README

/*
 * XFreq by CyrIng
 *
 *
 * [PURPOSE]
 *
 * XFreq provides some Widgets to display the frequency (including turbo boost), the temperature, C-States and other features of the Intel Core i7, i5 processors.
 * It also works with Core 2 architectures.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2015 CYRIL INGENIERIE
 * http://blog.cyring.fr
 *
 * Licenses: GPL2
 *
 *
 *
 * [BUILD]
 *
 * 1- download the source code into a working directory
 *
 * Makefile
 * api/Makefile
 * api/xfreq-api.c
 * api/xfreq-api.h
 * api/xfreq-smbios.c
 * api/xfreq-smbios.h
 * api/xfreq-types.h
 * cli/Makefile
 * cli/xfreq-cli.c
 * cli/xfreq-cli.h
 * gui/Makefile
 * gui/xfreq-gui.c
 * gui/xfreq-gui.h
 * svr/Makefile
 * svr/xfreq-intel.c
 * svr/xfreq-intel.h
 *
 *
 * 2- compile the source code
 *
 * make -j 1
 *
 *
 * 3- the following output will be displayed
 *
 * make -C api
 * make[1]: Entering directory './api'
 * cc -D`uname -s` -Wall -x c -c xfreq-api.c -I . -o ./obj/xfreq-api.o
 * cc -D`uname -s` -Wall -x c -c xfreq-smbios.c -I . -o ./obj/xfreq-smbios.o
 * make[1]: Leaving directory './api'
 * make -C svr
 * make[1]: Entering directory './svr'
 * cc -D`uname -s` -Wall -pthread -x c -c xfreq-intel.c -I ../api -o ./obj/xfreq-intel.o
 * cc ./obj/xfreq-intel.o -lpthread -lrt ../api/obj/xfreq-api.o  ../api/obj/xfreq-smbios.o -o ./bin/xfreq-intel
 * make[1]: Leaving directory './svr'
 * make -C gui
 * make[1]: Entering directory './gui'
 * cc -D`uname -s` -Wall -pthread -x c -c xfreq-gui.c -I ../api -o ./obj/xfreq-gui.o
 * cc ./obj/xfreq-gui.o -lX11 -lpthread -lrt ../api/obj/xfreq-api.o -o ./bin/xfreq-gui
 * make[1]: Leaving directory './gui'
 * make -C cli
 * make[1]: Entering directory './cli'
 * cc -D`uname -s` -Wall -pthread -x c -c xfreq-cli.c -I ../api -o ./obj/xfreq-cli.o
 * cc ./obj/xfreq-cli.o -lpthread -lrt ../api/obj/xfreq-api.o -o ./bin/xfreq-cli
 * make[1]: Leaving directory './cli'
 *
 *
 * 4- depending of your packages distribution, the libraries required to compile the source code are the following
 *
 * XLIB developer (libX11)
 *
 * POSIX threads (pthreads)
 *
 *
 *
 * [RUN]
 *
 * 1- the following kernel modules and file systems are prerequisites to run XFreq
 *
 * +---------------------------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
 * | msr.ko                    | mandatory | model specific registers driver (1)  |
 * +---------------------------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
 * | dmi-sysfs.ko              | optional  | DMI tables driver (2)                |
 * +---------------------------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
 * | acpi-cpufreq.ko           | optional  | ACPI Processor P-States driver       |
 * +---------------------------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
 * | /proc/sched_debug         | optional  | reference: kernel/sched/debug.c      |
 * +---------------------------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
 * | /proc/<pid>/*             | optional  | reference: linux/fs/proc/base.c      |
 * +---------------------------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
 * | iopl                      | optional  | change I/O privilege level           |
 * +---------------------------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
 *
 *
 * 2- as root, start the XFreq server.
