bib.json

[
  {
    "id": "afonsoElectoralReligiousCorrelates2022",
    "abstract": "Vaccination campaigns amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been extensively politicized in a number of countries. Controlling for a number of demographic, social and economic factors, we find a negative statistical relationship between the aggregate vote share of the populist-right wing Forum for Democracy and the vaccination rate against COVID-19 across Dutch municipalities. We also find a negative relationship between the proportion of individuals with reformed Protestant and Muslim religious beliefs. These relationships can possibly be related to religious worldviews or mistrust towards authority. These results show that the politicization of health behaviours can have detrimental effects on public health campaigns.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Afonso", "given": "Alexandre" },
      { "family": "Votta", "given": "Fabio" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "afonsoElectoralReligiousCorrelates2022",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/eurpub/ckac112",
    "ISSN": "1101-1262",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 11, 29]] },
    "page": "985-987",
    "title": "Electoral and religious correlates of COVID-19 vaccination rates in Dutch municipalities",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "32"
  },
  {
    "id": "angelsenHealthinessEnvironmentalImpact2023",
    "abstract": "Individuals' food choices are typically based on recipes, not specific ingredients. This study compares almost 600 dinner recipes from the UK, the USA and Norway in terms of healthiness and environmental impact-including adherence to dietary guidelines and aggregate health indicators, as well as greenhouse gas emissions and land use. Contrary to food ingredients, little is known about recipes' healthiness or environmental impact. Here we examine 600 dinner recipes from Norway, the UK and the USA retrieved from cookbooks and the Internet. Recipe healthiness was assessed by adherence to dietary guidelines and aggregate health indicators based on front-of-pack nutrient labels, while environmental impact was assessed through greenhouse gas emissions and land use. Our results reveal that recipe healthiness strongly depends on the healthiness indicator used, with more than 70% of the recipes being classified as healthy for at least one front-of-pack label, but less than 1% comply with all dietary guidelines. All healthiness indicators correlated positively with each other and negatively with environmental impact. Recipes from the USA, found to use more red meat, have a higher environmental impact than those from Norway and the UK.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Angelsen", "given": "Aslaug" },
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain D." },
      { "family": "Trattner", "given": "Christoph" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "angelsenHealthinessEnvironmentalImpact2023",
    "container-title": "NATURE FOOD",
    "DOI": "10.1038/s43016-023-00746-5",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 5]] },
    "page": "407+",
    "title": "Healthiness and environmental impact of dinner recipes vary widely across developed countries",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "antsipavaWhatDrivesBlockchain2024",
    "abstract": "This study examines factors that encourage and discourage blockchain technology adoption in the online advertising ecosystem from a multi-stakeholder perspective. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and analysed through the lens of the Interactive Communication Technology Adoption Model (ICTAM) as a guiding framework. The findings reveal that all factors of the ICTAM (system, audience, social, technology, adoption, and use) influence blockchain adoption simultaneously and often in contradictory ways. This study has several contributions. It is among the first to investigate blockchain adoption in online advertising, and from a communication perspective. It extends the application of the ICTAM to a whole ecosystem perspective and identifies which factors are essential for successful blockchain adoption in online advertising. The study concludes that while blockchain technology is a promising solution to challenges afflicting online advertising, more education about blockchain's potential, favourable regulation, and ready-to-use applications are needed before wide-scale adoption can be realised.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Antsipava", "given": "Dasha" },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      {
        "family": "Reijmersdal",
        "given": "Eva A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Noort", "given": "Guda", "non-dropping-particle": "van" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "antsipavaWhatDrivesBlockchain2024",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114381",
    "ISSN": "0148-2963",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2024", 1]] },
    "title": "What drives blockchain technology adoption in the online advertising ecosystem? An interview study into stakeholders' perspectives",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "171"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoAIWeTrust2020",
    "abstract": "Fueled by ever-growing amounts of (digital) data and advances in artificial intelligence, decision-making in contemporary societies is increasingly delegated to automated processes. Drawing from social science theories and from the emerging body of research aboutalgorithmic appreciationand algorithmic perceptions, the current study explores the extent to which personal characteristics can be linked to perceptions of automated decision-making by AI, and the boundary conditions of these perceptions, namely the extent to which such perceptions differ across media, (public) health, and judicial contexts. Data from a scenario-based survey experiment with a national sample (N = 958) show that people are by and large concerned about risks and have mixed opinions about fairness and usefulness of automated decision-making at a societal level, with general attitudes influenced by individual characteristics. Interestingly, decisions taken automatically by AI were often evaluatedon paror evenbetterthan human experts for specific decisions. Theoretical and societal implications about these findings are discussed.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoAIWeTrust2020",
    "container-title": "AI & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s00146-019-00931-w",
    "ISSN": "0951-5666",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 9]] },
    "page": "611-623",
    "title": "In AI we trust? Perceptions about automated decision-making by artificial intelligence",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "35"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoAutomatedVisualContent2020",
    "abstract": "The increasing volume of images published online in a wide variety of contexts requires communication researchers to address this reality by analyzing visual content at a large scale. Ongoing advances in computer vision to automatically detect objects, concepts, and features in images provide a promising opportunity for communication research. We propose a research protocol for Automated Visual Content Analysis (AVCA) to enable large-scale content analysis of images. It offers inductive and deductive ways to use commercial pre-trained models for theory building in communication science. Using the example of corporations' website images on sustainability, we show in a step-by-step fashion how to classify a large sample (N = 21,876) of images with unsupervised and supervised machine learning, as well as custom models. The possibilities and pitfalls of these approaches are discussed, ethical issues are addressed, and application examples for future communication research are detailed.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Lock", "given": "Irina" },
      { "family": "Velde", "given": "Bob", "non-dropping-particle": "van de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoAutomatedVisualContent2020",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2020.1810648",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 10, 1]] },
    "page": "239-265",
    "title": "Automated Visual Content Analysis (AVCA) in Communication Research: A Protocol for Large Scale Image Classification with Pre-Trained Computer Vision Models",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoCommunicatingEffectivelyCSR2018",
    "abstract": "Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication is becoming increasingly important for brands and companies. Social media such as Twitter may be platforms particularly suited to this topic, given their ability to foster dialogue and content diffusion. The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors driving the effectiveness of CSR communication on Twitter, with a focus on the communication strategies and elements of storytelling. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 281,291 tweets from top global companies in the food sector, automated content analysis (including supervised machine learning) was used to investigate the influence of CSR communication, emotion, and aspirational talk on the likelihood that Twitter users will retweet and like tweets from the companies. Findings The findings highlight the importance of aspirational talk and engaging users in CSR messages. Furthermore, the study revealed that the companies and brands on Twitter that tweeted more frequently about CSR were associated with higher overall levels of content diffusion and endorsement. Originality/value This study provides important insights into key aspects of communicating about CSR issues on social networking sites such as Twitter and makes several practical recommendations for companies.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Kollat", "given": "Jana" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoCommunicatingEffectivelyCSR2018",
    "container-title": "INTERNET RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1108/IntR-04-2017-0172",
    "ISSN": "1066-2243",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "419-431",
    "title": "Communicating effectively about CSR on Twitter: The power of engaging strategies and storytelling elements",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "28"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoFriendMeWhich2012",
    "abstract": "Purpose - This study focuses on how brands participate in social network sites (SNSs) and investigates both the different strategies they adopt and the factors that influence these strategies. Design/methodology/approach - The activities of top brands in SNSs were investigated through a content analysis of brand web sites in three countries, measuring two primary dimensions: presence in SNSs and level of engagement which the brand hoped to establish with stakeholders. The study then built logistic regression models to understand which factors drive brands to adopt and use SNSs, using insights from previous studies related to internet innovation adoption cycles. Findings - The study confirmed that SNS adoption follows a general path of Internet innovation adoption by brands. Industry markets exert influence, with technology and consumer intensive brands being more likely than all other industry segments to be present in SNSs and to participate at higher engagement levels, while brands targeting younger audiences also engage at higher levels than brands targeting generic audiences. The country in which the brand operates plays a significant role in a brand's likelihood of adopting SNSs: web sites in the USA are more likely to use SNSs than other countries, even after controlling for factors such as pre-existing web operations or the headquarters being in the same country. It was also found that top brands operate in a global world, as shown by their preference for SNSs with global coverage compared to local SNS, even when the penetration rates of these local SNSs were higher. Originality/value - The paper advances research on SNS adoption by brands from an organizational standpoint, at a time when the majority of the top global brands actively promote such services.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Neijens", "given": "Peter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoFriendMeWhich2012",
    "container-title": "INTERNET RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1108/10662241211271581",
    "ISSN": "1066-2243",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2012"]] },
    "page": "626-640",
    "title": "Friend me: which factors influence top global brands participation in social network sites",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoGettingWordOut2017",
    "abstract": "Using a sample of over 5300 tweets from top global brands, this study investigated how different types of users can influence brand content diffusion via retweets. Twitter users who influenced followers to retweet brand content were categorized as (1) influentials, because of their above average ability to influence others to retweet their tweets (in general), (2) information brokers, because of their position connecting groups of users or (3) having strong ties, because of their high percentage of friends in common and a mutual friend follower relationship with the influenced follower. The results indicate that influentials and information brokers are associated with larger number of retweets for brand content. In addition, although information brokers have a larger overall influence on retweeting, they are more prone to do so when influentials are mentioned in the brand tweet, providing support for the strategy that aims to associate the brand with influential users.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Neijens", "given": "Peter" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoGettingWordOut2017",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/02650487.2016.1173765",
    "ISSN": "0265-0487",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "496-513",
    "title": "Getting the word out on Twitter: the role of influentials, information brokers and strong ties in building word-of-mouth for brands",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "36"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoHowMuchTime2017",
    "abstract": "Given the importance of survey measures of online media use for communication research, it is crucial to assess and improve their quality, in particular because the increasingly fragmented and ubiquitous usage of internet complicates the accuracy of self-reported measures. This study contributes to the discussion regarding the accuracy of self-reported internet use by presenting relevant factors potentially affecting biases of self-reports and testing survey design strategies to improve accuracy. Combining automatic tracking data and survey data from the same participants (N = 690) confirmed low levels of accuracy and tendencies of over-reporting. The analysis revealed biases due to a range of factors associated with the intensity of (actual) internet usage, propensity to multitask, day of reference, and the usage of mobile devices. An anchoring technique could not be proved to reduce inaccuracies of reporting behavior. Several recommendations for research practice follow from these findings.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Wonneberger", "given": "Anke" },
      { "family": "Neijens", "given": "Peter" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoHowMuchTime2017",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2017.1317337",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "173-190",
    "title": "How Much Time Do You Spend Online? Understanding and Improving the Accuracy of Self-Reported Measures of Internet Use",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "11"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoHumansVsAI2023",
    "abstract": "Automated decision making (ADM) is increasingly prominent in our experiences with communication technologies and more broadly in our society. Understanding what drives individual perceptions of AI is crucial. This study presents the results of a survey across 10 European countries (N = 6,643), confirming trust and political attitudes as general drivers of perceptions of AI, especially in the media sector. Individuals who score higher on institutional trust are more positive about AI for news recommendations and user and content moderation. Conversely, individuals with higher media trust are more negative about AI for news (creation or recommendation). Those leaning toward the right-wing political orientation are more positive about AI for news, whereas those more distant from the political center are more negative about AI-for media-specific tasks and for society more broadly. Sociodemographics, the need for cognition, privacy concerns, and online self-efficacy are also relevant in these evaluations.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Brosius", "given": "Anna" },
      { "family": "Goldberg", "given": "Andreas C." },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoHumansVsAI2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023"]] },
    "page": "6222-6249",
    "title": "Humans vs. AI: The Role of Trust, Political Attitudes, and Individual Characteristics on Perceptions about Automated Decision Making Across Europe",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "17"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoImpactSharingBrand2019",
    "abstract": "Social Networking Sites (SNSs) not only enable users to read or create content about brands, but also to easily pass along this content using information diffusion mechanisms such as retweeting or sharing. While these capabilities can be optimal for viral marketing, little is known, however, about how reading brand messages passed along by SNS contacts influences online brand communication outcomes. Results of a survey with active SNS users indicate that (1) message evaluation, (2) the relationship with the sender, and (3) the receiver's opinion leadership and opinion-seeking levels influence not only the receiver's intention to pass along the message further, but also his or her attitude towards the brand. The implications of these findings are discussed, including how these capabilities brought on by SNSs change the brand-consumer relationship online.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" }],
    "citation-key": "araujoImpactSharingBrand2019",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2018-2004",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 6]] },
    "page": "162-184",
    "title": "The impact of sharing brand messages: How message, sender and receiver characteristics influence brand attitudes and information diffusion on Social Networking Sites",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "44"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoLargePlaygroundExamining2022",
    "abstract": "This study explores the short- and long-term expectations about adoption of conversational agents in the organizational frontline. Drawing from in-depth interviews with managers and developers in organizations that have implemented these agents, it sheds light on how the deployment of and collaboration with technology-based autonomous agents influences service activities, and expectations of changes in organizational processes. The interviews revealed that implementations are done on a rather iterative and experimental basis, often balancing the current limits of technology while aiming at improved efficiency, augmenting the work of frontline employees, and meeting the ever-growing demands from consumers.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Zoonen", "given": "Ward", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      {
        "family": "Hoeven",
        "given": "Claartje",
        "non-dropping-particle": "ter"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoLargePlaygroundExamining2022",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT",
    "DOI": "10.1142/S0219877022500249",
    "ISSN": "0219-8770",
    "issue": "07",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 11]] },
    "title": "“A Large Playground”: Examining the Current State and Implications of Conversational Agent Adoption in Organizations",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "19"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoLivingChatbotHype2018",
    "abstract": "Disembodied conversational agents in the form of chatbots are increasingly becoming a reality on social media and messaging applications, and are a particularly pressing topic for service encounters with companies. Adopting an experimental design with actual chatbots powered with current technology, this study explores the extent to which human-like cues such as language style and name, and the framing used to introduce the chatbot to the consumer can influence perceptions about social presence as well as mindful and mindless anthropomorphism. Moreover, this study investigates the relevance of anthropomorphism and social presence to important company-related outcomes, such as attitudes, satisfaction and the emotional connection that consumers feel with the company after interacting with the chatbot. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" }],
    "citation-key": "araujoLivingChatbotHype2018",
    "container-title": "COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.051",
    "ISSN": "0747-5632",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 8]] },
    "page": "183-189",
    "title": "Living up to the chatbot hype: The influence of anthropomorphic design cues and communicative agency framing on conversational agent and company perceptions",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "85"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoNewsValuesSocial2020",
    "abstract": "Since news circulation increasingly takes place online, the public has gained the capacity to influence the salience of topics on the agenda, especially when it comes to social media. Considering increased scrutiny about organizations, this study aims to understand what causes heightened activity to organization-related topics among Twitter users. We explore the extent to which news value theory, news coverage, and influential actors can explain peaks in Twitter activity about organizations. Based on a dataset of 1.8 million tweets about 18 organizations, the findings show that the news values social impact, geographical closeness, facticity, as well as certain influential actors, can explain the intensity of online activities. Moreover, the results advocate for a more nuanced understanding of the relation between news media and social media users, as indications of reversed agenda-setting patterns were observed.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoNewsValuesSocial2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884918809299",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "5, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 5]] },
    "page": "633-651",
    "title": "News values on social media: Exploring what drives peaks in user activity about organizations on Twitter",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoPurchasingExposureFostering2020",
    "abstract": "Over the past 40 years, we have witnessed seismic shifts in advertising planning and buying processes. Due in no small part to the emergence of digital media, consumer choices have mushroomed, while advertisers understand much more about target audiences. Advertising activities have been drastically transformed by the possibilities that technology creates for targeting and measurement, automation of activities via programmatic advertising, and an overall computational approach in which algorithmic, data-driven decisions dominate. In this era, what does it mean to “do media planning” and to do it well? The present article argues for planning decisions to move away from simply purchasing exposure to instead focusing on fostering engagement through meaningful and sustained interactions with consumers. It provides an overview of the digital ecosystem that makes computational advertising possible, updates the notion of consumer engagement for this context, and reviews how measurement becomes more central to media planning decisions. Ethical and normative considerations and computational advertising as an adaptive learning system are discussed as crosscutting issues, followed by a proposed research agenda.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Copulsky", "given": "Jonathan R." },
      { "family": "Hayes", "given": "Jameson L." },
      { "family": "Kim", "given": "Su Jung" },
      { "family": "Srivastava", "given": "Jaideep" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoPurchasingExposureFostering2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/00913367.2020.1795756",
    "ISSN": "0091-3367",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 8, 7]] },
    "page": "428-445",
    "title": "From Purchasing Exposure to Fostering Engagement: Brand-Consumer Experiences in the Emerging Computational Advertising Landscape",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "49"
  },
  {
    "id": "araujoWhatMotivatesConsumers2015",
    "abstract": "How do certain cues influence pass-along behavior (re-Tweeting) of brand messages on Twitter? Analyzing 19,343 global brand messages over a three-year period, the authors of this article found that informational cues were predictors of higher levels of re-Tweeting, particularly product details and links to a brand's website, social network sites, and photos or videos. And, although emotional cues did not influence re-Tweeting on their own, they reinforced the effects of informational cues and traceability cues (hashtags) when combined in the same message. In other words, Twitter users especially are interested in messages that are rich in informational content.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Neijens", "given": "Peter" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "araujoWhatMotivatesConsumers2015",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.2501/JAR-2015-009",
    "ISSN": "0021-8499",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2015", 9]] },
    "page": "284-295",
    "title": "What Motivates Consumers To Re-Tweet Brand Content? The Impact of Information, Emotion, And Traceability on Pass-Along Behavior",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "55"
  },
  {
    "id": "aslettWhatWasProblem2022",
    "abstract": "Agenda setting and issue framing research investigates how frames impact public attention, policy decisions, and political outcomes. Social media sites, such as Twitter, provide opportunities to study framing dynamics in an important area of political discourse. We present a method for identifying frames in tweets and measuring their effectiveness. We use topic modeling combined with manual validation to identify recurrent problem frames and topics in thousands of tweets by gun rights and gun control groups following the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, shooting. We find that each side used Twitter to advance policy narratives about the problem in Parkland. Gun rights groups' narratives implied that more gun restrictions were not the solution. Their most effective frame focused on officials' failures to enforce existing laws. In contrast, gun control groups portrayed easy access to guns as the problem and emphasized the importance of mobilizing politically to force change.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Aslett", "given": "Kevin" },
      { "family": "Williams", "given": "Nora Webb" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Zuidema", "given": "Wesley" },
      { "family": "Wilkerson", "given": "John" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "aslettWhatWasProblem2022",
    "container-title": "POLICY STUDIES JOURNAL",
    "DOI": "10.1111/psj.12410",
    "ISSN": "0190-292X",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 2]] },
    "page": "266-289",
    "title": "What Was the Problem in Parkland? Using Social Media to Measure the Effectiveness of Issue Frames",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "50"
  },
  {
    "id": "badenThreeGapsComputational2022",
    "abstract": "We identify three gaps that limit the utility and obstruct the progress of computational text analysis methods (CTAM) for social science research. First, we contend that CTAM development has prioritized technological over validity concerns, giving limited attention to the operationalization of social scientific measurements. Second, we identify a mismatch between CTAMs' focus on extracting specific contents and document-level patterns, and social science researchers' need for measuring multiple, often complex contents in the text. Third, we argue that the dominance of English language tools depresses comparative research and inclusivity toward scholarly communities examining languages other than English. We substantiate our claims by drawing upon a broad review of methodological work in the computational social sciences, as well as an inventory of leading research publications using quantitative textual analysis. Subsequently, we discuss implications of these three gaps for social scientists' uneven uptake of CTAM, as well as the field of computational social science text research as a whole. Finally, we propose a research agenda intended to bridge the identified gaps and improve the validity, utility, and inclusiveness of CTAM.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Baden", "given": "Christian" },
      { "family": "Pipal", "given": "Christian" },
      { "family": "Schoonvelde", "given": "Martijn" },
      {
        "family": "Velden",
        "given": "Mariken A. C. G.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "badenThreeGapsComputational2022",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2021.2015574",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 1, 2]] },
    "page": "1-18",
    "title": "Three Gaps in Computational Text Analysis Methods for Social Sciences: A Research Agenda",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "ballardBeCarefulWhat2021",
    "abstract": "We analyze the effects of President Trump's endorsements on House and Senate elections in 2018. Previous work has argued that presidential endorsements are usually positive or, at worst, neutral for the recipient candidates. We find that President Trump was more likely to endorse candidates with a higher pre-endorsement likelihood of winning and to endorse candidates in more competitive races, suggesting the president used endorsements strategically both to try and help Republican candidates win and to boost his reputation for helping candidates win. However, while President Trump's public endorsements provided a financial boost to endorsed candidates, they also increased donor support of opposing candidates and were ultimately detrimental to candidates' vote shares and likelihood of winning. This work provides evidence for potential backlash effects among opposition voters in response to presidential endorsement in a nationalized political environment and expands our understanding of the impact of presidential campaigning in congressional midterm elections.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ballard", "given": "Andrew O." },
      { "family": "Hassell", "given": "Hans J. G." },
      { "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ballardBeCarefulWhat2021",
    "container-title": "LEGISLATIVE STUDIES QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1111/lsq.12284",
    "ISSN": "0362-9805",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 5]] },
    "page": "459-491",
    "title": "Be Careful What You Wish For: The Impacts of President Trump's Midterm Endorsements",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "46"
  },
  {
    "id": "ballardDynamicsPolarizingRhetoric2023",
    "abstract": "Affective polarization is pervasive in modern US politics, and can be intensified by strategic messaging from members of Congress. But there are gaps in our knowledge of the dynamics of polarizing appeals from elected representatives on social media. We explore the usage of polarizing rhetoric by members of Congress on Twitter using the 4.9 million tweets sent by members of Congress from 2009 to 2020, coded for the presence of polarizing rhetoric via a novel and highly accurate application of supervised machine learning methods. Fitting with our expectations, we find that more ideologically extreme members, those from safer districts, and those who are not in the president's party are more likely to send polarizing tweets, and that polarizing tweets garner more engagement, increasing campaign funding for more polarizing members.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ballard", "given": "Andrew O." },
      { "family": "DeTamble", "given": "Ryan" },
      { "family": "Dorsey", "given": "Spencer" },
      { "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Johnson", "given": "Marcus" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ballardDynamicsPolarizingRhetoric2023",
    "container-title": "LEGISLATIVE STUDIES QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1111/lsq.12374",
    "ISSN": "0362-9805",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 2]] },
    "page": "105-144",
    "title": "Dynamics of Polarizing Rhetoric in Congressional Tweets",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "ballardIncivilityCongressionalTweets2022",
    "abstract": "Civility in political discourse is often thought to be necessary for deliberation and a healthy democracy. However, incivility is on the rise in political discourse in the United States-even from members of Congress-suggesting that political incivility may in fact be a tool to be used strategically. When and why, then, do members of Congress use incivility in their rhetoric? We develop and test expectations for the usage of political incivility by members of Congress on Twitter, using every tweet sent by a member of Congress from 2009-2020 coded for the presence of uncivil rhetoric via a novel application of transformer models for natural language processing. We find that more ideologically extreme members, those in safer electoral situations, and those who are in a position of political opposition are more likely to use incivility in their tweets, and that uncivil tweets increase engagement with members' messages.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ballard", "given": "Andrew" },
      { "family": "DeTamble", "given": "Ryan" },
      { "family": "Dorsey", "given": "Spencer" },
      { "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Johnson", "given": "Marcus" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ballardIncivilityCongressionalTweets2022",
    "container-title": "AMERICAN POLITICS RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1532673X221109516",
    "ISSN": "1532-673X",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 11]] },
    "page": "769-780",
    "title": "Incivility in Congressional Tweets",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "50"
  },
  {
    "id": "banaiPollsTrendsTrendsPublic2022",
    "abstract": "This article presents trends in public opinion toward immigration in the European Union (EU), between 2002 and 2018. Immigration is a salient and contentious issue in contemporary politics across Europe and is used by Eurosceptic parties in both government and opposition to mobilize support. Public opinion data-drawn from the European Social Survey and the Eurobarometer-reveals the following noteworthy trends over the past two decades. First, positive public attitudes toward immigration have increased across member states, with a temporary setback in 2015-16. Second, immigration is a divisive issue throughout the EU. While public opinion in some regions generally favors immigration, opinion is divided everywhere. Third, despite regional variations between northern, western, and southern Europe, EU-wide trends suggest the emergence of a collective public opinion, crossing national borders. Fourth, despite vocal political opposition to immigration, solid majorities of the public view immigration favorably over time and across regions. To the numerous studies of European public opinion on immigration, this article contributes a useful overview of the long-term trends, with regional and EU-wide presentation and data visualization.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Banai", "given": "Ayelet" },
      { "family": "Votta", "given": "Fabio" },
      { "family": "Seitz", "given": "Rosa" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "banaiPollsTrendsTrendsPublic2022",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1093/poq/nfac001",
    "ISSN": "0033-362X",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 3, 18]] },
    "page": "191-215",
    "title": "The Polls-Trends Trends in Public Opinion toward Immigration among EU Member States",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "86"
  },
  {
    "id": "barberaWhoLeadsWho2019",
    "abstract": "Are legislators responsive to the priorities of the public? Research demonstrates a strong correspondence between the issues about which the public cares and the issues addressed by politicians, but conclusive evidence about who leads whom in setting the political agenda has yet to be uncovered. We answer this question with fine-grained temporal analyses of Twitter messages by legislators and the public during the 113thUSCongress. After employing an unsupervised methodthat classifies tweets sent by legislators and citizens into topics, we use vector autoregression models to explore whose priorities more strongly predict the relationship between citizens and politicians. We find that legislators are more likely to follow, than to lead, discussion of public issues, results that hold even after controlling for the agenda-setting effects of the media. We also find, however, that legislators are more likely to be responsive to their supporters than to the general public.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Barbera", "given": "Pablo" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Nagler", "given": "Jonathan" },
      { "family": "Egan", "given": "Patrick J." },
      { "family": "Bonneau", "given": "Richard" },
      { "family": "Jost", "given": "John T." },
      { "family": "Tucker", "given": "Joshua A." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "barberaWhoLeadsWho2019",
    "container-title": "AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1017/S0003055419000352",
    "ISSN": "0003-0554",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 11]] },
    "page": "883-901",
    "title": "Who Leads? Who Follows? Measuring Issue Attention and Agenda Setting by Legislators and the Mass Public Using Social Media Data",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "113"
  },
  {
    "id": "bauerMindfulInstantMessaging2017",
    "abstract": "The number of smartphone users surpassed two billion in 2016; the most popular applications are instant messengers. However, research about benefits and risks for users has yielded contradictory findings and indicates that the relation between smartphone use and well-being depends on many conditions. We propose mindfulness as a predictor of well-being related to instant messaging. In our study, 211 participants answered short questionnaires on the evenings of five consecutive days. Multilevel analyses showed that a mindful use of instant messaging was positively related to users' well-being, as indicated by more positive affect and less stress related to instant messaging. Moreover, the relation between day-specific mindfulness and well-being was statistically mediated by a more autonomous motivation to use instant messengers.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Bauer", "given": "Arne A." },
      { "family": "Loy", "given": "Laura S." },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Schneider", "given": "Frank M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "bauerMindfulInstantMessaging2017",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY-THEORIES METHODS AND APPLICATIONS",
    "DOI": "10.1027/1864-1105/a000225",
    "ISSN": "1864-1105",
    "issue": "3, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "159-165",
    "title": "Mindful Instant Messaging Mindfulness and Autonomous Motivation as Predictors of Well-Being in Smartphone Communication",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "29"
  },
  {
    "id": "bazarovaIntegrationIndividualisticNetworked2020",
    "abstract": "In this paper, we review three different approaches to disclosure and privacy: a) an individualistic approach, which emphasizes an individual's control over information access and flow, b) a networked approach focused on information flow in horizontal relations between people, and c) an institutional approach concerned with public and societal privacy risks from platforms, providers, and governments. These approaches coexist largely independently of each other in privacy and disclosure literature. However, with overlapping public and private spheres of communication where a presumption of individual agency over personal information is no longer tenable, we argue for the importance of bridging these perspectives towards a more multifaceted view on online disclosure and privacy in a networked ecology.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Bazarova", "given": "Natalya N." },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "bazarovaIntegrationIndividualisticNetworked2020",
    "container-title": "CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.05.004",
    "ISSN": "2352-250X",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 12]] },
    "page": "118-123",
    "title": "Towards an integration of individualistic, networked, and institutional approaches to online disclosure and privacy in a networked ecology",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "36"
  },
  {
    "id": "beukeboomNegationBiasStereotype2020",
    "abstract": "Research on linguistic biases shows that stereotypic expectancies are implicitly reflected in language and thereby subtly communicated to message recipients. Research on the Negation Bias shows that the use of negations (e.g., not stupid vs. smart) is more pronounced in descriptions of stereotype-inconsistent compared with stereotype-consistent behaviors. This article reports a replication study of the original research conducted in Dutch, using newly developed materials, and in five different languages: English, Dutch, Hungarian, Finnish, and Serbian. The results validate the existence of the Negation Bias in all five languages. This suggests that negation use serves a similar stereotype-maintaining function across language families.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Beukeboom", "given": "Camiel J." },
      { "family": "Burgers", "given": "Christian" },
      { "family": "Szabo", "given": "Zsolt P." },
      { "family": "Cvejic", "given": "Slavica" },
      { "family": "Lonnqvist", "given": "Jan-Erik M." },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "beukeboomNegationBiasStereotype2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0261927X19869759",
    "ISSN": "0261-927X",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 3]] },
    "page": "219-236",
    "title": "The Negation Bias in Stereotype Maintenance: A Replication in Five Languages",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "39"
  },
  {
    "id": "bischofUseUsefulnessPValues2019",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Bischof", "given": "Daniel" },
      { "family": "Van der Velden", "given": "Mariken" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "bischofUseUsefulnessPValues2019",
    "container-title": "SWISS POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1111/spsr.12376",
    "ISSN": "1424-7755",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 11, 6]] },
    "title": "The Use and Usefulness of <i>p</i>-Values in Political Science: Introduction",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "boermanHowCanWe2023",
    "abstract": "This study investigates which intervention strategies most effectively increase privacy protection behavior. Drawing upon Protection Motivation Theory, we examine the short- and long-term effects of (combinations) of three strategies: (1) increasing awareness of the threat to privacy, (2) training effective privacy protection behavior, and (3) addressing and combating privacy fatigue. We conducted a longitudinal experiment in the Netherlands with three waves (N-wave1 = 1,000, 2 weeks later N-wave2 = 799, 2 months later N-wave3 = 465) and eight between subjects conditions (no strategy and all possible combinations of the strategies). Results show that the training strategy increased self-efficacy and response efficacy, immediately increased all privacy protection behaviors, and positively impacted tracking blocking behavior in the short- and long-term, actual cookie rejection in the short-term (2 weeks later), and deletion behavior in the long-term (2 months later). The threat and fatigue strategies did not have their anticipated effects, but the threat strategy did immediately increase tracking blocking intentions, and the fatigue strategy had a positive, short-term effect on cookie rejection behavior.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Boerman", "given": "Sophie C." },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Edith G." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "boermanHowCanWe2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/00936502231177786",
    "ISSN": "0093-6502",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 6, 12]] },
    "title": "How Can We Increase Privacy Protection Behavior? A Longitudinal Experiment Testing Three Intervention Strategies",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "bolUnderstandingEffectsPersonalization2018",
    "abstract": "The privacy calculus suggests that online self-disclosure is based on a cost-benefit trade-off. However, although companies progressively collect information to offer tailored services, the effect of both personalization and context-dependency on self-disclosure has remained understudied. Building on the privacy calculus, we hypothesized that benefits, privacy costs, and trust would predict online self-disclosure. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of personalization, investigating whether effects would differ for health, news, and commercial websites. Results from an online experiment using a representative Dutch sample (N = 1,131) supported the privacy calculus,revealing that it was stable across contexts. Personalization decreased trust slightly and benefits marginally. Interestingly, these effects were context-dependent: While personalization affected outcomes in news and commerce contexts, no effects emerged in the health context.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Bol", "given": "Nadine" },
      { "family": "Dienlin", "given": "Tobias" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Sax", "given": "Marijn" },
      { "family": "Boerman", "given": "Sophie C." },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "bolUnderstandingEffectsPersonalization2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/jcmc/zmy020",
    "ISSN": "1083-6101",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 11]] },
    "page": "370-388",
    "title": "Understanding the Effects of Personalization as a Privacy Calculus: Analyzing Self-Disclosure Across Health, News, and Commerce Contexts",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "bolVulnerabilityTrackedSociety2020",
    "abstract": "While data-driven personalization strategies are permeating all areas of online communication, the impact for individuals and society as a whole is still not fully understood. Drawing on Facebook as a case study, we combine online tracking and self-reported survey data to assesswhogets targeted withwhatcontent. We tested relationships between user characteristics (i.e. socio-demographic and individual perceptions) and exposure to branded content on Facebook. Findings suggest that social media use sophisticated algorithms to target specific groups of users, especially in the context of gender-stereotyping and health. Health-related content was predominantly targeted at older users, females, and at those with higher levels of trust in online companies, as well as those in poorer health conditions. This study provides a first indication of unfair targeting that reinforces stereotypes and creates inequalities, and suggests rethinking the impact of algorithmic targeting in creating new forms of individual and societal vulnerabilities.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Bol", "given": "Nadine" },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Velde", "given": "Bob", "non-dropping-particle": "van de" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "bolVulnerabilityTrackedSociety2020",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1461444820924631",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issue": "11, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11]] },
    "page": "1996-2017",
    "title": "Vulnerability in a tracked society: Combining tracking and survey data to understand who gets targeted with what content",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "borgesiusShouldWeWorry2016",
    "abstract": "Some fear that personalised communication can lead to information cocoons or filter bubbles. For instance, a personalised news website could give more prominence to conservative or liberal media items, based on the (assumed) political interests of the user. As a result, users may encounter only a limited range of political ideas. We synthesise empirical research on the extent and effects of self-selected personalisation, where people actively choose which content they receive, and pre-selected personalisation, where algorithms personalise content for users without any deliberate user choice. We conclude that at present there is little empirical evidence that warrants any worries about filter bubbles.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Borgesius", "given": "Frederik J. Zuiderveen" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Bodo", "given": "Balazs" },
      {
        "family": "Vreese",
        "given": "Claes H.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "de"
      },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "borgesiusShouldWeWorry2016",
    "container-title": "INTERNET POLICY REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.14763/2016.1.401",
    "ISSN": "2197-6775",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 3]] },
    "title": "Should we worry about filter bubbles?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "5"
  },
  {
    "id": "boukesComparingUsercontentInteractivity2022",
    "abstract": "Normative theory on the functioning of the public sphere requires citizens to actively engage with the information that is provided to them. For a long time, however, the possibilities of user-content interactivity have been limited due to the one-directionality of the traditional mass media. Moreover, a re-occurring question is to what extent less-versus-more entertaining forms of news evoke audience engagement. This study analyzes the user-content engagement on online platforms in response to journalistic content and infotainment; more concretely, we compare whether the satire genre is more likely to evoke user-content interactivity than regular news and partisan news shows. To test our hypotheses, a large-scale data analysis of social media posts by a wide variety of American TV shows on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter has been conducted. Results demonstrate satire's potential to encourage user-content interactivity: Satire videos generated (a) more likes and (b) more comments than the clips of regular news. However, we also find that (c) satire videos are related to less controversy, which arguably indicates that satire hampers the exchange of diverse ideas. Compared to partisan news - which shares many features of satire, but often lacks the humor component - satire elicits more likes but less commentary and less controversy.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Boukes", "given": "Mark" },
      { "family": "Chu", "given": "Xiaotong" },
      { "family": "Noon", "given": "M. F. Abdulqadir" },
      { "family": "Liu", "given": "Rufei" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "boukesComparingUsercontentInteractivity2022",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19331681.2021.1927928",
    "ISSN": "1933-1681",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 1, 2]] },
    "page": "98-117",
    "title": "Comparing user-content interactivity and audience diversity across news and satire: differences in online engagement between satire, regular news and partisan news",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "19"
  },
  {
    "id": "boukesWhatToneEasy2020",
    "abstract": "This article scrutinizes the method of automated content analysis to measure the tone of news coverage. We compare a range of off-the-shelf sentiment analysis tools to manually coded economic news as well as examine the agreement between these dictionary approaches themselves. We assess the performance of five off-the-shelf sentiment analysis tools and two tailor-made dictionary-based approaches. The analyses result in five conclusions. First, there is little overlap between the off-the-shelf tools; causing wide divergence in terms of tone measurement. Second, there is no stronger overlap with manual coding for short texts (i.e., headlines) than for long texts (i.e., full articles). Third, an approach that combines individual dictionaries achieves a comparably good performance.?Fourth, precision may increase to acceptable levels at higher levels of granularity. Fifth, performance of dictionary approaches depends more on the number of relevant keywords in the dictionary than on the number of valenced words as such; a small tailor-made lexicon was not inferior to large established dictionaries. Altogether, we conclude that off-the-shelf sentiment analysis tools are mostly unreliable and unsuitable for research purposes ? at least in the context of Dutch economic news ? and manual validation for the specific language, domain, and genre of the research project at hand is always warranted.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Boukes", "given": "Mark" },
      { "family": "Velde", "given": "Bob", "non-dropping-particle": "van de" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "boukesWhatToneEasy2020",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2019.1671966",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 4, 2]] },
    "page": "83-104",
    "title": "What?s the Tone? Easy Doesn?t Do It: Analyzing Performance and Agreement Between Off-the-Shelf Sentiment Analysis Tools",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "boumansAgencyMakesOnline2018",
    "abstract": "While it is generally acknowledged that news agencies play a pivotal role in the current news landscape, empirical insights into the extent of news media's reliance on agency copy are scarce. This study applies an innovative automated approach to trace agency copy for an entire year (n = 119,452) in the major print and online news media articles (n = 247,161) of the Dutch news landscape. Results suggest that particularly online news is highly dependent on agency content, with the agency being responsible for up to 75% of the online news articles. Furthermore, a large part of the online news consists of verbatim agency copy, involving little or no editing. The results provide a strong rationale to place news agencies high on the agenda of news production scholars. Moreover, the demonstrated agency domination of online news is alarming in the context of news diversity.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Boumans", "given": "Jelle" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" },
      { "family": "Boomgaarden", "given": "Hajo" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "boumansAgencyMakesOnline2018",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "1768-1789",
    "title": "The Agency Makes the (Online) News World Go Round: The Impact of News Agency Content on Print and Online News",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "12"
  },
  {
    "id": "boumansTAKINGSTOCKTOOLKIT2016",
    "abstract": "When analyzing digital journalism content, journalism scholars are confronted with a number of substantial differences compared to traditional journalistic content. The sheer amount of data and the unique features of digital content call for the application of valuable new techniques. Various other scholarly fields are already applying computational methods to study digital journalism data. Often, their research interests are closely related to those of journalism scholars. Despite the advantages that computational methods have over traditional content analysis methods, they are not commonplace in digital journalism studies. To increase awareness of what computational methods have to offer, we take stock of the toolkit and show the ways in which computational methods can aid journalism studies. Distinguishing between dictionary-based approaches, supervised machine learning, and unsupervised machine learning, we present a systematic inventory of recent applications both inside as well as outside journalism studies. We conclude with suggestions for how the application of new techniques can be encouraged.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Boumans", "given": "Jelle W." },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "boumansTAKINGSTOCKTOOLKIT2016",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2015.1096598",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016"]] },
    "page": "8-23",
    "title": "TAKING STOCK OF THE TOOLKIT An overview of relevant automated content analysis approaches and techniques for digital journalism scholars",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "brandsInstaNtFamous2021",
    "abstract": "This study examines how female politicians are using Instagram to present themselves to the electorate and how this affects audience engagement. A manual content analysis was conducted to explore how female politicians, compared to male politicians (N = 40), use Instagram in terms of visual self-presentation, the use of masculine and feminine issues, and how this may lead to increased engagement (i.e., likes and comments). In total, N = 762 posts were manually analyzed. The study shows that female politicians receive more likes when they are visible in a picture compared to male politicians. It also reveals that male and female politicians both refer more to feminine issues than to masculine issues, although the use of feminine issues resulted in less likes. We find that some issues lead to more discussion amongst Instagram users, and that this differs between male and female politicians. The study sheds light on how politicians use Instagram and offers insights into how (female) politicians can use the platform to their advantage.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Brands", "given": "Charlotte" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "brandsInstaNtFamous2021",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2021.1962942",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "14, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 10, 26]] },
    "page": "2016-2036",
    "title": "Insta(nt)famous? Visual self-presentation and the use of masculine and feminine issues by female politicians on Instagram",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "24"
  },
  {
    "id": "brownlieTroublingContentGuiding2021",
    "abstract": "Growing concerns about “online harm” and “duty of care” fuel debate about how best to regulate and moderate “troubling content” on social media. This has become a pressing issue in relation to the potential application of media guidelines to online discussion of death by suicide-discussion which is troubling because it is often transgressive and contested. Drawing on an innovative mixed-method analysis of a large-scale Twitter dataset, this article explores in depth, for the first time, the complexities of applying existing media guidelines on reporting death by suicide to online contexts. By focusing on five highly publicised deaths, it illustrates the limits of this translation but also the significance of empathy (its presence and absence) in online accounts of these deaths. The multi-relational and politicised nature of empathy, and the polarised nature of Twitter debate, suggests that we need to step back from calls for the automatic application of guidelines produced in a pre-digital time to understand more about the sociocultural context of how suicide is discussed on social media. This stepping back matters because social media is now a key part of how lives and deaths are deemed grievable and deserving of our attention.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Brownlie", "given": "Julie" },
      { "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-ting" },
      { "family": "Dunne", "given": "Nikki" },
      { "family": "Fernandez", "given": "Nichole" },
      { "family": "Squirrell", "given": "Tim" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "brownlieTroublingContentGuiding2021",
    "container-title": "SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS",
    "DOI": "10.1111/1467-9566.13245",
    "ISSN": "0141-9889",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 3]] },
    "page": "607-623",
    "title": "Troubling content: Guiding discussion of death by suicide on social media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "43"
  },
  {
    "id": "burggraaffDifferentGateAutomated2020",
    "abstract": "We investigate how news values differ between online and print news articles. We hypothesize that print and online articles differ in terms of news values because of differences in the routines used to produce them. Based on a quantitative automated content analysis of N = 762,095 Dutch news items, we show that online news items are more likely to be follow-up items than print items, and that there are further differences regarding news values like references to persons, the power elite, negativity, and positivity. In order to conduct this large-scale analysis, we developed innovative methods to automatically code a wide range of news values. In particular, this article demonstrates how techniques such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, supervised machine learning, and automated queries of external databases can be combined and used to study journalistic content. Possible explanations for the difference found between online and offline news are discussed.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Burggraaff", "given": "Christiaan" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "burggraaffDifferentGateAutomated2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884917716699",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 1]] },
    "page": "112-129",
    "title": "Through a different gate: An automated content analysis of how online news and print news differ",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "calderonSpecialIssueComputational2021",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Calderon", "given": "Carlos Arcila" },
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "calderonSpecialIssueComputational2021",
    "container-title": "CUADERNOS INFO",
    "DOI": "10.7764/cdi.49.35333",
    "ISSN": "0719-3661",
    "issue": "49, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "page": "I-III",
    "title": "Special Issue Computational Methods and Big Data in Communication Research",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "cardenalAssessingValiditySurvey2022",
    "abstract": "This paper assesses the performance of three commonly used type of questions - open-ended, check-all and forced choice - for capturing retrospective online news exposure, combining both survey and web-tracking data. It examines the performance of these different survey questions considering both systematic and random error in two unexplored non-US contexts: Spain and the UK. Results show that the check-all question produces on average the most accurate - i.e. less biased - estimates of observed exposure. Some motivational and cognitive factors underlying bias in self-reports are explored. Findings reveal that the characteristics of outlets are associated with systematic error. Finally, we find that media systems matter for accuracy - where media fragmentation is high (Spain), accuracy is low across all questions; where it is low (UK), accuracy is high across all questions. In the final section, we highlight the methodological and theoretical contributions of our study and provide some recommendations.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Cardenal", "given": "Ana S." },
