem(3,"ild","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overcame" { return(stem(3,"ome","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overdid" { return(stem(3,"do","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overdone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"overdrawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"overdrew" { return(stem(3,"raw","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overdriven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"overdrove" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overflew" { return(stem(3,"ly","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overgrew" { return(stem(3,"row","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overgrown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"overhanging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"overheard" { return(stem(3,"ar","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overhung" { return(stem(3,"ang","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overlaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overlain" { return(stem(3,"ie","en")); }
<verb,any>"overlies" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"overlying" { return(stem(4,"ie","ing")); }
<verb,any>"overpaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overpast" { return(stem(3,"ass","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overran" { return(stem(3,"run","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overridden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"overrode" { return(stem(3,"ide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"oversaw" { return(stem(3,"see","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overseen" { return(stem(3,"ee","en")); }
<verb,any>"overselling" { return(stem(4,"l","ing")); }
<verb,any>"oversewn" { return(stem(3,"ew","en")); }
<verb,any>"overshot" { return(stem(3,"hoot","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overslept" { return(stem(3,"eep","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"oversold" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overspent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overspilt" { return(stem(3,"ill","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"overtaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"overthrew" { return(stem(3,"row","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overthrown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"overtook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"overwound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"overwriting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"overwritten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"overwrote" { return(stem(3,"ite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"paid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"partaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"partook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"peed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"pent" { return(stem(3,"en","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"pled" { return(stem(3,"lead","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"prepaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"prologs" { return(stem(2,"gue","s")); }
<verb,any>"proven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"pureed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"quartersawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"queued" { return(stem(3,"ue","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"queues" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"queuing" { return(stem(4,"ue","ing")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"ran" { return(stem(3,"run","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"rang" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); }
<verb,any>"rarefied" { return(stem(3,"y","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"rarefies" { return(stem(3,"y","s")); }
<verb,any>"rarefying" { return(stem(4,"y","ing")); }
<verb,any>"razeed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); }
<verb,any>"rebuilt" { return(stem(3,"ild","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"recced" { return(stem(3,"ce","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"red" { return(stem(3,"red","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"redid" { return(stem(3,"do","ed")); }
<verb,any>"redone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"refereed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"reft" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"remade" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"repaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"reran" { return(stem(3,"run","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"resat" { return(stem(3,"sit","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"retaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"rethought" { return(stem(5,"ink","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"retook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"rewound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"rewriting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"rewritten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"rewrote" { return(stem(3,"ite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"ridden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"risen" { return(stem(3,"se","en")); }
<verb,any>"riven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"rode" { return(stem(3,"ide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"rose" { return(stem(3,"ise","ed")); }
<verb,any>"rove" { return(stem(3,"eeve","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"rung" { return(stem(3,"ing","en")); }
<verb,any>"said" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"sang" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); }
<verb,any>"sank" { return(stem(3,"ink","ed")); }
<verb,any>"sat" { return(stem(3,"sit","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"saw" { return(stem(3,"see","ed")); }
<verb,any>"sawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"seen" { return(stem(3,"ee","en")); }
<verb,any>"sent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"sewn" { return(stem(3,"ew","en")); }
<verb,any>"shaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"shaven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"shent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"shewn" { return(stem(3,"ew","en")); }
<verb,any>"shod" { return(stem(3,"hoe","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"shone" { return(stem(3,"ine","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"shook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"shot" { return(stem(3,"hoot","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"shown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"shrank" { return(stem(3,"ink","ed")); }