 *
 * ./svr/bin/xfreq-intel
 *
 *
 * 3- as a regular user, start one of the XFreq clients (GUI, console)
 *
 * ./gui/bin/xfreq-gui
 *
 * ./cli/bin/xfreq-cli
 *
 *
 *
 * [TESTBED]
 *
 * +-------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------+---------+
 * | Intel Processors  | System [Desktop/Laptop]   | Status |  Date | Release |
 * +-------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------+---------+
 * | Core i7-920       | Asus Rampage II Gene [D]  |   OK   |Nightly| Nightly |
 * +-------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------+---------+
 * | Core 2 Duo T5500  | Acer Aspire 5633 [L]      |   OK   | 04/30 | 0.25-2  |
 * +-------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------+---------+
 * + Core 2 Quad Q8200 | Unknown [L]               |   OK   | 05/02 + 0.25-2  |
 * +-------------------+---------------------------+--------+-------+---------+
 *
 *
 *
 * [ISSUES]
 *
 * + The temperature thresholds MSR does not return any value.
 *     Need to investigate ACPI.
 *
 * + Fast-Strings reported as not available in CPUID but enabled in MSR.
 *
 * + The RAM timings are wrong when running with FreeBSD.
 *
 *
 *
 * [TODO]
 *
 *  Hardware
 * ----------
 *
 * + power energy performance counters : Postponed.
 *
 * + kernel module : to reduce cpu usage near to 0.01% : Merge with CoreFreq Linux driver.
 *
 * + memory fetch : to remove dependancies with the dmi_sysfs & msr Linux modules : Canceled.
 *     using a R/O mmap to "/dev/mem".
 *     rather use the msr assembler instruction.
 *
 * + GPU sensors.
 *     compile with the NVIDIA (first), the AMD & Intel frameworks (seconds) : Postponed.
 *
 * + scripting, editor, push alarms : write user defined bit values in MSR : Terminated.
 *
 *
 *  Graphical
 * -----------
 *
 * + power energy Widget using a slider to:
 *     select a Policy Preference in IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS , MSR_MISC_PWR_MGMT(0x1aa),
 *     set On-Demand Clock Modulation in IA32_CLOCK_MODULATION(0x19a) (duplicated for each Thread),
 *     enable / disable C1E in MSR_POWER_CTL(0x1fc): Done,
 *     C-State auto demotion with MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL(0xe2): Done.
 * + some button-switchs & sliders to enable/disable/set the PKG/Core features in the System Info Widget.
 * + resize footer separator w/ MDI : Postponed.
 *
 *
 *  Source code
 * -------------
 * + provide some configure and install scripts,
 *     ArchLinux PKGBUILD : Done.
 *     FreeBSD port: Partial.
 *
 *
 * [HISTORY]
 *
 * R 2.1.65 : 12/28/2015
 *         - GUI: added the screenshot of the focused widget w/ [Ctrl]+[s]
 *                  and the command argument '-S' to specify the output path.
 *
 * R 2.1.64 : 12/27/2015
 *         - GUI: Fix colors mgnt.
 *
 * R 2.1.63 : 12/25/2015
 *         - GUI: Font mgnt improved.
 *
 * R 2.1.62 : 12/23/2015
 *         - Bug fixes
 *
 * R 2.1.61 : 12/21/2015
 *         - GUI: improved management of colors and fonts.
 *
 * R 2.1.60 : 12/11/2015
 *         - GUI: geometry is able of such position -0-0
 *
 * R 2.1.59 : 11/28/2015
 *         - GUI: improved the geometry option.
 *
 * R 2.1.58 : 11/14/2015
 *         - Caches topology.
 *
 * R 2.1.57 : 10/17/2015
 *         - GUI: fixed warning [-Wlogical-not-parentheses]
 *
 * R 2.1.55 : 09/13/2015
 *         - Core2/Conroe/Yonah architecture added into database.
 *
 * R 2.1.54 : 09/12/2015
 *         - Architectures added into database:
 *             Atom_Airmont, Atom_Goldmont, Atom_Sofia, Atom_Merrifield, Atom_Moorefield,
 *             Broadwell, Broadwell_EP, Broadwell_H, Broadwell_EX,
 *             Skylake_UY, Skylake_S, Skylake_E
 *         - Default Atom base clock speed set to 100 MHz
 *
 * R 2.1.53-a: 07/13/2015
 *         - Fixed C7 average.
 *         - Fixed offline Cores in the TEMPS widget.
 *         - Left aligned topology list in the SYSINFO widget.
 *
 * R 2.1.52: 05/16/2015
 *         - Bit set calculator.
 *
 * R 2.1.51-a: 03/21/2015
 *         - Centered the header of the CORE widget.