      { "family": "Victoria-Mas", "given": "Maria" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Lacasa-Mas", "given": "Ivan" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "cardenalAssessingValiditySurvey2022",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10584609.2022.2090038",
    "ISSN": "1058-4609",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 9, 3]] },
    "page": "634-651",
    "title": "Assessing the Validity of Survey Measures for News Exposure through Digital Footprints: Evidence from Spain and the UK",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "39"
  },
  {
    "id": "cardenalEchochambersOnlineNews2019",
    "abstract": "Whether people live in echo-chambers when they consume political information online has been the subject of much academic and public debate. This article contributes to this debate combining survey and web-tracking online data from Spain, a country known for its high political parallelism. We find that users spend more time in outlets of their political leanings but, generally, they engage in considerable cross-partisan media exposure, especially those in the left. In addition, we use a quasi experiment to test how major news events affect regular patterns of news consumption, and particularly, selective exposure. We find that the nature of news explains changes in users' overall consumption behaviour, but this has less to do with the type of event than with the interest it arouses. More importantly, we find that users become more polarized along party lines as the level of news consumption and interest for news increases.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Cardenal", "given": "Ana S." },
      { "family": "Aguilar-Paredes", "given": "Carlos" },
      { "family": "Cristancho", "given": "Camilo" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "cardenalEchochambersOnlineNews2019",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0267323119844409",
    "ISSN": "0267-3231",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 8]] },
    "page": "360-376",
    "title": "Echo-chambers in online news consumption: Evidence from survey and navigation data in Spain",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "34"
  },
  {
    "id": "cardenalFacebookErodingPublic2019",
    "abstract": "Preserving a common public agenda positively affects social integration, minimizing social cleavages and polarization. Although social media are known for fragmenting the media environment, research has not devoted much attention to their effect on the public agenda. This article addresses whether consuming news through Facebook shapes individual agendas that diverge from the set of most important problems (MIPs) as perceived by the general public. Our research design combines survey and Web-tracking data to analyze how Facebook-referred news consumption influences individual consumers' agendas. We find that when Facebook is a relevant news referral, people are less likely to mention the top MIPs for a representative sample of the Spanish population. We discuss the implications of our findings for the public agenda.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Cardenal", "given": "Ana S." },
      { "family": "Galais", "given": "Carol" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "cardenalFacebookErodingPublic2019",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/ijpor/edy025",
    "ISSN": "0954-2892",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "589-608",
    "title": "Is Facebook Eroding the Public Agenda? Evidence From Survey and Web-Tracking Data",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "31"
  },
  {
    "id": "casasDelicateBalanceParty2017",
    "abstract": "Strong party brands help congressional parties elect candidates, maintain or gain majority control, and advance their policy agendas. Because successful branding efforts depend on consistent messaging, party leaders try to choose issues that most members are willing to promote. But what do leaders do when a party majority pressures them to take up issues that harm the brand for others? We investigate the 2013 government shutdown as a branding event. House Republican leaders instigated the shutdown after learning that a majority of Republicans would not vote for a clean funding bill. However, instead of highlighting the issues that led to the shutdown, they publicized the party's efforts to resolve it. Party leaders sought to exploit the fact that party brands have both position and valence components to simultaneously address the demands of the party base and the electoral concerns of members representing competitive districts.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Wilkerson", "given": "John" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "casasDelicateBalanceParty2017",
    "container-title": "AMERICAN POLITICS RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1532673X16688458",
    "ISSN": "1532-673X",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 9]] },
    "page": "790-812",
    "title": "A Delicate Balance: Party Branding During the 2013 Government Shutdown",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "45"
  },
  {
    "id": "casasExposureExtremelyPartisan2023",
    "abstract": "A narrow information diet may be partly to blame for the growing political divides in the United States, suggesting exposure to dissimilar views as a remedy. These efforts, however, could be counterproductive, exacerbating attitude and affective polarization. Yet findings on whether such boomerang effect exists are mixed and the consequences of dissimilar exposure on other important outcomes remain unexplored. To contribute to this debate, we rely on a preregistered longitudinal experimental design combining participants' survey self-reports and their behavioral browsing data, in which one should observe boomerang effects. We incentivized liberals to read political articles on extreme conservative outlets (Breitbart, The American Spectator, and The Blaze) and conservatives to read extreme left-leaning sites (Mother Jones, Democracy Now, and The Nation). We maximize ecological validity by embedding the treatment in a larger project that tracks over time changes in online exposure and attitudes. We explored the effects on attitude and affective polarization, as well as on perceptions of the political system, support for democratic principles, and personal well-being. Overall we find little evidence of boomerang effects.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Menchen-Trevino", "given": "Ericka" },
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "casasExposureExtremelyPartisan2023",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s11109-021-09769-9",
    "ISSN": "0190-9320",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 12]] },
    "page": "1491-1530",
    "title": "Exposure to Extremely Partisan News from the Other Political Side Shows Scarce Boomerang Effects",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "45"
  },
  {
    "id": "casasImagesThatMatter2019",
    "abstract": "Do images affect online political mobilization? If so, how? These questions are of fundamental importance to scholars of social movements, contentious politics, and political behavior generally. However, little prior work has systematically addressed the role of images in mobilizing online participation in social movements. We first confirm that images have a positive mobilizing effect in the context of online protest activity. We then argue that images are mobilizing because they trigger stronger emotional reactions than text. Building on existing political psychology models, we theorize that images evoking enthusiasm, anger, and fear should be particularly mobilizing, while sadness should be demobilizing. We test the argument through a study of Twitter activity related to a Black Lives Matter protest. We find that both images in general and some of the proposed emotional attributes (enthusiasm and fear) contribute to online participation. The results hold when controlling for alternative theoretical mechanisms for why images should be mobilizing, and for the presence of frequent image features. Our paper provides evidence supporting the broad argument that images increase the likelihood of a protest to spread online while teasing out the mechanisms at play in a new media environment.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Williams", "given": "Nora Webb" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "casasImagesThatMatter2019",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1065912918786805",
    "ISSN": "1065-9129",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 6]] },
    "page": "360-375",
    "title": "Images that Matter: Online Protests and the Mobilizing Role of Pictures",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "72"
  },
  {
    "id": "casasMediaCoverageConnective2016",
    "abstract": "This article uses Twitter messages sent in May 2011 to study the ability of the so-called 15-M movement, a “connective” movement, to place their demands on the media agenda and maintain control over their own discourse. The results show that the activists' discourse included many issues, although greatest attention was given to three: electoral and party systems, democracy and governance, and civil liberties. Moreover, the study reveals that the media covered all the movement's issues and that activists maintained their plural discourse throughout the protest. This article contributes to the literature on `connective' social movements, showing that in certain circumstances these movements have the capacity to determine media coverage.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Davesa", "given": "Ferran" },
      { "family": "Congosto", "given": "Mariluz" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "casasMediaCoverageConnective2016",
    "container-title": "REVISTA ESPANOLA DE INVESTIGACIONES SOCIOLOGICAS",
    "DOI": "10.5477/cis/reis.155.73",
    "ISSN": "0210-5233",
    "issue": "155",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 9]] },
    "page": "73-94",
    "title": "Media Coverage of a “Connective” Action: The Interaction Between the 15-M Movement and the Mass Media",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "casasMoreEffectiveWe2020",
    "abstract": "For more than half a century, scholars have been studying legislative effectiveness using a single metric-whether the bills a member sponsors progress through the legislative process. We investigate a less orthodox form of effectiveness-bill proposals that become law as provisions of other bills. Counting these “hitchhiker” bills as additional cases of bill sponsorship success reveals a more productive, less hierarchical, and less partisan lawmaking process. We argue that agenda and procedural constraints are central to understanding why lawmakers pursue hitchhiker strategies. We also investigate the legislative vehicles that attract hitchhikers and find, among other things, that more Senate bills are enacted as hitchhikers on House laws than become law on their own.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Denny", "given": "Matthew J." },
      { "family": "Wilkerson", "given": "John" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "casasMoreEffectiveWe2020",
    "container-title": "AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE",
    "DOI": "10.1111/ajps.12472",
    "ISSN": "0092-5853",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 1]] },
    "page": "5-18",
    "title": "More Effective Than We Thought: Accounting for Legislative Hitchhikers Reveals a More Inclusive and Productive Lawmaking Process",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "64"
  },
  {
    "id": "chanChallengingGlobalCultural2023",
    "abstract": "Recent terrorist attacks such as the Christchurch mosque attacks in 2019 renew the discussion of whether right-wing attacks are reported less negatively than Islamist attacks. To clarify this point, our study is the first to combine the selection of media inside and outside the West with a distinction between Islamist and right-wing attacks. We compare coverage given to thirty-two right-wing and forty Islamist attacks from 2015 to 2019 in nine Western and eight non-Western English-language media outlets, tapping the differential use of the “terrorist/terrorism” label and textual sentiment. Both (many) Western and (some) non-Western media use this label more frequently in the coverage of Islamist attacks. Importantly, public diplomacy channels from non-Western countries such as China Daily and Sputnik also demonstrate this pattern. Delegitimizing Islamist attacks more than right-wing attacks thus cannot be explained as merely a Western phenomenon alone. We point to alternative explanations and call for greater standardization of coverage across Islamist and right-wing attacks.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chung-Hong" },
      { "family": "Wessler", "given": "Hartmut" },
      { "family": "Jungblut", "given": "Marc" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Althaus", "given": "Scott" },
      { "family": "Bajjalieh", "given": "Joseph" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "chanChallengingGlobalCultural2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/19401612231157655",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 2, 22]] },
    "title": "Challenging the Global Cultural Conflict Narrative: An Automated Content Analysis on How PerPetrator Identity Shapes Worldwide News Coverage of Islamist and Right-Wing Terror Attacks",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "chanHowCombiningTerrorism2020",
    "abstract": "This study looks into how the combination of Islam, refugees, and terrorism topics leads to text-internal changes in the emotional tone of news articles and how these vary across countries and media outlets. Using a multilingual human-validated sentiment analysis, we compare fear and pity in more than 560,000 articles from the most important online news sources in six countries (U.S., Australia, Germany, Switzerland, Turkey, and Lebanon). We observe that fear and pity work antagonistically-that is, the more articles in a particular topical category contain fear, the less pity they will feature. The coverage of refugees without mentioning terrorists and Muslims/Islam featured the lowest fear and highest pity levels of all topical categories studied here. However, when refugees were covered in combination with terrorism and/or Islam, fear increased and pity decreased in Christian-majority countries, whereas no such pattern appeared in Muslim-majority countries (Lebanon, Turkey). Variations in emotions are generally driven more by country-level differences than by the political alignment of individual outlets.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chung-Hong" },
      { "family": "Wessler", "given": "Hartmut" },
      { "family": "Rinke", "given": "Eike Mark" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" },
      { "family": "Althaus", "given": "Scott" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "chanHowCombiningTerrorism2020",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "3569-3594",
    "title": "How Combining Terrorism, Muslim, and Refugee Topics Drives Emotional Tone in Online News: A Six-Country Cross-Cultural Sentiment Analysis",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "chanReproducibleExtractionCrosslingual2020",
    "abstract": "With global media content databases and online content being available, analyzing topical structures in different languages simultaneously has become an urgent computational task. Some previous studies have analyzed topics in a multilingual corpus by translating all items into a single language using a machine translation service, such as Google Translate. We argue that this method is not reproducible in the long run and proposes a new method - Reproducible Extraction of Cross-lingual Topics Using R (rectr). Our method utilizes open-source-aligned word embeddings to understand the cross-lingual meanings of words and has a mechanism to normalize residual influence from language differences. We present a benchmark that compares the topics extracted from a corpus of English, German, and French news using our method with methods used in the literature. We show that our method is not only reproducible but can also generate high-quality cross-lingual topics. We demonstrate how our method can be applied in tracking news topics across time and languages.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chung-Hong" },
      { "family": "Zeng", "given": "Jing" },
      { "family": "Wessler", "given": "Hartmut" },
      { "family": "Jungblut", "given": "Marc" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Bajjalieh", "given": "Joseph W." },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Althaus", "given": "Scott L." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "chanReproducibleExtractionCrosslingual2020",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2020.1812555",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 10, 1]] },
    "page": "285-305",
    "title": "Reproducible Extraction of Cross-lingual Topics (rectr)",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "cristanchoContentiousResponsesCrises2020",
    "abstract": "This research analyzes how different types of frames adopted by news organizations and social media affected the support for protests against austerity measures in Spain. We pay special attention to the individual understandings of the crises based on materialistic grievances and nonmaterialistic accounts of the economic crises. We identified frames using a supervised approach and a data set of 2 million tweets gathered during the major demonstrations of the Indignados Movement between 2011 and 2013. Our second data set included the news-related content published by the top Spanish newspapers, in terms of circulation, during those demonstrations. We found that support for antiausterity protests was conditioned by understandings of the crisis. Frames addressing the political system were negatively related to the support for protests against austerity measures, as compared with those referring to the crisis as an economic matter. In addition, more challenging and controversial frames generated lower acceptance of the protests among the population than those that primed social problems.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Cristancho", "given": "Camilo" },
      { "family": "Anduiza", "given": "Eva" },
      { "family": "Congosto", "given": "Mariluz" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "cristanchoContentiousResponsesCrises2020",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "3266-3288",
    "title": "Contentious Responses to the Crises in Spain: Emphasis Frames and Public Support for Protest on Twitter and the Press",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "deleonElectoralNewsSharing2023",
    "abstract": "Patterns of news consumption are changing drastically. Citizens increasingly rely on social media such as Facebook to read and share political news. With the power of these platforms to expose citizens to political information, the implications for democracy are profound, making understanding what is shared during elections a priority on the research agenda. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet explicitly explored how elections transform news sharing behaviour on Facebook. This study begins to remedy this by (a) investigating changes in news coverage and news sharing behaviour on Facebook by comparing election and routine periods, and by (b) addressing the `news gap' between preferences of journalists and news consumers on social media. Employing a novel data set of news articles (N = 83,054) in Mexico, findings show that during periods of heightened political activity, both the publication and dissemination of political news increases, the gap between the news choices of journalists and consumers narrows, and that news sharing resembles a zero-sum game, with increased political news sharing leading to a decrease in the sharing of other news.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Leon", "given": "Ernesto", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "deleonElectoralNewsSharing2023",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2021.1994629",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 4, 26]] },
    "page": "1193-1209",
    "title": "Electoral news sharing: a study of changes in news coverage and Facebook sharing behaviour during the 2018 Mexican elections",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "deleonIssueSurvivalNews2023",
    "abstract": "What happens when a crisis such as COVID-19 fully occupies the political and media agenda? Do previous political concerns, such as those on migration, remain salient? Here, I propose and validate a model of issue survival during times of crisis. I argue that issues remain salient when individuals are able to cognitively link “displaced” issues with the ongoing crisis. Such connections between displaced issues and the crisis can be influenced by the media, who, through a process of networked agenda setting, help establish connections between issues. I test this model on the salience of migration during the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland and Germany. Leveraging panel surveys administered before and during lockdowns, I show that the issue of migration was displaced during the crisis. Nevertheless, as proposed by the model, this decline in issue salience did not occur for individuals connecting migration to the pandemic. Combining panels with individual-level media consumption data obtained through webtracking, I provide evidence that issue survival was significantly related to the consumption of news stories linking migration to the COVID-19 crisis. The study raises questions about the flow of public opinion during moments of mass uncertainty and highlights the key role media consumption can play in understanding previous issues in new a light.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Leon", "given": "Ernesto", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "deleonIssueSurvivalNews2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/ijpor/edad024",
    "ISSN": "0954-2892",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 9, 1]] },
    "title": "On Issue Survival: News Media and How Political Issues Remain Salient in the Face of Crisis",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "35"
  },
  {
    "id": "deleonNewsSharingGap2023",
    "abstract": "Are journalists and Facebook users equally interested in political news? Introducing the conceptualization and measurement of the “news sharing gap”, this study compares the sharing of political news by Facebook users to the production of political news by news media organizations. To paint a broad picture of these differences, we compare the news sharing gap (a) across election and routine periods and (b) across eight countries: Australia, Austria, Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Analyzing 265,714 articles shared over 12 million times on Facebook, findings show that elections are broadly linked to increases in political news publication, but even larger increases in political news sharing. The study reveals how, overall, political news is shared more often than news publication patterns would suggest, proposing higher political interest by Facebook users than previously thought. In most cases, political news sharing far outpaces political news production in the form of a “negative” news sharing gap, with the relative demand for political news (in the form of news sharing) being higher than the supply. Lastly, building upon previous work, we propose and validate a distant supervised machine learning method for multilingual, large-scale identification of political news across distinct languages, contexts and time periods.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Leon", "given": "Ernesto", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "deleonNewsSharingGap2023",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2022.2099920",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 2, 7]] },
    "page": "343-362",
    "title": "The News Sharing Gap: Divergence in Online Political News Publication and Dissemination Patterns across Elections and Countries",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "11"
  },
  {
    "id": "deleonNewsThreatsTrust2023",
    "abstract": "This study explores shifts in political trust during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland, examining the role that media consumption and threat perceptions played in individuals' trust in politics. We combine panel surveys taken before and during the first nation-wide lockdown with webtracking data of participants' online behaviour to paint a nuanced picture of media effects during the crisis. Our work has several findings. First, political trust, an attitude known for its stability, increased following lockdown. Second, consumption of mainstream news on COVID-19 directly hindered this increase, with those reading more news having lower over-time trust, while the relatively minor alternative news consumption had no direct effect on political trust. Third, threat perceptions a) to health and b) from the policy response to the pandemic, have strong and opposite effects on political trust, with threats to health increasing trust, and threats from the government policy response decreasing it. Lastly, these threat perceptions condition the effect of COVID-19 news consumption on political trust: perceptions of threat had the power to both exacerbate and mute the effect of media consumption on government trust during the pandemic. Notably, we show that the expected negative effect of alternative news on political trust only exists for those who did not think COVID-19 posed a threat to their health, while public service news consumption reduced the negative effect produced by government threat perceptions. The paper therefore advances our understanding of the nuanced nature of media effects, particularly as relates to alternative media, especially during moments of crisis.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Leon", "given": "Ernesto", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Makhortykh", "given": "Mykola" },
      { "family": "Gil-Lopez", "given": "Teresa" },
      { "family": "Urman", "given": "Aleksandra" },
      { "family": "Adam", "given": "Silke" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "deleonNewsThreatsTrust2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/19401612221087179",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10]] },
    "page": "952-974",
    "title": "News, Threats, and Trust: How COVID-19 News Shaped Political Trust, and How Threat Perceptions Conditioned This Relationship",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "28"
  },
  {
    "id": "deleonSadnessBiasPolitical2021",
    "abstract": "In this study, we address the role of emotions in political news sharing on Facebook to better understand the complex relationship between journalism, emotions, and politics. Categorizing Facebook Reactions (particularly, the Sad, Angry, Love, and Wow Reactions) according to the discrete emotions model, we evaluate how positive versus negative political content relates to emotional responses, and how this consequentially influences the degree to which articles are shared across social media in the context of an election. We focus on the landmark 2018 Mexican elections to enable a nuanced conversation on how cues of user emotion predict the far-reaching dissemination of news articles on Facebook during a moment of heightened political attention. Our findings demonstrate a negativity bias in news sharing and engagement, showing an outsized prevalence of anger in response to political news. In addition, we provide evidence of a novel sadness bias in the sharing of political coverage, suggesting that emotions considered as deactivating should be reevaluated in the context of social media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Leon", "given": "Ernesto", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "deleonSadnessBiasPolitical2021",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/20563051211059710",
    "ISSN": "2056-3051",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 10]] },
    "title": "A Sadness Bias in Political News Sharing? The Role of Discrete Emotions in the Engagement and Dissemination of Political News on Facebook",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "denhondSTRATEGICINTERACTIONANALYSISURGENT2014",
    "abstract": "Within the global garment industry the term “urgent appeal” is used to describe a request for action to Western activist groups for support in a specific case of labor rights violations. The urgent appeal system has become an important strategy for the transnational antisweatshop movement. It is distinct from the movement's other strategies because it directly supports garment workers in their struggle for improved labor conditions while simultaneously informing and mobilizing Western consumers about substandard labor conditions in the garment industry. This article explores how reflexivity in the use of this particular strategy, strategic choice in its implementation, and interaction with allies and targets affect outcomes for garment workers. It confirms the relevance of the emerging strategic-interaction perspective in explaining movement outcomes.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hond", "given": "Frank", "non-dropping-particle": "den" },
      { "family": "Stolwijk", "given": "Sjoerd" },
      { "family": "Merk", "given": "Jeroen" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "denhondSTRATEGICINTERACTIONANALYSISURGENT2014",
    "container-title": "MOBILIZATION",
    "ISSN": "1086-671X",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 2]] },
    "page": "83-111",
    "title": "A STRATEGIC-INTERACTION ANALYSIS OF AN URGENT APPEAL SYSTEM AND ITS OUTCOMES FOR GARMENT WORKERS",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "19"
  },
  {
    "id": "denkovskiWhoseFingerprintDoes2020",
    "abstract": "Democratic nations around the globe are facing increasing levels of false and misleading information circulating on social media and news websites, propagating alternative sociopolitical realities. One of the most innovative actors in this process has been the Russian state, whose disinformation campaigns have influenced elections and shaped political discourse globally. A key element of these campaigns is the content produced by state-funded outlets like RT and Sputnik, whose articles are republished by underfunded or sympathetic local media, as well as coordinated groups that attempt to shape mainstream political narratives. Using a tailored text-as-data approach, we examine the thematic and linguistic differences in articles produced by U.S. and Russian state-funded and mainstream outlets in Serbia. We use 11 features (frames and in-text characteristics) to construct an article country-source classifier with a high degree of accuracy. The article contributes toward an understanding of the structural characteristics of Russian state-funded news in the Western Balkans, enhances the application of computational text analysis in Serbian, and provides suggestions for the application of text-as-data methods to the study of online disinformation.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Denkovski", "given": "Ognjan" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "denkovskiWhoseFingerprintDoes2020",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "4428-4452",
    "title": "Whose Fingerprint Does the News Show? Developing Machine Learning Classifiers for Automatically Identifying Russian State-Funded News in Serbia",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "devriesSocialComparisonThief2018",
    "abstract": "This experiment investigates the emotional consequences of viewing strangers' positive posts on Instagram. From a social comparison perspective, strangers' positive posts on social media are expected to negatively affect viewers' emotions. From an emotional contagion perspective, strangers' positive posts should positively affect viewers' emotions. The current lab experiment examines both the social comparison and the emotional contagion perspective while taking individual differences into account. Participants viewed positive, neutral, or no posts of confederates. In support of the social comparison perspective, individuals who tend to compare themselves to others reported lower positive affect if they had viewed positive posts than if they had viewed neutral or no posts. In support of the emotional contagion perspective, individuals who tend not to engage in social comparison reported higher positive affect after viewing positive posts than after viewing neutral or no posts. These findings indicate that individual differences in processing tendencies lead people to respond to social information on social media in opposite ways.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vries", "given": "Dian A.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Wieringa", "given": "Marieke S." },
      { "family": "Eigenraam", "given": "Anniek W." },
      { "family": "Hamelink", "given": "Kirsten" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "devriesSocialComparisonThief2018",
    "container-title": "MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15213269.2016.1267647",
    "ISSN": "1521-3269",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "222-245",
    "title": "Social Comparison as the Thief of Joy: Emotional Consequences of Viewing Strangers' Instagram Posts",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "dienlinAgendaOpenScience2021",
    "abstract": "In the last 10 years, many canonical findings in the social sciences appear unreliable. This so-called “replication crisis” has spurred calls for open science practices, which aim to increase the reproducibility, replicability, and generalizability of findings. Communication research is subject to many of the same challenges that have caused low replicability in other fields. As a result, we propose an agenda for adopting open science practices in Communication, which includes the following seven suggestions: (1) publish materials, data, and code; (2) preregister studies and submit registered reports; (3) conduct replications; (4) collaborate; (5) foster open science skills; (6) implement Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines; and (7) incentivize open science practices. Although in our agenda we focus mostly on quantitative research, we also reflect on open science practices relevant to qualitative research. We conclude by discussing potential objections and concerns associated with open science practices.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dienlin", "given": "Tobias" },
      { "family": "Johannes", "given": "Niklas" },
      { "family": "Bowman", "given": "Nicholas David" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Engesser", "given": "Sven" },
      { "family": "Kuempel", "given": "Anna Sophie" },
      { "family": "Lukito", "given": "Josephine" },
      { "family": "Bier", "given": "Lindsey M." },
      { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Renwen" },
      { "family": "Johnson", "given": "Benjamin K." },
      { "family": "Huskey", "given": "Richard" },
      { "family": "Schneider", "given": "Frank M." },
      { "family": "Breuer", "given": "Johannes" },
      { "family": "Parry", "given": "Douglas A." },
      { "family": "Vermeulen", "given": "Ivar" },
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Banks", "given": "Jaime" },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" },
      { "family": "Ellis", "given": "David A." },
      { "family": "Smits", "given": "Tim" },
      { "family": "Ivory", "given": "James D." },
      { "family": "Trepte", "given": "Sabine" },
      { "family": "McEwan", "given": "Bree" },
      { "family": "Rinke", "given": "Eike Mark" },
      { "family": "Neubaum", "given": "German" },
      { "family": "Winter", "given": "Stephan" },
      { "family": "Carpenter", "given": "Christopher J." },
      { "family": "Kraemer", "given": "Nicole" },
      { "family": "Utz", "given": "Sonja" },
      { "family": "Unkel", "given": "Julian" },
      { "family": "Wang", "given": "Xiaohui" },
      { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Brittany", "suffix": "I" },
      { "family": "Kim", "given": "Nuri" },
      { "family": "Won", "given": "Andrea Stevenson" },
      { "family": "Domahidi", "given": "Emese" },
      { "family": "Lewis", "given": "Neil A." },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dienlinAgendaOpenScience2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/joc/jqz052",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 2]] },
    "page": "1-26",
    "title": "An Agenda for Open Science in Communication",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "71"
  },
  {
    "id": "dienlinLongitudinalAnalysisPrivacy2023",
    "abstract": "The privacy paradox states that people's concerns about online privacy are unrelated to their online sharing of personal information. On the basis of a representative sample of the German population, which includes 1,403 respondents interviewed at three waves separated by 6 months, we investigate the privacy paradox from a longitudinal perspective. Using a cross-lagged panel model with random intercepts, we differentiate between-person relations from within-person effects. Results revealed that people who were more concerned about their online privacy than others also shared slightly less personal information and had substantially more negative attitudes toward information sharing (between-person level). People who were more concerned than usual also shared slightly less information than usual (within-person level). We found no long-term effects of privacy concerns on information sharing or attitudes 6 months later. The results provide further evidence against the privacy paradox, but more research is needed to better understand potential causal relations.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dienlin", "given": "Tobias" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Trepte", "given": "Sabine" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dienlinLongitudinalAnalysisPrivacy2023",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/14614448211016316",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 5]] },
    "page": "1043-1064",
    "title": "A longitudinal analysis of the privacy paradox",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "25"
  },
  {
    "id": "dienlinReinforcementDisplacementReciprocity2017",
    "abstract": "Does communication on social network sites (SNSs) or instant messengers (IMs) reinforce or displace face-to-face (FtF) communication, and how do the 3 channels affect loneliness and life satisfaction? Using cross-lagged structural equation modeling in a longitudinal and representative sample from Germany, we found that SNS communication increased both FtF and IM communication 6 months later. Likewise, IM communication at T1 increased SNS communication at T2. FtF, SNS, and IM communication did not affect loneliness, and FtF and IM communication did not change life satisfaction. However, communication on SNSs slightly increased life satisfaction. Thus, the data indicated that conversing via SNSs and IM has a mainly reinforcing effect and that communicating via SNSs can enhance life satisfaction several months later.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dienlin", "given": "Tobias" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Trepte", "given": "Sabine" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dienlinReinforcementDisplacementReciprocity2017",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1111/jcc4.12183",
    "ISSN": "1083-6101",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 3]] },
    "page": "71-87",
    "title": "Reinforcement or Displacement? The Reciprocity of FtF, IM, and SNS Communication and Their Effects on Loneliness and Life Satisfaction",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "dobberEffectsIssuebasedMicrotargeting2023",
    "abstract": "Political microtargeting is the subject of heated societal debate but not much is known about its effects, especially in non-US contexts. Microtargeting, used by political actors to send citizens tailored messages, could have the potential to overcome barriers that make generic political messages less effective. In this article, we present a small-scale field experiment, which serves as a case study to illustrate how microtargeting's effects on citizens could be measured. The field experiment showed that receiving a microtargeted message via postal mail increased likelihood to vote for the microtargeting party, but this increase did not translate into actual votes.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dobberEffectsIssuebasedMicrotargeting2023",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/01972243.2022.2134240",
    "ISSN": "0197-2243",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1, 1]] },
    "page": "35-44",
    "title": "Effects of an issue-based microtargeting campaign: A small-scale field experiment in a multi-party setting",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "39"
  },
  {
    "id": "dobberEffectTrafficLight2023",
    "abstract": "The use of warning labels on political advertisements is one way to help citizens better evaluate the source and veracity of messaging, and combat the harms of misinformation on social media. Reliance on labeling is part of a larger policy push for greater transparency on social media platforms with respect to the source and quality of information. In this study, we test the effectiveness of “traffic light” labels (red, orange, green) as indicia of the veracity of political advertisements on YouTube. In an online experiment (N=1,054), we test seven variations of TL-veracity labels and find that red and orange traffic light labels placed concurrently with the start of a political advertisement significantly affect credibility perceptions. Taken together, the findings suggest that direct-to-consumer labels can be effective inputs to credibility perceptions, but their effectiveness depends on timing and position.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Votta", "given": "Fabio" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Goodman", "given": "Ellen P." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dobberEffectTrafficLight2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19331681.2023.2224316",
    "ISSN": "1933-1681",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 6, 21]] },
    "title": "The effect of traffic light veracity labels on perceptions of political advertising source and message credibility on social media",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "dobberMicrotargetedDeepfakesHave2021",
    "abstract": "Deepfakes are perceived as a powerful form of disinformation. Although many studies have focused on detecting deepfakes, few have measured their effects on political attitudes, and none have studied microtargeting techniques as an amplifier. We argue that microtargeting techniques can amplify the effects of deepfakes, by enabling malicious political actors to tailor deepfakes to susceptibilities of the receiver. In this study, we have constructed a political deepfake (video and audio), and study its effects on political attitudes in an online experiment (N= 278). We find that attitudes toward the depicted politician are significantly lower after seeing the deepfake, but the attitudes toward the politician's party remain similar to the control condition. When we zoom in on the microtargeted group, we see that both the attitudes toward the politician and the attitudes toward his party score significantly lower than the control condition, suggesting that microtargeting techniques can indeed amplify the effects of a deepfake, but for a much smaller subgroup than expected.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" },
      { "family": "Metoui", "given": "Nadia" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dobberMicrotargetedDeepfakesHave2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1940161220944364",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 1]] },
    "page": "69-91",
    "title": "Do (Microtargeted) Deepfakes Have Real Effects on Political Attitudes?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "dobberSpiralingDownwardReciprocal2019",
    "abstract": "Tailored political messages are increasingly prevalent in election time, but we know little about how people perceive such data-driven and potentially privacy-infringing techniques. This article examines how demographics relate to privacy concerns and attitudes toward political behavioral targeting (PBT), how privacy concerns and attitudes toward PBT relate over time, and explore their relation with autonomy, electoral deliberation, and chilling effects. Using a three-wave panel study, administered in the Netherlands (N=879), we examine a potential reciprocal relation between attitude toward PBT and privacy concerns, which may form a negative reinforcing spiral dynamic over time. This dynamic could result in undesirable behavior of the voter from a democratic viewpoint (e.g. chilling effects). We find that demographics fall short in explaining privacy concerns. More importantly, we find evidence for a reinforcing spiral dynamic and, by doing so, contribute to the discussion about the threats and promises of PBT to society.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dobberSpiralingDownwardReciprocal2019",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1461444818813372",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 6]] },
    "page": "1212-1231",
    "title": "Spiraling downward: The reciprocal relation between attitude toward political behavioral targeting and privacy concerns",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "dobberTwoCratesBeer2017",
    "abstract": "Political campaigns increasingly use data to (micro) target voters with tailored messages. In doing so, campaigns raise concerns about privacy and the quality of the public discourse. Extending existing research to a European context, we propose and test a model for understanding how different contextual factors hinder or facilitate data-driven capabilities of campaigns. We applied the model during the 2017 national election campaign in the Netherlands. The results show how data-driven targeting techniques are not only useful in a first-past-the-post system, but also in a proportional representation system, which at first sight seems to be less suitable for such techniques.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dobberTwoCratesBeer2017",
    "container-title": "INTERNET POLICY REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.14763/2017.4.777",
    "ISSN": "2197-6775",
    "issue": "4, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 12]] },
    "title": "Two crates of beer and 40 pizzas: the adoption of innovative political behavioural targeting techniques",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "6"
  },
  {
    "id": "dogruelDevelopmentValidationAlgorithm2022",
    "abstract": "In light of the widespread use of big data analytics, internet users are increasingly confronted with algorithmic decision-making. Developing algorithm literacy is thus crucial to empower users to successfully navigate digital environments. In this paper, we present the development and validation of an algorithm literacy scale that consists of two interrelated dimensions: 1) awareness of algorithms use and 2) knowledge about algorithms. To validate the scale, we use item response theory and report findings from two studies. In study 1, we tested 46 items among N = 331 participants, resulting in a 32-item pool. These items were tested in a second study among N = 1,041 German internet users. The final scale consists of each 11 items measuring algorithm awareness and knowledge. Both subscales correlated positively with participants' subjective coding skills and proved to be an appropriate predictor for participants' handling of algorithmic curation in three test-scenarios.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Dogruel", "given": "Leyla" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp" },
      { "family": "Joeckel", "given": "Sven" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "dogruelDevelopmentValidationAlgorithm2022",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2021.1968361",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 4, 3]] },
    "page": "115-133",
    "title": "Development and Validation of an Algorithm Literacy Scale for Internet Users",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "elahiDevelopingEvaluatingUniversity2022",
    "abstract": "A challenge for many young adults is to find the right institution to follow higher education. Global university rankings are a commonly used, but inefficient tool, for they do not consider a person's preferences and needs. For example, some persons pursue prestige in their higher education, while others prefer proximity. This paper develops and evaluates a university recommender system, eliciting user preferences as ratings to build predictive models and to generate personalized university ranking lists. In Study 1, we performed offline evaluation on a rating dataset to determine which recommender approaches had the highest predictive value. In Study 2, we selected three algorithms to produce different university recommendation lists in our online tool, asking our users to compare and evaluate them in terms of different metrics (Accuracy, Diversity, Perceived Personalization, Satisfaction, and Novelty). We show that a SVD algorithm scores high on accuracy and perceived personalization, while a KNN algorithm scores better on novelty. We also report findings on preferred university features.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Elahi", "given": "Mehdi" },
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain" },
      { "family": "El Ioini", "given": "Nabil" },
      { "family": "Lambrix", "given": "Anna Alexander" },
      { "family": "Trattner", "given": "Christoph" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "elahiDevelopingEvaluatingUniversity2022",
    "container-title": "FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL IN℡LIGENCE",
    "DOI": "10.3389/frai.2021.796268",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 2, 2]] },
    "title": "Developing and Evaluating a University Recommender System",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "fisherCognitivePerceptualLoad2023",
    "abstract": "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder associated with suboptimal outcomes throughout the life-span. Extant work suggests that ADHD-related deficits in task performance may be magnified under high cognitive load and minimized under high perceptual load, but these effects have yet to be systematically examined, and the neural mechanisms that undergird these effects are as yet unknown. Herein, we report results from three experiments investigating how performance in ADHD is modulated by cognitive load and perceptual load during a naturalistic task. Results indicate that cognitive load and perceptual load influence task performance, reaction time variability (RTV), and brain network topology in an ADHD-specific fashion. Increasing cognitive load resulted in reduced performance, greater RTV, and reduced brain network efficiency in individuals with ADHD relative to those without. In contrast, increased perceptual load led to relatively greater performance, reduced RTV, and greater brain network efficiency in ADHD. These results provide converging evidence that brain network efficiency and intraindividual variability in ADHD are modulated by both cognitive and perceptual load during naturalistic task performance. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects more than 500 million adults worldwide (Song et al., 2021), and confers suboptimal outcomes in many areas of life. Emerging evidence suggests that ADHD-related cognitive deficits may be at least somewhat task-dependent, with some work showing that increased cognitive load results in reduced performance in ADHD relative to non-ADHD individuals, and other work showing that increased perceptual load may narrow, or even eliminate these deficits. However, these effects have yet to be examined together, and their neural underpinnings are unknown. In three experiments (one in the lab, one online, and one fMRI), we show that cognitive load worsens cognitive performance, and reduces brain network efficiency in ADHD relative to non-ADHD individuals, while perceptual load has largely the opposite effect.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "fisherCognitivePerceptualLoad2023",
    "container-title": "NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE",
    "DOI": "10.1162/netn_a_00336",
    "ISSN": "2472-1751",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 12, 22]] },
    "page": "1483-1496",
    "title": "Cognitive and perceptual load have opposing effects on brain network efficiency and behavioral variability in ADHD",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "fisherMappingAttentionMultiple2022",
    "abstract": "Paying attention to media requires continuously selecting and processing relevant information while filtering out numerous competing stimuli. Although the factors that drive attention toward or away from a single media task are relatively well characterized, there is a lack of understanding regarding how attention to media functions in the presence of multiple, concurrent tasks. In this manuscript, we report findings from four experiments investigating this question. Results indicate that, rather than attention being based on a strict hierarchy between “primary” and “secondary” tasks, attentional resources are distributed across concurrent media tasks based on the (relative) rewardingness and effortfulness of each task. More rewarding tasks elicited more attention, and the attention-capturing influence of rewarding “secondary” tasks was magnified when the “primary” task was more cognitively effortful. These results provide support for recent theoretical advancements in media psychology research and point to promising future directions using updated models of motivated attention to predict the allocation of attentional resources across multiple concurrent tasks.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "fisherMappingAttentionMultiple2022",
    "container-title": "MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15213269.2022.2161576",
    "ISSN": "1521-3269",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 12, 29]] },
    "title": "Mapping attention across multiple media tasks",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "fisherModalitySpecificEffectsPerceptual2019",
    "abstract": "Digital media are sensory-rich, multimodal, and often highly interactive. An extensive collection of theories and models within the field of media psychology assume the multimodal nature of media stimuli, yet there is current ambiguity as to the independent contributions of visual and auditory content to message complexity and to resource availability in the human processing system. In this article, we argue that explicating the concepts of perceptual and cognitive load can create progress toward a deeper understanding of modality-specific effects in media processing. In addition, we report findings from an experiment showing that perceptual load leads to modality-specific reductions in resource availability, whereas cognitive load leads to a modality-general reduction in resource availability. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the critical importance of separating modality-specific forms of load in an increasingly multisensory media environment.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob Taylor" },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic Rene" },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "fisherModalitySpecificEffectsPerceptual2019",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v7i4.2388",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "149-165",
    "title": "Modality-Specific Effects of Perceptual Load in Multimedia Processing",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "fisherPracticalIntroductionNetwork2021",
    "abstract": "The increasing adoption of brain imaging methods has greatly augmented our understanding of the neural underpinnings of communication processes. Enabled by recent advancements in mathematics and computational infrastructure, researchers have begun to move beyond traditional univariate analytic techniques in favor of methods that consider the brain in terms of evolving networks of interactions between brain regions. This network neuroscience approach is a potential boon to communication and media psychology research but also requires a careful look at the complications inherent in adopting a novel (and complex) methodological tool. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of network neuroscience in view of the needs of communication neuroscientists, discussing considerations that must be taken into account when constructing networks from neuroimaging data and conducting statistical tests on these networks. Throughout the manuscript, we highlight research domains in which network neuroscience is likely to be particularly useful for increasing theoretical clarity in communication and media psychology research.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "fisherPracticalIntroductionNetwork2021",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2020.1860206",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 1, 2]] },
    "page": "60-79",
    "title": "A Practical Introduction to Network Neuroscience for Communication Researchers",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "15"
  },
  {
    "id": "fisherUncoveringStructureMedia2023",
    "abstract": "Media multitasking has become nearly ubiquitous in the developed world. Higher self-reported media multitasking has consistently been shown to relate to self-reported attention problems, including symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the magnitude of this relationship is small and heterogeneous across studies. These findings have motivated calls for increased specificity in media multitasking research, moving beyond aggregated summaries of multitasking behavior in favor of an approach that considers how specific combinations of media behaviors relate to cognitive outcomes of interest. Herein, we take a data-driven (Jack et al., 2018), computational approach to uncover the network structure of media multitasking behaviors in a sample of 2542 young adults in the United States. Results indicate that those with greater severity of ADHD symptoms tend to have more densely connected multitasking networks overall, as well as differing patterns of node centrality within the network. These results provide increased understanding of how individual differences in media multitasking habits relate to attention and cognition, and point to the promise of network-based analyses developing a fuller understanding within this topic domain.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Chen", "given": "Yibei" },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "fisherUncoveringStructureMedia2023",
    "container-title": "COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2023.107829",
    "ISSN": "0747-5632",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10]] },
    "title": "Uncovering the structure of media multitasking and attention problems using network analytic techniques",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "147"
  },
  {
    "id": "fogel-drorRolebasedAssociationVerbs2019",
    "abstract": "A crucial challenge in measuring how text represents an entity is the need to associate each representative expression with a relevant entity to generate meaningful results. Common solutions to this problem are usually based on proximity methods that require a large corpus to reach reasonable levels of accuracy. We show how such methods for the association between an entity and a representation yield a high percentage of false positives at the expression level and low validity at the document level. We introduce a solution that combines syntactic parsing, semantic role labeling logic, and a machine learning approachthe role-based association method. To test our method, we compared it with prevalent methods of association on the news coverage of two entities of interestthe State of Israel and the Palestinian Authority. We found that the role-based association method is more accurate at the expression and the document levels.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Fogel-Dror", "given": "Yair" },
      { "family": "Shenhav", "given": "Shaul R." },
      { "family": "Sheafer", "given": "Tamir" },
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "fogel-drorRolebasedAssociationVerbs2019",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2018.1536973",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "69-82",
    "title": "Role-based Association of Verbs, Actions, and Sentiments with Entities in Political Discourse",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "13"
  },
  {
    "id": "folstadFutureDirectionsChatbot2021",
    "abstract": "Chatbots are increasingly becoming important gateways to digital services and information-taken up within domains such as customer service, health, education, and work support. However, there is only limited knowledge concerning the impact of chatbots at the individual, group, and societal level. Furthermore, a number of challenges remain to be resolved before the potential of chatbots can be fully realized. In response, chatbots have emerged as a substantial research area in recent years. To help advance knowledge in this emerging research area, we propose a research agenda in the form of future directions and challenges to be addressed by chatbot research. This proposal consolidates years of discussions at the CONVERSATIONS workshop series on chatbot research. Following a deliberative research analysis process among the workshop participants, we explore future directions within six topics of interest: (a) users and implications, (b) user experience and design, (c) frameworks and platforms, (d) chatbots for collaboration, (e) democratizing chatbots, and (f) ethics and privacy. For each of these topics, we provide a brief overview of the state of the art, discuss key research challenges, and suggest promising directions for future research. The six topics are detailed with a 5-year perspective in mind and are to be considered items of an interdisciplinary research agenda produced collaboratively by avid researchers in the field.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Folstad", "given": "Asbjorn" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Law", "given": "Effie Lai-Chong" },
      { "family": "Brandtzaeg", "given": "Petter Bae" },
      { "family": "Papadopoulos", "given": "Symeon" },
      { "family": "Reis", "given": "Lea" },
      { "family": "Baez", "given": "Marcos" },
      { "family": "Laban", "given": "Guy" },
      { "family": "McAllister", "given": "Patrick" },
      { "family": "Ischen", "given": "Carolin" },
      { "family": "Wald", "given": "Rebecca" },
      { "family": "Catania", "given": "Fabio" },
      { "family": "Meyer von Wolff", "given": "Raphael" },
      { "family": "Hobert", "given": "Sebastian" },
      { "family": "Luger", "given": "Ewa" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "folstadFutureDirectionsChatbot2021",
    "container-title": "COMPUTING",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s00607-021-01016-7",
    "ISSN": "0010-485X",
    "issue": "12",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 12]] },
    "page": "2915-2942",
    "title": "Future directions for chatbot research: an interdisciplinary research agenda",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "103"
  },
  {
    "id": "gattoSelectingSelectingOut2020",