<verb,any>"shriven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"shrove" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); }
<verb,any>"shrunk" { return(stem(3,"ink","en")); }
<verb,any>"shrunken" { return(stem(5,"ink","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"sightsaw" { return(stem(3,"see","ed")); }
<verb,any>"sightseen" { return(stem(3,"ee","en")); }
<verb,any>"ski'd" { return(stem(3,"i","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"skydove" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"slain" { return(stem(3,"ay","en")); }
<verb,any>"slept" { return(stem(3,"eep","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"slew" { return(stem(3,"lay","ed")); }
<verb,any>"slid" { return(stem(3,"lide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"slidden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"slinging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"slung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"slunk" { return(stem(3,"ink","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"smelt" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"smit" { return(stem(3,"mite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"smiting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"smitten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"smote" { return(stem(3,"ite","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"sold" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"soothsaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"sortied" { return(stem(3,"ie","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"sorties" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"sought" { return(stem(5,"eek","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"sown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"spat" { return(stem(3,"pit","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"sped" { return(stem(3,"peed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"spellbound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"spelt" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"spent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"spilt" { return(stem(3,"ill","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"spoilt" { return(stem(3,"il","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"spoke" { return(stem(3,"eak","ed")); }
<verb,any>"spoken" { return(stem(4,"eak","en")); }
<verb,any>"spotlit" { return(stem(3,"light","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"sprang" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); }
<verb,any>"springing" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"sprung" { return(stem(3,"ing","en")); }
<verb,any>"spun" { return(stem(3,"pin","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"squeegeed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"stank" { return(stem(3,"ink","ed")); }
<verb,any>"stinging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"stole" { return(stem(3,"eal","ed")); }
<verb,any>"stolen" { return(stem(4,"eal","en")); }
<verb,any>"stood" { return(stem(3,"and","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"stove" { return(stem(3,"ave","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"strewn" { return(stem(3,"ew","en")); }
<verb,any>"stridden" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"stringing" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"striven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); }
<verb,any>"strode" { return(stem(3,"ide","ed")); }
<verb,any>"strove" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); }
<verb,any>"strown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"struck" { return(stem(3,"ike","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"strung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"stuck" { return(stem(3,"ick","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"stung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"stunk" { return(stem(3,"ink","en")); }
<verb,any>"sung" { return(stem(3,"ing","en")); }
<verb,any>"sunk" { return(stem(3,"ink","en")); }
<verb,any>"sunken" { return(stem(5,"ink","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"swam" { return(stem(3,"wim","ed")); }
<verb,any>"swept" { return(stem(3,"eep","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"swinging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"swollen" { return(stem(5,"ell","en")); }
<verb,any>"swore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"sworn" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"swum" { return(stem(3,"wim","en")); }
<verb,any>"swung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"taken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"taught" { return(stem(5,"each","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"taxying" { return(stem(4,"i","ing")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"teed" { return(stem(3,"ee","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"thought" { return(stem(5,"ink","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"threw" { return(stem(3,"row","ed")); }
<verb,any>"thriven" { return(stem(3,"ve","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"throve" { return(stem(3,"ive","ed")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"thrown" { return(stem(3,"ow","en")); }
<verb,any>"tinged" { return(stem(3,"ge","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"tingeing" { return(stem(4,"e","ing")); }
<verb,any>"tinging" { return(stem(4,"ge","ing")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"told" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"took" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"tore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"torn" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"tramels" { return(stem(3,"mel","s")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"transfixt" { return(stem(3,"ix","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"tranship" { return(stem(3,"ship","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"trod" { return(stem(3,"read","ed")); }
<verb,any>"trodden" { return(stem(5,"ead","en")); }
<verb,any>"typewriting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"typewritten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"typewrote" { return(stem(3,"ite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"unbent" { return(stem(3,"end","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unbound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unclad" { return(stem(3,"lothe","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"underbought" { return(stem(5,"uy","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"underfed" { return(stem(3,"feed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"undergirt" { return(stem(3,"ird","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"undergone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"underlaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"underlain" { return(stem(3,"ie","en")); }