 *
 * R 2.1.51: 03/21/2015
 *         - Fixed angles in XDrawArc().
 *         - Allow to redraw the SYSINFO widget with a [Refresh] button.
 *         - Changed the [Pause] button to a Decoration button.
 *         - Red theme.
 *         - Added Operating System data in the SYSINFO widget.
 *         - Redefined the footer in the CSTATES widget.
 *
 * R 2.1.50: 03/16/2015
 *         - New '-B' argument to enable SmBIOS. (default is disable in the server).
 *         - Redesigned the System Information as a tree.
 *         - Added C-States Auto Demotion & UnDemotion states into the SysInfo widget.
 *
 * R 2.1.49: 03/15/2015
 *         - Added Performance Monitoring details into the SYSINFO widget.
 *         - Implemented the CPUID MONITOR MWAIT Leaf.
 *         - Allow to enable, disable C3 and C1 auto demotion.
 *         - Enhanced the DUMP Widget w/ a list of MSR names.
 *
 * R 2.1.48-b: 03/08/2015
 *         - Because of FreeBSD, sscanf("%ms") are changed to "%s"
 *         - Modified the header in xfreq-cli
 *
 * R 2.1.48-a: 03/07/2015
 *         - Server: realigned the sched_debug parsing.
 *         - GUI: insufficient memory allocation storage fixed.
 *
 * R 2.1.48: 03/07/2015
 *         - Added header strings in CORE Widget.
 *         - Increase the MSR address field length in DUMP Widget.
 *         - Implemented the C7 state in Sandy Bridge and above. (remain ZERO with others).
 *         - Implemented the INST counter in Core architecture.
 *
 * R 2.1.47-a: 03/05/2015
 *         - Corrected IPC & CPI formulas using Non-halted reference cycles [URC] counter.
 *
 * R 2.1.47: 03/01/2015
 *         - Fixed few GUI issues and README file.
 *         - New counters & ratios outputs are available in xfreq-cli.
 *         - Added 3 performance ratios:
 *           IPS (Instructions Per Second),
 *           IPC (Instructions Per Cycle),
 *           CPI (Cycles Per Instruction),
 *         - Programmed the Instructions Retired counter. (Nehalem and above)
 *
 * R 2.1.46: 02/21/2015
 *         - Derive C1 state from others.
 *         - 64-bit Aux TSC can be now selected as a source to estimate clock frequency.
 *
 * R 2.1.45: 02/15/2015
 *         - Added new commands to "safely" enable, disable:
 *           EIST,
 *           C1E,
 *           TCC
 *
 * R 2.1.44-c: 02/14/2015
 *         - If MDI, fixed the buttons flashing color.
 *         - Added the Widget number in the geometry string option.
 *         - Changed the default Widgets layout to fit a 1280x1024 screen resolution.
 *         - The MSR dump Widget now defaults to non pageable.
 *
 * R 2.1.44-b: 02/09/2015
 *         - Fixed the buttons flashing color.
 *
 * R 2.1.44-a: 02/08/2015
 *         - The SysInfo refresh is more complete.
 *         - Commands lexicon changed to 'enable', 'disable' future features.
 *
 * R 2.1.44: 02/07/2015
 *         - Added new commands to engage, disengage processor features:
 *             turbo
 *
 * R 2.1.43-d: 02/01/2015
 *         - Fixed the MDI.
 *         - Refreshing the SysInfo Widget with [Ctrl]+[l] updates the msr in the Server.
 *
 * R 2.1.43-c: 01/31/2015
 *         - Added the serial # of the Motherboard in the SysInfo Widget.
 *         - Fixed the GUI synchronism with data returned by Server.
 *         - The History substitution is now activated by the [F12] key.
 *         - Enhanced the command line and its cursor.
 *         - Reverted changes to the Turbo Boost status: bit 38: 1=disable , 0=enable
 *
 * R 2.1.43-b: 01/30/2015
 *         - Fixed history & command line expansion; keys mgnt; menu.
 *
 * R 2.1.43-a: 01/29/2015
 *         - Keys management enhanced.
 *         - Fixed the Turbo Boost status.
 *
 * R 2.1.43: 01/28/2015
 *         - Provide an history of commands.