    "abstract": "Studies investigating gender gaps in the doctoral training of political science students have focused so far overwhelmingly on the US context. Although important research within this context has made strides in identifying the persistent challenges to women's incorporation in political methodology, much remains unknown about whether women and men have different experiences in methods training during their PhD programs. We contribute to this debate by analyzing data from an original survey on the methods-training experiences of political science PhD students at different European universities. We assess whether gender gaps exist with respect to PhD students' methods training and confidence in employing methods skills. Our findings show that women cover significantly fewer methods courses in their doctoral training. When women do participate in methods training, they show levels of method employment similar to their male colleagues. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of European doctoral training.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Gatto", "given": "Malu A. C." },
      { "family": "Gohdes", "given": "Anita R." },
      { "family": "Traber", "given": "Denise" },
      {
        "family": "Velden",
        "given": "Mariken A. C. G.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "gattoSelectingSelectingOut2020",
    "container-title": "PS-POLITICAL SCIENCE & POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1017/S1049096519001288",
    "ISSN": "1049-0965",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 1]] },
    "page": "122-127",
    "title": "Selecting in or Selecting Out? Gender Gaps and Political Methodology in Europe",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "53"
  },
  {
    "id": "gerkenCrisisAirInvestigation2016",
    "abstract": "This study explores the effectiveness of organisational crisis-response strategies and public online response by applying a framing perspective. This has been done to study the crash of AirAsia's flight QZ8501, in which a three-step methodological case study approach has been employed. First, a quantitative content analysis was conducted in order to identify AirAsia's (the sender) crisis-response strategy. Second, a semantic-network analysis was applied to analyse the response from the public (the receiver). Third, an extension of this semantic-network analysis was used to analyse to which extent the framing of AirAsia's online crisis communication had been aligned with the public framing of the crash. The results of the first step indicated that AirAsia predominately used an informational strategy (e.g., Adjusting Information). Moreover, the findings of the second and third steps revealed that there was an absence of frame alignment between AirAsia's response strategy and the public's response. Compared to the organisation, the public's reactions revealed more emotional aspects in their framing. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Gerken", "given": "Fynn" },
      { "family": "Van der Land", "given": "Sarah F." },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "gerkenCrisisAirInvestigation2016",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.09.002",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 12]] },
    "page": "879-892",
    "title": "Crisis in the air: An investigation of AirAsia's crisis-response effectiveness based on frame alignment",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "42"
  },
  {
    "id": "gil-lopezNotTrackMe2023",
    "abstract": "This paper offers a critical look at the promises and drawbacks of a popular, novel data collection technique-online tracking-from the point of view of sample composition. Using data from two large-scale studies about political attitudes and information consumption behavior carried out in Germany and Switzerland, we find that the likelihood of participation in a tracking study at several critical dropout points is systematically related to the gender, age, and education of participants, with men, young, and more educated participants being less likely to dropout of the studies. Our findings also show that these patterns are incremental, as changes in sample composition accumulate over successive study stages. Political interest and ideology were also significantly related to the likelihood of participation in tracking research. The study explores some of the most common concerns associated with tracking research leading to non-participation, finding that they also differ across demographic groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Gil-Lopez", "given": "Teresa" },
      { "family": "Christner", "given": "Clara" },
      { "family": "Leon", "given": "Ernesto", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Makhortykh", "given": "Mykola" },
      { "family": "Urman", "given": "Aleksandra" },
      { "family": "Maier", "given": "Michaela" },
      { "family": "Adam", "given": "Silke" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "gil-lopezNotTrackMe2023",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1177/08944393231156634",
    "ISSN": "0894-4393",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 12]] },
    "page": "2274-2292",
    "title": "Do (Not!) Track Me: Relationship Between Willingness to Participate and Sample Composition in Online Information Behavior Tracking Research",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "41"
  },
  {
    "id": "gruberTroublemakersStreetsFraming2023",
    "abstract": "Research indicates that when mainstream news media report about demonstrations, protesters often face delegitimizing coverage. This phenomenon, known as the “(journalistic) protest paradigm,” is thought to be a default mindset that leads journalists to emphasize the method of protesters over their message. However, empirical work has so far limited itself to specific protest movements or events and only covers brief periods. This study first identifies and then codes the main frames in all reports about domestic protest in the United Kingdom. Analysing data that covers eight national newspapers during a 26 year period (N = 27,496), I provide a more systematic understanding of how the mainstream news media in liberal democracies report about protests. The analysis shows that a stable majority of articles uses frames linked to the protest paradigm throughout the time period. However, a substantial and growing number of articles employ legitimizing frames-either on their own or co-existing with delegitimizing framing.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Gruber", "given": "Johannes B." }],
    "citation-key": "gruberTroublemakersStreetsFraming2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/19401612221102058",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 4]] },
    "page": "414-433",
    "title": "Troublemakers in the Streets? A Framing Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Protests in the UK 1992-2017",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "28"
  },
  {
    "id": "guldemondFuelingToxicityStudying2022",
    "abstract": "The spread of deceiving content on social media platforms is a growing concern amongst scholars, policymakers, and the public at large. We examine the extent to which influential users (i.e., “deceitful opinion leaders”) on Twitter engage in the spread of different types of deceiving content, thereby overcoming the compartmentalized state of the field. We intro-duce a theoretical concept and approach that puts these deceitful opinion leaders at the center, instead of the content they spread. Moreover, our study contributes to the understanding of the effects that these deceiving messages have on other Twitter users. For 5,574 users and 731,371 unique messages, we apply computational methods to study changes in messaging behavior after they started following a set of eight Dutch deceitful opinion leaders on Twitter during the Dutch 2021 election campaign. The results show that users apply more uncivil language, become more affectively polarized, and talk more about politics after following a deceitful opinion leader. Our results thereby underline that this small group of deceitful opinion leaders change the norms of conversation on these platforms. Hence, this accentuates the need for future research to study the literary concept of deceitful opinion leaders.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Guldemond", "given": "Puck" },
      { "family": "Salleras", "given": "Andreu Casas" },
      {
        "family": "Velden",
        "given": "Mariken",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "guldemondFuelingToxicityStudying2022",
    "container-title": "POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE",
    "DOI": "10.17645/pag.v10i4.5756",
    "ISSN": "2183-2463",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022"]] },
    "page": "336-348",
    "title": "Fueling Toxicity? Studying Deceitful Opinion Leaders and Behavioral Changes of Their Followers",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "10"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersCivilizedTruthsHateful2022",
    "abstract": "Digital information settings may not only offer an opportunity structure for democratic deliberation, but also facilitate the occurrence of negative phenomena - such as incivility, hate speech and false information. Even though extant literature has provided theoretical arguments for a discursive affinity between false or deceptive information and uncivil speech, we lack empirical evidence on whether and how false information and incivility converge. Against this backdrop, we rely on an extensive content analysis of fact-checked statements in the US (N = 894) to assess to what extent and how different forms of incivility are present in different degrees of false information. Our main findings illustrate that partisan attacks, negativity, and hate speech are most likely to occur in false information that deviates furthest from reality. These findings help us to dissect different degrees of untruthfulness based on their content features: Disinformation (goal-directed deception) may be distinguished from misinformation (unintentionally misleading content) based on the centrality of hostility, partisan attacks, and hate speech in the former.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Meer", "given": "Toni", "non-dropping-particle": "van der" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersCivilizedTruthsHateful2022",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2021.1874038",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "11",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 8, 18]] },
    "page": "1596-1613",
    "title": "Civilized truths, hateful lies? Incivility and hate speech in false information - evidence from fact-checked statements in the US",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "25"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersFightFlightAttributing2020",
    "abstract": "In today's media environment, the flow of incoming information can be overwhelming. Citizens are exposed to both congruent and incongruent information, following each other at a fast pace. At the same time, citizens have the freedom to compose their own daily information diet. This demanding and personalized media environment plays a decisive role in political decision-making. One crucial political evaluation is to assign credit or blame to politicians. In this setting of selective exposure and motivated reasoning, we conducted two experiments (N = 1,117) to test how forced versus selective exposure to mixed congruent-incongruent news articles and fact checkers on immigration (Study 1) or climate change (Study 2) affects citizens' evaluations of responsibility. The key findings expand extant research that identified partisan biases in citizens' responsibility perceptions: Peopleselectandprocesspartisan information in a biased way to reassure partisan identities. A key democratic implication is the prevalence of citizens' defensive motivation when assigning responsibility.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Meer", "given": "Toni", "non-dropping-particle": "van der" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersFightFlightAttributing2020",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2019.1566394",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "9",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 7, 28]] },
    "page": "1327-1352",
    "title": "Fight or flight? Attributing responsibility in response to mixed congruent and incongruent partisan news in selective exposure media environments",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersMisinformationPolarizationHighChoice2020",
    "abstract": "One of the most fundamental changes in today's political information environment is an increasing lack of communicative truthfulness. To explore this worrisome phenomenon, this study aims to investigate the effects of political misinformation by integrating three theoretical approaches: (1) misinformation, (2) polarization, and (3) selective exposure. In this article, we examine the role of fact-checkers in discrediting polarized misinformation in a fragmented media environment. We rely on two experiments (N = 1,117) in which we vary exposure to attitudinal-congruent or incongruent political news and a follow-up fact-check article debunking the information. Participants were either forced to see or free to select a fact-checker. Results show that fact-checkers can be successful as they (1) lower agreement with attitudinally congruent political misinformation and (2) can overcome political polarization. Moreover, dependent on the issue, fact-checkers are most likely to be selected when they confirm prior attitudes and avoided when they are incongruent, indicating a confirmation bias for selecting corrective information. The freedom to select or avoid fact-checkers does not have an impact on political beliefs.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersMisinformationPolarizationHighChoice2020",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0093650218819671",
    "ISSN": "0093-6502",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 3]] },
    "page": "227-250",
    "title": "Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "47"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersPicturePaintsThousand2020",
    "abstract": "Today's fragmented and digital media environment may create a fertile breeding ground for the uncontrolled spread of disinformation. Although previous research has investigated the effects of misinformation and corrective efforts, we know too little about the role of visuals in disinformation and fact checking. Against this backdrop, we conducted an online experiment with a diverse sample of U.S. citizens (N = 1,404) to investigate the credibility of textual versus multimodal (text-plus-visual) disinformation, and the effects of textual and multimodal fact checkers in refuting disinformation on school shootings and refugees. Our findings indicate that, irrespective of the source, multimodal disinformation is considered slightly more credible than textual disinformation. Fact checkers can help to overcome the potential harmful consequences of disinformation. We also found that fact checkers can overcome partisan and attitudinal filters - which points to the relevance of fact checking as a journalistic discipline.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Powell", "given": "Thomas E." },
      { "family": "Van Der Meer", "given": "Toni G. L. A." },
      { "family": "Bos", "given": "Lieke" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersPicturePaintsThousand2020",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10584609.2019.1674979",
    "ISSN": "1058-4609",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 3, 3]] },
    "page": "281-301",
    "title": "A Picture Paints a Thousand Lies? The Effects and Mechanisms of Multimodal Disinformation and Rebuttals Disseminated via Social Media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "37"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersScientistsHaveBetrayed2021",
    "abstract": "In today's digitized media ecologies, anti-science beliefs and deliberate attacks on the legitimacy of experts and empirical evidence are getting more widespread. Blaming scientific elites may be an important populist communication tactic used to fuel disenchantment and cynicism toward scientists regarded as part of the “corrupt” elite. To investigate the effects of different blame attributions to scientific elites, we rely on experimental data collected among a representative sample of Dutch citizens (N = 475). We randomly exposed people to populist versus nonpopulist blame attributions to scientific elites, or conspiracies in which different elite actors were accused of secretly collaborating to manipulate and mislead the people. Our findings show that, under some conditions, anti-science communication negatively affects evaluations of scientists. By demonstrating the impact of anti-science populism, we show how the public's opposition to expert knowledge and the rejection of truthful information may be fueled by blaming scientists.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Van der Meer", "given": "Toni G. L. A." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersScientistsHaveBetrayed2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "page": "4709-4733",
    "title": "The Scientists Have Betrayed Us! The Effects of Anti-Science Communication on Negative Perceptions Toward the Scientific Community",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "15"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersTheyAreAll2023",
    "abstract": "Populist attributions of blame have important effects on citizens' attitudes, cognitions, emotions, and behaviors. Extending previous studies that have mostly looked at populist messages blaming political elites, we use an online survey experiment (N = 805) to investigate the effects of blaming different elitist actors in populist and non-populist ways: (1) political elites, (2) corporate elites, (3) scientific elites, and (4) a combination of these elites. We compare mere causal responsibility attribution to populist blame attributions that highlight a central opposition between “pure ordinary people “ and “corrupt elites “ to tease out the specific effect of populist rhetoric. Results suggest that populist messages blaming all elites have stronger effects than isolated cues. Furthermore, populist blame attribution leads to more negative perceptions of the elites than non-populist blame attribution. The finding that populist frames can - under some conditions - activate negative perceptions toward different elites is alarming in times of declining trust in societal institutions, and calls for a more encompassing understanding of populists' scapegoats.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Boumans", "given": "Jelle W. W." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersTheyAreAll2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2021-0105",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 11, 27]] },
    "page": "588-607",
    "title": "They are all against us! The effects of populist blame attributions to political, corporate, and scientific elites",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersTheyWouldNever2023",
    "abstract": "Although deepfakes are conventionally regarded as dangerous, we know little about how deepfakes are perceived, and which potential motivations drive doubt in the believability of deepfakes versus authentic videos. To better understand the audience's perceptions of deepfakes, we ran an online experiment (N = 829) in which participants were randomly exposed to a politician's textual or audio-visual authentic speech or a textual or audio-visual manipulation (a deepfake) where this politician's speech was forged to include a radical right-wing populist narrative. In response to both textual disinformation and deepfakes, we inductively assessed (1) the perceived motivations for expressed doubt and uncertainty in response to disinformation and (2) the accuracy of such judgments. Key findings show that participants have a hard time distinguishing a deepfake from a related authentic video, and that the deepfake's content distance from reality is a more likely cause for doubt than perceived technological glitches. Together, we offer new insights into news users' abilities to distinguish deepfakes from authentic news, which may inform (targeted) media literacy interventions promoting accurate verification skills among the audience.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersTheyWouldNever2023",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/02673231231184703",
    "ISSN": "0267-3231",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 6, 26]] },
    "title": "They Would Never Say Anything Like This! Reasons To Doubt Political Deepfakes",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "hameleersYouWonBelieve2022",
    "abstract": "Disinformation has been regarded as a key threat to democracy. Yet, we know little about the effects of different modalities of disinformation, or the impact of disinformation disseminated through (inauthentic) social media accounts of ordinary citizens. To test the effects of different forms of disinformation and their embedding, we conducted an experimental study in the Netherlands (N = 1,244). In this experiment, we investigated the effects of disinformation (contrasted to both similar and dissimilar authentic political speeches), the role of modality (textual manipulation versus a deepfake), and the disinformation's embedding on social media (absent, endorsed or discredited by an (in)authentic citizen). Our main findings indicate that deepfakes are less credible than authentic news on the same topic. Deepfakes are not more persuasive than textual disinformation. Although we did find that disinformation has effects on the perceived credibility and source evaluations of people who tend to agree with the stance of the disinformation's arguments, our findings suggest that the strong societal concerns on deepfakes' destabilizing impact on democracy are not completely justified.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hameleersYouWonBelieve2022",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/20563051221116346",
    "ISSN": "2056-3051",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 7]] },
    "title": "You Won't Believe What They Just Said! The Effects of Political Deepfakes Embedded as Vox Populi on Social Media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "hanimannBelievingCredibilityMeasures2023",
    "abstract": "Although credibility has been a key concept in communication research for decades, there still is no consensus on its conceptualization and measurement. Indeed, scholars have criticized the lack of theory-driven approaches, conceptual inconsistencies between subconstructs of credibility, and the problems of applying them to the contemporary media environment. This literature review of quantitative studies of credibility published between 1951 and 2018 explores state-of-the- art definitions and measures of credibility (N = 259). While most studies make a conceptual distinction between source, media, and message credibility, measurement scales do not follow this traditional trinity. Instead, we propose moving toward a dual-credibility model.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hanimann", "given": "Anina" },
      { "family": "Heimann", "given": "Andri" },
      { "family": "Hellmueller", "given": "Lea" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hanimannBelievingCredibilityMeasures2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023"]] },
    "page": "214-235",
    "title": "Believing in Credibility Measures: Reviewing Credibility Measures in Media Research From 1951 to 2018",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "17"
  },
  {
    "id": "harteveldAffectivePolarizationPopulist2022",
    "abstract": "Do populist radical right (PRR) parties fuel affective polarization? If so, how and under which circumstances? Based on a comparative cross-country analysis covering 103 elections in 28 European countries and an examination of longitudinal data from the Netherlands, we show that PRR parties occupy a particular position in the affective political landscape because they both radiate and receive high levels of dislike. In other words, supporters of PRR parties are uniquely (and homogeneously) negative about (supporters of) mainstream parties and vice versa. Our analyses suggest that these high levels of antipathy are most likely due to the combination of these parties' nativism and populism - two different forms of ingroup-outgroup thinking. Our findings also suggest that greater electoral success by PRR parties reduces dislike towards them, while government participation appears threatening to all voters except coalition partners.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Harteveld", "given": "Eelco" },
      { "family": "Mendoza", "given": "Philipp" },
      { "family": "Rooduijn", "given": "Matthijs" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "harteveldAffectivePolarizationPopulist2022",
    "container-title": "GOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION",
    "DOI": "10.1017/gov.2021.31",
    "ISSN": "0017-257X",
    "issue": "4, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 10]] },
    "page": "703-727",
    "title": "Affective Polarization and the Populist Radical Right: Creating the Hating?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "57"
  },
  {
    "id": "heibergerNotBlameMedia2022",
    "abstract": "Democratic politics builds on both clear differences and shared common ground. While the rise of digital media may have enabled more differences to be articulated, common ground is often seen as threatened by fragmentation of political debate, which some see as driven by news media. The relative importance of political actors (parties and politicians) in driving fragmentation has received less attention. In this paper, we compare how news media and political actors contribute to the fragmentation of online political debate on the basis of analysis of almost half a million election-related tweets collected during the 2017 French, German, and U.K. national elections. We employ a structural topic model to reduce online political debate to networks of topic overlap. Across the three countries with different political and media systems, we find news media are by far the most important actors in terms of creating and maintaining a common space of online political debate on Twitter. Our results also show that political actors, with some variation from country to country, contribute more to fragmentation as they focus on different topics while articulating clear differences. These findings underline the importance of complementing structural analysis of the rise of digital and social media with analysis of how important elite actors like news media and political parties/candidates use these media in different ways. Overall, we show how at least on Twitter, across three different countries with different media systems and political systems, news media create connection that contributes to commonality while political actors lay out clear differences that drive fragmentation.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Heiberger", "given": "Raphael" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Castro Herrero", "given": "Laia" },
      { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "Rasmus K." },
      { "family": "Esser", "given": "Frank" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "heibergerNotBlameMedia2022",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/19401612211015122",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "4, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 10]] },
    "page": "910-941",
    "title": "Do Not Blame the Media! The Role of Politicians and Parties in Fragmenting Online Political Debate",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "27"
  },
  {
    "id": "helbergerMacroExogenousFactors2020",
    "abstract": "To advance the emerging research field of computational advertising this article describes the new computational advertising ecosystem, identifies key actors within it and interactions among them, and discusses future research agendas. Specifically, we propose systematic conceptualization for the redefined advertising industry, consumers, government, and technology environmental factors, and discuss emerging and anticipated tensions that arise in the macro and exogenous factors surrounding the new computational advertising industry, leading to suggestions for future research directions. From multidisciplinary angles, areas of tension and related research questions are explored from advertising, business, computer science, and legal perspectives. The proposed research agendas include exploring transparency of computational advertising practice and consumer education; understanding the trade-off between explainability and performance of algorithms; exploring the issue of new consumers as free data laborers, data as commodity, and related consumer agency challenges; understanding the relationship between algorithmic transparency and consumers' literacy; evaluating the trade-off between algorithmic fairness and privacy protection; examining legal and regulatory issues regarding power imbalance between actors in the computational advertising ecosystem; and studying the trade-off between technological innovation and consumer protection and empowerment.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Huh", "given": "Jisu" },
      { "family": "Milne", "given": "George" },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Sundaram", "given": "Hari" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "helbergerMacroExogenousFactors2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/00913367.2020.1811179",
    "ISSN": "0091-3367",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 8, 7]] },
    "page": "377-393",
    "title": "Macro and Exogenous Factors in Computational Advertising: Key Issues and New Research Directions",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "49"
  },
  {
    "id": "helbergerWhoFairestThem2020",
    "abstract": "The ongoing substitution of human decision makers by automated decision-making (ADM) systems in a whole range of areas raises the question of whether and, if so, under which conditions ADM is acceptable and fair. So far, this debate has been primarily led by aca-demics, civil society, technology developers and members of the expert groups tasked to develop ethical guidelines for ADM. Ultimately, however, ADM affects citizens, who will live with, act upon and ultimately have to accept the authority of ADM systems. The paper aims to contribute to this larger debate by providing deeper insights into the question of whether, and if so, why and under which conditions, citizens are inclined to accept ADM as fair. The results of a survey (N = 958) with a representative sample of the Dutch adult population, show that most respondents assume that AI-driven ADM systems are fairer than human decision-makers. A more nuanced view emerges from an analysis of the responses, with emotions, expectations about AI being data-and calculation-driven, as well as the role of the programmer among other dimensions-being cited as reasons for (un)fairness by AI or humans. Individual characteristics such as age and education level influenced not only perceptions about AI fairness, but also the reasons provided for such perceptions. The paper concludes with a normative assessment of the findings and suggestions for the future debate and research. (C) 2020 Natali Helberger, Theo Araujo, Claes H. de Vreese. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "helbergerWhoFairestThem2020",
    "container-title": "COMPUTER LAW & SECURITY REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.clsr.2020.105456",
    "ISSN": "0267-3649",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11]] },
    "title": "Who is the fairest of them all? Public attitudes and expectations regarding automated decision-making",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "39"
  },
  {
    "id": "henkelOnlineOfflineMultiplatform2020",
    "abstract": "Online journalists are often believed, not least in the industry itself, to follow different professional standards from their print and broadcast colleagues. There is, however, little empirical evidence to support or to refute this perception. This paper intends to help fill that gap by investigating whether offline and online journalists differ in their professional principles and practices. Drawing on previous conceptual research by Deuze, we operationalize the concept of journalism as an ideology comprising four ideal professional values: public service, objectivity, autonomy, and ethics. Using survey data from the Worlds of Journalism Study we compare professional principles and practices among online, offline, and multiplatform journalists in nine Western and Eastern European countries (N = 6,089). We find, contrary to previous research, that principles and practices among online and offline journalists broadly conform. However, we also find that online journalists are more likely than their offline colleagues to find justification for publishing unverified information and less interested in holding politicians to account, despite reporting that they have more freedom to select and frame news stories. We also find important differences between our samples of Western and Eastern European journalists.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Henkel", "given": "Imke" },
      { "family": "Thurman", "given": "Neil" },
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "henkelOnlineOfflineMultiplatform2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2020.1749111",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 7, 26]] },
    "page": "1363-1383",
    "title": "Do Online, Offline, and Multiplatform Journalists Differ in their Professional Principles and Practices? Findings from a Multinational Study",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "heseltineAssessingTrumpPresidential2023",
    "abstract": "In the 2022 midterm elections, Donald Trump made a slew of high-profile endorsements, continuing a trend of prolific endorsement activity established during his time in office. While existing works have largely focused on presidential campaigning in congressional races from sitting presidents, little is known about the effects of this continued activity once a president has left office. This paper therefore assesses trends in President Trump's endorsements across three election cycles (2018-2022), testing whether the types of candidates that Trump chose to endorse and the engagement and electoral effects of these endorsements changed over time. Across all election cycles, his endorsements produced little benefit for candidates in the general election. Endorsed candidates did not benefit financially and collectively received an aggregate vote share penalty of approximately 1.5 percentage points. However, endorsed candidates received a consistent and substantial electoral benefit in Republican primary elections, with these benefits growing marginally over time. Trump's endorsements came increasingly early in the election cycle, with an increased focus on backing likely winners and rewarding political allies during the primaries. As such, significant changes in the types of candidates receiving endorsements after President Trump left office highlight an important shift in post-presidency endorsement strategy, where partisan electoral goals were secondary to a strategic focus on retaining personal influence within the Republican party.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" }],
    "citation-key": "heseltineAssessingTrumpPresidential2023",
    "container-title": "ELECTORAL STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102661",
    "ISSN": "0261-3794",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10]] },
    "title": "Assessing Trump's presidential endorsements while in and out of office (2018-2022)",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "85"
  },
  {
    "id": "heseltineAsymmetricPolarizationOnline2023",
    "abstract": "In their online communications, political elites may choose to strategically eschew mainstream media sources and engage with alternative media outlets based on ideological and strategic considerations about the type of content they wish to legitimize or amplify to their followers. This is particularly true on social media which has become a fertile breeding ground for viral non-mainstream media content. Using an extensive dataset of social media posts sent from Members of the U.S. Congress between 2011 and 2022 (6.3 million tweets, 2.3 million Facebook posts), this article explores how media engagement in congressional online communications has evolved over time. The results suggest clear trends of asymmetric polarization, both in terms of media link sharing and media handle engagement, with Republican homophily and extremity of engagement growing steadily over time. This growing extremity is explained by changing Member behavior rather than changes in the composition of Congress and is primarily driven by more ideologically extreme Members of the Republican party increasingly engaging with rightwing and alt-right media. These trends have intensified in recent years, especially after the election of Donald Trump in 2016. Collectively, these results shed light on shifting ideological trends in media engagement and have important implications for our understanding of the relationship between political elites and the media in a highly polarized contemporary political environment.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" }],
    "citation-key": "heseltineAsymmetricPolarizationOnline2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/19401612231211800",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 11, 24]] },
    "title": "Asymmetric Polarization in Online Media Engagement in the United States Congress",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "heseltineGuidePrintedWork2009",
    "author": [{ "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" }],
    "citation-key": "heseltineGuidePrintedWork2009",
    "container-title": "BURLINGTON MAGAZINE",
    "ISSN": "0007-6287",
    "issue": "1270",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2009", 1]] },
    "page": "42",
    "title": "A Guide to the Printed Work of Jessie M. King",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "151"
  },
  {
    "id": "heseltineOnlineIncivility20202022",
    "abstract": "This paper explores the prevalence and correlates of political incivility among Congressional candidates in the 2020 election cycle, focusing specifically on which types of candidates were most likely to use uncivil language in their online communications and the self-reinforcing nature of incivility between candidates. Based on a comprehensive analysis of more than two million tweets sent by major party candidates in the 2020 House and Senate races, we conclude that several individual and electoral factors were influential in driving candidate incivility. Specifically, Republicans, challengers, and candidates in less competitive races were more likely to use uncivil rhetoric. Women, racial minorities, and candidates running in open seat races were less prone to incivility. We also find that incivility begets incivility, with candidates whose opponents used higher rates of incivility also being more likely to use incivility themselves. Uncivil tweets were also found to generate significantly more likes and retweets, suggesting that incivility is a viable means of driving engagement for candidates. These results shed light on the factors behind incivility among political elites, as well as highlight the feedback effects which contribute to a self-reinforcing rise in political incivility.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Dorsey", "given": "Spencer" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "heseltineOnlineIncivility20202022",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/10659129221078863",
    "ISSN": "1065-9129",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 6]] },
    "page": "512-526",
    "title": "Online Incivility in the 2020 Congressional Elections",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "75"
  },
  {
    "id": "heseltinePoemata30312018",
    "author": [{ "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" }],
    "citation-key": "heseltinePoemata30312018",
    "container-title": "TRANSLATION AND LITERATURE",
    "ISSN": "0968-1361",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 7]] },
    "page": "198",
    "title": "<i>Poemata</i> 30/31",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "27"
  },
  {
    "id": "heseltinePolarizingOnlineElite2023",
    "abstract": "Times of national and international crisis are often unifying events which lower levels of division within the public and between political elites. Yet, COVID-19 pandemic responses in the United States have been viewed as markedly polarized. Using a comprehensive dataset of over four million social media posts sent by local, state, and federal level political officials between January 2020 and September 2022, this paper explores the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic was a rhetorically unifying or divisive event, and whether rhetorical responses differed across levels of government. The results show that federal level officials were less likely to message about COVID-19 and were more likely to do so in a polarizing fashion compared to state and local officials. Temporally, in the early stages of the pandemic there was indeed a collective rhetorical de-polarization across all levels of government. However, as the pandemic progressed, COVID-related messaging became more polarizing, especially among Republicans. Evidence also emerges of dynamic responsiveness from elected officials, with relativeness attentiveness to COVID increasing and polarizing rhetoric decreasing during time periods when local case counts were relatively high. These findings suggest that rhetorical unity is still possible, even in times of high political polarization, but that this unity is also short-lived and tempered by political and electoral considerations.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" }],
    "citation-key": "heseltinePolarizingOnlineElite2023",
    "container-title": "AMERICAN POLITICS RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1532673X231220647",
    "ISSN": "1532-673X",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 12, 6]] },
    "title": "Polarizing Online Elite Rhetoric at the Federal, State, and Local Level During the COVID-19 Pandemic",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "heseltineSatyricon2018",
    "author": [{ "family": "Heseltine", "given": "Michael" }],
    "citation-key": "heseltineSatyricon2018",
    "container-title": "TRANSLATION AND LITERATURE",
    "ISSN": "0968-1361",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 7]] },
    "page": "197",
    "title": "Satyricon",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "27"
  },
  {
    "id": "hilbertComputationalCommunicationScience2019",
    "abstract": "This article reviews the opportunities and challenges for computational research methods in the field of communication. Among the social sciences, communication stands out as a discipline with a relatively low-profile institutionalized focus on the in-house development of methods. Computational tools are changing this, and they are catalyzing a new set of methods directly suited to tackling foundational research questions in communication. We systematically review how computational methods affect the three fundamental pillars of the scientific method: observational approaches (i.e., digital trace data), theoretical approaches (i.e., computer simulations), and experimental research (i.e., virtual labs and field experiments). We stress that data are a catalyzer but not a requirement for computational science. We explore how observational, theoretical, and experimental approaches can be combined and cross-fertilize one another. We conclude that taking advantage of computational methods will require a systematic effort in our discipline to develop and adjust these methods.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hilbert", "given": "Martin" },
      { "family": "Barnett", "given": "George" },
      { "family": "Blumenstock", "given": "Joshua" },
      { "family": "Contractor", "given": "Noshir" },
      { "family": "Diesner", "given": "Jana" },
      { "family": "Frey", "given": "Seth" },
      { "family": "Gonzalez-Bailon", "given": "Sandra" },
      { "family": "Lamberso", "given": "P. J." },
      { "family": "Pan", "given": "Jennifer" },
      { "family": "Peng", "given": "Tai-Quan" },
      { "family": "Shen", "given": "Cuihua (Cindy)" },
      { "family": "Smaldino", "given": "Paul E." },
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" },
      { "family": "Waldherr", "given": "Annie" },
      { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Jingwen" },
      { "family": "Zhu", "given": "Jonathan J. H." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hilbertComputationalCommunicationScience2019",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "3912-3934",
    "title": "Computational Communication Science: A Methodological Catalyzer for a Maturing Discipline",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "13"
  },
  {
    "id": "himelboimIntegratingNetworkClustering2023",
    "abstract": "Brand-related content cocreated by consumers can play a crucial role in brand-consumer interactions and provide brands with valuable insights hidden in vast seas of unstructured data. We propose and evaluate a framework integrating a social network approach and scalable automated content analysis of texts and visuals for studying brand-related communication on social media. To illustrate the proposed approach, we use Twitter content related to two brands: Barclays and Sierra Club. By applying network clustering algorithms we identify different types of organically emerging communities around brands. Cluster-specific diffusion leaders are identified using their in-degree centrality values. To examine the unique characteristics of brand-related content within each cluster, we apply and assess the accuracy of popular off-the-shelf solutions for text and image analysis, also known as application programming interfaces (APIs). Of six sentiment analysis solutions, only one shows acceptable reliability levels. For computer vision APIs, we first identify labels that have unclear or imprecise meaning and calculate accuracy levels, resulting in acceptable accuracy levels for four of the five APIs. We discuss conceptual and practical implications of this integrative approach and of the technological hurdles that these popular automated content analysis applications pose.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Himelboim", "given": "Itai" },
      { "family": "Maslowska", "given": "Ewa" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "himelboimIntegratingNetworkClustering2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/00913367.2023.2166629",
    "ISSN": "0091-3367",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1, 25]] },
    "title": "Integrating Network Clustering Analysis and Computational Methods to Understand Communication With and About Brands: Opportunities and Challenges",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoDynamicsNationalIdentity2017",
    "author": [{ "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-Ting" }],
    "citation-key": "hoDynamicsNationalIdentity2017",
    "container-title": "NATIONS AND NATIONALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1111/nana.12340",
    "ISSN": "1354-5078",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 10]] },
    "page": "1004-1006",
    "title": "Dynamics of National Identity: Media and societal factors of what we are",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "hofhuisAutomatedContentAnalysis2023",
    "abstract": "Objective: In this article, we present a digital tool (Diversity Perspectives in Annual Reports [DivPAR]) for automated content analysis of annual reports, designed to identify the presence of three cultural diversity perspectives-the Moral, Market, and Innovation perspectives-based on earlier work by Ely and Thomas (2001). Method: In Study 1, we describe the development and validation of the instrument, through an iterative procedure in which manual annotation of independent subsamples (n = 24, 25) by human coders was compared to the computer coding in subsequent rounds, until sufficient agreement was reached. In Study 2, we illustrate the type of data that the script generates, by analyzing the prevalence of the three perspectives in annual reports of 55 Dutch organizations over a period of 2 decades (1999-2018; n = 937). Results: Our findings confirm that DivPAR is sufficiently reliable for use in future research. In Study 2, we show that among Dutch organizations, the moral perspective is most prevalent, but the market and innovation perspectives are increasing in popularity. Conclusion: DivPAR can be used to analyze the prevalence and longitudinal development of diversity perspectives in organizational communication. It enables scholars to draw comparisons across different sectors, regions, or countries, to study how diversity perspectives correlate with societal developments, and to uncover the (lack of) relationships between diversity communication and diversity outcomes. Directions for future research are discussed at the end of the article.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hofhuis", "given": "Joep" },
      { "family": "Schafraad", "given": "Pytrik" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Luca", "given": "Nastasia" },
      { "family": "Manen", "given": "Bastiaan", "non-dropping-particle": "van" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hofhuisAutomatedContentAnalysis2023",
    "container-title": "CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1037/cdp0000413",
    "ISSN": "1099-9809",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1]] },
    "page": "74-84",
    "title": "Automated Content Analysis of Cultural Diversity Perspectives in Annual Reports (DivPAR): Development, Validation, and Future Research Agenda",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "29"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoHongKongAnticolonial2023",
    "abstract": "The study of Hong Kong identity has traditionally been positioned in a local-national dichotomy, where Hong Kong identity is viewed primarily as a local identity while the label of national identity is reserved for identification with the Chinese nation. Hong Kong nationalism, on the other hand, is generally considered a new phenomenon, the study of which has focused predominantly on the political activities in the post-handover period. Drawing on Partha Chatterjee's theory of anti-colonial nationalism, this paper seeks to broaden the understanding of Hong Kong nationalism by examining the nationalistic sentiments manifested during the Chinese language campaign (1964-1971). This paper draws on archival materials to shed light on the presence of anti-colonial nationalism in colonial Hong Kong, an aspect often overlooked or considered a mere extension of Chinese nationalism from mainland China. This paper also discusses the distinctions between anti-colonial nationalism in Hong Kong and Chinese nationalism, highlighting the intricate nature of the concept of Chineseness.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-ting" }],
    "citation-key": "hoHongKongAnticolonial2023",
    "container-title": "CHINA QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1017/S0305741023001534",
    "ISSN": "0305-7410",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 11, 15]] },
    "title": "Hong Kong Anti-colonial Nationalism during the Chinese Language Campaign",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoHowBiasedSample2020",
    "abstract": "Facebook research has proliferated during recent years. However, since November 2017, Facebook has introduced a new limitation on the maximum amount of page posts retrievable through their Graph application programming interface, while there is limited documentation on how these posts are selected. This paper compares two datasets of the same Facebook page, a full dataset obtained before the introduction of the limitation and a partial dataset obtained after, and employs bootstrapping technique to assess the bias caused by the new limitation. This paper demonstrates that posts with high user engagement, Photo posts and Video posts, are over-represented, while Link posts are under-represented. Top-term analysis reveals that there are significant differences in the most prominent terms between the full and partial dataset. This paper also reverse engineered the new application programming interface's ranking algorithm to identify the features of a post that would affect its odds of being selected. Sentiment analysis reveals that there are significant differences in the sentiment word usage between the selected and non-selected posts. This paper has significant implications for the representativeness of research that use Facebook page data collected after the introduction of the limitation.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-Ting" }],
    "citation-key": "hoHowBiasedSample2020",
    "container-title": "BIG DATA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/2053951720905874",
    "ISSN": "2053-9517",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 1]] },
    "title": "How biased is the sample? Reverse engineering the ranking algorithm of Facebook's Graph application programming interface",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoInternationalismStatelessNations2023",
    "abstract": "Nationalism is often associated with xenophobia and isolationism in academic literature. The negative image of nationalism has been further strengthened by the electoral success of far-right political figures across the world. However, treating all nationalism as a uniformly negative phenomenon risks over-simplification, as nationalism might manifest differently given different social context and rhetorical resources available. Taking Hong Kong as a case, this paper theorises Hong Kong as a stateless nation and examines the alleged negative association of nationalism. It moves beyond the traditional `Hong Kong vis-a-vis China' framework and explores the relationship between Hong Kong nationalists and non-Chinese international actors. Drawing on data from major Hong Kong political parties' Facebook page, this paper shows that Hong Kong nationalism exhibits a high level of internationalism in both inward and outward dimensions, theorised, respectively, as the willingness to accept foreign influence and to invite international cooperation, and therefore offers a nuanced understanding about the relationship between nationalism, xenophobia and isolationism.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-ting" }],
    "citation-key": "hoInternationalismStatelessNations2023",
    "container-title": "NATIONS AND NATIONALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1111/nana.12840",
    "ISSN": "1354-5078",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1]] },
    "page": "346-363",
    "title": "The internationalism of stateless nations: The case of Hong Kong",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "29"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoNationalismContemporarySinoJapanese2016",
    "author": [{ "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-ting" }],
    "citation-key": "hoNationalismContemporarySinoJapanese2016",
    "container-title": "CHINA INFORMATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0920203X16673287i",
    "ISSN": "0920-203X",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 11]] },
    "page": "391-393",
    "title": "Nationalism and contemporary Sino-Japanese relations: Nation-state, frontier, and knowledge of history",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "30"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoppDynamicTransactionsNews2020",
    "abstract": "A central goal of news research is to understand the interplay between news coverage and sociopolitical events. Although a great deal of work has elucidated how events drive news coverage, and how in turn news coverage influences societal outcomes, integrative systems-level models of the reciprocal interchanges between these two processes are sparse. Herein, we present a macro-scale investigation of the dynamic transactions between news frames and events using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), focusing on morally charged news frames and sociopolitical events. Using 3,501,141 news records discussing 504,759 unique events, we demonstrate that sequences of frames and events can be characterized in terms of “hidden states” containing distinct moral frame and event relationships, and that these “hidden states” can forecast future news frames and events. This work serves to construct a path toward the integrated study of the news-event cycle across multiple research domains.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hoppDynamicTransactionsNews2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/joc/jqaa015",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "3, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 6]] },
    "page": "335-355",
    "title": "Dynamic Transactions Between News Frames and Sociopolitical Events: An Integrative, Hidden Markov Model Approach",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "70"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoppExtendedMoralFoundations2021",
    "abstract": "Moral intuitions are a central motivator in human behavior. Recent work highlights the importance of moral intuitions for understanding a wide range of issues ranging from online radicalization to vaccine hesitancy. Extracting and analyzing moral content in messages, narratives, and other forms of public discourse is a critical step toward understanding how the psychological influence of moral judgments unfolds at a global scale. Extant approaches for extracting moral content are limited in their ability to capture the intuitive nature of moral sensibilities, constraining their usefulness for understanding and predicting human moral behavior. Here we introduce the extended Moral Foundations Dictionary (eMFD), a dictionary-based tool for extracting moral content from textual corpora. The eMFD, unlike previous methods, is constructed from text annotations generated by a large sample of human coders. We demonstrate that the eMFD outperforms existing approaches in a variety of domains. We anticipate that the eMFD will contribute to advance the study of moral intuitions and their influence on social, psychological, and communicative processes.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Cornell", "given": "Devin" },
      { "family": "Huskey", "given": "Richard" },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hoppExtendedMoralFoundations2021",
    "container-title": "BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS",
    "DOI": "10.3758/s13428-020-01433-0",
    "ISSN": "1554-351X",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 2]] },
    "page": "232-246",
    "title": "The extended Moral Foundations Dictionary (eMFD): Development and applications of a crowd-sourced approach to extracting moral intuitions from text",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "53"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoppGraphLearningApproachDetecting2020",
    "abstract": "Moral conflict is central to appealing narratives, but no methodology exists for computationally extracting moral conflict from narratives at scale. In this article, we present an approach combining tools from social network analysis and natural language processing with recent theoretical advancements in the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars. This approach considers narratives in terms of a network of dynamically evolving relationships between characters. We apply this method in order to analyze 894 movie scripts encompassing 82,195 scenes, showing that scenes containing moral conflict between central characters can be identified using changes in connectivity patterns between network modules. Furthermore, we derive computational models for standardizing moral conflict measurements. Our results suggest that this method can accurately extract moral conflict from a diverse collection of movie scripts. We provide a theoretical integration of our method into the larger milieu of storytelling and entertainment research, illuminating future research trajectories at the intersection of computational communication research and media psychology.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic Rene" },
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob Taylor" },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hoppGraphLearningApproachDetecting2020",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v8i3.3155",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "164-179",
    "title": "A Graph-Learning Approach for Detecting Moral Conflict in Movie Scripts",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoppMoralFoundationsElicit2023",
    "abstract": "Moral foundations theory (MFT) holds that moral judgements are driven by modular and ideologically variable moral foundations but where and how these foundations are represented in the brain and shaped by political beliefs remains an open question. Using a moral vignette judgement task (n = 64), we probed the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations. Univariate analyses revealed that moral judgement of moral foundations, versus conventional norms, reliably recruits core areas implicated in theory of mind. Yet, multivariate pattern analysis demonstrated that each moral foundation elicits dissociable neural representations distributed throughout the cortex. As predicted by MFT, individuals' liberal or conservative orientation modulated neural responses to moral foundations. Our results confirm that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition but also has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience. We discuss these findings in view of unified versus dissociable accounts of morality and their neurological support for MFT. Hopp et al. probe the neural (dis)unity of moral foundations theory and report that each moral foundation recruits domain-general mechanisms of social cognition but also has a dissociable neural signature malleable by sociomoral experience.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Amir", "given": "Ori" },
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Grafton", "given": "Scott" },
      { "family": "Sinnott-Armstrong", "given": "Walter" },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hoppMoralFoundationsElicit2023",
    "container-title": "NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR",
    "DOI": "10.1038/s41562-023-01693-8",
    "ISSN": "2397-3374",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 9, 7]] },
    "title": "Moral foundations elicit shared and dissociable cortical activation modulated by political ideology",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoppReflectionsExtractingMoral2021",
    "abstract": "Moral intuitions play a central role in communication processes, from the selection, valuation, and production of media content to political campaigning, opinion formation, and voting. The valid extraction of moral information from media content is a critical step toward understanding the dynamic transactions between moral frames and real-world events. In a recent case study, Wang and Liu (2021. Moral framing and information virality in social movements: A case study of #HongKongPoliceBrutality. Communication Monographs) manually coded the presence of moral intuitions in tweets surrounding the hashtag #HongKongPoliceBrutality to examine how moral frames modulate a tweet's virality. Considering the numerous implications of this important work, we provide a commentary on Wang and Liu's approach and procedures. We hope that our commentary contributes additional insights into the challenges and state-of-the-art of moral content codings in communication studies.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hoppReflectionsExtractingMoral2021",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPHS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/03637751.2021.1963513",
    "ISSN": "0363-7751",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 7, 3]] },
    "page": "371-379",
    "title": "Reflections on extracting moral foundations from media content",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "88"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoppRejoinderHowMethodological2021",
    "abstract": "We herein discuss our commentary in light of Wang and Liu's response and clarify our suggestions regarding their original content analysis. Revisiting the methodological decisions that impact the reliability and validity of moral content codings, we focus on the selection and separation of coding and context units, the importance of keeping the annotations of codebook creators and coders independent for obtaining unbiased reliability estimates, the advantages of intuitive, context-aware text highlighting tasks executed by an optimally trained crowd, and on using the recommended moral dictionary scoring options when automatically coding textual documents. We thank Wang and Liu for their engagement with our commentary and in joining our efforts to improve guidelines for conducting reproducible, reliable, and valid moral content analyses.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "hoppRejoinderHowMethodological2021",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPHS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/03637751.2021.1963517",
    "ISSN": "0363-7751",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 7, 3]] },
    "page": "389-393",
    "title": "Rejoinder: How methodological decisions impact the validity of moral content analyses",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "88"
  },
  {
    "id": "hoUnderstandingHongKong2022",
    "abstract": "Drawing on data from Facebook, this article examines how elements of nationalism discourse were invoked by political actors to advance their agenda. In this paper, a novel mixed-method approach is introduced. The analysis begins with the quantitative phase, and topic modelling is used to identify the recurring themes in corpus. A topic network is generated based on the semantic association and centrality measures from social network analysis are used to identify the core topics in the discourse. In the qualitative phase, texts from the core topics are analysed discursively. The findings reveal that Hong Kong nationalism discourse includes three frames: the threat frame that constructs the overarching narrative of China Threat, the identity frame that engages with the debate on localism and nationalism and the action frame that discusses the actions to be taken in response to the threats.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-ting" }],
    "citation-key": "hoUnderstandingHongKong2022",
    "container-title": "NATIONS AND NATIONALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1111/nana.12805",
    "ISSN": "1354-5078",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 10]] },
    "page": "1249-1266",
    "title": "Understanding Hong Kong nationalism: A topic network approach",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "28"
  },
  {
    "id": "ischenAmHereAssist2020",
    "abstract": "Online users are increasingly exposed to chatbots as one form of AI-enabled media technologies, employed for persuasive purposes, e.g., making product/service recommendations. However, the persuasive potential of chatbots has not yet been fully explored. Using an online experiment (N = 242), we investigate the extent to which communicating with a stand-alone chatbot influences affective and behavioral responses compared to interactive Web sites. Several underlying mechanisms are studied, showing that enjoyment is the key mechanism explaining the positive effect of chatbots (vs. Web sites) on recommendation adherence and attitudes. Contrary to expectations, perceived anthropomorphism seems not to be particularly relevant in this comparison.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ischen", "given": "Carolin" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Noort", "given": "Guda", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Voorveld", "given": "Hilde" },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Edith" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ischenAmHereAssist2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA",
    "DOI": "10.1080/08838151.2020.1834297",
    "ISSN": "0883-8151",
    "issue": "4, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 10, 1]] },
    "page": "615-639",
    "title": "“I Am Here to Assist You Today”: The Role of Entity, Interactivity and Experiential Perceptions in Chatbot Persuasion",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "64"
  },
  {
    "id": "ischenVoiceReallyPersuasive2022",
    "abstract": "PurposeVirtual assistants are increasingly used for persuasive purposes, employing the different modalities of voice and text (or a combination of the two). In this study, the authors compare the persuasiveness of voice-and text-based virtual assistants. The authors argue for perceived human-likeness and cognitive load as underlying mechanisms that can explain why voice- and text-based assistants differ in their persuasive potential by suppressing the activation of consumers' persuasion knowledge.Design/methodology/approachA pre-registered online-experiment (n = 450) implemented a text-based and two voice-based (with and without interaction history displayed in text) virtual assistants.FindingsFindings show that, contrary to expectations, a text-based assistant is perceived as more human-like compared to a voice-based assistant (regardless of whether the interaction history is displayed), which in turn positively influences brand attitudes and purchase intention. The authors also find that voice as a communication modality can increase persuasion knowledge by being cognitively more demanding in comparison to text.Practical implicationsSimply using voice as a presumably human cue might not suffice to give virtual assistants a human-like appeal. For the development of virtual assistants, it might be beneficial to actively engage consumers to increase awareness of persuasion.Originality/valueThe current study adds to the emergent research stream considering virtual assistants in explicitly exploring modality differences between voice and text (and a combination of the two) and provides insights into the effects of persuasion coming from virtual assistants.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ischen", "given": "Carolin" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo B." },
      { "family": "Voorveld", "given": "Hilde A. M." },
      { "family": "Van Noort", "given": "Guda" },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Edith G." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ischenVoiceReallyPersuasive2022",
    "container-title": "INTERNET RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1108/INTR-03-2022-0160",
    "ISSN": "1066-2243",
    "issue": "7",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 12, 19]] },
    "page": "402-425",
    "title": "Is voice really persuasive? The influence of modality in virtual assistant interactions and two alternative explanations",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "32"
  },
  {
    "id": "jacobiQuantitativeAnalysisLarge2016",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Jacobi", "given": "Carina" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "jacobiQuantitativeAnalysisLarge2016",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2015.1111968",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016"]] },
    "page": "I",
    "title": "Quantitative Analysis of Large Amounts of Journalistic Texts Using Topic Modelling (vol 4, pg 89, 2016)",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "jacobiQUANTITATIVEANALYSISLARGE2016a",
    "abstract": "The huge collections of news content which have become available through digital technologies both enable and warrant scientific inquiry, challenging journalism scholars to analyse unprecedented amounts of texts. We propose Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modelling as a tool to face this challenge. LDA is a cutting edge technique for content analysis, designed to automatically organize large archives of documents based on latent topics, measured as patterns of word (co-) occurrence. We explain how this technique works, how different choices by the researcher affect the results and how the results can be meaningfully interpreted. To demonstrate its usefulness for journalism research, we conducted a case study of the New York Times coverage of nuclear technology from 1945 to the present, partially replicating a study by Gamson and Modigliani. This shows that LDA is a useful tool for analysing trends and patterns in news content in large digital news archives relatively quickly.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Jacobi", "given": "Carina" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "jacobiQUANTITATIVEANALYSISLARGE2016a",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2015.1093271",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016"]] },
    "page": "89-106",
    "title": "QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF JOURNALISTIC TEXTS USING TOPIC MODELLING",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "jinEffectsCorrectiveCommunication2020",
    "abstract": "Crisis misinformation, including false information about a crisis or a crisis-stricken organization, has become a fundamental threat to organizational wellbeing. Effective crisis response geared toward fighting crisis misinformation demands a more systematic approach to corrective communication. Grounded in misinformation debunking theory, this study aims to advance misinformation research in public relations and organizational crisis communication. An online experiment using a U.S. adult sample (N = 817) was conducted to examine the effects of corrective communication strategy (simple rebuttal vs. factual elaboration) and employee backup (present vs. absent) on perceived message quality, organizational reputation, and perceived crisis responsibility. Results show: 1) the use of factual elaboration and the presence of employee backup were direct contributors to crisis response effectiveness; and 2) perceived message quality mediates the effect of corrective communication. This study provides insights into advancing crisis communication theory and offers evidence-based recommendations for practitioners to combat crisis misinformation more effectively.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Jin", "given": "Yan" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Lee", "given": "Yen-", "suffix": "I" },
      { "family": "Lu", "given": "Xuerong" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "jinEffectsCorrectiveCommunication2020",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101910",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 9]] },
    "title": "The Effects of Corrective Communication and Employee Backup on the Effectiveness of Fighting Crisis Misinformation",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "46"
  },
  {
    "id": "jonkmanMoreLessDiverse2018",
    "abstract": "This study on news coverage of highly visible company types in a Dutch daily quality newspaper (NRC Handelsblad; N = 14,363), during the economic crisis (2007-2013), shows that attention to banks (and to a lesser extent also to the automobile and components industry) had a structural negative influence on media agenda diversity. The majority of the other salient company types had a significant positive impact on diversity. These results suggest that banks attracted attention at the expense of more varied, diverse coverage during the crisis. Our findings extend knowledge of agenda-building dynamics in relation to organizational news by considering characteristics of the broader media agenda. We discuss our findings in light of causes and consequences of media coverage of salient businesses.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Jonkman", "given": "Jeroen G. F." },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Piet" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "jonkmanMoreLessDiverse2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884916680371",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "11",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 11]] },
    "page": "1608-1627",
    "title": "More or less diverse: An assessment of the effect of attention to media salient company types on media agenda diversity in Dutch newspaper coverage between 2007 and 2013",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "19"
  },
  {
    "id": "jonkmanPassNotPass2020",
    "abstract": "To pass or not to pass through the news gates? That is a key question with respect to the relationship between large commercial firms and the journalistic outlets that pub-lish news regarding them. Whereas previous research has considered how corporate communication affects media content, the focus of this study is on corporate characteristics (e.g. company size, age, location and ownership structure). Building on the gatekeeping approach, the study investigates the extent to which these characteristics affect corporate visibility in the news and tone of coverage. The characteristics of 100 large corporations in the Netherlands were combined with visibility and tone in Dutch online and print news throughout 2014 (N = 29,516). The results indicate that having more employees, being owned by the government and focusing on consumers add substantially to the explanation of corporate visibility. Furthermore, our results indicate that government-owned companies tend to be portrayed more negatively than listed firms and family businesses.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Jonkman", "given": "Jeroen G. F." },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Piet" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "jonkmanPassNotPass2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2019.1612266",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 1, 2]] },
    "page": "1-18",
    "title": "To Pass or Not to Pass: How Corporate Characteristics Affect Corporate Visibility and Tone in Company News Coverage",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "jurkaRTextToolsSupervisedLearning2013",
    "abstract": "Social scientists have long hand-labeled texts to create datasets useful for studying topics from congressional policymaking to media reporting. Many social scientists have begun to incorporate machine learning into their toolkits. RTextTools was designed to make machine learning accessible by providing a start-to-finish product in less than 10 steps. After installing RTextTools, the initial step is to generate a document term matrix. Second, a container object is created, which holds all the objects needed for further analysis. Third, users can use up to nine algorithms to train their data. Fourth, the data are classified. Fifth, the classification is summarized. Sixth, functions are available for performance evaluation. Seventh, ensemble agreement is conducted. Eighth, users can cross-validate their data. Finally, users write their data to a spreadsheet, allowing for further manual coding if required.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Jurka", "given": "Timothy P." },
      { "family": "Collingwood", "given": "Loren" },
      { "family": "Boydstun", "given": "Amber E." },
      { "family": "Grossman", "given": "Emiliano" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "jurkaRTextToolsSupervisedLearning2013",
    "container-title": "R JOURNAL",
    "ISSN": "2073-4859",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2013", 6]] },
    "page": "6-12",
    "title": "RTextTools: A Supervised Learning Package for Text Classification",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "5"
  },
  {
    "id": "kakavandCriminalAlwaysForeigner2022",
    "abstract": "Prejudices against minorities are amplified by distorted media coverage that highlights these groups disproportionally in crime coverage. But while the specifications of alleged criminals' affiliations to minority groups-so-called minority signification-has been studied after key events and between outlets, no research has yet investigated changes over a longer time, including different key events and outlets. Using a partly automated content analysis, our research fills this gap with a case study of minority signification in Germany from 2014 to 2019. We show that first, culturally more distant nationalities are slightly overrepresented while European nationalities are underrepresented in crime news compared with German crime statistics. Second, some spikes in the data could be linked to key events but others remain unexplained. Third, the political-right newspaper mentions minority affiliations most, the tabloid second, and the political-left outlet mentions them least. Surprisingly, this pattern changes over the years.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kakavand", "given": "Azade Esther" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kakavandCriminalAlwaysForeigner2022",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022"]] },
    "page": "1169-1196",
    "title": "The Criminal is Always the Foreigner⁈ A Case Study of Minority Signification in German Crime Reporting",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "kiddleNetworkToxicityAnalysis2024",
    "abstract": "The rise of social media has corresponded with an increase in the prevalence and severity of online toxicity. While much work has gone into understanding its nature, we still lack knowledge of its emergent structural dynamics. This work presents a novel method-network toxicity analysis-for the inductive analysis of the dynamics of discursive toxicity within social media. Using an information-theoretic approach, this method estimates toxicity transfer relationships between communicating agents, yielding an effective network describing how those entities influence one another, over time, in terms of their produced discursive toxicity. This method is applied to Telegram messaging data to demonstrate its capacity to induce meaningful, interpretable toxicity networks that provide valuable insight into the social dynamics of toxicity within social media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kiddle", "given": "Rupert" },
      { "family": "Tornberg", "given": "Petter" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kiddleNetworkToxicityAnalysis2024",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s42001-023-00239-2",
    "ISSN": "2432-2717",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2024", 2, 1]] },
    "title": "Network toxicity analysis: an information-theoretic approach to studying the social dynamics of online toxicity",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "kitirattarkarnChallengingTraditionalCulture2019",
    "abstract": "Consumers across the globe increasingly engage with user-generated content about brands on social networking sites (i.e., brand-related user-generated content [Br-UGC]). As online consumer behavior does not occur in a cultural void, the present study extends earlier research by explicitly examining how the collectivism-individualism dimension, both at the national and at the personal level, influences consumers' engagement (liking, commenting on, and sharing) with different types of Br-UGC created by different sources. Results based on a diverse sample of participants from South Korea, Thailand, the Netherlands, and the United States (N=812) suggest that collectivism-individualism at the national level moderates the effects of content characteristics and social relationships on Br-UGC engagement. Moreover, consumers who hold the same values as others in their national culture are more comfortable sharing informative Br-UGC.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kitirattarkarn", "given": "Gauze P." },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Neijens", "given": "Peter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kitirattarkarnChallengingTraditionalCulture2019",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/00913367.2019.1590884",
    "ISSN": "0091-3367",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 3, 15]] },
    "page": "197-214",
    "title": "Challenging Traditional Culture? How Personal and National Collectivism-Individualism Moderates the Effects of Content Characteristics and Social Relationships on Consumer Engagement with Brand-Related User-Generated Content",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "kleinnijenhuisCombinedEffectsMass2019",
    "abstract": "Changes in political perceptions and preferences may result from the combined effects of news from various media. Estimating these combined effects requires the best possible, albeit different, measures of news obtained from self-selected mass media and social media that can be linked to panel survey data concerning perceptions and preferences. For the 2017 Dutch national elections, such data is available. Political perceptions and preferences are affected by news statements in self-selected mass media on issue positions, support and criticism, real world conditions and success and failure, in accordance with the theories on agenda setting and issue ownership, social identity, retrospective voting and bandwagon effects, respectively. Combined effects emerge because many people use both mass media and social media. The latter do more than just reinforce predispositions. Social media also have a mere exposure effect, and a multistep flow effect that amplifies news about party successes and failures from self-selected mass media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      {
        "family": "Hoof",
        "given": "Anita M. J.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kleinnijenhuisCombinedEffectsMass2019",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/joc/jqz038",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 12]] },
    "page": "650-673",
    "title": "The Combined Effects of Mass Media and Social Media on Political Perceptions and Preferences",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "69"
  },
  {
    "id": "kleinnijenhuisFinancialNewsMarket2013",
    "abstract": "Whether financial news may contribute to market panics is not an innocent question. A positive answer is easily used as a legitimation to limit the freedom of financial journalists. Long-term effects of news are moreover inconsistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), which maintains that new information gives immediately rise to a new equilibrium. The EMH is under discussion, however, as a result of the transformation of financial markets and of financial journalism due to new economic thoughts, new communication theories, high-frequency trading and high-frequency sentiment analysis. As a case study of a market panic we show the impact of US news, UK news and Dutch news on three Dutch banks during the financial crisis of 2007-9. To avoid market panics, financial journalists may strive for greater transparency, not only on asset prices and corporate philosophies, but also on network dependencies in the worldwide financial markets.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      { "family": "Schultz", "given": "Friederike" },
      { "family": "Oegema", "given": "Dirk" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kleinnijenhuisFinancialNewsMarket2013",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884912468375",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2013", 2]] },
    "page": "271-291",
    "title": "Financial news and market panics in the age of high-frequency sentiment trading algorithms",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "kleinnijenhuisImpactExplosionEU2016",
    "abstract": "The European elections in 2014 were the first to be held after a long period in which EU-related news was prominent in the media. They were held after years of daily news about the euro crisis and after months of news about the popular uprising in the Ukraine against president Yanukovych, who had refused to sign the association agreement with the EU. This could have invited political parties to overcome the usual problem of low salience of EU issues by strongly profiling themselves on EU issues. Turnout at the 2014 EU elections, however, remained low, hinting that parties were unable to convert the attention for European issues into enthusiasm for their party at the European elections. This paper asks how vote choice was influenced by party campaigning on EU related issues. A news effects analysis based on a content analysis of Dutch newspapers and television, and on a panel survey among Dutch voters revealed that EU issues functioned as wedge issues: the more strongly parties were associated in the news with the euro crisis and the Ukraine, the less they succeeded in mobilizing voters.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kleinnijenhuisImpactExplosionEU2016",
    "container-title": "POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE",
    "DOI": "10.17645/pag.v4i1.471",
    "ISSN": "2183-2463",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016"]] },
    "page": "104-115",
    "title": "The Impact of the Explosion of EU News on Voter Choice in the 2014 EU Elections",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "kleinnijenhuisPartialPrimingHow2018",
    "abstract": "Issues are not neutral. This study about the Dutch 2016 referendum on the EU-Ukraine association treaty asks which issues dominated the news media in the campaign, how the news about these issues influenced the saliency of benefits and disadvantages of the treaty, and how the latter in turn influenced turnout and the vote. A content analysis of newspapers and television news shows that trade and democracy were much more prominent in the news than EU support for Ukraine against Russia. Linking the content analysis to a long-term panel survey reveals that issue news in self-selected media influenced the saliency of benefits and disadvantages of the treaty. The latter motivated voters to cast a vote, but priming was only partial since the voters' “Yes” or “No” was primarily driven by prior dissatisfaction with the EU and the national government.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Dekkers", "given": "Vera" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kleinnijenhuisPartialPrimingHow2018",
    "container-title": "ACTA POLITICA",
    "DOI": "10.1057/s41269-018-0104-2",
    "ISSN": "0001-6810",
    "issue": "4, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 10]] },
    "page": "569-589",
    "title": "Partial priming: how issue news shapes issue saliency, which shapes turnout but not the vote",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "53"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonAccommodatingActivatingFraming2017",
    "abstract": "In the past decade, European governments have implemented activating policy reforms to maximize older workers' employment and employability, representing a paradigmatic change in approaches to work and retirement. This study isolates the factors that explain the relative success and failure of competitive frames that are either in favor of or against activating policies in European news coverage, by applying time-series analysis (ordinary least squares with panel-corrected standard errors) to monthly aggregated news coverage in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Spain over the timespan 2006-2013. The results show that pro-activating and counteractivating frames generally coincide in competitive framing environments. The pro-activating frame proliferated in times of high employment protection, whereas the counteractivating frame prevailed stronger in conservative compared with progressive newspapers, and gained momentum during the aftermath of the financial crisis and in times governments on the economic left were in power. The study advances knowledge of competitive issue framing by demonstrating how the economic, policy, and political context matters for the emergence and evolvement of competing frames. In addition, the findings contribute to the understanding of the factors that contribute to news representations that promote active aging in European news, which may foster support for policy reforms that sustain older workers' employability.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" },
      { "family": "Selm", "given": "Martine", "non-dropping-particle": "van" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonAccommodatingActivatingFraming2017",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1940161217708525",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 7]] },
    "page": "333-356",
    "title": "Between Accommodating and Activating: Framing Policy Reforms in Response to Workforce Aging across Europe",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonAdvancingAutomatedContent2023",
    "abstract": "The availability of individual-level digital trace data offers exciting new ways to study media uses and effects based on the actual content that people encountered. In this article, we argue that to really reap the benefits of this data, we need to update our methodology for automated text analysis. We review challenges for the automatic identification of theoretically relevant concepts in texts along three dimensions: format/style, language, and modality. These dimensions unveil a significantly higher level of diversity and complexity in individual-level digital trace data, as opposed to the content traditionally examined through automated text analysis in our field. Consequently, they provide a valuable perspective for exploring the limitations of traditional approaches. We argue that recent developments within the field of Natural Language Processing, in particular, transfer learning using transformer-based models, have the potential to aid the development, application, and performance of various computational tools. These tools can contribute to the meaningful categorization of the content of social (and other) media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonAdvancingAutomatedContent2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2023.2261372",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10, 6]] },
    "title": "Advancing Automated Content Analysis for a New Era of Media Effects Research: The Key Role of Transfer Learning",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonAgeWorkExplaining2017",
    "abstract": "Despite the fact that workforce aging is recognized as a key social and economic concern of developed countries, previous research has largely neglected the role of corporate and news media in the debate about this topic. Relying on a content analysis of five Dutch newspapers and the corporate media of 50 Dutch organizations (N=1328), this study traces variation in frames of older workers' employability. Results reveal that organizations in their corporate media attempt to avoid associations with problems related to older employees and highlight the solutions they offer, while news media are more inclined to problematize the issue and victimize older employees. This study elucidates our understanding of how corporate and news media communicatively deal with older workers' employability, and how key actors drive frame-formation processes in both domains.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Selm", "given": "Martine", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      {
        "family": "Hoeven",
        "given": "Claartje",
        "non-dropping-particle": "ter"
      },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonAgeWorkExplaining2017",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2015.1111162",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "9",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "1167-1186",
    "title": "Age at Work: Explaining variation in frames of older employees in corporate and news media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "18"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonBiasedMediaHow2019",
    "abstract": "Information distributed via the news media is acknowledged as a potential source of negative beliefs about, and biased behaviors toward, older workers. Focusing on the Netherlands, the current study explains age discrimination claims filed by older workers by investigating the impact of visibility and media stereotypes of older workers in the news media, while controlling for real-world events and older workers' expectations of unemployment (2004-2014). The results, based on time-series analysis, reveal that the visibility of older workers in the news media is associated with higher levels of age discrimination claims. This effect can be partly explained with the visibility of the negative media stereotype that older workers experience health problems in the content of news coverage. Furthermore, unemployment expectations decreased the number of age discrimination claims. These results offer support for the notion that the news environment is a source of variation in the experience of age discrimination at the workplace.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne Cornelia" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Van Selm", "given": "Martine" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonBiasedMediaHow2019",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGEING",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s10433-018-0465-4",
    "ISSN": "1613-9372",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 3]] },
    "page": "109-119",
    "title": "Biased media? How news content influences age discrimination claims",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonCloudedRealityNews2020",
    "abstract": "The current study explores how the cultural distance of ethnic outgroups relative to the ethnic ingroup is related to stereotypical news representations. It does so by drawing on a sample of more than three million Dutch newspaper articles and uses advanced methods of automated content analysis, namely word embeddings. The results show that distant ethnic outgroup members (i. e., Moroccans) are associated with negative characteristics and issues, while this is not the case for close ethnic outgroup members (i. e., Belgians). The current study demonstrates the usefulness of word embeddings as a tool to study subtle aspects of ethnic bias in mass-mediated content.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Jonkman", "given": "Jeroen G. F." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonCloudedRealityNews2020",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2019-2069",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11]] },
    "page": "744-764",
    "title": "Clouded reality: News representations of culturally close and distant ethnic outgroups",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "45"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonConfirmingBiasKnowing2021",
    "abstract": "This study moves beyond previous research by demonstrating how prior exposure to stereotypical content can reinforce the selection of comparable biased news content and by clarifying its intergroup and interpersonal consequences. With two experiments (N = 236, N = 270), we show that media effects and selectivity of biased media content about Arabic migrant workers are connected by automatic (i.e., implicit) stereotypes. The findings reveal that exposure to moderate doses of stereotypic news primes affects the selection of biased news via implicit stereotypes and subsequently shifts intergroup and interpersonal outcomes in the direction of the activated biased beliefs. These effects did not surface for high doses of stereotypic news primes, suggesting that individuals resist and inhibit activation processes when exposure is perceived to be too extreme. As subtle forms of bias are omnipresent in news environments and implicit stereotypes operate partly under the radar of conscious awareness, they may affect selection without individuals being aware of it. The findings imply that audiences' biased selectivity should not be seen in isolation from prior media exposure.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Mastro", "given": "Dana" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonConfirmingBiasKnowing2021",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0093650220905948",
    "ISSN": "0093-6502",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 3]] },
    "page": "180-202",
    "title": "Confirming Bias Without Knowing? Automatic Pathways Between Media Exposure and Selectivity",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonCopyPasteIndepth2013",
    "abstract": "The leading question of this study is as follows: In what way do news factors in university press releases influence the way that news sites, press agencies, and national daily newspapers use these press releases in their news production? Firstly, the results show that about 90 percent of all press releases is ignored by the news media. Secondly, selection is influenced by the intensity of the presence of news factors in the press releases. Lastly, our results indicate that news factor intensity correlates negatively with the intensity of journalistic processing of the press releases. This last finding means that press releases with a high level of news factor intensity have a higher chance to end up relatively unchanged in news productions. This means that within the topics covered in the university press releases, journalists invest their scarce time and professionalism into unique topics rather than in issues with a high news value, which may also be covered by several other news media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne" },
      { "family": "Schafraad", "given": "Pytrik" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonCopyPasteIndepth2013",
    "container-title": "TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAP",
    "ISSN": "1384-6930",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2013"]] },
    "page": "283+",
    "title": "Copy paste or in-depth journalism? A study of the relationship between news factors in university press releases and news selection and editorial processing of press releases",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "41"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonDealingAgingWorkforce2016",
    "abstract": "Although workforce aging is among the major challenges facing developed countries, organizational communication about this issue has received little scholarly attention. Drawing on a content analysis of corporate media, we reconstruct how Dutch organizations (N = 50) framed older workers' employability during the period 2006-2013 in diagnostic (problem-definitions) and prognostic (solution-definitions) terms, and we trace the influence of corporate media types and organizational characteristics on these frames. Results reveal that organizations frequently highlight problems on the macrolevel (societal) and the mesolevel (organizational), while most solutions are located on the microlevel (individual). Using multilevel modelling, we found support for the expectation that the issue is more strongly problematized in internal compared to external corporate media, and that problems related to individual older employees are most pronounced in public sector organizations' communication. Our findings highlight diverse ways in which organizations can communicatively address factors that hamper older workers' employability.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Selm", "given": "Martine", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      {
        "family": "Hoeven",
        "given": "Claartje L.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "ter"
      },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonDealingAgingWorkforce2016",
    "container-title": "EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/03601277.2016.1218685",
    "ISSN": "0360-1277",
    "issue": "12",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016"]] },
    "page": "818-834",
    "title": "Dealing with an aging workforce: Locating threats and opportunities in corporate media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "42"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonDoesInformationBias2022",
    "abstract": "People's news diets are shaped by a diverse set of selection biases that may be unconscious in nature. This study investigates whether providing individuals with information about such unconscious biases attenuates selective exposure. More specifically, in two selective-exposure experiments among Dutch ingroup members focusing on ethnic (N = 286) and religious (N = 277) minorities, we expose individuals to their unconscious prejudices as measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) before documenting their news-selection patterns. Findings indicate that the effectiveness of this awareness-inducing strategy depends upon existing levels of implicit and explicit prejudice and overly expressed acceptance of the IAT scores. This implies that raising awareness of implicit prejudice works as an effective strategy for fighting biased news selection for some, but may backfire for others, and should therefore only be implemented with caution and attention for explicit considerations.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Pronk", "given": "Thomas" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonDoesInformationBias2022",
    "container-title": "HUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/hcr/hqac004",
    "ISSN": "0360-3989",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 3, 23]] },
    "page": "346-373",
    "title": "Does Information about Bias Attenuate Selective Exposure? The Effects of Implicit Bias Feedback on the Selection of Outgroup-Rich News",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonGuiltyAssociationUsing2021",
    "abstract": "The current study provides a new level of empirical evidence for the nature of ethnic stereotypes in news content by drawing on a sample of more than 3 million Dutch news items. The study's findings demonstrate that universally accepted dimensions of stereotype content (i.e., low-status and high-threat attributes) can be replicated in news media content across a diverse set of ingroup and outgroup categories. Representations of minorities in newspapers have become progressively remote from factual integration outcomes, and are therefore rather an artifact of news production processes than a true reflection of what is actually happening in society.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Raats", "given": "Tamara" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonGuiltyAssociationUsing2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1077699020932304",
    "ISSN": "1077-6990",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 6]] },
    "page": "451-477",
    "title": "Guilty by Association: Using Word Embeddings to Measure Ethnic Stereotypes in News Coverage",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "98"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonImpededOpportunitiesContent2019",
    "abstract": "Supervisors are confronted with the challenge to support the employability of rapidly aging teams. Drawing on structuration theory, two studies construct and test a conceptual model of how structures (rules and resources) constraining supervisors' communication with older workers impede older workers' job performance and access to promotion. A set of constraining structures was qualitatively identified through in-depth interviews and subsequently quantified in a survey. The results reveal a set of constraining structures that obstruct supervisors' conversations with older workers and consequently hinder employability outcomes. If older workers are to take advantage of national and organizational policies and resources aimed at improving their employability, these constraining structures should be targeted.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." }],
    "citation-key": "kroonImpededOpportunitiesContent2019",
    "container-title": "MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0893318919846464",
    "ISSN": "0893-3189",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 8]] },
    "page": "388-418",
    "title": "Impeded Opportunities: The Content and Consequences of Structures Constraining Supervisors' Communication With Older Workers",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "33"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonPolesApartProcessing2016",
    "abstract": "This study uses the Stereotype Content Model to examine how mixed-media stereotypes about older workers affect the implicit activation and application of competence and warmth stereotypes among employees. By means of a 2x2 experiment, we show that a newspaper article portraying older workers in a stereotypical manner (i.e., high rather than low in warmth, low rather than high in competence) inhibits and evokes negative employability perceptions, resulting in a net negative effect on intentions to hire an older worker. Findings indicate that mixed-media portrayals have stronger effects on implicit stereotype activation compared to stereotype application. We propose a tailored media-based stereotype reduction strategy, whereby the negative component of older workers' stereotypes is replaced by stereotype-disconfirming information.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Selm", "given": "Martine", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      {
        "family": "Hoeven",
        "given": "Claartje L.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "ter"
      },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonPolesApartProcessing2016",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1111/jcom.12249",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 10]] },
    "page": "811-833",
    "title": "Poles Apart: The Processing and Consequences of Mixed Media Stereotypes of Older Workers",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "66"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonReliableUnproductiveStereotypes2018",
    "abstract": "Older employees face a severe employability problem, partly because of dominant stereotypes about them. This study investigates stereotypes of older employees in corporate and news media. Drawing on the Stereotype Content Model, we content analysed newspaper coverage and corporate media of 50 large-scale Dutch organisations, published between 2006 and 2013. The data revealed that stereotypical portrayals of older employees are more common in news media than in corporate media and mixed in terms of valence. Specifically, older employees were positively portrayed with regard to warmth stereotypes, such as trustworthiness, but negatively with regard to competence stereotypes, such as technological competence and adaptability. Additionally, stereotypical portrayals that do not clearly belong to warmth or competence dimensions are found, such as the mentoring role stereotype and the costly stereotype. Because competence stereotypes weigh more heavily in employers' productivity perceptions, these media portrayals might contribute to the employability problem of older employees. We suggest that older employees could benefit from a more realistic media debate about their skills and capacities.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Van Selm", "given": "Martine" },
      {
        "family": "Hoeven",
        "given": "Claartje L.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "ter"
      },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonReliableUnproductiveStereotypes2018",
    "container-title": "AGEING & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1017/S0144686X16000982",
    "ISSN": "0144-686X",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 1]] },
    "page": "166-191",
    "title": "Reliable and unproductive? Stereotypes of older employees in corporate and news media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "38"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonVictimsPerpetratorsExplaining2016",
    "abstract": "Discrimination against Roma is a reality across Europe. The extent to which stereotyped, discriminatory beliefs of this minority group are reflected or reinforced by news media has received only limited attention. This study investigates media framing of Roma and explains variation in how European news media frame Roma in diagnostic and prognostic terms. We content analysed 825 news articles from newspapers in the Netherlands, Germany, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom for the period 2010-2012. Results show that attention for Roma is clustered around key-events and differs considerably between countries. Our analyses of frame variation, based on multilevel modelling, indicate a duality in the use of frames, with Roma being both portrayed as victims and perpetrators. Variation in these portrayals could be ascribed mainly to sources and newspaper types. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors that account for problem-emphasizing portrayals of Roma in European countries.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Kluknavska", "given": "Alena" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" },
      { "family": "Boomgaarden", "given": "Hajo G." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonVictimsPerpetratorsExplaining2016",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0267323116647235",
    "ISSN": "0267-3231",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 8]] },
    "page": "375-392",
    "title": "Victims or perpetrators? Explaining media framing of Roma across Europe",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "31"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonWhoFearImplicit2023",
    "abstract": "The perceived sexual threat of ethnic outgroups has been argued to contribute to anti-immigrant attitudes within societies. The current study investigates to what extent news media might contribute to such negative outgroup perceptions by analyzing implicit sexual threat associations in Dutch news. The study draws on a sample of more than two million news articles published between 2008 and 2018 in five major Dutch newspapers. To identify implicit bias in this corpus, we use word embeddings-an advanced language modeling technique in Natural Language Processing (NLP). The results show that ethnic outgroups (i.e., nationalities that were most prominently represented among asylum applications in the Netherlands during the refugee crisis) are associated more strongly with sexual threat than ethnic ingroups. These findings proved robust across a diverse set of outgroups and ingroup nationalities and names, and point to the existence of considerable implicit bias in the coverage of ethnic minorities. Moreover, the sexual threat associated with Arabic names has grown stronger since the “refugee crisis”. Such implicit biases reflect and potentially reinforces individuals' implicit associations between ethnic minorities and sexual threat, potentially explaining growing anti-immigration attitudes, especially since the refugee crisis.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonWhoFearImplicit2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM PRACTICE",
    "DOI": "10.1080/17512786.2021.1916401",
    "ISSN": "1751-2786",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 2, 7]] },
    "page": "319-335",
    "title": "Who's to Fear? Implicit Sexual Threat Pre and Post the “Refugee Crisis”",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "17"
  },
  {
    "id": "kroonWhoTakesLead2021",
    "abstract": "This study introduces the element of time to investigate the causal relation between organizational and news media agendas. Reciprocal time-series analyses were applied to daily-level aggregated press releases (n = 17,221) and news articles (n = 74,067). Results indicate that on the first level of agenda building, organizational and news agendas are intertwined in an intimate relation of reciprocal influence, in which organizations more often take the lead. Conversely, results suggest that on the second level of agenda building, organizational and news agendas influence each other less often. Organizational and newspaper characteristics proved useful to map the contingency of agenda-building effects. The findings suggest that organizational sources are more influential in the news discovery phase compared with the news-gathering phase, and imply that the unidirectional conceptualization of news media as a channel to vent organizational messages is too narrow.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kroonWhoTakesLead2021",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0093650217751733",
    "ISSN": "0093-6502",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 2]] },
    "page": "51-76",
    "title": "Who Takes the Lead? Investigating the Reciprocal Relationship Between Organizational and News Agendas",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "kruikemeierTarGettingYou2022",
    "abstract": "This study examines how mainstream political actors and other organizations use political targeted messages. For this purpose, a data set from ProPublica is used. The study examines 55,918 sponsored Facebook ads that were posted by 236 political actors (i.e., political elites and other organizations) in the United States. (1) Topic classification was used to identify policy issues, (2) network analysis to identify the main policy issues from the various political actors, and (3) Sankey diagrams to visualize microtargeted messages. Our findings indicate that actors focus on traditionally owned issues (i.e., the Democratic Party: environmental policy, social issues, and social welfare; the Republican Party: foreign affairs, law, and government finances). No clear evidence for a focus on wedge issues can be found, however, some first indications (e.g., a focus on reproductive rights, LGBTQ+) are present in a targeted media environment. All in all, the current study helps us to understand in what way political actors deploy targeted messages.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" },
      { "family": "Metoui", "given": "Nadia" },
      { "family": "Dobber", "given": "Tom" },
      { "family": "Zarouali", "given": "Brahim" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "kruikemeierTarGettingYou2022",
    "container-title": "BIG DATA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/20539517221089626",
    "ISSN": "2053-9517",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 7]] },
    "title": "(Tar)getting you: The use of online political targeted messages on Facebook",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "langerPoliticalAgendaSetting2021",
    "abstract": "This article examines the roles of the media in the process of political agenda setting. There is a long tradition of studies on this topic, but they have mostly focused on legacy news media, thus overlooking the role of other actors and the complex hybrid dynamics that characterize contemporary political communication. In contrast, through an in-depth case study using mixed-methods and multiplatform data, this article provides a detailed analysis of the roles and interactions between different types of media and how they were used by political and advocacy elites. It explores what happened in the different parts of the system, and thus the paths to attention that led to setting this issue in the political and media agendas. The analysis of the case, a partial policy reversal in the United Kingdom provoked by an immigration scandal known as the “Windrush scandal” reveals that the issue was pushed into the agenda by a campaign assemblage of investigative journalism, political and advocacy elites, and digitally enabled leaders. The legacy news media came late but were crucial. They greatlyamplifiedthe salience of the issue and, once in “storm mode,” they were key forsustainingattention and pressure, eventually compelling the government to respond. It shows that they often remain at the core of the “national conversation” and certainly in the eye of a media storm. In the contemporary context, characterized by fierce battles for attention, shortening attention spans and fractured audiences, this is key and has important implications for agenda setting and beyond.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Langer", "given": "Ana Ines" },
      { "family": "Gruber", "given": "Johannes B." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "langerPoliticalAgendaSetting2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1940161220925023",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 4]] },
    "page": "313-340",
    "title": "Political Agenda Setting in the Hybrid Media System: Why Legacy Media Still Matter a Great Deal",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "laurerLessAnnotatingMore2023",
    "abstract": "Supervised machine learning is an increasingly popular tool for analyzing large political text corpora. The main disadvantage of supervised machine learning is the need for thousands of manually annotated training data points. This issue is particularly important in the social sciences where most new research questions require new training data for a new task tailored to the specific research question. This paper analyses how deep transfer learning can help address this challenge by accumulating “prior knowledge” in language models. Models like BERT can learn statistical language patterns through pre-training (”language knowledge”), and reliance on task-specific data can be reduced by training on universal tasks like natural language inference (NLI; “task knowledge”). We demonstrate the benefits of transfer learning on a wide range of eight tasks. Across these eight tasks, our BERT-NLI model fine-tuned on 100 to 2,500 texts performs on average 10.7 to 18.3 percentage points better than classical models without transfer learning. Our study indicates that BERT-NLI fine-tuned on 500 texts achieves similar performance as classical models trained on around 5,000 texts. Moreover, we show that transfer learning works particularly well on imbalanced data. We conclude by discussing limitations of transfer learning and by outlining new opportunities for political science research.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Laurer", "given": "Moritz" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "laurerLessAnnotatingMore2023",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL ANALYSIS",
    "DOI": "10.1017/pan.2023.20",
    "ISSN": "1047-1987",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 6, 9]] },
    "title": "Less Annotating, More Classifying: Addressing the Data Scarcity Issue of Supervised Machine Learning with Deep Transfer Learning and BERT-NLI",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "leydesdorffSemanticMappingWords2011",
    "abstract": "Meaning can be generated when information is related at a systemic level. Such a system can be an observer, but also a discourse, for example, operationalized as a set of documents. The measurement of semantics as similarity in patterns (correlations) and latent variables (factor analysis) has been enhanced by computer techniques and the use of statistics; for example, in “latent semantic analysis”. This communication provides an introduction, an example, pointers to relevant software, and summarizes the choices that can be made by the analyst. Visualization (”semantic mapping”) is thus made more accessible. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Leydesdorff", "given": "Loet" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "leydesdorffSemanticMappingWords2011",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.joi.2011.01.008",
    "ISSN": "1751-1577",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2011", 7]] },
    "page": "469-475",
    "title": "The semantic mapping of words and co-words in contexts",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "5"
  },
  {
    "id": "lockVisualizingTripleBottom2020",
    "abstract": "With the “visual turn” online, images have become increasingly important for companies to attract stakeholders to their online CSR communication. To investigate in how far businesses' visual sustainability language reflects a balanced triple bottom line, this study compared the most profitable European corporations' websites images (N= 21,841) and visual Twitter posts (N= 3,637) through automated content analysis using computer vision algorithms. The findings of this big data-analysis reveal that European companies overemphasize the financial bottom line on both owned and shared media. The channel matters as firms are more likely to communicate people-, planet-, and profit-related images via social media than their website. Corporations from environmentally sensitive industries tend to highlight the social dimension, though this is where they impact less, and do so more often through their website. Thus, this study confirms the criticism that the business case is dominant in CSR strategies also for visual communication.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Lock", "given": "Irina" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "lockVisualizingTripleBottom2020",
    "container-title": "CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT",
    "DOI": "10.1002/csr.1988",
    "ISSN": "1535-3958",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11]] },
    "page": "2631-2641",
    "title": "Visualizing the triple bottom line: A large-scale automated visual content analysis of European corporations' website and social media images",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "27"
  },
  {
    "id": "loecherbachUnifiedFrameworkMedia2020",
    "abstract": "How to study media diversity has become a major concern in today's media landscape. Many expect that algorithmic filtering and a shift of audiences from legacy media to new intermediaries decrease the diversity of news diets, leading to fragmented societies, polarization and spread of misinformation. Different fields, from journalism research to law and computer science, are involved in the study of media diversity. They operate, however, with vastly different vocabularies, frameworks, and measurements. To overcome this fragmentation, this study provides an extensive overview of conceptualizations and operationalizations of media diversity in different fields using a systematic literature review (1999-2018). This showed a lack of theorizing and linking of conceptual with empirical work in media diversity research. Based on this, we develop a framework on how to move forward: Regarding conceptualization, we call for focusing on different places in the journalistic information chain instead of the classical exposure-supply distinction. Methodologically, automated approaches (e.g., analyzing digital traces) and qualitative approaches (e.g., capturing perceptions of diversity) should receive more attention. For analysis, matters of balance and disparity need to be stressed more, especially discussing possible limits to diversity. Overall, research into media diversity thus needs to be addressed in interdisciplinary collaboration.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Loecherbach", "given": "Felicia" },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "loecherbachUnifiedFrameworkMedia2020",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2020.1764374",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 5, 27]] },
    "page": "605-642",
    "title": "The Unified Framework of Media Diversity: A Systematic Literature Review",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "loyPsychologicalPredictorsPolitical2019",
    "abstract": "In the era of the Internet, political communication becomes increasingly complex due to an abundance of available information. Moreover, many people evaluate politics as complex in a globalized world. The present study examined whether the perceived complexity of political issues would be related to individuals' political Internet use and political knowledge. Further, we investigated the associations of three key psychological concepts with political Internet use and political knowledge acquisition in light of the potential perceived complexity of political issues: time affluence, informational self-efficacy, and need for cognition (NfC). Findings are based on a national online survey of 1082 German Internet users. The degree of perceived complexity was weakly associated with political knowledge but was not related to political Internet use. Political Internet use, time affluence, and NfC were positively related to political knowledge, and informational self-efficacy predicted political knowledge through an increase in political Internet use. The perceived complexity of politics did not moderate the relation between these psychological concepts and political Internet use. We discuss theoretical and practical implications and future research directions.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Loy", "given": "Laura S." },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Schmitt", "given": "Josephine B." },