<verb,any>"underlies" { return(stem(2,"e","s")); }
<verb,any>"underlying" { return(stem(4,"ie","ing")); }
<verb,any>"underpaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"underselling" { return(stem(4,"l","ing")); }
<verb,any>"undershot" { return(stem(3,"hoot","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"undersold" { return(stem(3,"ell","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"understood" { return(stem(3,"and","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"undertaken" { return(stem(3,"ke","en")); }
<verb,any>"undertook" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"underwent" { return(stem(4,"go","ed")); }
<verb,any>"underwriting" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"underwritten" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"underwrote" { return(stem(3,"ite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"undid" { return(stem(3,"do","ed")); }
<verb,any>"undone" { return(stem(3,"o","en")); }
<verb,any>"unfroze" { return(stem(3,"eeze","ed")); }
<verb,any>"unfrozen" { return(stem(4,"eeze","en")); }
<verb,any>"unlaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unlearnt" { return(stem(3,"rn","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unmade" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unrove" { return(stem(3,"eeve","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unsaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unslinging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"unslung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unspoke" { return(stem(3,"eak","ed")); }
<verb,any>"unspoken" { return(stem(4,"eak","en")); }
<verb,any>"unstringing" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"unstrung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unstuck" { return(stem(3,"ick","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unswore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"unsworn" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"untaught" { return(stem(5,"each","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"unthought" { return(stem(5,"ink","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"untrod" { return(stem(3,"read","ed")); }
<verb,any>"untrodden" { return(stem(5,"ead","en")); }
<verb,any>"unwound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"upbuilt" { return(stem(3,"ild","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"upheld" { return(stem(3,"old","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"uphove" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"upped" { return(stem(3,"","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"upping" { return(stem(4,"","ing")); }
<verb,any>"uprisen" { return(stem(3,"se","en")); }
<verb,any>"uprose" { return(stem(3,"ise","ed")); }
<verb,any>"upsprang" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); }
<verb,any>"upspringing" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"upsprung" { return(stem(3,"ing","en")); }
<verb,any>"upswept" { return(stem(3,"eep","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"upswinging" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"upswollen" { return(stem(5,"ell","en")); } /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"upswung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"visaed" { return(stem(3,"a","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"visaing" { return(stem(4,"a","ing")); }
<verb,any>"waylaid" { return(stem(3,"ay","ed")); }
<verb,any>"waylain" { return(stem(3,"ay","en")); }
<verb,any>"went" { return(stem(4,"go","ed")); }
<verb,any>"wept" { return(stem(3,"eep","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"whipsawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"winterfed" { return(stem(3,"feed","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"wiredrawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"wiredrew" { return(stem(3,"raw","ed")); }
<verb,any>"withdrawn" { return(stem(3,"aw","en")); }
<verb,any>"withdrew" { return(stem(3,"raw","ed")); }
<verb,any>"withheld" { return(stem(3,"old","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"withstood" { return(stem(3,"and","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"woke" { return(stem(3,"ake","ed")); }
<verb,any>"woken" { return(stem(4,"ake","en")); }
<verb,any>"won" { return(stem(3,"win","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"wore" { return(stem(3,"ear","ed")); }
<verb,any>"worn" { return(stem(3,"ear","en")); }
<verb,any>"wound" { return(stem(4,"ind","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"wove" { return(stem(3,"eave","ed")); }
<verb,any>"woven" { return(stem(4,"eave","en")); }
<verb,any>"wringing" { return(stem(4,"g","ing")); }
<verb,any>"writing" { return(stem(4,"te","ing")); }
<verb,any>"written" { return(stem(3,"e","en")); }
<verb,any>"wrote" { return(stem(3,"ite","ed")); }
<verb,any>"wrung" { return(stem(3,"ing","ed")); } /* en */
<verb,any>"ycleped" { return(stem(7,"clepe","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<verb,any>"yclept" { return(stem(6,"clepe","ed")); } /* en */ /* disprefer */
<noun,any>"ABCs" { return(stem(4,"ABC","s")); }
<noun,any>"bacteria" { return(stem(1,"um","s")); }
<noun,any>"loggias" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"bases" { return(stem(2,"is","s")); }
<noun,any>"schemata" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<noun,any>("curi"|"formul"|"vertebr"|"larv"|"uln"|"alumn")"ae" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>("beldam"|"boss"|"crux"|"larynx"|"sphinx"|"trellis"|"yes"|"atlas")"es" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<noun,any>("alumn"|"loc"|"thromb"|"tars"|"streptococc"|"stimul"|"solid"|"radi"|"mag"|"cumul"|"bronch"|"bacill")"i" { return(stem(1,"us","s")); }