 *         - Added keys to the commands menu.
 *         - Added commands to read and write msr.
 *         - Added a command to change the msr dump array and the associated Core.
 *         - Resize the Widgets.
 *         - Fixed the C-state averages with the online CPU count.
 *
 * R 2.1.42-b: 01/20/2015
 *        - Now trace errors if compiled with DEBUG.
 *
 * R 2.1.42-a: 01/19/2015
 *        - Fixed boolean command line arguments.
 *        - Limit to one job the build process.
 *
 * R 2.1.42: 01/16/2015
 *        - Integrated SmBIOS using a fixed shared memory.
 *
 * R 2.1.41-b: 01/04/2015
 *        - Fixed threads synchronism timeout.
 *        - Provided a global Makefile.
 *        - Copied the frequency values​​ of the Atom from the Kernel source code.
 *
 * R 2.1.41-a: 01/03/2015
 *        - Preserve the MSR Counters in a Save Area.
 *        - Apply an atomic variable to server requests.
 *
 * R 2.1.41: 01/01/2015
 *        - Allow up to 64 clients
 *        - Fixed 64 bits atomic var.
 *
 * R 2.1.40: 12/28/2014
 *        - Threads synchronism is now managed with atomics variables.
 *        - Ported to FreeBSD.
 *
 * R 0.37 : 07/20/2014
 *        - Adding commands:
 *            get & set colors.
 *        - Allow to use numpad keys.
 *
 * R 0.36 : 07/14/2014
 *        - Display the Thermal Monitor activated state.
 *        - Fixed the buttons state.
 *
 * R 0.35 : 07/06/2014
 *        - Highlight buttons depending on state.
 *
 * R 0.34 : 07/05/2014
 *        - Added Thread buttons in the TEMP Widget to draw or not discrete temperature.
 *
 * R 0.33 : 06/26/2014
 *        - Draw the temperature per logical core.
 *
 * R 0.32 : 06/09/2014
 *        - New flags added to the System Information Widget:
 *            SYSCALL/SYSRET instructions enabled
 *            MTRR Default Type enabled
 *
 * R 0.31 : 06/04/2014 [unpublished]
 *        - XFreq for X11 is renamed to XFreq-Gui:
 *            it has been ported to the SHM and since runs with the regular user permissions.
 *        - Create a client as a code template. XFreq-Cli is a text mode client.
 *        - The XFreq-Intel server is the only process which now requires the root permissions.
 *        - Synchronization of the SHM using mutex and condition wait.
 *
 * R 0.30 : 05/29/2014 [unpublished]
 *        - Split the code into Client/Server.
 *        - Create a shared memory.
 *        - Un/serialize the data into the SHM.
 *
 * R 0.29 : 05/28/2014 [unpublished]
 *        - Mutex correction before rewriting the all part of the asynchronism.
 *        - Enhanced the Help banner.
 *
 * R 0.28 : 05/26/2014 SR-1 [RC1]
 *        - Fixed some typos.
 *
 * R 0.28 : 05/26/2014 SR-0
 *        - Added the '-v' option to print the version number.
 *        - Enhanced the '-i' option with a Splash attributes argument which allows to hide the Window and to defer the startup time.
 *        - Changed the bit field tests to avoid a potential stack overflow.
 *
 * R 0.27 : 05/24/2014 SR-2
 *        - While reinforcing integer data type variables, then scanning for errors with Valgrind, raised a duplicated definition of 'Status'
 *            with the header file X11/Xlib.h. Thus in the THERM_STATUS structure, the field has been renamed to 'StatusBit'.
 *
 * R 0.27 : 05/22/2014 SR-1
 *        - Fix: pointer to configFile and scanning options.
 *        - Fix: adjust space between task names when reverse sorting.
 *        - Fix: startup of task monitoring from settings file if no field defined.
 *
 * R 0.27 : 05/21/2014
 *        - Swap the arguments '-x' and '-a' associated with the option to disable the X ACL.
 *        - Recode the Widgets layout using geometries.
 *            use the option -g '[cols]x[rows]+[x]+[y], .. ,[cols]x[rows]+[x]+[y]'
 *        - Swap the arguments '-y', '-l' (Show the Core cycles) and  '-g' (Fill the graphics).