      { "family": "Mothes", "given": "Cornelia" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "loyPsychologicalPredictorsPolitical2019",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2018.1450886",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "12",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "1733-1750",
    "title": "Psychological predictors of political Internet use and political knowledge in light of the perceived complexity of political issues",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "majo-vazquezBackboneStructureAudience2019",
    "abstract": "Measures of audience overlap between news sources give us information on the diversity of people's media diets and the similarity of news outlets in terms of the audiences they share. This provides a way of addressing key questions like whether audiences are increasingly fragmented. In this article, we use audience overlap estimates to build networks that we then analyze to extract the backbone-that is, the overlapping ties that are statistically significant. We argue that the analysis of this backbone structure offers metrics that can be used to compare news consumption patterns across countries, between groups, and over time. Our analytical approach offers a new way of understanding audience structures that can enable more comparative research and, thus, more empirically grounded theoretical understandings of audience behavior in an increasingly digital media environment.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "Rasmus K." },
      { "family": "Gonzalez-Bailon", "given": "Sandra" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "majo-vazquezBackboneStructureAudience2019",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10584609.2018.1546244",
    "ISSN": "1058-4609",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 4, 3]] },
    "page": "227-240",
    "title": "The Backbone Structure of Audience Networks: A New Approach to Comparing Online News Consumption Across Countries",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "36"
  },
  {
    "id": "majo-vazquezDigitalNewsConsumption2017",
    "abstract": "We analyze patterns of digital news consumption before and after a “link tax” was introduced in Spain. This new legislation imposed a copyright fee for showing snippets of content created by newspapers and resulted in the shutdown of Google News Spain. The Spanish copyright law is a precedent to the Copyright Directive currently submitted to the European Parliament, which is planning to impose a similar “link tax.” We offer empirical evidence that can help evaluate the impact of that sort of intervention. We analyze data tracking news consumption behavior to assess changes in audience reach and audience fragmentation. We show that the law has no discernible impact on reach, but we identify an increase in the fragmentation of news consumption.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Cardenal", "given": "Ana S." },
      { "family": "Gonzalez-Bailon", "given": "Sandra" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "majo-vazquezDigitalNewsConsumption2017",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1111/jcc4.12196",
    "ISSN": "1083-6101",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 9]] },
    "page": "284-301",
    "title": "Digital News Consumption and Copyright Intervention: Evidence from Spain Before and After the 2015 “Link Tax”",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "majo-vazquezHateSpeechPolarization2023",
    "author": [{ "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" }],
    "citation-key": "majo-vazquezHateSpeechPolarization2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/19401612231172318",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10]] },
    "page": "1059-1062",
    "title": "Hate Speech and Polarization in Participatory Society",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "28"
  },
  {
    "id": "majo-vazquezMediaRolesOnline2020",
    "abstract": "This article empirically tests the role of legacy and digital-born news media, mapping the patterns of audience navigation across news sources and the relationship between news providers. We borrow tools from network science to bring evidence that suggest legacy news media retain control of the most central positions in the online news domain. Great progress has been made in discussing theoretically the impact of the Internet on the news media ecology. Less research attention, however, has been given to empirically testing changes in the role of legacy media and the rising prominence of digital-born outlets. To fill this gap, in this study we use the hyperlink-induced topic search algorithm, which identifies authorities by means of a hyperlink network, to show that legacy media are still the most authoritative sources in the media ecology. To further substantiate their dominant role, we also examine the structural position of news providers in the audience network. We gather navigation data from a panel of 30,000 people and use it to reproduce the network of patterns of news consumption. While legacy news media retain control of the brokerage positions for the general population, our analysis-focused on patterns of young news consumers-reveals that new digital outlets also occupy relevant positions to control the audience flow. The results of this study have substantive implications for our understanding of news organizations' roles and how they attain authority in the digital age.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Cardenal", "given": "Ana S." },
      { "family": "Sagarra", "given": "Oleguer" },
      { "family": "Colomer de Simon", "given": "Pol" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "majo-vazquezMediaRolesOnline2020",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v8i2.2741",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "98-111",
    "title": "Media Roles in the Online News Domain: Authorities and Emergent Audience Brokers",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "majo-vazquezNetworkAnalysisOnline2015",
    "abstract": "By constructing the network of media audience, this study sheds light on the predominant modes of exposure to online political information in Spain. Novelty data from a panel of thirty thousand individuals is used for the research. The preliminary results bring evidences for reviewing the line of reasoning that advocates for the prevailing fragmentation of the public sphere. More notably, the results contribute to proving that a substantial level of audience concentration still remains in the web. The highest levels of audience overlapping are found in those media outlets that are driving the media agenda in the offline sphere. Therefore the study proffers evidence that the structure of the online public sphere might guarantee the necessary shared informational experiences for a deliberative democracy. The implications of the current networked audience behaviour for the study of the agenda setting process are discussed along with the chances for a shared public agenda in Spanish society. Observational methods and content analysis have been used in the study of the agenda setting process so far. However, the current communication environment characterized by unlimited, decentralized and abundant sources of political information prompts the application of new analytical approaches. Networks are at the heart of online communication and network science allows for analyzing its structure. It provides the affordances to map and study audience aggregated behaviour when searching for political information. In doing in so, it also unveils the mechanisms that might still guarantee a public agenda in the digital age.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" }],
    "citation-key": "majo-vazquezNetworkAnalysisOnline2015",
    "container-title": "IDP-INTERNET LAW AND POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.7238/idp.v0i20.2599",
    "ISSN": "1699-8154",
    "issue": "20",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2015", 6]] },
    "title": "A Network Analysis of Online Audience Behaviour: Towards a Better Comprehension of the Agenda Setting Process",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "majo-vazquezRoleSuspendedAccounts2021",
    "abstract": "Content moderation on social media is at the center of public and academic debate. In this study, we advance our understanding on which type of election-related content gets suspended by social media platforms. For this, we assess the behavior and content shared by suspended accounts during the most important elections in Europe in 2017 (in France, the United Kingdom, and Germany). We identify significant differences when we compare the behavior and content shared by Twitter suspended accounts with all other active accounts, including a focus on amplifying divisive issues like immigration and religion and systematic activities increasing the visibility of specific political figures (often but not always on the right). Our analysis suggests that suspended accounts were overwhelmingly human operated and no more likely than other accounts to share “fake news.” This study sheds light on the moderation policies of social media platforms, which have increasingly raised contentious debates, and equally importantly on the integrity and dynamics of political discussion on social media during major political events.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Congosto", "given": "Mariluz" },
      { "family": "Nicholls", "given": "Tom" },
      { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "Rasmus Kleis" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "majo-vazquezRoleSuspendedAccounts2021",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/20563051211027202",
    "ISSN": "2056-3051",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 7]] },
    "title": "The Role of Suspended Accounts in Political Discussion on Social Media: Analysis of the 2017 French, UK and German Elections",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "malikDoesRegionalVariation2021",
    "abstract": "While there is substantial research on COVID-19's general framing in the news, little is known about the antecedents and moderators of using moral language in communicating the disease to audiences. In this study, we rely on the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars to explore how news media's attention on COVID-19 and moralizing language in COVID-19 news vary with respect to ultimate (historical pathogen prevalence) and proximate (spread of COVID-19) socio-psychological factors. Specifically, we analyzed 1,024,800 news headlines from 28 countries published throughout 2020 and applied automated content analysis for moral language extraction. Our results provide support for increased media attention and higher levels of moralizing language in COVID-19 news for regions with high historical pathogen prevalence and COVID-19 spread. We discuss the theoretical impact of these findings in view of the socio-psychological relevance of moralizing language for disease-related news and point towards future research directions.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Malik", "given": "Musa" },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Chen", "given": "Yibei" },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "malikDoesRegionalVariation2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0261927X211044194",
    "ISSN": "0261-927X",
    "issue": "5-6, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 10]] },
    "page": "653-676",
    "title": "Does Regional Variation in Pathogen Prevalence Predict the Moralization of Language in COVID-19 News?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurBehavioralContagionSocial2021",
    "abstract": "Social norms are powerful determinants of human behaviors in offline and online social worlds. While previous research established a correlational link between norm perceptions and self-reported disclosure on social network sites (SNS), questions remain about downstream effects of prevalent behaviors on perceived norms and actual disclosure on SNS. We conducted two preregistered studies using a realistic social media simulation. We further analyzed buffering effects of critical media literacy and privacy nudging. The results demonstrate a disclosure behavior contagion, whereby a critical mass of posts with visual disclosures shifted norm perceptions, which, in turn, affected perceivers' own visual disclosure behavior. Critical media literacy was negatively related and moderated the effect of norms on visual disclosure behavioral intentions. Neither critical media literacy nor privacy nudge affected actual disclosure behaviors, however. These results provide insights into how behaviors may spread on SNS through triggering changes in perceived social norms and subsequent disclosure behaviors.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "DiFranzo", "given": "Dominic" },
      { "family": "Bazarova", "given": "Natalie N." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "masurBehavioralContagionSocial2021",
    "container-title": "PLOS ONE",
    "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0254670",
    "ISSN": "1932-6203",
    "issue": "7",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 7, 19]] },
    "title": "Behavioral contagion on social media: Effects of social norms, design interventions, and critical media literacy on self-disclosure",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurDevelopmentValidationOnline2017",
    "abstract": "Online privacy literacy has been regarded as an important antecedent of online privacy behavior. However, a scale measuring literacy is missing. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive scale to measure online privacy literacy. Relevant dimensions of the concept were identified in a prior study using a qualitative content analysis (Trepte et at., 2015). Based on these findings, an initial item pool with 113 knowledge questions was used to develop a 20 -item scale, including four dimensions, that is, knowledge about (a) institutional practices, (b) technical aspects of data protection, (c) the data protection law, and (d) data protection strategies. The results from three consecutive studies suggest a bifactor structure, in which online privacy literacy is represented by the global factor. We tested the construct and criterion validity in a quota sample of German Internet users (N = 1 945): The global factor correlated positively with subjective privacy literacy and proved to be an adequate predictor of the implementation of data protection measures.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Teutsch", "given": "Doris" },
      { "family": "Trepte", "given": "Sabine" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "masurDevelopmentValidationOnline2017",
    "container-title": "DIAGNOSTICA",
    "DOI": "10.1026/0012-1924/a000179",
    "ISSN": "0012-1924",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "256-268",
    "title": "Development and Validation of the Online Privacy Literacy Scale (OPLIS)",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "63"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurDisclosureManagementSocial2016",
    "abstract": "The social web and specifically social network sites (SNS) have offered new opportunities for interaction and communication, but have also increased the risk of privacy violations. In this study, we investigated how far users imply different disclosure management strategies in status updates and chat conversations. We hypothesized that users perceive specific information as differently private depending on their personal privacy preference, but generally show the same disclosure management pattern: the higher the perceived privacy level of an information, the less frequently it will be shared. We tested the hypothesis using an online survey with 316 German SNS users. The findings suggest that respondents engaged in disclosure management taking both communication channel and type of information into account. We further found that trust toward SNS contacts and use of privacy settings significantly influenced disclosure management in one-to-many (status updates) but not in one-to-one communications situations (chat conversations). The results complement existing research by showing the pivotal role of individual privacy perceptions in explaining users' privacy management in the social web.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Scharkow", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "masurDisclosureManagementSocial2016",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/2056305116634368",
    "ISSN": "2056-3051",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 3]] },
    "title": "Disclosure Management on Social Network Sites: Individual Privacy Perceptions and User-Directed Privacy Strategies",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "2"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurHowOnlinePrivacy2020",
    "abstract": "Current debates on online privacy are rooted in liberal theory. Accordingly, privacy is often regarded as a form of freedom from social, economic, and institutional influences. Such a negative perspective on privacy, however, focuses too much on how individuals can be protected or can protect themselves, instead of challenging the necessity of protection itself. In this article, I argue that increasing online privacy literacy not only empowers individuals to achieve (a necessarily limited) form of negative privacy, but has the potential to facilitate a privacy deliberation process in which individuals become agents of social change that could lead to conditions of positive privacy and informational self-determination. To this end, I propose a four-dimensional model of online privacy literacy that encompasses factual privacy knowledge, privacy-related reflection abilities, privacy and data protection skills, and critical privacy literacy. I then outline how this combination of knowledge, abilities, and skills 1) enables to individuals to protect themselves against some horizontal and vertical privacy intrusions and 2) motivates individuals to critically challenge the social structures and power relations that necessitate the need for protection in the first place. Understanding these processes, as well as critically engaging with the normative premises and implications of the predominant negative concepts of privacy, offers a more nuanced direction for future research on online privacy literacy and privacy in general.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." }],
    "citation-key": "masurHowOnlinePrivacy2020",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v8i2.2855",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "258-269",
    "title": "How Online Privacy Literacy Supports Self-Data Protection and Self-Determination in the Age of Information",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurImpactWhatOthers2023",
    "abstract": "There are many factors that account for disclosure of private information on social network sites, but a potentially powerful determinant that remains understudied is social norms, which refer to perceptions of what other people do, approve of, and expect us to do on social media. To address this gap, we conducted an in-depth analysis of descriptive, injunctive, and subjective norms for verbal and visual disclosure on Facebook and Instagram, using a preregistered survey study with 863 participants. We further analyzed whether critical media literacy and media-related self-reflection could buffer against uncritical adoption of these norms. The findings revealed that all three types of norms positively and independently predicted self-disclosure, regardless of the platform or type of self-disclosure (visual vs. verbal), while controlling for other common predictors of self-disclosure, including perceived benefits and risks of self-disclosure. Self-reflection and critical media literacy neither directly predicted disclosure, nor accounted for differences in norm-behavior relationships.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Bazarova", "given": "Natalya N." },
      { "family": "DiFranzo", "given": "Dominic" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "masurImpactWhatOthers2023",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/20563051231156401",
    "ISSN": "2056-3051",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1]] },
    "title": "The Impact of What Others Do, Approve Of, and Expect You to Do: An In-Depth Analysis of Social Norms and Self-Disclosure on Social Media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurInterplayIntrinsicNeed2014",
    "abstract": "The present paper aims at exploring the new phenomenon of social network site (SNS) addiction and at identifying predictors of problematic SNS use. For this purpose, a scale measuring addictive behavior specifically with regard to SNS use was developed. The effects of intrinsic need satisfaction in the offline context and of SNS-specific motives on SNS addiction were tested in an online-survey among 581 SNS users in Germany. It was hypothesized that motives mediate the influence of thwarted intrinsic need satisfaction on addictive behavior on SNSs. More precisely, we assumed that a lack of autonomy leads to a higher motivation to use SNSs for self-presentation and escapism, a lack of competence predicts the motive to use SNSs for acquiring information and self-presentation, and a lack of relatedness fosters users' motives to use SNSs for self-presentation and meeting new people. These motives, in turn, were predicted to be associated with higher levels of SNS addiction. All proposed mediation models were supported by the data. The results emphasize the importance of incorporating both offline need satisfaction and gratifications sought through the use of SNS to provide a comprehensive perspective on addictive behavior on SNSs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Reinecke", "given": "Leonard" },
      { "family": "Ziegele", "given": "Marc" },
      { "family": "Quiring", "given": "Oliver" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "masurInterplayIntrinsicNeed2014",
    "container-title": "COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2014.05.047",
    "ISSN": "0747-5632",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 10]] },
    "page": "376-386",
    "title": "The interplay of intrinsic need satisfaction and Facebook specific motives in explaining addictive behavior on Facebook",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "39"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurTransformativeNotHow2021",
    "abstract": "Previous research has shown that people seldom experience privacy violations while using the Internet, such as unwanted and unknown sharing of personal information, credit card fraud, or identity theft. With this study, we ask whether individuals' online privacy concerns increase and online information disclosure decreases if they experience such a worst-case scenario. Using representative data from a five-wave panel study (n = 745), we found that people who generally experience more privacy violations also have stronger privacy concerns (between persondifferences). However, people who experienced more privacy violations than usual in the last 6 months were only slightly more concerned afterward and did not change their disclosure behavior afterward (within-person effects). The need for privacy moderated these processes. We untangle under which circumstances such experiences may be transformative, and discuss practical and conceptual consequences of how experiences translate into concerns, but not necessarily behaviors.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Trepte", "given": "Sabine" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "masurTransformativeNotHow2021",
    "container-title": "HUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/hcr/hqaa012",
    "ISSN": "0360-3989",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 1]] },
    "page": "49-74",
    "title": "Transformative or Not? How Privacy Violation Experiences Influence Online Privacy Concerns and Online Information Disclosure",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "47"
  },
  {
    "id": "masurUnderstandingEffectsConceptual2023",
    "abstract": "The privacy paradox suggests that privacy concerns do not relate to privacy-related behavior. Although it has inspired numerous studies, findings remain inconclusive. Some of the inconsistencies in published findings may be explained by a strong heterogeneity in the conceptual and analytical choices that researchers implement when investigating the privacy paradox. Based on representative survey data of the 27 EU member states (2011: n = 8,962; 2015: n = 10,526; 2019: n = 11,428), I investigated the effect of conceptual and analytical decisions on `finding' the privacy paradox. Specification curve analyses revealed that the magnitude and statistical significance of the relationship between privacy concerns and information disclosure is contingent on the operationalization of the independent variable, the inclusion of covariates, and the age of the studied population. The relationship between online privacy concerns and using social media privacy settings, in contrast, was less influenced by analytical decisions. Yet, the relationship was stronger in younger people and increased over time. The findings call for more transparency in analyzing research data. Evaluating the implications of analytical choices will help to establish best practices and advance cumulative knowledge creation in privacy research.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." }],
    "citation-key": "masurUnderstandingEffectsConceptual2023",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2021.1963460",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 2, 17]] },
    "page": "584-602",
    "title": "Understanding the effects of conceptual and analytical choices on `finding' the privacy paradox: A specification curve analysis of large-scale survey data",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "matej-lukowiczCanBottomSediments2021",
    "abstract": "Every year, huge amounts of bottom sediments are extracted worldwide, which need to be disposed. The recycling of bottom sediments for soil fertilization is in line with the long-promoted circular economy policy and enables the use of micro and macronutrients accumulated in sediments for soil fertilization. When considering potential agricultural reuse of the dredge sediments, the first necessary step should be to analyze whether the heavy metal content meets the obligatory criteria. Then, the contents of valuable elements required for plant growth and their ratios should be assessed. In this study, the content of nitrogen, organic carbon, phosphorus, and potassium was tested and iron, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium were also analyzed along vertical profiles of sediments extracted from four urban retention tanks in Gdansk (Poland). The sediments were indicated to have a low content of nutrients (Ntot 0.01-0.52%, Corg 0.1-8.4%, P2O5 0.00-0.65%, K 0.0-1.0%), while being quite rich in Fe and S (0.2-3.3%, 0.0-2.5%, respectively). The C/N ratio changed in the range of 17.4-28.4, which proved good nitrogen availability for plants. The mean values of the Fe/P ratio were above 2.0, which confirms that phosphorus in the sediments would be available to the plants in the form of iron phosphate. To summarize, the bottom sediments from municipal retention reservoirs are not a perfect material for soil fertilization, but they are a free waste material which, when enriched with little cost, can be a good fertilizer. Future research should focus on cultivation experiments with the use of sediments enriched with N, P, Corg.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Matej-Lukowicz", "given": "Karolina" },
      { "family": "Wojciechowska", "given": "Ewa" },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Szubska", "given": "Marta" },
      { "family": "Kulinski", "given": "Karol" },
      { "family": "Beldowski", "given": "Jacek" },
      { "family": "Winogradow", "given": "Aleksandra" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "matej-lukowiczCanBottomSediments2021",
    "container-title": "MATERIALS",
    "DOI": "10.3390/ma14247685",
    "issue": "24",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 12]] },
    "title": "Can Bottom Sediments Be a Prospective Fertilizing Material? A Chemical Composition Analysis for Potential Reuse in Agriculture",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "mattisNudgingNewsDiversity2022",
    "abstract": "Growing concern about the democratic impact of automatically curated news platforms urges us to reconsider how such platforms should be designed. We propose a theoretical framework for personalised diversity nudges that can stimulate diverse news consumption on the individual level. To examine potential benefits and limitations of existing diversity nudges, we conduct an interdisciplinary literature review that synthesises theoretical work on news selection mechanisms with hands-on tools and implementations from the fields of computer science and recommender systems. Based thereupon, we propose five diversity nudges that researchers and practitioners can build on. We provide a theoretical motivation of why, when and for whom such nudges could be effective, critically reflect on their potential backfire effects and the need for algorithmic transparency, and sketch out a research agenda for diversity-aware news recommender design. Thereby, we develop concrete, theoretically grounded avenues towards facilitating diverse news consumption on algorithmically curated platforms.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Mattis", "given": "Nicolas" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp" },
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "Judith" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mattisNudgingNewsDiversity2022",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/14614448221104413",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 6, 29]] },
    "title": "Nudging towards news diversity: A theoretical framework for facilitating diverse news consumption through recommender design",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "meijersPeopleVolkBurger2023",
    "abstract": "Populists believe in the sovereignty of the people. Yet, the people can be construed in ethnic terms or in civic terms. Using a novel wording experiment in Germany (N = 7,034), we examine whether ethnic or civic conceptions of `the people' affect respondents' adherence to key populist attitude items. `Volk' in German has an ethno-nationalist connotation and has been used throughout history to signify `ethnic Germans'. The concept `Burger', or citizens, by contrast, lacks an ethnic undercurrent. Similar ethnic connotations of `the people' are also common in other languages. We find that there are statistically significant differences between items framed in an ethnic and a civic manner - and that this differs per item. This relationship is significantly moderated by respondents' degree of exclusive national identity and voting behaviour for the radical right. Our findings suggest that the way in which the people is conceptualized has important implications for the measurement of populist attitudes. When populist attitudes are measured with an ethnic understanding of the `the people', the construct is biased towards right-wing populism, inhibiting the measurement of populism as a `thin ideology'. Moreover, we demonstrate the importance of careful translations in comparative research, since some translated synonyms carry different semantic meanings and thereby change the concept under investigation.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Meijers", "given": "Maurits J." },
      {
        "family": "Velden",
        "given": "Mariken A. C. G.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "meijersPeopleVolkBurger2023",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1111/1475-6765.12578",
    "ISSN": "0304-4130",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 11]] },
    "page": "1403-1413",
    "title": "The people as `<i>Volk</i>' or `<i>Burger</i>'? The implications of ethnic and civic conceptions of the people for the measurement of populist attitudes",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "62"
  },
  {
    "id": "meppelinkReliableNotAutomated2021",
    "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the applicability of supervised machine learning (SML) to classify health-related webpages as `reliable' or `unreliable' in an automated way. Methods: We collected the textual content of 468 different Dutch webpages about early childhood vaccination. Webpages were manually coded as `reliable' or `unreliable' based on their alignment with evidence-based vaccination guidelines. Four SML models were trained on part of the data, whereas the remaining data was used for model testing. Results: All models appeared to be successful in the automated identification of unreliable (F1 scores: 0.54-0.86) and reliable information (F1 scores: 0.82-0.91). Typical words for unreliable information are `dr', `immune system', and `vaccine damage', whereas `measles', `child', and `immunization rate', were frequent in reliable information. Our best performing model was also successful in terms of out-of -sample prediction, tested on a dataset about HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Automated classification of online content in terms of reliability, using basic classifiers, performs well and is particularly useful to identify reliable information. Practice implications: The classifiers can be used as a starting point to develop more complex classifiers, but also warning tools which can help people evaluate the content they encounter online. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Meppelink", "given": "Corine S." },
      { "family": "Hendriks", "given": "Hanneke" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      {
        "family": "Weert",
        "given": "Julia C. M.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Shao", "given": "Anqi" },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Eline S." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "meppelinkReliableNotAutomated2021",
    "container-title": "PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pec.2020.11.013",
    "ISSN": "0738-3991",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 6]] },
    "page": "1460-1466",
    "title": "Reliable or not? An automated classification of webpages about early childhood vaccination using supervised machine learning",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "104"
  },
  {
    "id": "mertenNewsWonFind2022",
    "abstract": "The rise of news content on social media has been accompanied by a hope that people with lower socioeconomic status and less interest in political affairs would be “accidentally” exposed to news. By combining tracking and survey data from a Dutch online panel (N = 413), we analyze how political interest, income, and education influence social media news exposure and consumption. Higher levels of political interest are associated with higher amounts of news exposure on Facebook and more news items consumed via social media. Users engage less often in news-related follow-up behavior after consuming news items via social media than after consuming news items referred via news websites. If social media news use seems to occur particularly for those who are already interested in current affairs and makes follow-up consumption less likely, the specificities of the social media ecosystems might accelerate rather than level inequalities in news use.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Merten", "given": "Lisa" },
      { "family": "Metoui", "given": "Nadia" },
      { "family": "Makhortykh", "given": "Mykola" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mertenNewsWonFind2022",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022"]] },
    "page": "1127-1147",
    "title": "News Won't Find Me? Exploring Inequalities in Social Media News Use With Tracking Data",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "moellerDifferentialRoleMedia2013",
    "abstract": "Declining political involvement of adolescents in western society has caused widespread concerns about the health of democracy in the future. This study investigates the role of the media in the formation of political attitudes and political mobilization of adolescents. Based on a secondary data analysis of the European Social Survey (N = 5657), the influence of exposure to news and entertainment content on political trust, signing petitions and consumer politics is assessed in a multi-level regression analysis. Additionally, the impact of the political and educational system on political attitude formation and civic engagement of adolescents is investigated. The results show a higher level of engagement in countries with a well-functioning democracy. At the individual level, news media exposure is positively related to engagement in consumer politics, whereas exposure to entertainment is negatively related to mobilization.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "moellerDifferentialRoleMedia2013",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0267323113482447",
    "ISSN": "0267-3231",
    "issue": "3, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2013", 6]] },
    "page": "309-325",
    "title": "The differential role of the media as an agent of political socialization in Europe",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "28"
  },
  {
    "id": "moellerInternetUsePolitical2018",
    "abstract": "This study analyzes reinforcing spirals between online media usage and political interest among adolescents. By applying a two-dimensional conceptualization of online media usage that distinguishes between content and interactivity characteristics, the study focuses on the mechanisms and processes stimulating the long-term development of political interest during adolescence. Findings from a unique, six-wave panel study conducted in Sweden over a period of 5 years suggest that reinforcing spirals are driven primarily by non-interactive political information usages of online media. These results contribute to a better understanding of the factors leading to the development of political interest during a crucial life phase, as well as the growing body of literature that theorize media and selection effects as part of reinforcing processes during adolescence.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Shehata", "given": "Adam" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "moellerInternetUsePolitical2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/joc/jqy062",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 12]] },
    "page": "1052-1078",
    "title": "Internet Use and Political Interest: Growth Curves, Reinforcing Spirals, and Causal Effects During Adolescence",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "68"
  },
  {
    "id": "moellerMobilizingYouth21st2018",
    "abstract": "Youth turnout at European Parliamentary elections has been dwindling. This study investigates the impact of news media exposure on electoral participation of first time voters. Relying on a data set that combines content analysis of news stories about the EU (N=769) and a multiple wave panel survey (N=994), we analyze the impact of exposure to online and offline coverage of relevant topics on turn out across a period of 6 months. We find that exposure to news in offline media had no significant effect on participation, whereas exposure to relevant news in online media positively affected turnout.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Kuehne", "given": "Rinaldo" },
      { "family": "De Vreese", "given": "Claes" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "moellerMobilizingYouth21st2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA",
    "DOI": "10.1080/08838151.2018.1451866",
    "ISSN": "0883-8151",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "445-460",
    "title": "Mobilizing Youth in the 21st Century: How Digital Media Use Fosters Civic Duty, Information Efficacy, and Political Participation",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "62"
  },
  {
    "id": "moellerPoliticsPrivacyAUseful2020",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Johanna E." },
      { "family": "Nowak", "given": "Jakub" },
      { "family": "Kannengiesser", "given": "Sigrid" },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith E." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "moellerPoliticsPrivacyAUseful2020",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v8i2.3373",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "232-236",
    "title": "The Politics of Privacy-A Useful Tautology",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "moellerSpiralPoliticalLearning2019",
    "abstract": "This study investigates the dynamics of the reciprocal influence of political knowledge and attentive news use. News media are an important source for political information and contribute to political learning. Yet, this process is optimized with increasing levels of pre-existing knowledge about the political world. In extant literature, mutual interdependence is often suggested, but empirical proof is scarce. We propose to conceptualize the relationship of knowledge and news use as an upward spiral. The model is tested on data from a three-wave panel survey among 888 adolescents using growth curve modeling. The results support the model of a spiral of political learning. Interestingly, the influence of political knowledge on news use is estimated to be higher than the other way round.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "moellerSpiralPoliticalLearning2019",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0093650215605148",
    "ISSN": "0093-6502",
    "issue": "8, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 12]] },
    "page": "1078-1094",
    "title": "Spiral of Political Learning: The Reciprocal Relationship of News Media Use and Political Knowledge Among Adolescents",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "46"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerCuttingCommentChaos2024",
    "abstract": "Social scientists often study comments on YouTube to learn about people's attitudes towards and experiences of online videos. However, not all YouTube comments are relevant in the sense that they reflect individuals' thoughts about, or experiences of the content of a video or its artist/maker. Therefore, the present paper employs Supervised Machine Learning to automatically assess comments written in response to music videos in terms of their relevance. For those comments that are relevant, we also assess why they are relevant. Our results indicate that most YouTube comments are relevant (approx. 78%). Among those, most are relevant because they include a positive evaluation of the video, describe a viewer's personal experience related to the video, or express a sense of community among the video viewers. We conclude that Supervised Machine Learning is a suitable method to find those YouTube comments that are relevant to scholars studying viewers' reactions to online videos, and we present suggestions for scholars wanting to apply the same technique in their own projects.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan A. M." },
      { "family": "Baumgartner", "given": "Susanne E." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerCuttingCommentChaos2024",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1177/08944393231173895",
    "ISSN": "0894-4393",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2024", 2]] },
    "page": "162-185",
    "title": "Cutting Through the Comment Chaos: A Supervised Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Relevant YouTube Comments",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "42"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerEffectsSocialInformation2021",
    "abstract": "Recent experiments showed that the valence of user comments (i.e., social information) presented alongside online videos can alter viewers? enjoyment of videos. However, it is unclear how much attention video viewers pay to social information and whether the effects found in previous studies occur if participants are not forced to view the social information. Therefore, this study investigated how the valence of social information presented alongside online videos affects viewers? enjoyment when viewers are free to determine whether and how much attention they pay to social information. Using an eye tracker, we found that most video viewers pay attention to social information which then elicits a valence effect on their enjoyment. Results also showed that a negativity bias occurred: Participants paid most attention to negative social information. Accordingly, the effect of social information on enjoyment was stronger for negative social information. This study is the first to show that social information of online videos affects the experiences of video viewers in settings where viewers are in charge of how much attention they pay to social information.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Baumgartner", "given": "Susanne E." },
      { "family": "Kuhne", "given": "Rinaldo" },
      { "family": "Peter", "given": "Jochen" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerEffectsSocialInformation2021",
    "container-title": "MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15213269.2019.1679647",
    "ISSN": "1521-3269",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 3, 4]] },
    "page": "214-235",
    "title": "The effects of social information on the enjoyment of online videos: An eye tracking study on the role of attention",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "24"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerEffectsUserComments2019",
    "abstract": "Videos presented on social media platforms are frequently watched because people find them entertaining. However, videos on social media platforms are often presented together with user comments containing information about how entertaining previous viewers found them to be. This social information may affect people's entertainment experiences. The goal of the present study was to explore how user comments affect viewers' hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences in response to online videos. The results of an online experiment (N = 203) showed that user comments in which previous viewers of a video indicate that they enjoyed or appreciated the video increase the hedonic entertainment experiences of new viewers. Viewers' eudaimonic entertainment experiences were unaffected by user comments. These findings show that entertainment experiences do not emerge in response to online videos alone. Instead, they also depend on information about the entertainment experiences of previous viewers.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Kuhne", "given": "Rinaldo" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerEffectsUserComments2019",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2018-2015",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 11]] },
    "page": "427-446",
    "title": "The effects of user comments on hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences when watching online videos",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "44"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerExploringUserResponses2019",
    "abstract": "On YouTube, videos are always presented together with additional user-generated information about those videos. This social information is presented in the form of number of views, (dis)likes, or comments. However, we know little about the characteristics of social information about entertainment videos. To fill this gap, the present study examined the amount and valence of online entertainment videos' social information and compared this to the social information of online political videos. An automated content analysis of (dis)likes, views, and 39,602 comments presented alongside 463 videos showed that entertainment videos received more views and comments than political videos. Moreover, entertainment videos' comments were more neutral than political videos' comments. We also found that comments with a stronger positive or negative valence received more replies and likes, with the exceptions that the positive valence of political videos had no effect and that, for political videos, a stronger negative valence led to fewer likes. Finally, we found that as political videos received more comments, the positive valence of their comments became more consistent. Overall, these results show that the type of video influences the amount and valence of social information the video receives.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Kuhne", "given": "Rinaldo" },
      { "family": "Baumgartner", "given": "Susanne E." },
      { "family": "Peter", "given": "Jochen" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerExploringUserResponses2019",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0894439318779336",
    "ISSN": "0894-4393",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 8]] },
    "page": "510-528",
    "title": "Exploring User Responses to Entertainment and Political Videos: An Automated Content Analysis of YouTube",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "37"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerNotBlameIt2018",
    "abstract": "In the debate about filter bubbles caused by algorithmic news recommendation, the conceptualization of the two core concepts in this debate, diversity and algorithms, has received little attention in social scientific research. This paper examines the effect of multiple recommender systems on different diversity dimensions. To this end, it maps different values that diversity can serve, and a respective set of criteria that characterizes a diverse information offer in this particular conception of diversity. We make use of a data set of simulated article recommendations based on actual content of one of the major Dutch broadsheet newspapers and its users (N=21,973 articles, N=500 users). We find that all of the recommendation logics under study proved to lead to a rather diverse set of recommendations that are on par with human editors and that basing recommendations on user histories can substantially increase topic diversity within a recommendation set.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Es", "given": "Bram", "non-dropping-particle": "van" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerNotBlameIt2018",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2018.1444076",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "7, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "959-977",
    "title": "Do not blame it on the algorithm: an empirical assessment of multiple recommender systems and their impact on content diversity",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerSatirizingClothingIndustry2022",
    "abstract": "Recently, scholars have started to investigate how the valence of user comments presented alongside online videos influences viewers' experiences of and responses to those videos. The present experiment adds to this literature by investigating the role of user comments that accompany an online political satire video in particular. Moreover, it advances our knowledge of the effect of comments by investigating firstly how user comments shape viewers' experiences of political satire and, secondly, how these experiences subsequently influence viewers' behavioral intentions. The results show that the valence of comments influences viewers' behavioral intentions and that this effect is mediated by viewers' subjective knowledge gain and their eudaimonic entertainment experiences in response to the political satire video. Although the valence of comments also affects political satire viewers' hedonic entertainment experiences, these specific entertainment experiences do not impact viewers' behavioral intentions. These results show that comments do not only shape viewers' experiences as they are watching political satire online, but they also have consequences for what viewers intent to do offline.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Boukes", "given": "Mark" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerSatirizingClothingIndustry2022",
    "container-title": "MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15213269.2022.2066004",
    "ISSN": "1521-3269",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 9, 3]] },
    "page": "724-739",
    "title": "Satirizing the Clothing Industry on <i>YouTube</i>: How Political Satire and User Comments Jointly Shape Behavioral Intentions",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "25"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerSharingFunHow2021",
    "abstract": "Online video platforms often present videos together with social information in the form of user comments and likes. This study tested two hypotheses about how this merger of mass and interpersonal communication on online video platforms shapes viewers' evaluations and enjoyment of online videos. Whereas the judgement effect hypothesis states that social information alters viewers' video evaluations, the processing effect hypothesis poses that it influences viewers' enjoyment while they are watching videos. Using real-time response measures, this experiment pitted both hypotheses against each other. The results indicate that if viewers are exposed to social information before watching a video, a processing effect emerges on their enjoyment as they are watching. If viewers are exposed to social information after watching a video, a judgement effect on their retrospective video enjoyment occurs but not on their video evaluations. These new insights advance our understanding of how social information affects video viewers.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Baumgartner", "given": "Susanne E." },
      { "family": "Kuhne", "given": "Rinaldo" },
      { "family": "Peter", "given": "Jochen" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerSharingFunHow2021",
    "container-title": "HUMAN COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/hcr/hqaa013",
    "ISSN": "0360-3989",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 1]] },
    "page": "25-48",
    "title": "Sharing the Fun? How Social Information Affects Viewers' Video Enjoyment and Video Evaluations",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "47"
  },
  {
    "id": "mollerSocialIdentityPerspective2020",
    "abstract": "To date, videos are often presented on social media platforms where they are accompanied by social information in the form of user comments. Research suggests that this social information can alter viewers' video enjoyment. The present study aimed to learn more about two factors that may enhance this effect by conducting a 2x2 between-subjects experiment with a control group (N = 290, M-age = 20.82, SDage = 2.49) in the Netherlands. First, we investigated the role that the source of social information (i.e., in-group vs. out-group) plays in the effect of social information. Second, we explored how writing a comment while watching a video (i.e., commenting vs. no commenting) may alter the effect of the source of social information. Results indicated that social information created by in-group members is more influential than social information created by out-group members. However, writing a comment did not increase viewers' susceptibility to the effects of social information. These results are discussed in light of the social identity framework, leading to new insights into what may bolster the effect of social information on video enjoyment when individuals watch videos presented on social media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "A. Marthe" },
      { "family": "Kuhne", "given": "Rinaldo" },
      { "family": "Baumgartner", "given": "Susanne E." },
      { "family": "Peter", "given": "Jochen" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mollerSocialIdentityPerspective2020",
    "container-title": "CYBERPSYCHOLOGY-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL RESEARCH ON CYBERSPACE",
    "DOI": "10.5817/CP2020-4-6",
    "ISSN": "1802-7962",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "title": "A Social Identity Perspective on the Effect of Social Information on Online Video Enjoyment",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "monzerUserPerspectivesNews2020",
    "abstract": "With the increasing use of algorithms in news distribution, commentators warn about its possible impacts on the changing relationship between the news media and news readers. To understand the meaning of news personalisation strategies to users, we investigated how they currently experience news personalisation, perceive their role in the personalisation process, and envision increasing the utility of personalised news by giving users more agency and fostering trust. We conducted four focus groups with online news readers in Germany. For the analysis, grounded theory techniques were suitable due to their applicability in reconstructing user perspectives through their own experiences. We found that (1) users fail to distinguish between news personalisation and commercial targeting, which may negatively bias their perception; (2) there is a contradiction in how users perceive themselves as active participants in the process, but lack the means to exercise agency; (3) user concerns extend beyond privacy to what information they receive and their right to personal autonomy-a solution requires offering users the ability to dynamically adjust their “news interest profiles”; (4) while news personalisation strategies afford new opportunities for introducing reciprocity in the media-audience relationship, negotiating competing logics of journalistic, personal and algorithmic curation remains a challenge.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Monzer", "given": "Cristina" },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Eskens", "given": "Sarah" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "monzerUserPerspectivesNews2020",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2020.1773291",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "9",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11, 12]] },
    "page": "1142-1162",
    "title": "User Perspectives on the News Personalisation Process: Agency, Trust and Utility as Building Blocks",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "mukerjeeNetworksAudienceOverlap2018",
    "abstract": "How do people consume news online? Here, we propose a novel way to answer this question using the browsing behavior of web users and the networks they form while navigating news content. In these networks, two news outlets are connected if they share a fraction of their audiences. We propose two crucial improvements to the methodology employed in previous research: a statistical test to filter out non-significant overlap between sites; and a thresholding approach to identify the core of the audience network. We explain why our approach is better than previous approaches using two data sets: one tracks digital news consumption during the 2016 Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom and the other during the 2016 Presidential Election in the United States. We show that our filtering technique produces a completely different ranking of top sites, uncovering structural properties in the audience network that would go unnoticed otherwise.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Mukerjee", "given": "Subhayan" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Gonzalez-Bailon", "given": "Sandra" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mukerjeeNetworksAudienceOverlap2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/joc/jqx007",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 2]] },
    "page": "26-50",
    "title": "Networks of Audience Overlap in the Consumption of Digital News",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "68"
  },
  {
    "id": "mukerjeeResponseWebsterTaneja2018",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Mukerjee", "given": "Subhayan" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Gonzalez-Bailon", "given": "Sandra" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "mukerjeeResponseWebsterTaneja2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/joc/jqy022",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 6]] },
    "page": "E15-E18",
    "title": "Response to Webster and Taneja's Response to “Networks of Audience Overlap in the Consumption of Digital News”",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "68"
  },
  {
    "id": "ohmeAttenuatingCrisisRelationship2021",
    "abstract": "In a global crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world are dependent on voluntary support of their citizens. Based on a four-wave panel survey conducted in the Netherlands between April and July 2020 (n = 1742), this study investigates the development of citizens' engagement in prosocial political activities and what motivates such acts of political participation. With previous research indicating strong relationships between news as well as social media use and political participation, we test whether these types of information consumption drive participation over time. The spread of misinformation during the COVID-19 crisis, however, was described as an “infodemic”. The study therefore explores how holding misinformation beliefs directly and indirectly affects participation in COVID-19 related activities.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Brosius", "given": "Anna" },
      { "family": "Meer", "given": "Toni", "non-dropping-particle": "van der" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ohmeAttenuatingCrisisRelationship2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF ELECTIONS PUBLIC OPINION AND PARTIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/17457289.2021.1924735",
    "ISSN": "1745-7289",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 5, 31]] },
    "page": "285-298",
    "title": "Attenuating the crisis: the relationship between media use, prosocial political participation, and holding misinformation beliefs during the COVID-19 pandemic",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "31"
  },
  {
    "id": "ohmeAvoidingNewsParticipate2023",
    "abstract": "Lower levels of news use are generally understood to be associated with less political engagement among citizens. But while some people simply have a low preference for news, others avoid the news intentionally. So far little is known about the relationship between active news avoidance and civic engagement in society, a void this study has set out to fill. Based on a four-wave general population panel survey in the Netherlands, conducted between April and July 2020 (N = 1,084) during a crisis situation, this research-in-brief investigates the development of news avoidance and pro-social civic engagement over time. Results suggest that higher news topic avoidance results in higher levels of civic engagement. The study discusses different explanations for why less news can mean more engagement.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" },
      { "family": "Bruin", "given": "Kiki", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Haan", "given": "Yael", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ohmeAvoidingNewsParticipate2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2021-0099",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 11, 27]] },
    "page": "551-562",
    "title": "Avoiding the news to participate in society? The longitudinal relationship between news avoidance and civic engagement",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "ohmeDigitalDataDonations2022",
    "abstract": "This preview article discusses PORT-a data donation software newly developed by Boeschoten et al.-toward the background of three core data donation principles: privacy protection, meaningful data extraction, and securing user agency.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ohmeDigitalDataDonations2022",
    "container-title": "PATTERNS",
    "ISSN": "2666-3899",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 4, 8]] },
    "title": "Digital data donations: A quest for best practices",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "3"
  },
  {
    "id": "ohmeDigitalTraceData2023",