<noun,any>("Brahman"|"German"|"dragoman"|"ottoman"|"shaman"|"talisman"|"Norman"|"Pullman"|"Roman")"s" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>("Czech"|"diptych"|"Sassenach"|"abdomen"|"alibi"|"aria"|"bandit"|"begonia"|"bikini"|"caryatid"|"colon"|"cornucopia"|"cromlech"|"cupola"|"dryad"|"eisteddfod"|"encyclopaedia"|"epoch"|"eunuch"|"flotilla"|"gardenia"|"gestalt"|"gondola"|"hierarch"|"hose"|"impediment"|"koala"|"loch"|"mania"|"manservant"|"martini"|"matriarch"|"monarch"|"oligarch"|"omen"|"parabola"|"pastorale"|"patriarch"|"pea"|"peninsula"|"pfennig"|"phantasmagoria"|"pibroch"|"poly"|"real"|"safari"|"sari"|"specimen"|"standby"|"stomach"|"swami"|"taxi"|"tech"|"toccata"|"triptych"|"villa"|"yogi"|"zloty")"s" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>("asyl"|"sanct"|"rect"|"pl"|"pendul"|"mausole"|"hoodl"|"for")"ums" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>("Bantu"|"Bengalese"|"Beninese"|"Boche"|"Burmese"|"Chinese"|"Congolese"|"Gabonese"|"Guyanese"|"Japanese"|"Javanese"|"Lebanese"|"Maltese"|"Olympics"|"Portuguese"|"Senegalese"|"Siamese"|"Singhalese"|"Sinhalese"|"Sioux"|"Sudanese"|"Swiss"|"Taiwanese"|"Togolese"|"Vietnamese"|"aircraft"|"anopheles"|"apparatus"|"asparagus"|"barracks"|"bellows"|"bison"|"bluefish"|"bob"|"bourgeois"|"bream"|"brill"|"butterfingers"|"carp"|"catfish"|"chassis"|"chub"|"cod"|"codfish"|"coley"|"contretemps"|"corps"|"crawfish"|"crayfish"|"crossroads"|"cuttlefish"|"dace"|"dice"|"dogfish"|"doings"|"dory"|"downstairs"|"eldest"|"finnan"|"firstborn"|"fish"|"flatfish"|"flounder"|"fowl"|"fry"|"fries"|{A}+"-works"|"gasworks"|"glassworks"|"globefish"|"goldfish"|"grand"|"gudgeon"|"gulden"|"haddock"|"hake"|"halibut"|"headquarters"|"herring"|"hertz"|"horsepower"|"hovercraft"|"hundredweight"|"ironworks"|"jackanapes"|"kilohertz"|"kurus"|"kwacha"|"ling"|"lungfish"|"mackerel"|"means"|"megahertz"|"moorfowl"|"moorgame"|"mullet"|"offspring"|"pampas"|"parr"|"patois"|"pekinese"|"penn'orth"|"perch"|"pickerel"|"pike"|"pince-nez"|"plaice"|"precis"|"quid"|"rand"|"rendezvous"|"revers"|"roach"|"roux"|"salmon"|"samurai"|"series"|"shad"|"sheep"|"shellfish"|"smelt"|"spacecraft"|"species"|"starfish"|"stockfish"|"sunfish"|"superficies"|"sweepstakes"|"swordfish"|"tench"|"tope"|"triceps"|"trout"|"tuna"|"tunafish"|"tunny"|"turbot"|"undersigned"|"veg"|"waterfowl"|"waterworks"|"waxworks"|"whiting"|"wildfowl"|"woodworm"|"yen") { return(xnull_stem()); }
<noun,any>"Aries" { return(stem(1,"s","s")); }
<noun,any>"Pisces" { return(stem(1,"s","s")); }
<noun,any>"Bengali" { return(stem(1,"i","s")); }
<noun,any>"Somali" { return(stem(1,"i","s")); }
<noun,any>"cicatrices" { return(stem(3,"x","s")); }
<noun,any>"cachous" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"confidantes" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"weltanschauungen" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"apologetics" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"dues" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"whirrs" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"emus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"equities" { return(stem(3,"y","s")); }
<noun,any>"ethics" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"extortions" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"folks" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"fumes" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"fungi" { return(stem(1,"us","s")); }
<noun,any>"ganglia" { return(stem(1,"on","s")); }
<noun,any>"gnus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"goings" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"groceries" { return(stem(3,"y","s")); }
<noun,any>"gurus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"halfpence" { return(stem(2,"ny","s")); }
<noun,any>"hostilities" { return(stem(3,"y","s")); }
<noun,any>"hysterics" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"impromptus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"incidentals" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"jujus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"landaus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"loins" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"mains" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"menus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"milieus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); } /* disprefer */
<noun,any>"mockers" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"morals" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"motions" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"mus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"nibs" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"ninepins" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"nippers" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"oilskins" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"overtones" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"parvenus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"plastics" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"polemics" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"races" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"refreshments" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"reinforcements" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"reparations" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"returns" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"rheumatics" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"rudiments" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"sadhus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"shires" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"shivers" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"sis" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"spoils" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"stamens" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"stays" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"subtitles" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"tares" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"thankyous" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"thews" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"toils" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"tongs" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"Hindus" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"ancients" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"bagpipes" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"bleachers" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"buttocks" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"commons" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"Israelis" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"Israeli" { return(stem(1,"i","s")); } /* disprefer */
<noun,any>"dodgems" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"causeries" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"quiches" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"rations" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"recompenses" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"rinses" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"lieder" { return(stem(2,"","s")); }
<noun,any>"passers-by" { return(stem(4,"-by","s")); }
<noun,any>"prolegomena" { return(stem(1,"on","s")); }
<noun,any>"signore" { return(stem(1,"a","s")); }
<noun,any>"nepalese" { return(stem(1,"e","s")); }
<noun,any>"algae" { return(stem(1,"","s")); }