 *        - Removed the '-x' and '-y' arguments which were used to set the initial position of the MAIN Widget.
 *        - Allow to sort the task monitoring using the '-t' option followed by the field number.
 *            argument is like 0x{R}0{N} from [0x000 / 0x101 .. 0x10b]
 *              where {R} to reverse sorting and {N} is the field number in the /proc/sched_debug file.
 *
 * R 0.26 : 05/15/2014 SR-2
 *        - Display tasks with the highest execution time.
 *
 * R 0.26 : 05/10/2014
 *        - Simplify the Task Scheduler Monitoring thread to process only one file: "/proc/sched_debug"
 *
 * R 0.25 : 05/07/2014 SR-4
 *        - The feature 'Always on top' is implemented by invoking the Window Manager.
 *        - Widgets can be skipped from the WM taskbar using the option '-N'
 *        - The Window Manager decorations can be removed using the option '-n'
 *        - Added an icon to all windows, including the Splash one.
 *        - Fix the missing application class and title name required by the Gnome 3 task bar.
 *        - Fix "XIO:  fatal IO error 11 ..."
 *        - After moving a paused Widget the Cursor is restored to its previous shape.
 *        - The MAIN Widget is the only window which buffers the input keys.
 *
 * R 0.25 : 05/01/2014 SR-3
 *        - Written more details into the README file.
 *        - Fix few errors mentioned by Valgrind -;)
 *        - Fix some command line arguments:
 *            '-t' was a duplicate and has been replaced by '-o' to keep Widgets always on top;
 *            '-t' to boot the task scheduling monitor is now correctly saved into the settings file.
 *
 * R 0.25 : 04/30/2014 SR-2
 *        - When pressed, flash buttons with the COLOR_PULSE during a usleep of 50000.
 *            could be enhanced with a dedicated pixmap loop running its own thread.
 *        - Changed the default RGB value of _COLOR_GRAPH1 to 0xadadff , _COLOR_GRAPH2 to 0x50508a and _COLOR_GRAPH3 to 0x515172
 *        - With the none filled graphic mode activated:
 *            added the PID number instead of the ratio value if the [Ratio] button is pressed;
 *            modified the disposal and the scalling of the task command names;
 *            fix the text foreground color inside the Core usage rectangles.
 *
 * R 0.25 : 04/29/2014 SR-1
 *        - In the Core Widget, a button allows to switch graphic mode between filled or not.
 *        - Prints some perror().
 *        - Outputs a warning if file '/proc/sched_debug' cannot be opened.
 *
 * R 0.25 : 04/28/2014
 *        - Display the Task Scheduling in the Core Widget.
 *            start XFreq with the '-t' argument or click the [Task] button,
 *            then adjust the polling loop with buttons [+] and [-]
 *
 * R 0.24 : 04/25/2014
 *        - Added 2 arguments:
 *            '-C' to load and store settings from an alternate configuration file.
 *            '-U' with a bitmask of unmap Widgets.
 *
 * R 0.23 : 04/03/2014 SR-4
 *        - Store all Ratios in a Boost array which is also display at the section Boost of the Widget SysInfo.
 *        - Change the Code::Blocks project to be like the Makefile. Thus 'xfreq' is the only binary produced.
 *        - Check if an invariant TSC is available and display result in the SysInfo Widget.
 *        - Fixed some major memory leak.
 *            pthread : OK
 *            font : OK
 *            display : OK
 *            xrm database : still an issue
 *        - Change the argument '-h' to '-z' to show the frequencies in the Core Widget. the menu key is modified the same way.
 *        - Change the architecture detection to handle the processors of generation Core and above.
 *            So far, 3 arlgorithms are implemented in the following functions.
 *              uCycle_GenuineIntel(): C0 state only. Based on MSR IA32_APERF / IA32_MPERF
 *              uCycle_Core()        : C0 state only. Based on MSR IA32_FIXED_CTR1 / IA32_FIXED_CTR2
 *              uCycle_Nehalem()     : C0, C3, C6 states. Based on the fixed counters.
 *
 * R 0.23 : 03/30 2014 SR-3
 *        - Added an emergency exit function if a POSIX signal is caught.