    "abstract": "In social media effects research, the role of specific social media content is understudied, in part attributable to the fact that communication science previously lacked methods to access social media content directly. Digital trace data (DTD) can shed light on textual and audio-visual content of social media use and enable the analysis of content usage on a granular individual level that has been previously unavailable. However, because digital trace data are not specifically designed for research purposes, collection and analysis present several uncertainties. This article is a collaborative effort by scholars to provide an overview of how three methods of digital trace data collection - APIs, data donations, and tracking - can be used in studying the effects of social media content in three important topic areas of communication research: misinformation, algorithmic bias, and well-being. We address the question of how to collect raw social media content data and arrive at meaningful measures with multiple state-of-the-art data collection techniques that can be used to study the effects of social media use on different levels of detail. We conclude with a discussion of best practices for the implementation of each technique, and a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Boeschoten", "given": "Laura" },
      { "family": "Freelon", "given": "Deen" },
      { "family": "Ram", "given": "Nilam" },
      { "family": "Reeves", "given": "Byron B. B." },
      { "family": "Robinson", "given": "Thomas N." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ohmeDigitalTraceData2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2023.2181319",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 2, 26]] },
    "title": "Digital Trace Data Collection for Social Media Effects Research: APIs, Data Donation, and (Screen) Tracking",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "ohmeFrequenciesDriversSolutions2022",
    "abstract": "Low levels of news seeking can be problematic for an informed citizenry. Previous research has discussed different types of news non-attendance but conceptual ambiguities between low news usage, general news avoidance, and news topic avoidance still exist. By using a longitudinal design conducted with a chatbot survey among Dutch users (n = 189), this study provides first empirical evidence that helps clarify conceptual differences. First, it estimates the prevalence of these different types of news non-attendance. Second, it tests to what extend cognitive restrictions, quality assessments, and personal relevance are relevant predictors in explaining engagement in three types of non-attendance to news. Third, the study investigates how news usage behaviors (e.g., news curation, news snacking, and verification engagement) may serve as potential user-driven counter strategies against news avoidance. We find evidence for the conceptual differences. Only small shares of news non-attendance are explained by avoidance motivations. Especially news curation and verification engagement can mitigate common drivers of news avoidance, while news snacking reinforces them.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Zarouali", "given": "Brahim" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ohmeFrequenciesDriversSolutions2022",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2022.2102533",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "12",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 9, 10]] },
    "page": "1510-1530",
    "title": "Frequencies, Drivers, and Solutions to News Non-Attendance: Investigating Differences Between Low News Usage and News (Topic) Avoidance with Conversational Agents",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "ohmeMobileDataDonations2021",
    "abstract": "With digital communication increasingly shifting to mobile devices, communication research needs to explore ways to retrieve, process, and analyze digital trace data on people's most personal devices. This study presents a new methodological approach, mobile data donations, in which smartphone usage data is collected unobtrusively with the help of mobile log data. The iOS Screen Time function is used as a test case for gathering log data with the help of screenshots. The study investigates the feasibility of the method, sample biases, and accuracy of smartphone usage self-reports on a general population sample of Dutch citizens (n=404). Importantly, it explores how mobile data donations can be used as add-ons or substitutes for conventional media exposure measures. Results indicate that (a) users' privacy concerns and technical skills are crucial factors for the willingness to donate mobile log data and (b) there is a strong tendency for underreporting of smartphone usage duration and frequency.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      {
        "family": "Vreese",
        "given": "Claes H.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "de"
      },
      { "family": "Piotrowski", "given": "Jessica Taylor" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ohmeMobileDataDonations2021",
    "container-title": "MOBILE MEDIA & COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/2050157920959106",
    "ISSN": "2050-1579",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 5]] },
    "page": "293-313",
    "title": "Mobile data donations: Assessing self-report accuracy and sample biases with the iOS Screen Time function",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "ottoLinkageAnalysisRevised2023",
    "abstract": "Linkage analysis, i.e. linking media exposure, content, and surveys, has been a powerful tool to assess media effects. However, the development of online communication and the advent of social media brings about many challenges for traditional linkage designs. In this paper, we explain the three steps of linkage designs for online communication effects and the usage of computational approaches to capture communication exposure and content. We then review recent designs and studies that use different forms of digital trace data to link digital communication exposure, content, and surveys: Tracking data, data donations, and screenshots/screen recordings. We describe (practical) challenges and opportunities when linking digital communication traces with self-reports and show how these data could be analyzed to establish different media effects.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Otto", "given": "Lukas P." },
      { "family": "Loecherbach", "given": "Felicia" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ottoLinkageAnalysisRevised2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2023.2257595",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 9, 16]] },
    "title": "Linkage Analysis Revised - Linking Digital Traces and Survey Data",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "palauAmendNotAmend2023",
    "abstract": "Based on a new comprehensive dataset containing information on 93,722 amendments, this article explores the circumstances under which Spanish legislators propose amendments to executive bills. Our results show that legislators respond to variations in both governmental factors and bargaining dynamics. In single-party minority governments, ad hoc legislature agreements translate into more amendments. However, legislators do not introduce significantly fewer amendments under absolute majority governments, when the chances of their proposals being accepted fall. After controlling for many confounders, the results show that amending activity reacts to attention allocation dynamics - mediatised bills receive more amendments - but not to variations in contextual factors - the number of amendments does not significantly increase when the economic situation deteriorates. Finally, bills associated with a greater number of committee appearances from interest groups, experts and public officials are more often the target of amendments, signalling that an informational logic is also at play.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Palau", "given": "Anna M." },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Munoz", "given": "Luz" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "palauAmendNotAmend2023",
    "container-title": "WEST EUROPEAN POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/01402382.2023.2241253",
    "ISSN": "0140-2382",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 7, 29]] },
    "title": "To amend or not to amend: under what circumstances do Spanish legislators propose amendments to executive bills?",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "paysonUsingSocialMedia2022",
    "abstract": "State governments are tasked with making important policy decisions in the United States. How do state legislators use their public communications-particularly social media-to engage with policy debates? Due to previous data limitations, we lack systematic information about whether and how state legislators publicly discuss policy and how this behavior varies across contexts. Using Twitter data and state-of-the-art topic modeling techniques, we introduce a method to study state legislator policy priorities and apply the method to 15 US states in 2018. We show that we are able to accurately capture the policy issues discussed by state legislators with substantially more accuracy than existing methods. We then present initial findings that validate the method and speak to debates in the literature. The paper concludes by discussing promising avenues for future state politics research using this new approach.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Payson", "given": "Julia" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Nagler", "given": "Jonathan" },
      { "family": "Bonneau", "given": "Richard" },
      { "family": "Tucker", "given": "Joshua A." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "paysonUsingSocialMedia2022",
    "container-title": "STATE POLITICS & POLICY QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1017/spq.2022.1",
    "ISSN": "1532-4400",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 12]] },
    "page": "371-395",
    "title": "Using Social Media Data to Reveal Patterns of Policy Engagement in State Legislatures",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "peterGuidelinesHandlingResearch2020",
    "abstract": "Research data are the primary product of empirical studies and essential for generating scientific knowledge. Their accessibility and long-term preservation should therefore be encouraged by all scientific disciplines. Accordingly, the German Research Foundation asked the social sciences associations in Germany to address the topic and develop guidelines for the handling of research data in their discipline. A working group of the German Communication Association (DGPuK) developed the present guidelines. They refer to all data types generated in communication science and reflect the importance of making research data available, while also taking into account challenges and limitations. Recommendations for different target groups are provided to promote the availability of research data in communication science.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Peter", "given": "Christina" },
      { "family": "Breuer", "given": "Johannes" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Scharkow", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Schwarzenegger", "given": "Christian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "peterGuidelinesHandlingResearch2020",
    "container-title": "SCM STUDIES IN COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA",
    "DOI": "10.5771/2192-4007-2020-4-599",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "599-626",
    "title": "Guidelines for handling research data in communication science Working group research data on behalf of the management board of the German Communication Association (DGPuK)",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "pouwelsIntegratingCommunicationScience2023",
    "abstract": "A pressing societal and scientific question is how social media use affects our cognitions, emotions, and behaviors. To answer this question, fine-grained insight into the content of individuals' social media use is needed. It is difficult to study content-based social media effects with traditional survey methods because such methods are incapable of capturing the extreme volume and variety of social media content that is shared and received. Therefore, this special issue aims to illustrate how content-based social media effects could be examined by integrating communication sciences and computational methods. We describe a three-step method to investigate content-based media effects, which involves (a) collecting digital trace data, (b) performing automated textual and visual content analysis, and (c) conducting linkage analysis. This Special Issue zooms in on these steps and describes the strengths and weaknesses of different computational methods. We conclude with some challenges that need to be addressed in future research.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Pouwels", "given": "J. Loes" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Bachl", "given": "Marko" },
      { "family": "Valkenburg", "given": "Patti M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "pouwelsIntegratingCommunicationScience2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2023.2285766",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 11, 29]] },
    "title": "Integrating Communication Science and Computational Methods to Study Content-Based Social Media Effects",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "powellPicturePowerContribution2019",
    "abstract": "Today's high-choice media environment allows citizens to select news in line with their political preferences and avoid content counter to their priors. So far, however, selective exposure research has exclusively studied news selection based on textual cues, ignoring the recent proliferation of visual media. This study aimed to identify the contribution of visuals alongside text in selective exposure to pro-attitudinal, counter-attitudinal and balanced content. Using two experiments, we created a social media-style newsfeed with news items comprising matching and non-matching images and headlines about the contested issues of immigration and gun control in the U.S. By comparing selection behavior of participants with opposing prior attitudes on these topics, we pulled apart the contribution of images and headlines to selective exposure. Findings show that headlines play a far greater role in guiding selection, with the influence of images being minimal. The additional influence of partisan source cues is also considered.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Powell", "given": "Thomas E." },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Peralta", "given": "Carlos Brenes" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "powellPicturePowerContribution2019",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v7i3.1991",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "12-31",
    "title": "Picture Power? The Contribution of Visuals and Text to Partisan Selective Exposure",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "powellSelectionSnapshotContribution2021",
    "abstract": "The psychological bases of the selection and attitudinal response to news media have received ample attention in political communication research. However, the interplay between three crucial factors in today's online, high-choice news media settings remains understudied: (1) textual versus multimodal (text-plus-visual) communication; (2) attitude congruent versus attitude incongruent versus balanced content; and (3) political versus nonpolitical genres. Relying on an experimental study of refugee and gun control news in the United States (N = 1,159), this paper investigates how people select and avoid, and also the extent to which they agree with, congenial, uncongenial, and balanced political news in a realistic multimodal selective-exposure setting in which political news is presented alongside sports and entertainment news. Although the findings partially depend on the issue, we find that the presence of multimodal (compared to textual) entertainment and sport items can increase avoidance of political news. Multimodal (compared to textual) political news augments attitude congruent selective exposure instead of encouraging cross-cutting selective exposure. Once selected, multimodal political news articles evoke stronger emotions and lead to higher issue agreement than textual news, regardless of an article's attitude congruence. By linking research on text-alone to multimodal selective exposure, this study shows that visuals in high-choice media environments can contribute to the selective avoidance of political news generally and cross-cutting political news more specifically.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Powell", "given": "Thomas E." },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "powellSelectionSnapshotContribution2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1940161220966730",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 1]] },
    "page": "46-68",
    "title": "Selection in a Snapshot? The Contribution of Visuals to the Selection and Avoidance of Political News in Information-Rich Media Settings",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "puringtondrakeYouthSocialMedia2023",
    "abstract": "Social media has opened new doors of opportunities and risks for youth. Potential risks include exposure to harmful content, engagement with strangers, or unwanted consequences from irresponsible or naive use. Social media literacy has been proposed as a way to mitigate such risks and promote positive ways of social media engagement. This paper aimed to develop a comprehensive Youth Social Media Literacy Inventory (YSMLI) to objectively assess young adolescents' (9-13 years) knowledge and skills in the context of social media use. The development process included four consecutive steps: 1) an in-depth review of the literature to identify core competencies and domains of social media literacy, 2) creation of a large item pool that assesses these core competencies within six domains (advertising, cyberbullying, privacy, news, phishing, and media balance), 3) expert review and cognitive pretesting with youth, and 4) empirical validation of the final 90-item pool using item response theory based on a sample of n = 306 youth participants in the US. The final item bank is well-fitting, reliable, and valid, offering scales with varying lengths for different purposes including domain-specific assessment and parallel testing. IMPACT SUMMARYPrior State of KnowledgeSocial media literacy has been proposed as a way to mitigate risks and maximize the benefits of social media use. Yet, there are currently no objectives and validated measures for assessing young children's social media literacy knowledge and skills.Novel ContributionsWe developed and validated the Youth Social Media Literacy Inventory, a 90-item bank, that can be used to objectively assess youth's social media literacy. Due to its excellent psychometric properties, it allows scholars to create scales of varying length and for different research purposes.Practical ImplicationsEducators and researchers can use the inventory to assess the effectiveness of social media literacy interventions; compare levels of social media literacy across groups, schools, or populations; and assess antecedents and consequences of social media literacy.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Purington Drake", "given": "Amanda" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Bazarova", "given": "Natalie N." },
      { "family": "Zou", "given": "Wenting" },
      { "family": "Whitlock", "given": "Janis" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "puringtondrakeYouthSocialMedia2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF CHILDREN AND MEDIA",
    "DOI": "10.1080/17482798.2023.2230493",
    "ISSN": "1748-2798",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10, 2]] },
    "page": "467-487",
    "title": "The youth social media literacy inventory: development and validation using item response theory in the US",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "17"
  },
  {
    "id": "reindersDeterminantsConsumerAcceptance2023",
    "abstract": "Background: There has been growing attention towards personalizing dietary advice to the specific lifestyle, phenotypic and genotypic properties of consumers. Consumer acceptance and advice adherence is critical for the success of services offering personalized dietary advice. However, more insight is needed in the current body of knowledge on the determinants of consumer acceptance and use of personalized dietary advice. Scope and approach: This literature review provides an overview of the current knowledge on consumer accep-tance, use and effectiveness of personalized dietary advice based on the four information flow stages in personalized dietary advice: (1) information provision from consumer to formulate a personalized dietary advice, (2) personalized advice generation, (3) advice provision to the consumer, (4) advice acceptance and adherence. Key Findings and Conclusions: Results show that the extent to which each step in the cycle is considered in the reviewed studies varies strongly, with most emphasis on the advice adherence, such as changes in dietary intake. In contrast, it is less clear how consumer data is used to generate a personalized dietary advice. Based on the studies in our review, we identify aspects that play a role in the consumer acceptance of personalized dietary advice and the best design practices for creating a successful personalized advice.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Reinders", "given": "Machiel J." },
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain D." },
      { "family": "Fischer", "given": "Arnout R. H." },
      { "family": "Verain", "given": "Muriel C. D." },
      { "family": "Doets", "given": "Esmee L." },
      { "family": "Van Loo", "given": "Ellen J." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "reindersDeterminantsConsumerAcceptance2023",
    "container-title": "TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.tifs.2022.12.008",
    "ISSN": "0924-2244",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1]] },
    "page": "277-294",
    "title": "Determinants of consumer acceptance and use of personalized dietary advice: A systematic review",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "131"
  },
  {
    "id": "resendezHeyGoogleWhat2023",
    "abstract": "The emerging use of Conversational Agents (CAs), such as Google Assistant, highlights the role of algorithmic gatekeeping power in news consumption. However, our knowledge of the effects of CAs on shaping the public's perception of the most important topics (issue salience) is limited. To investigate this, we conducted a seven-day longitudinal survey in the Netherlands, comparing the most important issues reported by users (N = 352) across various channels, including CAs, social media, and news websites. Our aim was to analyze how CAs influence the transfer of issue salience from the channel to the user. While our hypotheses were not supported, different patterns emerged. Users consuming news through CAs exhibited a have a lower probability of agreeing on the most important issues in the Netherlands compared to participants consuming information on social media and news websites. This suggests that news consumption through CAs may offer less shared context compared to other channels. Furthermore, trust in the channel and attention to the news were found to be significant predictors of agreement on issue salience. These findings raise important questions for further research, particularly regarding the impact and democratic role of CAs within the broader news ecosystem.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Resendez", "given": "Valeria" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "resendezHeyGoogleWhat2023",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2023.2234953",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 7, 8]] },
    "title": "Hey Google, What is in the News? The Influence of Conversational Agents on Issue Salience",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "rothCurvingEntertainmentCurvilinear2018",
    "abstract": "Two studies were conducted to test the relation between hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences as well as their respective influence on information processing while watching a political talk show on TV. Assumptions from entertainment theory and positive psychology served as theoretical basis. A curvilinear relationship between hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment experiences was found through an online survey (N = 675). The second study (N = 132) was an experiment in which hedonic entertainment experiences were manipulated. Again, a curvilinear relationship between both entertainment experiences was detected. Furthermore, entertainment experiences were associated with information processing in a meaningful pattern. These results point to the distinct relationships and effects of different forms of entertainment experiences. Implications for political media and entertainment education are discussed.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Roth", "given": "Franziska S." },
      { "family": "Weinmann", "given": "Carina" },
      { "family": "Schneider", "given": "Frank M." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Bindl", "given": "Melanie J." },
      { "family": "Vorderer", "given": "Peter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "rothCurvingEntertainmentCurvilinear2018",
    "container-title": "PSYCHOLOGY OF POPULAR MEDIA CULTURE",
    "DOI": "10.1037/ppm0000147",
    "ISSN": "2160-4134",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 10]] },
    "page": "499-517",
    "title": "Curving Entertainment: The Curvilinear Relationship Between Hedonic and Eudaimonic Entertainment Experiences While Watching a Political Talk Show and Its Implications for Information Processing",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "rothSeriouslyEntertainedAntecedents2014",
    "abstract": "This study's purpose is twofold: to introduce a new format into existing political entertainment research (”serious” political talk shows) and to establish a more specific definition of entertainment in a political context. To do so, the authors rely on a two-process-model of entertainment experiences. A telephone survey (N=230) was conducted to analyze the antecedents and consequences of eudaimonic and hedonic entertainment experiences and to look into politically relevant variables and their distribution among viewers and nonviewers of such talk shows. The results highlight the importance of introducing new entertainment concepts and their relations to other relevant political and motivational variables into the research of political entertainment. More specifically, the findings demonstrate how entertainment experiences contribute to viewers' feeling of being informed and point out several differences between viewers and nonviewers concerning their internal political efficacy and political interest. Finally, looking at political talk shows from an audience perspective extends previous content-based taxonomies.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Roth", "given": "Franziska S." },
      { "family": "Weinmann", "given": "Carina" },
      { "family": "Schneider", "given": "Frank M." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Vorderer", "given": "Peter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "rothSeriouslyEntertainedAntecedents2014",
    "container-title": "MASS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15205436.2014.891135",
    "ISSN": "1520-5436",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 5, 1]] },
    "page": "379-399",
    "title": "Seriously Entertained: Antecedents and Consequences of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Entertainment Experiences With Political Talk Shows on TV",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "17"
  },
  {
    "id": "ruigrokGlobalAnglingLocal2007",
    "abstract": "The 9/11 terrorist attacks and later attacks such as those in London and Madrid shocked the world and found their way into the newspapers of many countries. The authors study the international coverage of these events in the context of globalization versus localization and the creation of the dominant post-cold war frame of the War on Terror. Using automatic co-occurrence analysis based on the notion of associative framing, they investigate whether these events were mainly framed in a local or global way in the American, British, and Dutch press. The authors found that although proximity is still a strong determinant of attention for events, the framing of these events was more affected by the global event of 9/11 than by local considerations.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ruigrok", "given": "Nel" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ruigrokGlobalAnglingLocal2007",
    "container-title": "HARVARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1081180X06297436",
    "ISSN": "1081-180X",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2007"]] },
    "page": "68-90",
    "title": "Global angling with a local angle: How US, British, and Dutch newspapers frame global and local terrorist attacks",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "12"
  },
  {
    "id": "ruigrokMediaJuvenileDelinquency2017",
    "abstract": "Between 2007 and 2011, the number of registered juvenile suspects declined by 44percent, but the Dutch public did not feel any safer. In this research, we study media coverage of youth crime and interview journalists and their sources in order to investigate the relationship between journalists, their sources, and the possible effects on the public with respect to fear of crime. We find an overrepresentation of youth crime in news coverage, especially in the popular press, and a stronger episodic focus over time. All media focus increasingly on powerful sources that focus on repressive framing, but this is especially found in the elite press. We conclude that news coverage in all media groups, although in different ways, does contribute to the fear of crime in society and the idea that repressive measures are needed. The fact that this fear of crime is also caused by news coverage is acknowledged, but neither journalists nor politicians are able or willing to change this.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Ruigrok", "given": "Nel" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Gagestein", "given": "Sarah" },
      { "family": "Jacobi", "given": "Carina" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "ruigrokMediaJuvenileDelinquency2017",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884916636143",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "7",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 8]] },
    "page": "907-925",
    "title": "Media and juvenile delinquency: A study into the relationship between journalists, politics, and public",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "18"
  },
  {
    "id": "sandersHybridmethodStudyPatients2023",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Sanders", "given": "Remco" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" },
      {
        "family": "Eenbergen",
        "given": "Mies",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Weert", "given": "Julia", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Linn", "given": "Annemiek" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "sandersHybridmethodStudyPatients2023",
    "container-title": "PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pec.2022.10.188",
    "ISSN": "0738-3991",
    "issue": "S",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 4]] },
    "page": "80",
    "title": "A hybrid-method study into patients combining mass and interpersonal media on forums.",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "109"
  },
  {
    "id": "sandersPatientsConvergenceMass2020",
    "abstract": "Background: Patients are increasingly taking an active role in their health. In doing so, they combine both mass and interpersonal media to gratify their cognitive and affective needs (ie, convergence). Owing to methodological challenges when studying convergence, a detailed view of how patients are using different types of media for needs fulfillment is lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to obtain insight into the frequency of reported convergence, how convergence affects what posters write online, motives for posting, and the needs posters are trying to fulfill. Methods: Using a hybrid method of content analysis and supervised machine learning, this study used naturally available data to fill this research gap. We analyzed opening posts (N=1708) of an online forum targeting cancer patients and their relatives (Kanker.nl). Results: Nearly one-third of the forum opening posts contained signs of convergence in mass or interpersonal media. Posts containing mass media references disclosed less personal information and were more geared toward community enhancement and sharing experiences compared to posts without convergence. Furthermore, compared to posts without signs of convergence, posts that included interpersonal media references disclosed more personal information, and posters were more likely to ask for the experiences of fellow users to fulfill their needs. Within posts containing signs of convergence, posts including interpersonal media references reported fewer shortages of information, disclosed more information about the disease, and were more active in seeking other posters' experiences compared to posts containing mass media references. Conclusions: The current study highlights the intertwining of media platforms for patients. The insights of this study can be used to adapt the health care system toward a new type of health information-seeking behavior in which one medium is not trusted to fulfill all needs. Instead, providers should incorporate the intertwinement of sources by providing patients with reliable websites and forums through which they can fulfill their needs.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Sanders", "given": "Remco" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo B." },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" },
      {
        "family": "Eenbergen",
        "given": "Mies C.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      {
        "family": "Weert",
        "given": "Julia C. M.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Linn", "given": "Annemiek J." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "sandersPatientsConvergenceMass2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.2196/18303",
    "ISSN": "1438-8871",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 10, 19]] },
    "title": "Patients' Convergence of Mass and Interpersonal Communication on an Online Forum: Hybrid Methods Analysis",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "savolainenDelightingDetestingEngagement2020",
    "abstract": "How do audiences make sense of and interact with political junk news on Facebook? How does the platform's “emotional architecture” intervene in these sense-making, interactive processes? What kinds of mediated publics emerge on and through Facebook as a result? We study these questions through topic modeling 40,500 junk news articles, quantitatively analyzing their engagement metrics, and a qualitative comment analysis. This exploratory research design allows us to move between levels of public discourse, zooming in from cross-outlet talking points to microsociological processes of meaning-making, interaction, and emotional entrainment taking place within the comment boxes themselves. We propose the concepts of delighting and detesting engagement to illustrate how the interplay between audiences, platform architecture, and political junk news generates a bivalent emotional dynamic that routinely divides posts into highly “loved” and highly “angering.” We argue that high-performing (or in everyday parlance, viral) junk news bring otherwise disparate audience members together and orient their dramatic focus toward objects of collective joy, anger, or concern. In this context, the nature of political junk news is performative as they become resources for emotional signaling and the construction of group identity and shared feeling on social media. The emotions that animate junk news audiences typically refer back to a transpiring social relationship between two political sides. This affectively loaded “us” versus “them” dynamic is both enforced by Facebook's emotional architecture and made use of by junk news publishers.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Savolainen", "given": "Laura" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Liotsiou", "given": "Dimitra" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "savolainenDelightingDetestingEngagement2020",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/2056305120972037",
    "ISSN": "2056-3051",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 10]] },
    "title": "Delighting and Detesting Engagement: Emotional Politics of Junk News",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "6"
  },
  {
    "id": "schemerImpactInternetSocial2021",
    "abstract": "The present research examines the longitudinal average impact of frequency of use of Internet and social networking sites (SNS) on subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany. Based on five-wave panel data that cover a period of nine years, we disentangle between-person and within-person effects of media use on depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction as indicators of subjective well-being. Additionally, we control for confounders such as TV use, self-esteem, and satisfaction with friends. We found that frequency of Internet use in general and use of SNS in particular is not substantially related subjective well-being. The explanatory power of general Internet use or SNS use to predict between-person differences or within-person change in subjective well-being is close to zero. TV use, a potentially confounding variable, is negatively related to satisfaction with life, but it does not affect depressive symptomatology. However, this effect is too small to be of practical relevance.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Schemer", "given": "Christian" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Geiss", "given": "Stefan" },
      { "family": "Mueller", "given": "Philipp" },
      { "family": "Schaefer", "given": "Svenja" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "schemerImpactInternetSocial2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/jcmc/zmaa014",
    "ISSN": "1083-6101",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 1]] },
    "page": "1-21",
    "title": "The Impact of Internet and Social Media Use on Well-Being: A Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescents Across Nine Years",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "schneiderFirstAidPocket2023",
    "abstract": "When people feel socially threatened and excluded, they could use their mobile phones to reconnect with others and feel better. We assumed that such positive results can occur even if mobile phones are not actively used. Rather, it may suffice if users believe that carrying a mobile phone ensures social connection. This mindset may help users recover a sense of belonging during self-threatening situations. In two experiments, we asked whether the smartphone as a physical device or its symbolic representation can aid in everyday self-threatening situa-tions. In Study 1 (N = 74), participants with their smartphones in their pockets experienced less threatened belongingness than those who were deprived of their smartphones. In Study 2 (N = 419), participants who encountered a smartphone symbol with social apps after feeling socially excluded recovered better than those who encountered a symbol with informational apps, but showed no difference in recovery compared to those who encountered no symbol at all. Findings support the idea that smartphones can `physically' buffer against social threats and partially serve as subtle reminders of social bonds.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Schneider", "given": "Frank M." },
      { "family": "Rieger", "given": "Diana" },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "schneiderFirstAidPocket2023",
    "container-title": "COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2022.107629",
    "ISSN": "0747-5632",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 4]] },
    "title": "First aid in the pocket: The psychosocial benefits of smartphones in self-threatening situations",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "141"
  },
  {
    "id": "schneiderSocialMediaOstracism2017",
    "abstract": "In times of being always online and connected, cyberostracism-the feeling of being ignored or excluded over the Internet-is a serious threat to fundamental human needs: belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence. According to the temporal need-threat model, responses to ostracism lead to immediate and universal experiences of negative emotions as well as to thwarted need satisfaction. In two experiments (N-1 = 105; N-2 = 85), we investigated these effects using a new computerized tool, Ostracism Online (Wolf et al., 2015). In both studies we found that ostracism negatively affected emotional states, belongingness, self-esteem, and meaningful existence but not control. Furthermore, Facebook use as a coping strategy after being excluded had no significant impact on need restoration. In sum, our findings highlight that Ostracism Online is a useful tool to connect the research area of social media and ostracism. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Schneider", "given": "Frank M." },
      { "family": "Zwillich", "given": "Britta" },
      { "family": "Bindl", "given": "Melanie J." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Reich", "given": "Sabine" },
      { "family": "Vorderer", "given": "Peter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "schneiderSocialMediaOstracism2017",
    "container-title": "COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.052",
    "ISSN": "0747-5632",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 8]] },
    "page": "385-393",
    "title": "Social media ostracism: The effects of being excluded online",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "73"
  },
  {
    "id": "schultzStrategicFramingBP2012",
    "abstract": "This paper contributes to the analysis of the interplay of public relations and news in crisis situations, and the conceptualization of strategic framing by introducing the idea of associative frames and the method of semantic network analysis to the PR research field. By building on a more advanced understanding of communication as process of social meaning construction that is embedded in networks of differential relations between different actors, it contributes to extend the perspective of first- and second-order agenda building towards a kind of “third order” or “network agenda building”. Via an automated content analysis of more than 3700 articles we examine agenda- and frame-differences between public relations, UK and US news in the BP crisis. The study documents that BP successfully applied a decoupling strategy: It dissociated itself from being responsible for the cause and at the same time presented itself as solvent of the crisis. It shows that in crises, associative frames in PR resonate partly to associative frames in news. Especially the US news followed BP and did not succeed in presenting political actors as solution providers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Schultz", "given": "Friederike" },
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      { "family": "Oegema", "given": "Dirk" },
      { "family": "Utz", "given": "Sonja" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "schultzStrategicFramingBP2012",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.08.003",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2012", 3]] },
    "page": "97-107",
    "title": "Strategic framing in the BP crisis: A semantic network analysis of associative frames",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "38"
  },
  {
    "id": "schumacherNewDatasetDutch2019",
    "abstract": "We present a new dataset of speeches given by Danish and Dutch politicians at party congresses between 1946 and 2017. The dataset is a unique collection of materials from different party archives and digital repositories. It offers a unique opportunity to analyse the issues discussed in these speeches, the positions taken and the rhetoric used by party elites over time and between countries. We describe the data and illustrate them with one application: a sentiment analysis that describes differences between parties and over time.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Schumacher", "given": "Gijs" },
      { "family": "Hansen", "given": "Daniel" },
      {
        "family": "Velden",
        "given": "Mariken A. C. G.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Kunst", "given": "Sander" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "schumacherNewDatasetDutch2019",
    "container-title": "RESEARCH & POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/2053168019838352",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 4, 9]] },
    "title": "A new dataset of Dutch and Danish party congress speeches",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "6"
  },
  {
    "id": "schwingesWatchdogRoleAge2023",
    "abstract": "The unprecedented power of Big Tech corporations and the complexity of regulating them requires considering the role of news media as a corporate accountability mechanism. The aim of this article is to examine news media's watchdog role through a performative lens, extending it to the corporate context by looking at three manifestations of performance: media visibility, way of coverage, and sourcing patterns. Based on a longitudinal quantitative content analysis of 920 news stories on Big Tech from four media outlets (2000-2021) in the United States and Germany, we explain variances in the watchdog role taking an over-time, cross-country, and cross-political leaning perspective. Our findings suggest that Big Tech corporations receive little but increasing media attention over the years that is driven by events. Similarly, news coverage contains an increasingly strong presence of a detached watchdog role performance. A more interventionist watchdog role is also on the rise - even though marginally - and political actors are increasingly given a voice in news coverage. From a comparative perspective, our results show that Big Tech corporations are more visible in the US and across right leaning news outlets. US journalists exhibit a more detached approach, while German journalists perform a significantly higher interventionist performance. Corporate sources are overall prominent in the media arena yet dominate more in the US. In conclusion, US and German news media are critical but passive observers over Big Tech corporations and can therefore be labeled a tame yet increasingly growling watchdog when it comes to holding Big Tech accountable.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Schwinges", "given": "Alexandra" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Lock", "given": "Irina" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "schwingesWatchdogRoleAge2023",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2023.2234972",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 7, 18]] },
    "title": "The watchdog role in the age of Big Tech - how news media in the United States and Germany hold Big Tech corporations accountable",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "segijnEngagingTVEvents2020",
    "abstract": "Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the interrelationship between television (TV) consumption (viewing ratings), engagement behaviors of different actors on Twitter (TV programs, media, celebrities and viewers) and the content of engagement behaviors (affective, program-related and social content). Design/methodology/approach TV ratings and Twitter data were obtained. The content of tweets was analyzed by means of a sentiment analysis. A vector auto regression model was used to understand the interrelationship between tweets of different actors and TV consumption. Findings First, the results showed a negative interrelationship between TV viewing and viewers' tweeting behavior. Second, tweets by celebrities and media exhibited similar patterns and were both affected mostly by the number of tweets by viewers. Finally, the content of tweets matters. Affective tweets positively relate to TV viewing, and program-related and social content positively relates to the number of tweets by viewers. Research limitations/implications The findings help us understand the online engagement ecosystem and provide insights into drivers of TV consumption and online engagement of different actors. Practical implications The results indicate that content producers may want to focus on stimulating affective conversations on Twitter to trigger more online and offline engagement. The results also call for rethinking the meaning of TV metrics. Originality/value While some studies have explored viewer interactions on Twitter, only a few studies have looked at the effects of such interactions on variables outside of social media, such as TV consumption. Moreover, the authors study the interrelations between Twitter interactions with TV consumption, which allows us to examine the effect of online engagement on offline behaviors and vice versa. Finally, the authors take different actors into account when studying real-life online engagement.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Segijn", "given": "Claire Monique" },
      { "family": "Maslowska", "given": "Ewa" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Viswanathan", "given": "Vijay" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "segijnEngagingTVEvents2020",
    "container-title": "INTERNET RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1108/INTR-08-2018-0389",
    "ISSN": "1066-2243",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 4, 6]] },
    "page": "381-401",
    "title": "Engaging with TV events on Twitter: The interrelations between TV consumption, engagement actors, and engagement content",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "30"
  },
  {
    "id": "segijnEthicalRamificationsSurveillance2023",
    "abstract": "Infrastructure and technological advancements mark a change in the nature and the extent of surveillance practices, which have become central in the advertising landscape. These new developments come with their own ethical ramifications for the industry, consumers, and regulators. The current article reviews the current state of advertising ethics and surveillance by examining the role and interplay of the industry, consumers, and regulators. We present a future research agenda in which we call for more research into the ethical consequences of the omnipresent surveillance in advertising regarding the changes in the advertising landscape, and new theoretical and methodological implications.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Segijn", "given": "Claire M." },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "segijnEthicalRamificationsSurveillance2023",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/02650487.2022.2114700",
    "ISSN": "0265-0487",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1, 2]] },
    "page": "69-77",
    "title": "The ethical ramifications of surveillance in contemporary advertising for the industry, consumers, and regulators: current issues and a future research agenda",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "42"
  },
  {
    "id": "segijnLiteratureReviewPersonalization2021",
    "abstract": "Through various online activities, individuals produce large amounts of data that are collected by companies for the purpose of providing users with personalized communication. In the light of this mass collection of personal data, the transparency and control paradigm for personalized communication has led to increased attention from legislators and academics. However, in the scientific literature no clear definition of personalization transparency and control exists, which could lead to reliability and validity issues, impeding knowledge accumulation in academic research. In a literature review, we analyzed 31 articles and observed that: 1) no clear definitions of personalization transparency or control exist; 2) they are used interchangeably in the literature; 3) collection, processing, and sharing of data are the three objects of transparency and control; and 4) increased transparency does not automatically increase control because first awareness needs to be raised in the individual. Also, the relationship between awareness and control depends on the ability and the desire to control. This study contributes to the field of algorithmic communication by creating a common understanding of the transparency and control paradigm and thus improves validity of the results. Further, it progresses research on the issue by synthesizing existing studies on the topic, presenting the transparency-awareness-control framework, and formulating propositions to guide future research.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Segijn", "given": "Claire" },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Riegelman", "given": "Amy" },
      { "family": "Hennesy", "given": "Cody" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "segijnLiteratureReviewPersonalization2021",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v9i4.4054",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "page": "120-133",
    "title": "A Literature Review of Personalization Transparency and Control: Introducing the Transparency-Awareness-Control Framework",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "segijnRelatedMultiscreeningStrategy2020",
    "abstract": "The aim of the study was to deepen our understanding of how related multiscreening affects audience memory and persuasion. A survey was administered after a live television show. The results showed that the higher the perceived relatedness of the multi-screen activity, the more persuasive the message. This effect was mediated by subsequent attention to television content, program involvement, and attention to the commercial break. The model was replicated for three different multiscreen activities: social media use, chatting, and information search. Furthermore, it was found that related multiscreening increased the likelihood of respondents staying tuned to the television after the show.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Segijn", "given": "Claire M." },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Voorveld", "given": "Hilde A. M." },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Edith G." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "segijnRelatedMultiscreeningStrategy2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA",
    "DOI": "10.1080/08838151.2020.1718962",
    "ISSN": "0883-8151",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 2, 3]] },
    "page": "41-61",
    "title": "Related Multiscreening as a Strategy to Retain Audiences and Increase Persuasion During a Commercial Break",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "64"
  },
  {
    "id": "sheaferRelativePoliticalValue2014",
    "abstract": "This article applies the homophily thesis to public diplomacy and offers an empirical examination of a country's success in its mediated public diplomacy efforts. It analyzes international frame building, the process of creating or changing media frames in the international communications arena, by applying it to the case of Israeli mediated public diplomacy efforts during the war in Gaza in the winter of 2008-2009. The article claims that one way to use the homophily thesis in empirical analyses of international frame-building campaigns in conflicts is to measure the political and value proximity of a country promoting frames to other countries. Yet, proximity should be measured relatively rather than in absolute terms. Therefore, one should look not only at the dyadic proximity between two actors (i.e., Country A that attempts to promote its frames to Country C), but at the relative proximity between Countries A and C considering the proximity between the rival Country B and the target Country C. The study proposes a model and a method to facilitate empirical analysis of this claim. Using sophisticated computerized content analysis, our analyses demonstrate that relative proximity is related to successful international frame building in the hypothesized direction: The closer the relative proximity between Israel and a foreign country, the greater the acceptance of Israel's views.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Sheafer", "given": "Tamir" },
      { "family": "Shenhav", "given": "Shaul R." },
      { "family": "Takens", "given": "Janet" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "sheaferRelativePoliticalValue2014",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10584609.2013.799107",
    "ISSN": "1058-4609",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014"]] },
    "page": "149-167",
    "title": "Relative Political and Value Proximity in Mediated Public Diplomacy: The Effect of State-Level Homophily on International Frame Building",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "31"
  },
  {
    "id": "simonLinkedDarkNetwork2023",
    "abstract": "Recent studies have shown that the stricter content moderation policies imposed by mainstream social networking sites (SNSs) stimulated the growth of low-moderated but relatively open discussion platforms such as Telegram. Despite Telegram's growing popularity among (deplatformed) digital exiles, and high potential for news dissemination, information consumption, mobilization, and radicalization, little is known about information flows with respect to politically and socially relevant topics within the Telegramsphere. We scrutinize the Telegramsphere as an information-sharing ecosystem of current affairs by uncovering how information flows indicated by content-overlap and shared users influenced the structure of Telegram networks and shaped communities over time. Using state-of-the-art web-mining, neural topic modeling, and social network analysis techniques on a unique data set that spans the full messaging history (N = 2,033,661) of 174 Dutch-language public Telegram chats/channels, we show that over time, conspiracy-themed, far-right activist, and COVID-19-sceptical communities dominated the Dutch Telegramsphere of current affairs. Our findings raise concerns with respect to Telegram's polarization and radicalization capacity in the context of consuming socially and politically relevant information online.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Simon", "given": "Monika" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "simonLinkedDarkNetwork2023",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1369118X.2022.2133549",
    "ISSN": "1369-118X",
    "issue": "15",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 11, 18]] },
    "page": "3056-3080",
    "title": "Linked in the dark: A network approach to understanding information flows within the Dutch Telegramsphere",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "soontjensNotAllParties2023",
    "abstract": "Journalists and news media in Western democracies appear to be under increasing fire for having an alleged partisan bias. This study joins the increasing number of studies on partisan news slant, and focuses on the central actors in the news-making process, namely journalists themselves. Drawing on unique survey evidence on 233 Belgian and Dutch journalists in 2018, this study explores whether and which journalists perceive their news outlets to be biased. Despite their aim to produce impartial coverage, we find that most journalists believe that their news outlet favors some parties over others. In particular, journalists feel that center parties are favored, while parties on the fringes, and especially extreme-right parties, are somewhat disadvantaged. Also, it shows that journalists working for the public broadcaster perceive their outlet to be more impartial than their colleagues working for commercial outlets. Journalists' political leaning does not seem to influence their perceptions of partisan bias, but journalists do feel that their outlet is biased to accommodate its “imagined audience”. For instance, those who perceive their audience as more right-wing than the general public, feel that their medium advantages right-wing parties too.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Soontjens", "given": "Karolin" },
      { "family": "Beckers", "given": "Kathleen" },
      { "family": "Walgrave", "given": "Stefaan" },
      { "family": "Goot", "given": "Emma", "non-dropping-particle": "van der" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "soontjensNotAllParties2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2023.2203780",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "9",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 7, 4]] },
    "page": "1194-1213",
    "title": "Not All Parties are Treated Equally Journalist Perceptions of Partisan News Bias",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "24"
  },
  {
    "id": "sotirakouUnderstandingLinkAudience2021",
    "abstract": "This article aims to explain the perceived quality of online news articles. Discovering which elements of a news story influence readers' perceptions could drive online popularity, which is the paramount factor of digital news readership. This work explores an approach to use tree-based machine learning algorithms to address this problem based on selected characteristics, which measure engagement, drawn from prior research mostly developed by communication scientists. A proposed extended model is used to examine the association between the engagement features and perceived quality concerning all the articles depending mainly on their genre. To demonstrate the capacity of using predictive analytics to facilitate journalistic news writing the proposed methodology is applied on a novel data set with 200K articles in total constructed from a blog site. The results of phase A, indicate interesting correlations between the features and the perceived quality of the articles. In stage B, the paper seeks to extract a set of rules that can be used as guidelines for authors in the writing of their next articles, indicating the probability of popularity that their articles may gain if these rules are taken into consideration.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Sotirakou", "given": "Catherine" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Germanakos", "given": "Panagiotis" },
      { "family": "Sinis", "given": "Dimitrios Alexandros" },
      { "family": "Mourlas", "given": "Constantinos" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "sotirakouUnderstandingLinkAudience2021",
    "container-title": "WEB IN℡LIGENCE",
    "DOI": "10.3233/WEB-210457",
    "ISSN": "2405-6456",
    "issue": "1-2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "page": "63-86",
    "title": "Understanding the link between audience engagement metrics and the perceived quality of online news using machine learning",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "19"
  },
  {
    "id": "starkeNudgingHealthyChoices2021",
    "abstract": "Recipe websites are becoming increasingly popular to support people in their home cooking. However, most of these websites prioritize popular recipes, which tend to be unhealthy. Drawing upon research on visual biases and nudges, this paper investigates whether healthy food choices can be supported in food search by depicting attractive images alongside recipes, as well as by re-ranking search results on health. After modelling the visual attractiveness of recipe images, we asked 239 users to search for specific online recipes and to select those they liked the most. Our analyses revealed that users tended to choose a healthier recipe if a visually attractive image was depicted alongside it, as well as if it was listed at the top of a list of search results. Even though less popular recipes were promoted this way, it did not come at the cost of a user's level of satisfaction.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain D." },
      { "family": "Willemsen", "given": "Martijn C." },
      { "family": "Trattner", "given": "Christoph" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "starkeNudgingHealthyChoices2021",
    "container-title": "FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL IN℡LIGENCE",