 *
 * R 0.23 : 03/29 2014 SR-2
 *        - For any disable CPU:
 *            fixed the chart drawing in the CStates Widget
 *            change some texts in the SysInfo Widget.
 *        - Auto adjusting the width of the Widgets & the positions of Ratios & Temps values.
 *
 * R 0.23 : 03/28 2014 SR-1
 *        - Added the '-A' program argument to dump the list of compiled Architectures.
 *        - Fixed an infinite loop in uReadAPIC() which locks when processing with Core2 architectures.
 *
 * R 0.23 : 03/27 2014
 *        - Added the '-c' program argument to force specifications of another architecture.
 *        - Redefined the Architecture table to allow the addition of other Processors and their associated processing loop,
 *
 * R 0.22 : 03/26 2014 SR-5
 *        - Fixed a bug in uLoop() if G >= WIDGETS.
 *
 * R 0.22 : 03/25 2014 SR-4
 *        - Save & load colors from the settings file.
 *
 * R 0.22 : 03/24 2014 SR-3
 *        - Save settings into the '.xfreq' file in home directory.
 *
 * R 0.22 : 03/23 2014 SR-2
 *        - Load settings from .xfreq file in home directory.
 *        - Provid a new button to Reset the coldest temperature.
 *        - Added the '-i' command line argument to hide the Splash screen.
 *        - Fixed margins when in non MDI.
 *        - Fixed the scale of the Cold Temperature.
 *
 * R 0.22 : 03/20 2014 SR-1
 *        - Fixed the Splash startup.
 *
 * R 0.22 : 03/19 2014
 *        - The initial disposal of the Widgets is corrected.
 *        - Change the scale of the temperature graphic.
 *        - Added a splash screen during the initialization.
 *        - Postponed the Thermal thresholds treatment.
 *        - Display the followings into the System Info Widget:
 *            Hardware Lock Elision (HLE)
 *            Restricted Transactional Memory (RTE)
 *            All Turbo Boost Ratios
 *            BM1 / BM2
 *            Topology & State of CPU
 *            Performance Counters matrix
 *        - Removed the '-c' (per Core) argument.
 *            AnyThread Counters are now automatically set just after the Processor topology enumeration function.
 *
 * R 0.21 : 03/15 2014 SR-2
 *        - Allows to read the Base Clock frequency at a user's specified address in ROM memory.
 *            use the new command line argument '-M'
 *            defaults to 0xf08d9 + 0x12 which is the ASUS Rampage II GENE motherboard address.
 *
 * R 0.21 : 03/14 2014 SR-1
 *        - Fix the Topology algorithm to get a list of enabled CPU and show if HTT is enabled.
 *        - Fix a Graphic regression in the Widget Temperature. Now displays the coldest value.
 *
 * R 0.21 : 03/12 2014
 *        - Implemented an enumeration of the Processor topology to get a list of the activated Threads and Cores;
 *            and conclude if Hyperthreading is actually enabled.
 *
 * R 0.20 : 03/07 2014
 *        - Provide an option to select the Clock source between the TSC, BIOS, Specifications, ROM, and an user defined value.
 *            Use the '-S' command line argument or one of the buttons in the System Info Widget.
 *            The current source is displayed beside the Base Clock.
 *
 * R 0.19 : 03/06 2014 SR-2
 *        - Added a new Quit decoration button.
 *        - Modified the Minimize decoration button.
 *        - Fix the scrolling boundaries & the icon names updates.
 *
 * R 0.19 : 03/05 2014 SR-1
 *        - Fix the icons size & position.
 *        - To get a smoother motion, the Scrolling code has been reprogrammed using an additional pixmap.
 *
 * R 0.19 : 03/01 2014
 *        - Allow the Widget title to be still refreshed when the window is minimized, iconified or paused.
 *            By the way, when MDI is enabled, the title of the main window is updated with the top frequency & temperature.
 *        - Solved the Widgets moving issue using the 'ConfigureNotify' event.
 *            However the top frame border added by the WM is not counted in the Window position.
 *
 * R 0.18 : 02/27 2014 SR-3
 *        - Kernel NMI Watchdog must be disabled because it interferes XFreq when reading UNC & URC counters.
 *            to disable the watchdog, append the Kernel parameter nmi_watchdog=0
 *            or into Shell, echo "0" > /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog before starting XFreq.
 *
 *        - The semaphore locks the drawing thread when increasing, decreasing the loop idle time.
 *        - The loop idle time is displayed in the System Info Widget.
 *        - The Processor Brand name is now shown beside the System Info title :
 *            a new button [Brand] starts and stops this wallboard.
 *        - An new argument "-a" is provided to enable or disable X Access Control List".
 *
 * R 0.18 : 02/26 2014 SR-2
 *        - The decoration is now put on the top-right corner.
 *        - A message is output when Counters are reset.
 *
 * R 0.18 : 02/24 2014 SR-1
 *        - In case of counters overflowed, reset them.
 *        - In the System Info Widget, two buttons are added to increase, decrease the sleep time.
 *        - A "ReClock" button in the System Info Widget allows to re-estimate the Base Clock.
 *        - The Mouse Cursors are implemented.
 *        - Moving the Widgets is managed in both cases, with or without the MDI mode.
 *          Thus, no Window Manager is required. Use right mouse button to move a Widget.
 *
 * R 0.17 : 02/22 2014 SR-5
 *        - Clean up some code.
 *        - Added to System Info Widget the CPUID functions :
 *            leaf (0x6) Digital Thermal Sensor & Power Management
 *            leaf (0x7) Extended Feature Flags
 *            leaf (0xa) Performance Monitoring
 *
 * R 0.17 : 02/20 2014 SR-4
 *        - Display Ratio formula :
 *
 *            DisplayRatio=TurboRatio x State(C0) * MaxNonTurboRatio
 *              where
 *                  TurboRatio=Delta(UCC) / Delta(URC)
 *              and State(C0)=Delta(URC) / Delta(TSC)
 *              and MaxNonTurboRatio=MSR_PLATFORM_INFO[15-8]
 *
 * R 0.17 : 02/18 2014 SR-3
 *        - In Cycles calculation, test for 64 bits overflow.
 *
 * R 0.17 : 02/16 2014 SR-2
 *        - Added Decoration buttons.
 *        - Highlight button when clicked.
 *
 * R 0.17 : 02/15 2014 SR-1
 *        - Corrected the Turbo ratio calculation.
 *        - A Core frequency is displayed when the ratio is greater or equal 5
 *        - A minimized Widget has an associated icon button in the Main Widget right bar.
 *        - Cycle and C-State options are now dissociated.
 *
 * R 0.16 : 02/12 2014 SR-5
 *        - Registers Dump Widget is now auto refreshed.
 *        - [CTRL]+[P] or startup option '-p 1'prints the following :
 *            Raw Cycles values in the Core Widget.
 *            C-States % in its own Widget.
 *        - In the System Info Widget the Base Clock frequency is now printed below the Processor brand string.
 *
 * R 0.16 : 02/11 2014 SR-4
 *        - In main() provide a none stop program startup and log any missing prerequisites.
 *        - Modified Ratio & Frequency computation to Relative values.
 *
 * R 0.16 : 02/10 2014 SR-3
 *        - A few scripting commands are implemented.
 *        - The mouse is supported for some functions such as scrolling buttons and moving Widget.
 *        - Rolling back to an unique input buffer located in the MAIN Widget:
 *            some option keys need to be pressed with the [Control] key.
 *        - Simplify all code using macros:
 *            [Quarter][Half][One][Twice][Twice_Half]_Char_Width
 *            [Quarter][Half][One][Twice][Twice_Half]_Char_Height
 *
 * R 0.16 : 02/01 2014 SR-2
 *        - Implemented a global handling of input characters string.
 *
 * R 0.16 : 01/31 2014 SR-1
 *        - Added a new Widget to dump MSR registers in binary.
 *
 * R 0.16 : 01/29 2014
 *        - Read the TSC per logical Core using IA32_TIME_STAMP_COUNTER(0x10) rather than RDTSC instruction.
 *        - Integrate the Misc Processor Features into the System Info Widget. See IA32_MISC_ENABLE(0x1a0).
 *        - Attempt to handle the temperature Threshold values with IA32_THERM_INTERRUPT(0x19b) : no data !
 *
 * R 0.15 : 01/28 2014 SR-4
 *        - Reorganized the time critical part in the uCycle thread.