    "DOI": "10.3389/frai.2021.621743",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "title": "Nudging Healthy Choices in Food Search Through Visual Attractiveness",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "starkeOnesizefitsallPlatformsApplying2020",
    "abstract": "When analyzing ways in which people save energy, most researchers and policy makers conceptually differentiate between curtailment (e.g. unplugging chargers) and efficiency measures (e.g. installing PV cells). However, such a two-dimensional approach is suboptimal from both a conceptual and policy perspective, as it does not consider individual differences that determine energy-saving behavior. We propose a different, one-dimensional approach, applying Campbell's Paradigm through the Rasch model, in which both curtailment and efficiency measures are intermixed on a single scale and ordered according to their behavioral costs. By matching these behavioral costs to individual energy-saving attitudes, we investigate to what extent attitude-tailored energy-saving advice can help consumers to save energy. We present the results of two studies. The first study (N = 263) reliably calibrated a one-dimensional Rasch scale that consists of 79 energy-saving measures, suitable for advice. The second study employed this scale to investigate how users (N = 196) evaluate attitude-tailored energy-saving advice in a web-based energy recommender system. Results indicate that Rasch-based recommendations can be used to effectively tailor energy-saving advice and that such attitude-tailored advice is more adequate than a number of non-personalized approaches.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain D." },
      { "family": "Willemsen", "given": "Martijn C." },
      { "family": "Snijders", "given": "Chris C. P." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "starkeOnesizefitsallPlatformsApplying2020",
    "container-title": "ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.erss.2019.101311",
    "ISSN": "2214-6296",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 1]] },
    "title": "Beyond “one-size-fits-all” platforms: Applying Campbell's paradigm to test personalized energy advice in the Netherlands",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "59"
  },
  {
    "id": "starkePromotingEnergyEfficientBehavior2021",
    "abstract": "How can recommender interfaces help users to adopt new behaviors? In the behavioral change literature, social norms and other nudges are studied to understand how people can be convinced to take action (e.g., towel re-use is boosted when stating that “75% of hotel guests” do so), but most of these nudges are not personalized. In contrast, recommender systems know what to recommend in a personalized way, but not much human-computer interaction (HCI) research has considered how personalized advice should be presented to help users to change their current habits. We examine the value of depicting normativemessages (e.g., “75% of users do X”), based on actual user data, in a personalized energy recommender interface called “Saving Aid.” In a study among 207 smart thermostat owners, we compared three different normative explanations (”Global.” “Similar,” and “Experienced” norm rates) to a non-social baseline (”kWh savings”). Although none of the norms increased the total number of chosen measures directly, we show that depicting high peer adoption rates alongside energy-saving measures increased the likelihood that they would be chosen from a list of recommendations. In addition, we show that depicting social norms positively affects a user's evaluation of a recommender interface.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain" },
      { "family": "Willemsen", "given": "Martijn" },
      { "family": "Snijders", "given": "Chris" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "starkePromotingEnergyEfficientBehavior2021",
    "container-title": "ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERACTIVE IN℡LIGENT SYSTEMS",
    "DOI": "10.1145/3460005",
    "ISSN": "2160-6455",
    "issue": "3-4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 8]] },
    "title": "Promoting Energy-Efficient Behavior by Depicting Social Norms in a Recommender Interface",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "11"
  },
  {
    "id": "starkeTellMeWhy2023",
    "abstract": "Users of online recipe websites tend to prefer unhealthy foods. Their popularity undermines the healthiness of traditional food recommender systems, as many users lack nutritional knowledge to make informed food decisions. Moreover, the presented information is often unrelated to nutrition or difficult to understand. To alleviate this, we present a methodology to generate natural language justifications that emphasize the nutritional content, health risks, or benefits of recommended recipes. Our framework takes a user and two recipes as input and produces an automatically generated natural language justification as output, based on the user's characteristics and the recipes' features, following a knowledge-based recommendation approach. We evaluated our methodology in two crowdsourcing studies. In Study 1 (N =502), we compared user food choices for two personalized recommendation approaches, based on either a (1) single-style justification or (2) comparative justification was shown, using a no justification baseline. The recommendations were either popularity-based or health-aware, the latter based on the health and nutritional needs of the user. We found that comparative justification styles were effective in supporting choices for our health-aware recommendations, confirming the impact of our methodology on food choices. In Study 2 (N = 504), we used the same methodology to compare the effectiveness of eight different comparative justification strategies. We presented pairs of recipes twice to users: once without and once with a pairwise justification. Results indicated that justifications led to significantly healthier choices for first course meals, while strategies that compared food features and emphasized health risks, benefits, and a user's lifestyle were most effective, catering to health-related choice motivations.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain D." },
      { "family": "Musto", "given": "Cataldo" },
      { "family": "Rapp", "given": "Amon" },
      { "family": "Semeraro", "given": "Giovanni" },
      { "family": "Trattner", "given": "Christoph" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "starkeTellMeWhy2023",
    "container-title": "USER MODELING AND USER-ADAPTED INTERACTION",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s11257-023-09377-8",
    "ISSN": "0924-1868",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10, 24]] },
    "title": "“Tell Me Why”: using natural language justifications in a recipe recommender system to support healthier food choices",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "stolwijkAllGameEffects2021",
    "abstract": "Opinion polls form an important part of modern election coverage but might also shape amount and tone of other subsequent coverage about political parties. We propose to use and elaborate on Patterson's generic storylines to help account for different findings in prior research, by pointing to the importance of race context. A manual content analysis (N = 3755) of the 2013 German Bundestag election campaign is used to empirically test our framework, using a multilevel model that separates effects of 36 polls on coverage of five different parties in 11 different outlets. Results show that the amount of party coverage for the front runner party increased after drops in its ratings, and the challenger party received more negative coverage after increases in its poll ratings. Media coverage did not follow a bandwagon trend but played an independent and counteracting role within the election campaign.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Stolwijk", "given": "Sjoerd B." },
      { "family": "Schuck", "given": "Andreas R. T." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "stolwijkAllGameEffects2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884919857347",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "9",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 9]] },
    "page": "2297-2312",
    "title": "All in the game: Effects of opinion polls on party coverage in the 2013 German election campaign",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "stolwijkHowAnxietyEnthusiasm2017",
    "abstract": "This study investigates the role of emotions in the (bandwagon) effect of opinion polls on vote choice. It combines a media content analysis of poll reporting (N = 2,772) on an individual basis with a two wave panel survey (N = 1,064) during the 2013 German Bundestag election campaign. Results show that anxiety and enthusiasm mediate the effect of poll exposure on vote choice. Furthermore, the effect of polls on vote choice is found to be a consequence of how these polls are presented in the media. Polls are more than neutral interim campaign statistics, as they influence vote choice, and do so partly because of the emotions they evoke.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Stolwijk", "given": "Sjoerd B." },
      { "family": "Schuck", "given": "Andreas R. T." },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "stolwijkHowAnxietyEnthusiasm2017",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/ijpor/edw018",
    "ISSN": "0954-2892",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "554-574",
    "title": "How Anxiety and Enthusiasm Help Explain the Bandwagon Effect",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "29"
  },
  {
    "id": "stolwijkMoreInterestInterest2019",
    "abstract": "Turnout in second-order elections, like those for the European Parliament, is notoriously low, especially among younger voters. This study compares five pathways in which exposure to poll coverage can affect turnout: bandwagon voting, strategic turnout, increased information efficacy, campaign cynicism and perceived electoral importance. The mediation analyses are combined with Covariate Balancing Propensity Score matching to better account for selection effects. Analyses of a four-wave panel survey of young voters (N = 747) in the 2014 European Parliament Election show that exposure to polls in election coverage predominantly stimulates interest and turnout among young voters. This is in line with the perspective that poll coverage increases perceived electoral importance. Poll coverage can thus play a beneficial role in activating the potential among young voters to engage with (second-order) elections.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Stolwijk", "given": "Sjoerd B." },
      { "family": "Schuck", "given": "Andreas R. T." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "stolwijkMoreInterestInterest2019",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN UNION POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1465116519837351",
    "ISSN": "1465-1165",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 9]] },
    "page": "341-360",
    "title": "More interest in interest: Does poll coverage help or hurt efforts to make more young voters show up at the ballot box?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "20"
  },
  {
    "id": "stolwijkPoliticiansRepresentativenessHeuristic2021",
    "abstract": "Do politicians use the representativeness heuristic when making judgements, that is, when they appraise the likelihood or frequency of an outcome that is unknown or unknowable? Heuristics are cognitive shortcuts that facilitate judgements and decision making. Oftentimes, heuristics are useful, but they may also lead to systematic biases that can be detrimental for decision making in a representative democracy. Thus far, we lack experimental evidence on whether politicians use the representativeness heuristic. To contribute to and extend the existing literature, we develop and conduct a survey experiment with as main participants Dutch elected local politicians from the larger municipalities (n = 211). This survey experiment examines whether politician participants display two decision-making biases related to the representativeness heuristic: the conjunction error and scope neglect. We also run the experiment with a student sample (n = 260), mainly to validate the experimental design. Our findings show that politician participants neglect scope in one scenario and that they display the conjunction error in two of three scenarios. These results suggest that politician participants use the representativeness heuristic. Conversely, our third conjunction error scenario does not find evidence for politician participants displaying this bias. As we discuss in the article, the latter may be an artifact of our experimental design. Overall, our findings contribute fundamentally to our understanding of how politicians process information and how this influences their judgements and decision making.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Stolwijk", "given": "Sjoerd" },
      { "family": "Vis", "given": "Barbara" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "stolwijkPoliticiansRepresentativenessHeuristic2021",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s11109-020-09594-6",
    "ISSN": "0190-9320",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 12]] },
    "page": "1411-1432",
    "title": "Politicians, the Representativeness Heuristic and Decision-Making Biases",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "43"
  },
  {
    "id": "straussNewsMediaCoverage2017",
    "abstract": "Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships of news media coverage and the performance of initial public offerings (IPOs) in Germany. The aim is to find out how media attention, media sentiment, corporate information, and recency of news are related to the flotation performance of firms that go public. Design/methodology/approach-50 IPOs that went public in Germany between January 2011 and December 2015 were investigated. In total, 3,644 German speaking articles dealing with the IPOs were manually analyzed. Hierarchical OLS regressions were performed to find out how news media variables relate with the flotation performance of German IPOs (cf. underpricing, share price percentage gain after second day of trading). It was furthermore distinguished between news media coverage six days prior to the IPO and coverage on the day of the IPO itself. Findings-While more media attention devoted to the IPOs on the day of their flotation might lead to a share price percentage gain after the second day of trading, negativity in the news media and information about new products and products of the IPO firm might be negatively related with their flotation performance. However, information about the strategy change of the IPO firms seems to be positively related with the underpricing of IPOs. Furthermore, news media coverage on the day of the IPO itself seems to be more influential for the flotation performance with regard to negative sentiment and information about new products. Practical implications-Financial communication professionals should manage media representations of IPO firms before and on the day of the IPO itself. In this vein, negative media coverage should be prevented and information about new products and products of the IPO firm should be considered with caution. Instead, talking about the strategy of the IPO firm might be advantageous for the flotation performance. Originality/value-This study evolved from a lack of empirical research on the interrelationships between news media and stock market prices in communication science, particularly with regard to IPOs. The study contributes to previous research in paying attention to corporate information and the recency of news when trying to explain IPO performances. The findings of this study provide implications for strategic financial communication and the role of managing news media of firms that go public.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strauss", "given": "Nadine" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "straussNewsMediaCoverage2017",
    "container-title": "CORPORATE COMMUNICATIONS",
    "DOI": "10.1108/CCIJ-04-2017-0028",
    "ISSN": "1356-3289",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "523-541",
    "title": "News media coverage and initial public offerings in Germany: explaining flotation performance",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "22"
  },
  {
    "id": "strikovicAppealsPeopleContent2023",
    "abstract": "Political representation lies at the heart of representative democracy. In order to signal their connection to the people they are representing, politicians often refer to “the people.” In this study, we focus on how politicians refer to the people and how this varies across three main platforms of communication differing in access and formality: news media, social media, and the parliament. Through an in-depth content analysis of news articles, politicians' social media posts and parliamentary speeches (N = 1668), we examine how Dutch politicians address the people in terms of “advocacy” for the people and in “opposition” to other actors; which politicians most commonly refer to the people; which communication platforms are predominantly used for this, and whether these references to the people vary across time. We find that references to the people did not differ between election and non-election years. Yet, parties and communication platform both play important roles: references to the people manifest themselves more frequently in social media and in communication from politicians from parties on the left as well as those scoring higher on the populism scale. We also find that there is little variation in advocative references to the people, while communication that includes oppositional references is more prominent among populist actors and those positioned on the political left.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strikovic", "given": "Edina" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" },
      { "family": "Bos", "given": "Linda" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strikovicAppealsPeopleContent2023",
    "container-title": "INFORMATION SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/01972243.2023.2210133",
    "ISSN": "0197-2243",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 8, 8]] },
    "page": "236-249",
    "title": "Appeals to the people: A content analysis of references to the people in traditional media, social media, and parliamentary materials",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "39"
  },
  {
    "id": "strikovicBehalfPeopleUse2020",
    "abstract": "This study investigates the role of public opinion for members of parliaments (MPs) in a time in which communication about the will of “the People” is high on the political agenda. By means of face-to-face elite interviews with Dutch MPs, we explore who politicians perceive as “the People,” how they assess “the will of the People,” and how this translates into their communication strategies. We find that MPs distinguish between listening to individual opinion, to understand what topics are at the forefront of “the People's” minds, and taking political action considering a more general public. MPs are divided in their acceptance of the term “the People”-some find it useful, while others voice concerns over its antipluralistic implications. We find evidence of populist communication strategies in the form of references to public opinion across the political spectrum. Political communication is used for political marketing and to connect to the electorate. We conclude that Dutch MPs are not becoming more populist across the political spectrum, but rather that there is a tendency toward personalization and authenticity in political communication, which makes “normal” political communication appear more populist.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strikovic", "given": "Edina" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Goot", "given": "Emma", "non-dropping-particle": "van der" },
      { "family": "Bos", "given": "Linda" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strikovicBehalfPeopleUse2020",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1940161219864297",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 1]] },
    "page": "135-157",
    "title": "On Behalf of the People: The Use of Public Opinion and the Perception of “the People” in Political Communication Strategies of Dutch MPs",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "25"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzContrastingPerspectivesPractitioner2019",
    "abstract": "Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into personalisation from a practitioner's perspective to bridge the practitioner-academia gap and steer the research agenda. A wide scope of research has investigated personalisation from a consumer perspective. The current study aims at bridging the consumer and practitioner perspective by entering into a dialogue about the practical application of personalisation. It takes the personalisation process model by Vesanen and Raulas (2006) as the starting point. Design/methodology/approach Lead by the exploratory character of the study, semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with marketers, market researchers and online privacy specialists. Findings The results showcase how practitioners view the issues present in consumer research. First, they are overly positive about personalisation. Second, they are aware of constraining factors; findings showcase best practices to mitigate them. Finally, practitioners are aware of controversies surrounding personalisation and thus engage in ethical discussions on personalisation. Research limitations/implications This study shows that practitioners have somewhat different believes about the utility and appreciation of personalised marketing practices than consumers. It also shows awareness of some of the key concerns of consumers, and that such awareness translates into organisational and technological solutions that can even go beyond what is currently mandated by law. Six insights into personalised marketing as well as expectations for the future of the phenomenon are discussed to steer the research agenda. Practical implications Insights into the practice of personalisation contribute to a shared understanding of this phenomenon between involved actors, such as marketers, advertisers, and consumer representatives. In addition, implications for lawmakers are discussed, suggesting that the implementation of privacy laws needs more clarity and that actions aiming at improving consumer knowledge are needed. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature first, by drafting a descriptive map of personalisation from a practitioners' perspective and contrasting it with the perspective stemming from consumer research and, second, by offering insights into the current developments and direct implications for practice and future research.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Noort", "given": "Guda", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Edith" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strycharzContrastingPerspectivesPractitioner2019",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MARKETING",
    "DOI": "10.1108/EJM-11-2017-0896",
    "ISSN": "0309-0566",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "635-660",
    "title": "Contrasting perspectives - practitioner's viewpoint on personalised marketing communication",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "53"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzEthicalSideeffectDataveillance2024",
    "abstract": "Technological advancements have resulted in the availability and usage of consumer data for digital advertising. This so-called reality of dataveillance may result in unintended ethical side-effects, such as chilling effects that involve self-regulation of media usage as a response to surveillance practices. The current study utilizes a twostep approach with a cross-national survey (N = 334) and an online experiment (N = 536), to study how different data collection methods for digital advertising (i.e., online profiling, watermarking), regulatory cross-country contexts (i.e., U.S., the Netherlands), and boundary effects (i.e., trust, privacy concerns) result in chilling effects. We found that chilling effects are context-dependent as they are mostly driven by watermarking and are more prevalent in the U.S. than in the Netherlands. These findings show that chilling effects are one of the possible side-effects of digital advertising. Cross-country differences show the importance of the cultural context and regulatory regime for consumer behavior.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Segijn", "given": "Claire M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strycharzEthicalSideeffectDataveillance2024",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114490",
    "ISSN": "0148-2963",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2024", 2]] },
    "title": "Ethical side-effect of dataveillance in advertising: Impact of data collection, trust, privacy concerns and regulatory differences on chilling effects",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "173"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzExploitationVulnerabilityPersonalised2021",
    "abstract": "While data-driven personalisation strategies in marketing offer consumers several benefits, they potentially also create new disparities and vulnerabilities in society, and in individuals. This article explores in what ways application of so-called personalised marketing communication may lead to exploitation of vulnerability of consumers and builds on empirical findings on the issue by investigating if consumers are protected against such vulnerabilities under EU consumer protection law. We show a number of ways in which personalisation may lead to exploitation of internal and external vulnerabilities and that EU consumer law contains significant barriers to effectively address such exploitation.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Duivenvoorde", "given": "Bram" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strycharzExploitationVulnerabilityPersonalised2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNET POLICY REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.14763/2021.4.1585",
    "ISSN": "2197-6775",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "title": "The exploitation of vulnerability through personalised marketing communication: are consumers protected?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "10"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzFutureDataveillanceAdvertising2022",
    "abstract": "Technological developments have changed the advertising landscape by extending the possibilities to collect, process, and share consumer data to optimize advertising. These developments have made data collection and consequently dataveillance-the automated, continuous, and sometimes unspecific collection, storage, and processing of digital traces-central concepts for advertising scholarship and practice. Studying the impact of consumers' perceptions of dataveillance is important as perceptions about data collection practices have been shown to diminish the effects of data-driven advertising. This article advances advertising theory by conceptualizing the impact of consumers' perceptions of dataveillance in digital data-driven advertising and applying long-standing advertising research theories to this new phenomenon to provide an overarching framework for future research. The current work presents the dataveillance effects in advertising landscape (DEAL) framework, with specific research directions for future research. This framework has practical implications as it shows how false or accurate beliefs about dataveillance impact consumer responses to digital data-driven advertising. Advertisers may adapt to ensure that digital data-driven advertising does not result in backlash or raise ethical questions. Finally, the framework has implications for privacy regulations, as consumer understanding of data collection is a core issue in current regulatory approaches to dataveillance.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Segijn", "given": "Claire M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strycharzFutureDataveillanceAdvertising2022",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/00913367.2022.2109781",
    "ISSN": "0091-3367",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 10, 20]] },
    "page": "574-591",
    "title": "The Future of Dataveillance in Advertising Theory and Practice",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "51"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzNoCookiesEmpowering2021",
    "abstract": "The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) introduced in 2018 in the EU aims to give consumers a high degree of control over their data online in order to allow them to protect their privacy. It also puts high transparency requirements for websites that collect and process data. In fact, consumers have to be informed about technical and legal aspects of data collection; this knowledge should empower them to consciously give or withdraw their consent for data collection. The current study investigates the empowering impact of technical and legal knowledge about online data collection within the theoretical framework of the Protection Motivation Theory, the Regulatory Focus Theory, and contextual integrity. An online experiment in which participants are exposed to a technical or legal knowledge intervention in either commercial or news website context shows that receiving both kinds of information leads to lower threat appraisal. At the same time, having legal knowledge empowers consumers: it positively impacts their coping appraisal and motivation to reject online data collection. The study findings raise questions about the current transparency requirements about data collection and highlight the importance of legal knowledge as well as law enforcement for online privacy protection of consumers.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Edith" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Noort", "given": "Guda", "non-dropping-particle": "van" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strycharzNoCookiesEmpowering2021",
    "container-title": "COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2021.106750",
    "ISSN": "0747-5632",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 7]] },
    "title": "No to cookies: Empowering impact of technical and legal knowledge on rejecting tracking cookies",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "120"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzPersonalizedMarketingCommunication2020",
    "abstract": "Digitization gives companies access to a wide range of consumer data. Based on these data, communication can be adapted to the personal characteristics, interests and behavior of consumers. This phenomenon, called `personalized marketing communication' (PMC) offers companies many new possibilities to reach consumers. This article describes PMC through the perspectives of three actors central to this phenomenon, namely consumers, the industry and regulators. Technological development and ethical concerns are presented as factors that have influenced development of PMC in the past and will shape its future. Further, the power relations between the three actors are discussed, presenting the industry as the most powerful-actor in the context of this phenomenon. Finally, research agenda and practical implications are presented.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" }],
    "citation-key": "strycharzPersonalizedMarketingCommunication2020",
    "container-title": "TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAP",
    "ISSN": "1384-6930",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "186+",
    "title": "Personalized marketing communication in context. Perspectives of consumers, industry and regulators on the personalization landscape",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "48"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzProtectiveBehaviorPersonalized2019",
    "abstract": "Data collection and processing for personalized advertising has become a common practice in the industry. For this reason, regulators have been aiming to empower consumers to exercise more control over their data. Companies that collect and process data for personalized advertising are required to be transparent and among others, provide consumers with technical knowledge about the personalization process. At the same time, they have started offering settings to withdraw consent for processing data for personalization purposes by opting out from personalized advertising. However, such opt-out functions remain mostly unused. Thus, this study investigates first, if technical knowledge about personalization empowers consumers to use such opt-out functions and second, what mechanisms can explain the empowering impact of knowledge. Drawing on Rogers' (1975) protection motivation theory (PMT) and applying an innovative combination of traditional (online experiment, N = 425, M-age = 48) and computational (online behavior tracking, N = 80, M-age = 48) research methods, the study shows that technical knowledge has no empowering effect on consumers by indirectly lowering opt-out motivation and behavior. The results also demonstrate that perceived severity and response efficacy increase motivation to opt-out, while positive attitude towards personalization and perceived self-efficacy lower it. Being one of the first studies to apply PMT to personalization context and computational methods to measure opt-out, it offers several important societal and theoretical implications regarding consumer empowerment and personalized advertising online.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Noort", "given": "Guda", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Smit", "given": "Edith" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strycharzProtectiveBehaviorPersonalized2019",
    "container-title": "CYBERPSYCHOLOGY-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOCIAL RESEARCH ON CYBERSPACE",
    "DOI": "10.5817/CP2019-2-1",
    "ISSN": "1802-7962",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "title": "Protective Behavior Against Personalized Ads: Motivation to Turn Personalization Off",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "13"
  },
  {
    "id": "strycharzWhyPeopleWould2022",
    "abstract": "Companies collect and process media users' personal data for automated decision-making or personalized communication. When individuals perceive corporate surveillance, it could contribute to their self-censorship practices, such as using less media or using media differently. This study aims to understand why people decide to self-regulate their media use, which is important from the perspective of control that individuals have over data collection. Therefore, we studied what would motivate individuals to change their media-related behavior in response to perceived corporate surveillance, focusing on cross-country and generational differences. This study employed a combination of a thought-listing exercise conducted in the Netherlands (N = 300) and a cross-sectional survey in the United States (N = 148) and the Netherlands (N = 156) in which respondents were presented with a scenario regarding corporate surveillance and asked about their motivations (not) to change their media use. The studies showed that privacy was a more important motivation for the intent to change media use in the United States, while in the Netherlands people were less motivated to change due to seeing less potential harm of corporate surveillance. The results could be explained by cultural differences or differences in legal protection. Finally, older people saw less threats and were less able to protect themselves, while younger individuals were not motivated to make changes to their media use because of mobile device dependency. This indicates that while more is needed to help people make informed decisions, empowerment measures should be adjusted to different generations and locations.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Kim", "given": "Eunah" },
      { "family": "Segijn", "given": "Claire M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "strycharzWhyPeopleWould2022",
    "container-title": "℡EMATICS AND INFORMATICS",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.tele.2022.101838",
    "ISSN": "0736-5853",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 7]] },
    "title": "Why people would (not) change their media use in response to perceived corporate surveillance",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "71"
  },
  {
    "id": "suarezCommunityFoundationsAdvocates2018",
    "abstract": "Foundations are much more than disinterested philanthropic institutions that award grants to service-providing nonprofits. Foundations are political actors that seek to produce social change, not only by donating resources to nonprofits that promote causes but also by supporting policy reform in a more direct manner. We investigate engagement in advocacy among community foundations in the USA, which we define as the effort to influence public policy by proposing or endorsing ideas and by mobilizing stakeholders for social change. Drawing primarily on organizational sociology, we posit that the environmental context in which community foundations are situated and particular structural characteristics or operational features of community foundations (institutional logics, identity and embeddedness, and managerialism) will be associated with advocacy. We utilize machine learning techniques to establish an outcome measure of advocacy discourse on community foundation websites and ordinary least squares regression to model that outcome with a cross-sectional dataset compiled from multiple sources. We find considerable support for our conceptual frame, and we conclude by offering an agenda for future research on foundations as interest groups.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Suarez", "given": "David F." },
      { "family": "Husted", "given": "Kelly" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "suarezCommunityFoundationsAdvocates2018",
    "container-title": "INTEREST GROUPS & ADVOCACY",
    "DOI": "10.1057/s41309-018-0039-z",
    "ISSN": "2047-7422",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 10]] },
    "page": "206-232",
    "title": "Community foundations as advocates: social change discourse in the philanthropic sector",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "takensMediaLogicElection2013",
    "abstract": "The media logic thesis holds that the content of political news is the product of news values and format requirements that media make use of to attract news consumers. This study tests whether three content characteristics - personalized, contest and negative coverage - manifest a single media logic by analysing whether they co-vary over time. It also tests the implicit assumption underlying the media logic thesis that media adhere to a single media logic as one institution. A semantic network analysis measured the degree to which television and newspaper coverage of five Dutch national election campaigns (1998-2010) contained the three content characteristics. The study shows that personalized, contest and negative coverage form three indicators of a single logic that is shared by different media. Since the turn of the century, Dutch political news has simultaneously become decreasingly personalized, less focused on the contest and less negative.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Takens", "given": "Janet" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Hoof", "given": "Anita", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "takensMediaLogicElection2013",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0267323113478522",
    "ISSN": "0267-3231",
    "issue": "3, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2013", 6]] },
    "page": "277-293",
    "title": "Media logic in election campaign coverage",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "28"
  },
  {
    "id": "takensPartyLeadersMedia2015",
    "abstract": "The prominence of party leaders in the media is one of the presumed causes of leader effects (i.e., the influence of party leader evaluation on the voting decision). Yet there is scant knowledge of the relationship between attention for party leaders in the news and the weight of party leader evaluations in the voting decision. This study fills this research gap by examining the effect of exposure to personalized coverage on the weight of party leader evaluations in the voting decision. Based on priming theory, exposure to personalized coverage is expected to make voters weigh leader evaluations more heavily in their vote decision. The study is based on a content analysis of the coverage of the 2010 Dutch election campaign and an 11-wave panel survey. Therewith the hypotheses are tested in a dynamic natural media environment. The analyses demonstrate that leader effects do occur. Voters use leader evaluations in their voting decision, even when controlling for the lagged vote, party evaluations, and issue agreement. Our data also support the hypothesis that personalized media coverage primes personalized voting behavior, even when controlling for learning and projection. Voters weigh leader evaluations more heavily in their vote decision and party evaluations and issue agreement less heavily when they are exposed to more personalized coverage.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Takens", "given": "Janet" },
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      { "family": "Van Hoof", "given": "Anita" },
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "takensPartyLeadersMedia2015",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10584609.2014.944319",
    "ISSN": "1058-4609",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2015", 4, 3]] },
    "page": "249-267",
    "title": "Party Leaders in the Media and Voting Behavior: Priming Rather Than Learning or Projection",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "32"
  },
  {
    "id": "teutschPrivacyMediatedNonmediated2018",
    "abstract": "New communication media such as social networking sites (SNSs) and instant messengers (IMs) challenge users' privacy perceptions. Technical infrastructures and the flow of digital information lead to novel privacy risks that individuals are often not acquainted with. Users' subjective perceptions of privacy may thus be flawed and lead to irrational behavior. In this work, we investigated a concept that has been addressed only implicitly in academic research on privacy: the user's subjective perception of a given level of privacy. We examined the literature on how privacy perceptions have been conceptualized in traditional theories of privacy and how these conceptualizations are challenged in social media communication. We first qualitatively explored laypeople's privacy concepts and investigated their subjective perceptions of privacy levels and subsequent private disclosures in different mediated and nonmediated communication settings. Interviews with N = 33 Germans revealed that, similar to academic privacy theories, they tend to conceptualize privacy as control over social, physical, and psychological boundaries. However, trust and other-dependent privacy emerged as important novel aspects for understanding privacy regulation in online communication. We further found that individuals consistently perceived a high level of privacy in face-to-face situations and a low level of privacy in public communication on SNSs. With regard to IMs, however, their answers were mixed: Uncertainty regarding digital communication properties and audiences as well as limited control over the communication setting prevented a reliable and shared perception of the privacy level. With regard to privacy behavior and private disclosures, we found that people tend to adapt their sharing of private information to the perceived level of privacy.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Teutsch", "given": "Doris" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Trepte", "given": "Sabine" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "teutschPrivacyMediatedNonmediated2018",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL MEDIA + SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/2056305118767134",
    "ISSN": "2056-3051",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 4, 6]] },
    "title": "Privacy in Mediated and Nonmediated Interpersonal Communication: How Subjective Concepts and Situational Perceptions Influence Behaviors",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "thomasHowCaptureReciprocal2021",
    "abstract": "Choosing an appropriate statistical model to analyze reciprocal relations between individuals' attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors over time can be challenging. Often, decisions for or against specific models are rather implicit and it remains unclear whether the statistical approach fits the theory of interest. For longitudinal models, this is problematic since within- and between-person processes can be confounded leading to wrong conclusions. Taking the perspective of the reinforcing spirals model (RSM) focusing on media effects and selection, we compare six statistical models that were recently used to analyze the RSM and show their ability to separate within- and between-person components. Using empirical data capturing respondents' development during adolescence, we show that results vary across statistical models. Further, Monte Carlo simulations indicate that some approaches might lead to wrong conclusions if specific communication dynamics are present. In sum, we recommend using approaches that explicitly model and clearly separate within- and between-person effects.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Thomas", "given": "Fabian" },
      { "family": "Shehata", "given": "Adam" },
      { "family": "Otto", "given": "Lukas P." },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Prestele", "given": "Elisabeth" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "thomasHowCaptureReciprocal2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/joc/jqab003",
    "ISSN": "0021-9916",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 4]] },
    "page": "187-219",
    "title": "How to Capture Reciprocal Communication Dynamics: Comparing Longitudinal Statistical Approaches in Order to Analyze Within- and Between-Person Effects",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "71"
  },
  {
    "id": "thurmanMYFRIENDSEDITORS2019",
    "abstract": "Prompted by the ongoing development of content personalization by social networks and mainstream news brands, and recent debates about balancing algorithmic and editorial selection, this study explores what audiences think about news selection mechanisms and why. Analysing data from a 26-country survey (N = 53,314), we report the extent to which audiences believe story selection by editors and story selection by algorithms are good ways to get news online and, using multi-level models, explore the relationships that exist between individuals' characteristics and those beliefs. The results show that, collectively, audiences believe algorithmic selection guided by a user's past consumption behaviour is a better way to get news than editorial curation. There are, however, significant variations in these beliefs at the individual level. Age, trust in news, concerns about privacy, mobile news access, paying for news, and six other variables had effects. Our results are partly in line with current general theory on algorithmic appreciation, but diverge in our findings on the relative appreciation of algorithms and experts, and in how the appreciation of algorithms can differ according to the data that drive them. We believe this divergence is partly due to our study's focus on news, showing algorithmic appreciation has context-specific characteristics.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Thurman", "given": "Neil" },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "thurmanMYFRIENDSEDITORS2019",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2018.1493936",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "447-469",
    "title": "MY FRIENDS, EDITORS, ALGORITHMS, AND I Examining audience attitudes to news selection",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "trepteMutualFriendsSocial2018",
    "abstract": "In the present study, we investigated long-term effects of self-disclosure on social support in face-to-face and instant messenger (IM) communication between mutual friends. Using a representative sample of 583 German IM users, we explored whether self-disclosure and positive experiences with regard to social support would dynamically interact in the form of a reinforcing spiral across three measurement occasions. If mutual friends self-disclose today, will they receive more social support 6months later? In turn, will this affect their willingness to self-disclose another 6months later? We further analyzed spill-over effects from face-to-face to IM communication and vice versa. We found that self-disclosure predicted social support and vice versa in IM communication, but not in face-to-face communication. In light of these results, the impact of IM communication on how individuals maneuver friendships through the interplay between self-disclosure and social support are discussed.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trepte", "given": "Sabine" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." },
      { "family": "Scharkow", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trepteMutualFriendsSocial2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/00224545.2017.1398707",
    "ISSN": "0022-4545",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "430-445",
    "title": "Mutual friends' social support and self-disclosure in face-to-face and instant messenger communication",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "158"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingArticleTopicNews2020",
    "abstract": "When comparing media coverage or analysing which content people are exposed to, researchers need to abstract from individual articles. At the same time, aggregating them into broad topics or issues often is too coarse and loses nuance. Both theoretically and methodologically, the analysis of an appropriate intermediate level of aggregation is underdeveloped. This article advances research in various areas of journalism studies by developing a theoretical argument for introducing the “news event” as a level of analysis. Based on this, we discuss several computational approaches to empirically detect such news events in large corpora of news coverage in an unsupervised manner. We provide two approaches: One based on traditional tf center dot idf based cosine similarities, and one that relies on word embeddings, in particular the softcosine measure. Both methods, combined with a network clustering algorithm, perform very well in detecting news events. We apply this method in a case study of 45k news articles from different outlets, in which we show that different news outlets have distinct profiles in the events they cover.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Hoof", "given": "Marieke", "non-dropping-particle": "van" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingArticleTopicNews2020",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2020.1839352",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11, 25]] },
    "page": "1317-1337",
    "title": "Between Article and Topic: News Events as Level of Analysis and Their Computational Identification",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingAutomatedAnalysisDutch2018",
    "abstract": "While automated methods of content analysis are increasingly popular in today's communication research, these methods have hardly been adopted by communication scholars studying texts in Dutch. This essay offers an overview of the possibilities and current limitations of automated text analysis approaches in the context of the Dutch language. Particularly in dictionary-based approaches, research is far less prolific as research on the English language. We divide the most common types of content-analytical research questions into three categories: 1) research problems for which automated methods ought to be used, 2) research problems for which automated methods could be used, and 3) research problems for which automated methods (currently) cannot be used. Finally, we give suggestions for the advancement of automated text analysis approaches for Dutch texts.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Boumans", "given": "Jelle" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingAutomatedAnalysisDutch2018",
    "container-title": "TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAP",
    "ISSN": "1384-6930",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "5+",
    "title": "Automated analysis of Dutch language-based texts. An overview and research agenda",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "46"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingCHALLENGINGSELECTIVEEXPOSURE2015",
    "abstract": "Today's online news environment has made it easy to select outlets covering the topics one is interested in and the political viewpoints one shares. Previous research often examined either the diversity of news content or the audience's choices. This study of online news use in Austria does both to assess audience selectivity systematically. It first investigates the topics and bias of news sites based on a content analysis (N = 2069), before survey data (N = 2829) are used to investigate how far online news users select outlets that match their preferences. Content differences exist to some extent, but people hardly match them with their personal preferences. We conclude that, across the population, there is a substantive interest in general-interest digital journalism. In contrast to what selective exposure research suggests, factors other than interests and orientation might guide the choice for a specific news site.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Schoenbach", "given": "Klaus" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingCHALLENGINGSELECTIVEEXPOSURE2015",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2014.899749",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2015"]] },
    "page": "140-157",
    "title": "CHALLENGING SELECTIVE EXPOSURE Do online news users choose sites that match their interests and preferences?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "3"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingDriversNewsSharing2023",
    "abstract": "What makes people share political news on Facebook? Prior studies have identified how different features predict audiences' likelihood to share news on social media - the so-called shareworthiness of news. However, we still know very little about the relative contributions of these different features for predicting why people decide to share news. We extend the literature by using an experimental design that can compare the relative importance of several key features that contribute to shaping citizens' sharing decisions: a conjoint experimental design. We use an identical layout to Facebook and a probability sample of Norwegian citizens. We find that particularly content characteristics are important, and that popularity cues and message congruence is conditional on some user characteristics such as age.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Knudsen", "given": "Erik" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingDriversNewsSharing2023",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2023.2255224",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 9, 5]] },
    "title": "Drivers of News Sharing: How Context, Content, and User Features Shape Sharing Decisions on Facebook",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingIncivilityDemocraticDebate2016",
    "abstract": "Reader comments below online news articles can act as a platform for public discourse, but at the same time are prone to incivil behaviour. While some have argued that anonymity increases incivility, others think that anonymity increases the debate quality. In a multilevel design, we compare 1544 comments that were placed either on NUjij, the commenting platform of the Dutch news site NU.nl, or beneath the same articles on Facebook. We find that the anonymous platform NUjij does not feature more incivility. In contrast, the quality of the debate seems to be higher. A possible explanation might be the structure of both platforms: by default, Facebook does not show all previous comments in chronological order, which makes it more difficult to have a coherent discussion.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Bos", "given": "Linda" },
      {
        "family": "Rensburg",
        "given": "Lara Janse",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      {
        "family": "Groot",
        "given": "Maarten Sebastiaan",
        "non-dropping-particle": "de"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingIncivilityDemocraticDebate2016",
    "container-title": "TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAP",
    "ISSN": "1384-6930",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016"]] },
    "page": "210+",
    "title": "Incivility and democratic debate in online comments on different platforms",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "44"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingInvestigatingPeopleNews2015",
    "abstract": "The question how offline media use is related to online media use has been heavily debated in the last decades. If they are functionally equivalent, then advantages like low costs, rapid publication cycles, and easy access to online news could lead to them displacing offline news. Data from a large-scale survey with detailed questions about media use in the Netherlands show that, interestingly, the functions that online and offline media are used for are often the same: Those who use online media to gain a broad overview of the news, for fast updates, or for background information use offline media for the same purpose. There are some differences, though: For many citizens, the need of a broad overview of the news seems to be fulfilled by repertoires consisting of several outlets of different types, while they seem to have favorite specific outlets for news updates or background information, respectively. This suggests that outlets can especially focus on the latter two functions to distinguish themselves.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Schoenbach", "given": "Klaus" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingInvestigatingPeopleNews2015",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2014-0028",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2015", 3]] },
    "page": "67-91",
    "title": "Investigating people's news diets: How online users use offline news",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingNewsworthinessShareworthinessHow2017",
    "abstract": "People increasingly visit online news sites not directly, but by following links on social network sites. Drawing on news value theory and integrating theories about online identities and self-representation, we develop a concept of shareworthiness, with which we seek to understand how the number of shares an article receives on such sites can be predicted. Findings suggest that traditional criteria of newsworthiness indeed play a role in predicting the number of shares, and that further development of a theory of shareworthiness based on the foundations of newsworthiness can offer fruitful insights in news dissemination processes.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Tolochko", "given": "Petro" },
      { "family": "Burscher", "given": "Bjorn" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingNewsworthinessShareworthinessHow2017",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM & MASS COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1077699016654682",
    "ISSN": "1077-6990",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 3]] },
    "page": "38-60",
    "title": "From Newsworthiness to Shareworthiness: How to Predict News Sharing Based on Article Characteristics",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "94"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingScalingContentAnalysis2018",
    "abstract": "Employing a number of different standalone programs is a prevalent approach among communication scholars who use computational methods to analyze media content. For instance, a researcher might use a specific program or a paid service to scrape some content from the Web, then use another program to process the resulting data, and finally conduct statistical analysis or produce some visualizations in yet another program. This makes it hard to build reproducible workflows, and even harder to build on the work of earlier studies. To improve this situation, we propose and discuss four criteria that a framework for automated content analysis should fulfill: scalability, free and open source, adaptability, and accessibility via multiple interfaces. We also describe how to put these considerations into practice, discuss their feasibility, and point toward future developments.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Jonkman", "given": "Jeroen G. F." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingScalingContentAnalysis2018",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2018.1447655",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "2-3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "158+",
    "title": "Scaling up Content Analysis",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "12"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingSelectiveExposurePolitical2017",
    "abstract": "One of the main lines of reasoning in the contemporary debate on media effects is the notion that selective exposure to congruent information can lead to political polarization. Most studies are correlational, potentially plagued with self-report biases, and cannot demonstrate time order. Even less is known about the mechanisms behind such an effect. We conducted an online quasi-experiment with a sample matching the characteristics of the Dutch population closely (N = 501). We investigate how selective exposure can lead to polarized attitudes and which role frames, facts, and public opinion cues play. While we find that facts learned can help explaining attitude change and that selectivity can influence the perception of public opinion, we cannot confirm that people generally polarize.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      {
        "family": "Klingeren",
        "given": "Marijn",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Tsfati", "given": "Yariv" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "trillingSelectiveExposurePolitical2017",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1093/ijpor/edw003",
    "ISSN": "0954-2892",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "189-213",
    "title": "Selective Exposure, Political Polarization, and Possible Mediators: Evidence From the Netherlands",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "29"
  },
  {
    "id": "trillingTwoDifferentDebates2015",
    "abstract": "While watching television, more and more citizens comment the program live on social media. This is especially interesting in the case of political debates, as viewers' comments might not only allow us to tap into public opinion, but they can also be an influential factor of their own and contribute to public discourse. This article analyzes how the TV debate between the candidates for chancellor during the German election campaign 2013 was discussed on Twitter. To do so, the transcript of the debate is linked to a set of N = 120,557 tweets containing the hashtag #tvduell. The results indicate that the candidates were only to a minor degree successful in getting their topics to the Twitter debate. An optimistic reading of the results suggests that Twitter serves as a complement to draw attention to topics neglected in the official debate. A more pessimistic reading would point to the fact that the discourse on Twitter seems to be dominated by sarcastic or funny rather than by substantial content.",
    "author": [{ "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }],
    "citation-key": "trillingTwoDifferentDebates2015",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0894439314537886",
    "ISSN": "0894-4393",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2015", 6]] },
    "page": "259-276",