 *        - Reduced the CPU overhead in Events loop and the Drawing thread.
 *
 * R 0.15 : 01/24 2014 SR-3
 *        - Cosmetic changes with the MDI window. Use '-D 1' to enable the MDI.
 *        - Minimizing or unmapping a widget stops its drawing.
 *        - The command argument '-D' enables the Multiple Document Interface management mode.
 *        - The Widgets are now gracefully disposed.
 *        - Added an architecture table with default processors values.
 *        - Implemented the C3 and C6 C-States counters.
 *        - Create 2 new Widgets:
 *            C-States per Core and in Processor average.
 *            Temperature per Core and hottest.
 *        - Protect the drawing thread with a mutex.
 *        - Scroll the Processor brand name (Wallboard).
 *        - Changed the action associated with [Page Down] & [Page Up] keys.
 *        - The [+] and [-] keys of the NumPad allow to decrase or increase the idle time.
 *        - In the Core Widget :
 *            the [H] key hide / unhide the frequencies.
 *            the [P] key hide / unhide the C-States counters.
 *        - The System Information Widget now gathers all detail about Processor, RAM and BIOS.
 *
 * R 0.14 : 01/19 2014
 *        - Added the option '-c' to monitor the processor either per threads, either per cores.
 *        - The Cores load is now based on the C0 performance counter and relatively to the TSC.
 *
 * R 0.13 : 01/14 2014 SR-1
 *        - The program is changed from 2 to 3 threads:
 *            uCycle to compute the actual frequency.
 *            uDraw to paint the foreground.
 *            uLoop to handle X events. (called by the main thread)
 *        - The calculation of the Cores frequency is now as follow :
 *            (Base Operating Ratio) x (Delta of Unhalted Cycles) x (Bus CLOCK frequency)
 *
 * R 0.12 : 01/14 2014
 *        - Use the MSR performance counters to provide a better computation accuracy of the Cores frequency multiplier.
 *        - Intel Core Architecture detected.
 *        - Blink yellow when in pause mode.
 *
 * R 0.11 : 01/09 2014
 *        - add specifications pages for Processor (features), RAM (timings & channels count) and BIOS (BCLK).
 *            press [F1] to get help and scroll with arrow keys.
 *        - provide a compact string for processor brand.
 *        - better font support.
 *            layout scaling is based on loaded font.
 *            "fixed" font as a default.
 *
 * R 0.10 : 01/04 2014
 *        - the MSR readings are optimized a little bit, however turbo ratios don't show up yet.
 *        - drawing is now done with 2 pixmaps :
 *            B, for the background layout,
 *            F, to display the dynamics.
 *        - the event loop does not sleep anymore but waits for any event on the socket.
 *        - the '-a' argument allows to show the activity of the loop.
 *        - transparency only works with a composite manager.
 *        - the project is ported to Code::Blocks, however not delivered yet.
 *        - semaphore lock is still questioned ?
 * R 0.09 : 01/01 2014
 *        - PAUSE key to suspend drawing.
 *        - double buffering.
 *        - pseudo transparency with any window id (see option -D[esktop]).
 *        - read SMBIOS @ 0x24 to get the true number of active Core threads (instead of CPUID).
 *        - some drawing alignment; text scaling; coloring based on the ratios.
 *        - add the temperature & a few spaces in the application title name.
 *        - inform the WM of the Widget fixed size : no resize faisable.
 *        - new option -s to set the idle time (micro-seconds) inside function uExec().
 *        - leave Event Loop, uLoop() as the main thread.
 * R 0.08 : Widget ready as a beta release.
 * R 0.01 to 0.07 : initial source code.
 *
 *
 *
 * [DOCUMENTATION]
 *
 * +-----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | (1) | Intel 64 and IA-32 Software Developer Manual Vol 3A 3B 3C                                  |
 * +-----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | (2) | DMTF: System Management BIOS (SMBIOS) Reference Specification                              |
 * +-----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | (3) | Intel Turbo Boost Technology in Intel CoreTM Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Based Processors  |
 * +-----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 * | (4) | Micron Technology: Technical Note DDR3 Power-Up, Initialization, and Reset                 |
 * +-----+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 *
 */