    "title": "Two Different Debates? Investigating the Relationship Between a Political Debate on TV and Simultaneous Comments on Twitter",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "33"
  },
  {
    "id": "tsipurskyFIGHTINGFAKENEWS2018",
    "abstract": "We have witnessed an alarming deterioration of truth in democracies around the globe, especially in the political arena. This paper describes a proposed intervention, the Pro-Truth Pledge (PTP), which combines behavioral science research with crowd-sourcing to help address this problem. The PTP asks signers - private citizens and public figures - to commit to 12 behaviors that have been shown to be correlated with an orientation toward truthfulness. Pledge mechanisms have been shown in other contexts to lead private citizens to engage in more pro-social behavior. For public figures, the PTP offers specific incentives to behave in concordance with the Pledge, with rewards in the form of positive reputation for honesty and truth-telling, and accountability through crowd-sourced evaluation and potential aversive consequences contingent upon deception. A study conducted on the PTP has demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing the sharing of misinformation on social media. These preliminary findings suggest that the PTP may be an effective intervention for addressing at least some of the problems caused by fake news and post-truth politics.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Tsipursky", "given": "Gleb" },
      { "family": "Votta", "given": "Fabio" },
      { "family": "Roose", "given": "Kathryn M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "tsipurskyFIGHTINGFAKENEWS2018",
    "container-title": "BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL ISSUES",
    "DOI": "10.5210/bsi.v.27i0.9127",
    "ISSN": "1064-9506",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 5]] },
    "page": "47-70",
    "title": "FIGHTING FAKE NEWS AND POST-TRUTH POLITICS WITH BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE: THE PRO-TRUTH PLEDGE",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "27"
  },
  {
    "id": "tsipurskyPsychologicalApproachPromoting2018",
    "abstract": "Some recent psychology research has shown why people engage in deceptive behavior, and how we can prevent them from doing so. Given the alarming amount of fake news in the US public sphere, a group of psychologists has sought to combine the available research in a proposed intervention, the Pro-Truth Pledge, to help address this problem. The pledge asks signees to commit to 12 behaviors that research in psychology shows correlate with an orientation toward truthfulness. Early results show both that private citizens and public figures are willing to take the pledge, and initial survey, interview, and observational evidence shows the effectiveness of the pledge on reducing sharing misinformation on social media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Tsipursky", "given": "Gleb" },
      { "family": "Votta", "given": "Fabio" },
      { "family": "Mulick", "given": "James A." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "tsipurskyPsychologicalApproachPromoting2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.5964/jspp.v6i2.856",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "271-290",
    "title": "A Psychological Approach to Promoting Truth in Politics: The Pro-Truth Pledge",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "6"
  },
  {
    "id": "urmanAnalyzingProtestMobilization2021",
    "abstract": "Online messaging app Telegram has increased in popularity in recent years surpassing Twitter and Snapchat by the number of active monthly users in late 2020. The messenger has also been crucial to protest movements in several countries in 2019-2020, including Belarus, Russia and Hong Kong. Yet, to date only few studies examined online activities on Telegram and none have analyzed the platform with regard to the protest mobilization. In the present study, we address the existing gap by examining Telegram-based activities related to the 2019 protests in Hong Kong. With this paper we aim to provide an example of methodological tools that can be used to study protest mobilization and coordination on Telegram. We also contribute to the research on computational text analysis in Cantonese-one of the low-resource Asian languages,-as well as to the scholarship on Hong Kong protests and research on social media-based protest mobilization in general. For that, we rely on the data collected through Telegram's API and a combination of network analysis and computational text analysis. We find that the Telegram-based network was cohesive ensuring efficient spread of protest-related information. Content spread through Telegram predominantly concerned discussions of future actions and protest-related on-site information (i.e., police presence in certain areas). We find that the Telegram network was dominated by different actors each month of the observation suggesting the absence of one single leader. Further, traditional protest leaders-those prominent during the 2014 Umbrella Movement,-such as media and civic organisations were less prominent in the network than local communities. Finally, we observe a cooldown in the level of Telegram activity after the enactment of the harsh National Security Law in July 2020. Further investigation is necessary to assess the persistence of this effect in a long-term perspective.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Urman", "given": "Aleksandra" },
      { "family": "Ho", "given": "Justin Chun-ting" },
      { "family": "Katz", "given": "Stefan" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "urmanAnalyzingProtestMobilization2021",
    "container-title": "PLOS ONE",
    "DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0256675",
    "ISSN": "1932-6203",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 10, 8]] },
    "title": "Analyzing protest mobilization on Telegram: The case of 2019 Anti-Extradition Bill movement in Hong Kong",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanatteveldtClauseAnalysisUsing2017",
    "abstract": "This article presents a new method and open source R package that uses syntactic information to automatically extract source-subject-predicate clauses. This improves on frequency-based text analysis methods by dividing text into predicates with an identified subject and optional source, extracting the statements and actions of (political) actors as mentioned in the text. The content of these predicates can be analyzed using existing frequency-based methods, allowing for the analysis of actions, issue positions and framing by different actors within a single text. We show that a small set of syntactic patterns can extract clauses and identify quotes with good accuracy, significantly outperforming a baseline system based on word order. Taking the 2008-2009 Gaza war as an example, we further show how corpus comparison and semantic network analysis applied to the results of the clause analysis can show differences in citation and framing patterns between U.S. and English-language Chinese coverage of this war.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Sheafer", "given": "Tamir" },
      { "family": "Shenhav", "given": "Shaul R." },
      { "family": "Fogel-Dror", "given": "Yair" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanatteveldtClauseAnalysisUsing2017",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL ANALYSIS",
    "DOI": "10.1017/pan.2016.12",
    "ISSN": "1047-1987",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 4]] },
    "page": "207-222",
    "title": "Clause Analysis: Using Syntactic Information to Automatically Extract Source, Subject, and Predicate from Texts with an Application to the 2008-2009 Gaza War",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "25"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanatteveldtGoodNewsBad2008",
    "abstract": "Many research questions in political communication can be answered by representing text as a network of positive or negative relations between actors and issues such as conducted by semantic network analysis. This article presents a system for automatically determining the polarity (positivity/negativity) of these relations by using techniques from sentiment analysis. We used a machine learning model trained on the manually annotated news coverage of the Dutch 2006 elections, collecting lexical, syntactic, and word-similarity based features, and using the syntactic analysis to focus on the relevant part of the sentence. The performance of the full system is significantly better than the baseline with an F1 score of .63. Additionally, we replicate four studies from an earlier analysis of these elections, attaining correlations of greater than .8 in three out of four cases. This shows that the presented system can be immediately used for a number of analyses.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      { "family": "Ruigrok", "given": "Nel" },
      { "family": "Schlobach", "given": "Stefan" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanatteveldtGoodNewsBad2008",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19331680802154145",
    "ISSN": "1933-1681",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2008"]] },
    "page": "73-94",
    "title": "Good News or Bad News? Conducting Sentiment Analysis on Dutch Text to Distinguish Between Positive and Negative Relations",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "5"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanatteveldtOpenComputationalCommunication2019",
    "abstract": "Computational communication science (CCS) offers an opportunity to accelerate the scope and pace of discovery in communication research. This article argues that CCS will profit from adopting open science practices by fostering the reusability of data and code. We discuss the goals and challenges related to creating reusable data and code and offer practical guidance to individual researchers to achieve this. More specifically, we argue for integration of the research process into reusable workflows and recognition of tools and data as academic work. The challenges and road map are also critically discussed in terms of the additional burden they place on individual scholars, which culminates in a call to action for the field to support and incentivize the reusability of tools and data.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanatteveldtOpenComputationalCommunication2019",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "3935-3954",
    "title": "Toward Open Computational Communication Science: A Practical Road Map for Reusable Data and Code",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "13"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanatteveldtParsingSemanticNetworks2008",
    "abstract": "Analysis of political communication is an important aspect of political research. Thematic content analysis has yielded considerable success both with manual and automatic coding, but Semantic Network Analysis has proven more difficult, both for humans and for the computer. This article presents a system for an automated Semantic Network Analysis of Dutch texts. The system automatically extracts relations between political actors based on the output of syntactic analysis of Dutch newspaper articles. Specifically, the system uses pattern matching to find source constructions and determine the semantic agent and patient of relations, and name matching and anaphora resolution to identify political actors. The performance of the system is judged by comparing the extracted relations to manual codings of the same material. Results on the level of measurement indicate acceptable performance. We also estimate performance at the levels of analysis by using a case study of media authority, resulting in good correlations between the theoretical variables derived from the automatic and manual analysis. Finally, we test a number of substantive hypotheses with regression models using the automatic and manual output, resulting in highly similar models in each case. This suggests that our method has sufficient performance to be used to answer relevant political questions in a valid way.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      { "family": "Ruigrok", "given": "Nel" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanatteveldtParsingSemanticNetworks2008",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL ANALYSIS",
    "DOI": "10.1093/pan/mpn006",
    "ISSN": "1047-1987",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2008"]] },
    "page": "428-446",
    "title": "Parsing, Semantic Networks, and Political Authority Using Syntactic Analysis to Extract Semantic Relations from Dutch Newspaper Articles",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanatteveldtTroubleSharingYour2021",
    "abstract": "Open science and effective collaboration both require the sharing of data between researchers. This is especially true for computational methods, as the technical complexity and heterogeneous data sources often require collaboration between researchers in different institutions and jurisdictions. Many data sources, however, cannot be shared openly because of copyright law and contracts such as terms of service. These regulations can be complex, sometimes untested in case law, and vary between countries and over time. This paper details our experiences in conducting international comparative research on very large collections of news items from multiple countries. We set out the main problems we have encountered and some short- term approaches we have used to mitigate some of these problems. We end with listing some additional long-term actions that will advance our research community's ability to collaborate on computational research using sensitive data.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" },
      { "family": "Althaus", "given": "Scott" },
      { "family": "Wessler", "given": "Hartmut" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanatteveldtTroubleSharingYour2021",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10584609.2020.1744780",
    "ISSN": "1058-4609",
    "issue": "1-2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 3, 15]] },
    "page": "192-198",
    "title": "The Trouble with Sharing Your Privates: Pursuing Ethical Open Science and Collaborative Research across National Jurisdictions Using Sensitive Data",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "38"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanatteveldtValiditySentimentAnalysis2021",
    "abstract": "Sentiment is central to many studies of communication science, from negativity and polarization in political communication to analyzing product reviews and social media comments in other sub-fields. This study provides an exhaustive comparison of sentiment analysis methods, using a validation set of Dutch economic headlines to compare the performance of manual annotation, crowd coding, numerous dictionaries and machine learning using both traditional and deep learning algorithms. The three main conclusions of this article are that: (1) The best performance is still attained with trained human or crowd coding; (2) None of the used dictionaries come close to acceptable levels of validity; and (3) machine learning, especially deep learning, substantially outperforms dictionary-based methods but falls short of human performance. From these findings, we stress the importance of always validating automatic text analysis methods before usage. Moreover, we provide a recommended step-by-step approach for (automated) text analysis projects to ensure both efficiency and validity.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      {
        "family": "Velden",
        "given": "Mariken A. C. G.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Boukes", "given": "Mark" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanatteveldtValiditySentimentAnalysis2021",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2020.1869198",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 4, 3]] },
    "page": "121-140",
    "title": "The Validity of Sentiment Analysis:Comparing Manual Annotation, Crowd-Coding, Dictionary Approaches, and Machine Learning Algorithms",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "15"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanatteveldtWhenCommunicationMeets2018",
    "abstract": "The recent increase in digitally available data, tools, and processing power is fostering the use of computational methods to the study of communication. This special issue discusses the validity of using big data in communication science and showcases a number of new methods and applications in the fields of text and network analysis. Computational methods have the potential to greatly enhance the scientific study of communication because they allow us to move towards collaborative large-N studies of actual behavior in its social context. This requires us to develop new skills and infrastructure and meet the challenges of open, valid, reliable, and ethical “big data” research. By bringing together a number of leading scholars in one issue, we contribute to the increasing development and adaptation of computational methods in communication science.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Peng", "given": "Tai-Quan" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanatteveldtWhenCommunicationMeets2018",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2018.1458084",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "2-3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "81-92",
    "title": "When Communication Meets Computation: Opportunities, Challenges, and Pitfalls in Computational Communication Science",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "12"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandergootReportingPoliticalAcquaintances2021",
    "abstract": "To explain which politicians make it into the news, this study considers the influence of the personal interactions between political journalists and politicians. While theoretically plausible, there is little empirical evidence that the personal interactions between reporters and politicians are associated with news content. This study draws on a survey of political journalists combined with a content analysis of their newspaper articles to analyze how personal interactions with politicians and the background characteristics of journalists relate to their news-making. Overall, it is found that journalists report more often and more positively about politicians they have personal contact with and about those politicians who hold similar political views. Hence, personal interactions with journalists can be useful for politicians to attract (positive) media coverage.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Van der Goot", "given": "Emma S." },
      { "family": "Van der Meer", "given": "Toni G. L. A." },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandergootReportingPoliticalAcquaintances2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "page": "229-251",
    "title": "Reporting on Political Acquaintances: Personal Interactions Between Political Journalists and Politicians as a Determinant of Media Coverage",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "15"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerAutomatedContentAnalysis2016",
    "abstract": "Communication plays a central role in how crisis events evolve. The. huge collection of today's digital available content from actors such as organizations, news media, and the public provides scholars with the opportunity to analyze large-sized collections of crisis related communication and provide supplementary evidence for previous findings from smaller scaled research. However, the massive costs and complexity of analyzing these large-scaled data sets have hindered their use within the field of crisis research. This paper aims to provide an overview of how automated content analysis can potentially simplify and complement the analysis of these large collections of texts. Computational methods have long been used in the field of computer science and are currently gaining momentum within the field of crisis communication. This paper discusses the dictionary method, supervised method, and the unsupervised method as potential useful tools for analyzing crisis communication. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerAutomatedContentAnalysis2016",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.09.001",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 12]] },
    "page": "952-961",
    "title": "Automated content analysis and crisis communication research",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "42"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerCanFightingMisinformation2023",
    "abstract": "In the battle against misinformation, do negative spillover effects of communicative efforts intended to protect audiences from inaccurate information exist? Given the relatively limited prevalence of misinformation in people's news diets, this study explores if the heightened salience of misinformation as a persistent societal threat can have an unintended spillover effect by decreasing the credibility of factually accurate news. Using an experimental design (N = 1305), we test whether credibility ratings of factually accurate news are subject to exposure to misinformation, corrective information, misinformation warnings, and news media literacy (NML) interventions relativizing the misinformation threat. Findings suggest that efforts like warning about the threat of misinformation can prime general distrust in authentic news, hinting toward a deception bias in the context of fear of misinformation being salient. Next, the successfulness of NML interventions is not straight forward if it comes to avoiding that the salience of misinformation distorts people's creditability accuracy. We conclude that the threats of the misinformation order may not just be remedied by fighting false information, but also by reestablishing trust in legitimate news.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerCanFightingMisinformation2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2023.2187652",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 4, 26]] },
    "page": "803-823",
    "title": "Can Fighting Misinformation Have a Negative Spillover Effect? How Warnings for the Threat of Misinformation Can Decrease General News Credibility",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "24"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerCommunicationTimesCrisis2017",
    "abstract": "This paper studies how stakeholder relationships change when an organization undergoes a crisis as compared to routine circumstances. During crises, the stakeholder relationships are under pressure, and therewith the organization's reputation and the crisis intensity. This paper's purpose is to investigate how, during a crisis, pressure from both internal stakeholders (i.e., management and employees) and external stakeholders (i.e., news media and interested citizens) influences public-relations professionals' communicative relationships with these stakeholders. 444 PR European professionals, who experienced crises, were surveyed about crisis and routine times. Special focus was on the mediation role of time pressure and uncertainty. Structural-equation models revealed that, in crisis, the increased pressure from news media, citizens, and employees negatively affects the communicative relationship with these stakeholders, whereas management pressure was found to have a positive effect. This observation might point to organizational isolation on a managerial level in the initial crisis phase, partly as a result of stakeholder pressure. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Piet" },
      { "family": "Beentjes", "given": "Hans W. J." },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerCommunicationTimesCrisis2017",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.02.005",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "2",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 6]] },
    "page": "426-440",
    "title": "Communication in times of crisis: The stakeholder relationship under pressure",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "43"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerConsequencesBeingAgenda2018",
    "abstract": "This study applies agenda setting theory to understand how firms' financial performance is affected by both the news media and the public agenda. Using content and time-series analysis for the data of five Dutch firms (period 2009-2013), we demonstrate that media attention (newspaper coverage) and public attention (GoogleTrends search) for a firm affect stock market ratings. As hypothesized, the effect of media attention was found to be negative whereas the effect of public attention was positive.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerConsequencesBeingAgenda2018",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2017-0027",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 3]] },
    "page": "5-24",
    "title": "The consequences of being on the agenda: The effect of media and public attention on firms' stock market performance",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "43"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerCraftingOurOwn2020",
    "abstract": "Audiences' online information acquisition has raised questions about the nature of selective exposure in today's high-choice and fragmented news environment. To offer an overview of therelativecontribution of several key drivers of selective exposure to political news, we assess the guiding influence of (1) confirmation bias, (2) source bias, and (3) negativity bias. The findings of an experiment in two countries (UK and US,N = 858), demonstrate that confirmation bias has the most profound effect on selective exposure into news on immigration and the privatization of health-care systems, in conjunction with comparable and significant effects of source and negativity biases. The studied moderating role of preexisting levels of involvement and skepticism provides additional insights into news selection mechanisms. We conclude that today's online media diets are guided by different biases, which may fragment audiences based on their news preferencesandissue positions.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Van der Meer", "given": "Toni G. L. A." },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerCraftingOurOwn2020",
    "container-title": "MASS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15205436.2020.1782432",
    "ISSN": "1520-5436",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11, 1]] },
    "page": "937-967",
    "title": "Crafting Our Own Biased Media Diets the Effects of Confirmation, Source, and Negativity Bias on Selective Attendance to Online News",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerCredibilityShareworthinessNegative2024",
    "abstract": "Negativity in the news sells, but is such news also perceived as more credible and shareworthy? Given that negative information is more impactful and processed more easily, a positive-negative asymmetry might also exist in news processing. This negativity bias is explored in a two-part experiment (N = 696) where respondents rated (a) multiple positive and negative news items and (b) conflicting news on perceived credibility and shareworthiness. Results reveal no straightforward patterns: Audiences only hold a negativity bias in their credibility assessment under certain conditions, and even less so when it comes to sharing news. When confronted with conflicting information, audiences do not seem to use negativity as a cue to determine which news to believe or share.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Brosius", "given": "Anna" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerCredibilityShareworthinessNegative2024",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/14648849221110283",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2024", 1]] },
    "page": "61-80",
    "title": "Credibility and shareworthiness of negative news",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "25"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerDisruptingGatekeepingPractices2017",
    "abstract": "As gatekeepers, journalists have the power to select the sources that get a voice in crisis coverage. The aim of this study is to find out how journalists select sources during a crisis. In a survey, journalists were asked how they assess the following sources during an organizational crisis: news agencies, an organization undergoing a crisis, and the general public. The sample consisted of 214 Dutch experienced journalists who at least once covered a crisis. Using structural equation modeling, sources' likelihood of being included in the news was predicted using five source characteristics: credibility, knowledge, willingness, timeliness, and the relationship with the journalist. Findings indicated that during a crisis, news agencies are most likely to be included in the news, followed by the public, and finally the organization. The significance of the five source characteristics is dependent on source type. For example, to be used in the news, news agencies and organizations should be mainly evaluated as knowledgeable, whereas information from the public should be both credible and timely. In addition, organizations should not be seen as too willing or too eager to communicate. The findings imply that, during a crisis, journalists remain critical gatekeepers; however, they rely mainly on familiar sources.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Piet" },
      { "family": "Beentjes", "given": "Johannes W. J." },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerDisruptingGatekeepingPractices2017",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884916648095",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "9",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017", 10]] },
    "page": "1107-1124",
    "title": "Disrupting gatekeeping practices: Journalists' source selection in times of crisis",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "18"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerEDEMOCRACYEXPLORINGCURRENT2014",
    "abstract": "Governments around the world have been pressured to implement e-Government programs in order to improve the government-citizen dialogue. The authors of this article review prior literature on such efforts to find if they lead to increased democratic participation (”e-Democracy”) for the affected citizens, with a focus on the key concepts of transparency, openness, and engagement. The authors find that such efforts are a starting point toward e-Democracy, but the journey is far from complete.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Gelders", "given": "Dave" },
      { "family": "Rotthier", "given": "Sabine" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerEDEMOCRACYEXPLORINGCURRENT2014",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF INFORMATION POLICY",
    "DOI": "10.5325/jinfopoli.4.2014.0489",
    "ISSN": "2381-5892",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014"]] },
    "page": "489-506",
    "title": "E-DEMOCRACY: EXPLORING THE CURRENT STAGE OF E-GOVERNMENT",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "4"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerEmotionalCrisisCommunication2014",
    "abstract": "Organizational crises are usually highly emotional experiences for both organizations and stakeholders. Hence, crisis situations often result in emotionally charged communication between the two parties. Despite the attention of organizations and scholars to the emotions of stakeholders during crises, little is known about the effects of the emotions communicated by organizations on corporate reputations. Through the use of vignettes, this experiment reveals that besides crisis-response strategy (diminish vs. rebuild), the communicated emotion (i.e., shame and regret) has a positive effect on corporate reputation. Mediation analyses showed that this effect of communicated emotion could be explained by the public's (negative) affective as well as cognitive responses (i.e., account acceptance). This study confirms that emotional signals embedded in crisis responses may affect corporate reputations by reducing feelings of anger and by increasing the acceptance of the organizational message. In doing so, this study provides a starting point for further exploration of the effectiveness of other emotions in crisis communication. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Joost W. M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerEmotionalCrisisCommunication2014",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.03.004",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 9]] },
    "page": "526-536",
    "title": "Emotional crisis communication",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerFacesBiasedSelectivity2020",
    "abstract": "The overload of news in today's digital information environment can lead to biased media exposure on the individual level-for example, based on the confirmation of preexisting attitudes, attractiveness of negative news, and familiarity with sources. To better understand such news patterns and to whom these selection biases apply, this study identifies different classes of (biased) news audiences and explores several antecedents. A survey in the U.S. and UK presented respondents with multiple vignettes in the form of political news headlines that were altered to reflect (1) confirmation bias, (2) negativity bias, and (3) source bias. Respondents' likelihood of selecting these biased news items was used to classify individuals into audience profiles. The results of a latent profile analysis provide three distinct and theoretically meaningful classes of news audiences that vary in terms of selection biases: avoiders, confirmers, and informers. As an important contribution, we show how these profiles are driven by the political attitudes and news preferences of audiences.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Van der Meer", "given": "Toni G. L. A." },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerFacesBiasedSelectivity2020",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020"]] },
    "page": "5375-5393",
    "title": "Faces of Biased Selectivity: A Latent Profile Analysis to Classify News Audiences and Their Selection Biases in the US and UK",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerFightingBiasedNews2021",
    "abstract": "Online news consumers have the tendency to select political news that confirms their prior attitudes, which may further fuel polarized divides in society. Despite scholarly attention to drivers of selective exposure, we know too little about how healthiercross-cuttingnews exposure patterns can be stimulated in digital media environments. Study 1 (N = 553) exposed people to news media literacy (NML) interventions using injunctive and descriptive normative language. The findings reveal the conditional effect of such online interventions: Participants with pro-immigration attitudes engaged in more cross-cutting exposure while the intervention was only to a certain extent effective for Democrats, ineffective for Republicans, and even boomeranged for partisans with anti-immigration attitudes. In response to these findings, Study 2 (N = 579) aimed to design interventions that work across issue publics and party affiliation. We show that NML messages tailored on immigration beliefs can be effective across the board. These findings inform the design of more successful NML interventions.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerFightingBiasedNews2021",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1461444820946455",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issue": "11",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 11]] },
    "page": "3156-3178",
    "title": "Fighting biased news diets: Using news media literacy interventions to stimulate online cross-cutting media exposure patterns",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerKnewItWorld2022",
    "abstract": "Do people with a more pessimistic worldview also select more like-minded news that confirms their negative-sometimes irrational-outlook on reality? This study theorizes that, based on the negativity and confirmation biases in audience digital news selection, a pessimistic outlook increases the likelihood of self-selection of more negative and episodic headlines over positive and thematic news. In a next step, news media literacy (NML) literature is consulted to explore how to counter this tendency to, via news selection, confirm an overly negative and distorted worldview. A selective-exposure experiment (N = 612) monitored participants' self-selection of crime news after exposure to NML interventions. Findings show that those participants who hold a more pessimistic outlook on crime in society tend to confirm this worldview by self-selecting into more negative crime news. Exposure to NML interventions concerning negativity bias or click-bait was found to mitigate this negativity bias in news selection, especially for those who already hold a pessimistic outlook This study is the first to document that NML interventions can potentially have merits as a tool to combat negativity bias in online news selection.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerKnewItWorld2022",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2021.2019074",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 4, 12]] },
    "page": "473-492",
    "title": "I Knew It, the World is Falling Apart! Combatting a Confirmatory Negativity Bias in Audiences' News Selection Through News Media Literacy Interventions",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "10"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerMediatizationDisproportionateAttention2019",
    "abstract": "Do news media increasingly portray a distorted world image when reporting menace? The purpose of this study is to investigate how media attention for negative incidents evolves over time and how this relates to real-world trends and public responses. A longitudinal content analysis (1991-2015) of media coverage of aviation incidents is used to provide a systematic investigation into the trends of media attention related to real-world data. Results show that while the total number of aviation incidents declined across time, relative media attention increased. Time series analysis revealed that media attention for these negative incidents was negatively associated with shifts in public responses-i.e. air travel behavior-whereas real-world statistics on aviation incidents did not seem to explain variation in public behavior. Moreover, when exploring the variation in the coverage of media attention, increasing presence of mediatization facets was observed as a potential explanation for the over-time rise in disproportional attention to negative news. In conclusion, news media may have a blind spot for progression and a distorted media reality can be a predictor of public responses instead of reality itself.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Piet" },
      { "family": "Jonkman", "given": "Jeroen" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerMediatizationDisproportionateAttention2019",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2018.1423632",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 4, 26]] },
    "page": "783-803",
    "title": "Mediatization and the Disproportionate Attention to Negative News The case of airplane crashes",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "20"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerNewsMediaKill2022",
    "abstract": "Is irrational risk-avoiding behavior related to news media's heightened attention for the negative and exceptional? Based on the theoretical approaches of mediatization and cultivation, it is hypothesized how news media can present an overly negative and biased reality that can have a severe impact on society. Focusing on the case of travel accidents, we argue that a disproportional increase in news attention for low-probability high-consequence aviation accidents can distort audiences' risk perceptions such that driving is inaccurately perceived as a safer transportation alternative to flying, with potentially harmful consequences. This study accordingly documents results from time-series analyses (1996-2017) on US media attention for aviation and road accidents related to real-world data on travel behavior and fatal accidents. The over-time patterns expose how news media follow their own mediatized logic and reality: Negative incidents-i.e., both aviation and road accidents-become more prominent in the news over time, rather than accurately reflecting real-world trends. Next, since air travel is statistically the safest transportation mode, disproportionate attention for aviation accidents is argued to especially create a problematic distorted worldview among audiences. Accordingly, findings show how more media attention for aviation accidents is related to relatively more road traffic and more fatal road accidents in the subsequent months. We conclude that the media's systematic overrepresentation of rare aviation accidents can overshadow the more substantial risk of (long-distance) driving. This paper illustrates how a distorted media reality can potentially result in severe consequences in light of audiences' ill-informed fear perceptions and irrational risk-avoiding behavior.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Kroon", "given": "Anne C." },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerNewsMediaKill2022",
    "container-title": "SOCIAL FORCES",
    "DOI": "10.1093/sf/soab114",
    "ISSN": "0037-7732",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 7, 20]] },
    "page": "506-530",
    "title": "Do News Media Kill? How a Biased News Reality can Overshadow Real Societal Risks, The Case of Aviation and Road Traffic Accidents",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "101"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerOrganizationalCrisisdenialStrategy2014",
    "abstract": "By applying a framing perspective, this study explores the effect of a crisis-denial strategy on public response. The online public framing of a specific crisis is compared with the crisis-denial frame provided by the organization. An automated semantic-network analysis is used to identify frames embedded in the public and organizational communication. The Max Havelaar crisis revealed that denial strategy is not always unsuccessful and would advance a more complex understanding. Moreover, the framing perspective and the semantic-network approach prove to be useful to analyze crisis-response strategies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerOrganizationalCrisisdenialStrategy2014",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.02.005",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 9]] },
    "page": "537-539",
    "title": "Organizational crisis-denial strategy: The effect of denial on public framing",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerPoliticizationCorporationsTheir2021",
    "abstract": "Societies are increasingly characterized by polarization and fragmentation on a variety of socio-political issues. With the heightened social visibility of corporations, as a result of processes of mediatization, firms are pressured to engage with such social issues that are part of broader political discourses. Against the backdrop of these broad socio-political shifts, this study conceptually addresses the contribution of public relations to understanding the politicization of corporations and their environment. We argue that corporations have become inherently intertwined with their mediatized and polarized socio-political surroundings. As a result, corporations are increasingly pressured to speak out and take a stance on social issues to engage with their environment and renew their social license to operate (SLO) in a context characterized by political divides. By relying on concepts like issue arenas and corporate political advocacy, we argue that corporations can use public relations to publicly promote one ideal over another, by being guided by the corporation?s own intrinsic values and moral standpoints rather than efforts to balance competing interests of multiple stakeholders.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Jonkman", "given": "Jeroen G. F." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerPoliticizationCorporationsTheir2021",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101988",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 3]] },
    "title": "Politicization of corporations and their environment: Corporations? social license to operate in a polarized and mediatized society",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "47"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerPublicFrameBuilding2018",
    "abstract": "New media have markedly enhanced the public's capacity to influence the framing of an issue, especially within crisis situations. By relying on research triangulation, this study aims to map the comprehensive frame-building process of the public as an understudied domain within framing and crisis research. Study 1 uses advanced automated content analyses of crisis-related tweets (N = 252,711) to examine how the public built frames online with the use of information sources. Study 2 applies an innovative vignette study (N = 772) to investigate the conditions that influence the public's source selection during crises. The findings illustrate how the public uses sources to address certain frame functions and show that source usage is subject to external factors (i.e., crisis origin and magnitude) as well as internal factors (i.e., crisis involvement and habitual source use).",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerPublicFrameBuilding2018",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0093650216644027",
    "ISSN": "0093-6502",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 8]] },
    "page": "956-981",
    "title": "Public Frame Building: The Role of Source Usage in Times of Crisis",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "45"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerRoleMediaUse2023",
    "abstract": "When societies are struck by large-scale disruptions, biases in citizens' personal risk assessment and the spread of misinformation are often reason for concern. As a contribution, this study aims to link individuals' biased perceptions of self-other asymmetry-i.e., optimistic bias in risk assessment and third-person perception regarding undesired media influence-to different patterns of news consumption and misinformation perceptions. To study these phenomena, we distributed an online survey in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic among citizens from the US, the UK, the Netherlands, and Germany (N = 1,912). The findings offer consistent support for bias beliefs: Compared to others, citizens from all four countries perceived themselves as less vulnerable to health and financial risk-i.e., optimistic bias-as well as the influence of misinformation-i.e., third-person perception. In a next step, we provide novel insights into how general news use can be associated with lower optimistic bias regarding perceived personal risk, while intentional exposure to issue-specific information and misinformation perceptions can relate to higher optimistic bias and third-person perceptions. These relationships were found to differ across individual countries. Overall, this study provides novel insights into how media use and perceptions relate to perceived invulnerability to potential harm, which, in turn, might impede pro-social intentions during crises surrounded by the omnipresence of misinformation.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Brosius", "given": "Anna" },
      { "family": "Hameleers", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerRoleMediaUse2023",
    "container-title": "MASS COMMUNICATION AND SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/15205436.2022.2039202",
    "ISSN": "1520-5436",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 5, 4]] },
    "page": "438-462",
    "title": "The Role of Media Use and Misinformation Perceptions in Optimistic Bias and Third-person Perceptions in Times of High Media Dependency: Evidence from Four Countries in the First Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerSeekingFormulaMisinformation2020",
    "abstract": "An increasing lack of information truthfulness has become a fundamental challenge to communications. Insights into how to debunk this type of misinformation can especially be crucial for public health crises. To identify corrective information strategies that increase awareness and trigger actions during infectious disease outbreaks, an online experiment (N = 700) was conducted, using a U.S. sample. After initial misinformation exposure, participants' exposure to corrective information type (simple rebuttal vs. factual elaboration) and source (government health agency vs. news media vs. social peer) was varied, including a control group without corrective information. Results show that, if corrective information is present rather than absent, incorrect beliefs based on misinformation are debunked and the exposure to factual elaboration, compared to simple rebuttal, stimulates intentions to take protective actions. Moreover, government agency and news media sources are found to be more successful in improving belief accuracy compared to social peers. The observed mediating role of crisis emotions reveals the mechanism underlying the effects of corrective information. The findings contribute to misinformation research by providing a formula for correcting the increasing spread of misinformation in times of crisis.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Jin", "given": "Yan" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerSeekingFormulaMisinformation2020",
    "container-title": "HEALTH COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10410236.2019.1573295",
    "ISSN": "1041-0236",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 4, 15]] },
    "page": "560-575",
    "title": "Seeking Formula for Misinformation Treatment in Public Health Crises: The Effects of Corrective Information Type and Source",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "35"
  },
  {
    "id": "vandermeerWhenFramesAlign2014",
    "abstract": "This study focuses on the frame-building process of organizational-crisis situations in the interplay between the domains public relations (PR), news media, and the public. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the crisis frames of the domains align over time. To empirically analyze frame alignment, an automated semantic-network analysis is introduced to compare implicit framing among the domains. By examining press releases, news articles, and social-media manifestations of four Dutch crisis cases, the dynamic character of crisis framing became apparent. The study documents the rise of crisis-frame alignment among PR, news media, and the public over time. After frame alignment the domains' discourses move away from one another resulting in more variation between frames. This pattern of alignment is considered to be crisis specific as a necessity to collectively make sense of a complex crisis situation. The collective sensemaking might be crucial to solve organizational crises and to avoid uncontrollable crisis magnification. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Piet" },
      { "family": "Beentjes", "given": "Hans" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vandermeerWhenFramesAlign2014",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.07.008",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 12]] },
    "page": "751-761",
    "title": "When frames align: The interplay between PR, news media, and the public in times of crisis",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanderveldenEpistemicOverconfidenceAlgorithmic2021",
    "abstract": "The process of news consumption has undergone great changes over the past decade: Information is now available in an ever-increasing amount from a plethora of sources. Recent work suggests that most people would favor algorithmic solutions over human editors. This stands in contrast to public and scholarly debate about the pitfalls of algorithmic news selection-i.e., the so-called “filter bubbles.” This study therefore investigates reasons and motivations which might lead people to prefer algorithmic gatekeepers over human ones. We expect that people have more algorithmic appreciation when consuming news to pass time, entertain oneself, or out of escapism than when using news to keep up-to-date with politics (H1). Secondly, we hypothesize the extent to which people are confident in their own cognitive abilities to moderate that relationship: When people are overconfident in their own capabilities to estimate the relevance of information, they are more likely to have higher levels of algorithmic appreciation, due to the third person effect (H2). For testing those two pre-registered hypotheses, we conducted an online survey with a sample of 268 US participants and replicated our study using a sample of 384 Dutch participants. The results show that the first hypothesis cannot be supported by our data. However, a positive interaction between overconfidence and algorithmic appreciation for the gratification of surveillance (i.e., gaining information about the world, society, and politics) was found in both samples. Thereby, our study contributes to our understanding of the underlying reasons people have for choosing different forms of gatekeeping when selecting news.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Van der Velden", "given": "Mariken" },
      { "family": "Loecherbach", "given": "Felicia" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanderveldenEpistemicOverconfidenceAlgorithmic2021",
    "container-title": "MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.17645/mac.v9i4.4167",
    "ISSN": "2183-2439",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "page": "182-197",
    "title": "Epistemic Overconfidence in Algorithmic News Selection",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanderveldenLivingLivingFuture2018",
    "abstract": "Do parties change their platform in anticipation of electoral losses? Or do parties respond to experienced losses at the previous election? These questions relate to two mechanisms to align public opinion with party platforms: (1) rational anticipation, and (2) electoral performance. While extant work empirically tested, and found support for, the latter mechanism, the effect of rational anticipation has not been put to an empirical test yet. We contribute to the literature on party platform change by theorizing and assessing how party performance motivates parties to change their platform in-between elections. We built a new and unique dataset of >20,000 press releases issued by 15 Dutch national political parties that were in parliament between 1997 and 2014. Utilizing automated text analysis (topic modeling) to measure parties' platform change, we show that electoral defeat motivates party platform change in-between elections. In line with existing findings, we demonstrate that parties are backward-looking.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Van der Velden", "given": "Mariken" },
      { "family": "Schumacher", "given": "Gijs" },
      { "family": "Vis", "given": "Barbara" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanderveldenLivingLivingFuture2018",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10584609.2017.1384771",
    "ISSN": "1058-4609",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "393-412",
    "title": "Living in the Past or Living in the Future? Analyzing Parties' Platform Change In Between Elections,The Netherlands 1997-2014",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "35"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanerpUsingNaturalLanguage2021",
    "abstract": "In this paper, we discuss the use of natural language processing and artificial intelligence to analyze nutritional and sustainability aspects of recipes and food. We present the state-of-the-art and some use cases, followed by a discussion of challenges. Our perspective on addressing these is that while they typically have a technical nature, they nevertheless require an interdisciplinary approach combining natural language processing and artificial intelligence with expert domain knowledge to create practical tools and comprehensive analysis for the food domain.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Erp", "given": "Marieke", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Reynolds", "given": "Christian" },
      { "family": "Maynard", "given": "Diana" },
      { "family": "Starke", "given": "Alain" },
      { "family": "Martin", "given": "Rebeca Ibanez" },
      { "family": "Andres", "given": "Frederic" },
      { "family": "Leite", "given": "Maria C. A." },
      {
        "family": "Toledo",
        "given": "Damien Alvarez",
        "non-dropping-particle": "de"
      },
      { "family": "Rivera", "given": "Ximena Schmidt" },
      { "family": "Trattner", "given": "Christoph" },
      { "family": "Brewer", "given": "Steven" },
      { "family": "Martins", "given": "Carla Adriano" },
      { "family": "Kluczkovski", "given": "Alana" },
      { "family": "Frankowska", "given": "Angelina" },
      { "family": "Bridle", "given": "Sarah" },
      { "family": "Levy", "given": "Renata Bertazzi" },
      { "family": "Rauber", "given": "Fernanda" },
      {
        "family": "Silva",
        "given": "Jacqueline Tereza",
        "non-dropping-particle": "da"
      },
      { "family": "Bosma", "given": "Ulbe" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanerpUsingNaturalLanguage2021",
    "container-title": "FRONTIERS IN ARTIFICIAL IN℡LIGENCE",
    "DOI": "10.3389/frai.2020.621577",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "title": "Using Natural Language Processing and Artificial Intelligence to Explore the Nutrition and Sustainability of Recipes and Food",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "3"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanhoofDiversePoliticsDiverse2014",
    "abstract": "Although diverse political news has been recognized as a requirement for a well-functioning democracy, longitudinal research into this topic is sparse. In this article, we analyse the development of diversity in election coverage in the Netherlands between 1994 and 2012. We distinguish between diversity for party and issue coverage, and look at differences between diversity in newspapers and television news. Results show that news diversity varies over time. Diversity for party types increased over time. We found no clear trend for diversity of issue dimensions. Compared to newspapers, television news is more diverse for party types but less diverse on issue dimensions. The question concerning whether these findings are an indicator of structural bias is discussed.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Hoof",
        "given": "Anita M. J.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Jacobi", "given": "Carina" },
      { "family": "Ruigrok", "given": "Nel" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanhoofDiversePoliticsDiverse2014",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0267323114545712",
    "ISSN": "0267-3231",
    "issue": "6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 12]] },
    "page": "668-686",
    "title": "Diverse politics, diverse news coverage? A longitudinal study of diversity in Dutch political news during two decades of election campaigns",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "29"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanhoofSearchingDifferentlyHow2022",
    "abstract": "For many, search engines are crucial gateways to (political) information. While extant research is concerned with algorithmic bias, user choices had been largely neglected. Yet, search queries are the key way in which searchers explicate their information need. Building on framing theory and selective exposure, we argue that queries are ingrained with (political) predispositions: issue frames in mind of searchers manifest themselves in search terms and queries. Using Dutch survey data (N = 1994), and manual coding and latent class analysis, we explore how types of people formulate search queries about immigration and climate change (RQ1). A regression analysis shows how these searcher types relate to political attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics (RQ2). Notably, searchers formulate queries in ways that are related to their political positions, but this differs for different issues. These findings imply systematic differences in user choices which future research needs to consider when auditing search engines.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Hoof", "given": "Marieke", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Meppelink", "given": "Corine S." },
      { "family": "Moeller", "given": "Judith" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanhoofSearchingDifferentlyHow2022",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/14614448221104405",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 7, 11]] },
    "title": "Searching differently? How political attitudes impact search queries about political issues",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanklingerenPublicOpinionTwitter2021",
    "abstract": "Extensive research has been done on how social media have changed democratic society, politics, and public opinion. Social media are often regarded as a mirror of the public that, during political events, provides journalists and academics with a clear image of what position the public has on political issues and which sub-issues it uses to back it up. Yet, there is strong empirical evidence that active Twitter users differ in terms of background characteristics from the electorate, and that the most influential users possess specific traits. However, this does not necessarily mean that the opinions expressed on Twitter cannot reflect public opinion. This study aims to compare sub-issues used on Twitter to polled public opinion data in the context of the 2016 so-called Ukraine referendum' in the Netherlands. Our main findings indicate that there is a remarkable resemblance between the two domains in terms of sub-issues used and prominence of these sub-issues. Yet, this is mostly the case when not taking duplicates or retweets into account. Overall, the Twitter debate showed to be less nuanced than the polled public opinion data, as fewer sub-issues appeared.",
    "author": [
      {
        "family": "Klingeren",
        "given": "Marijn",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Moller", "given": "Judith" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanklingerenPublicOpinionTwitter2021",
    "container-title": "ACTA POLITICA",
    "DOI": "10.1057/s41269-020-00160-w",
    "ISSN": "0001-6810",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 7]] },
    "page": "436-455",
    "title": "Public opinion on Twitter? How vote choice and arguments on Twitter comply with patterns in survey data, evidence from the 2016 Ukraine referendum in the Netherlands",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "56"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanzoonenEmployeesWorkrelatedSocialmedia2014",
    "abstract": "This study explores the antecedents of work-related social-media use. To date the role of employees in organizational sense giving through work-related social-media use remains under investigated. The findings suggest that - in a work-related context - social media serve multiple functions: as a vehicle for information dissemination, relationship management, and organizational ambassadorship. Employees willingly utilize their personal social media account to contribute to organizational goals. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Zoonen", "given": "Ward", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      },
      { "family": "Verhoeven", "given": "Joost W. M." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanzoonenEmployeesWorkrelatedSocialmedia2014",
    "container-title": "PUBLIC RELATIONS REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.07.001",
    "ISSN": "0363-8111",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 12]] },
    "page": "850-852",
    "title": "Employees work-related social-media use: His master's voice",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "40"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanzoonenImportanceSourceCredibility2015",
    "abstract": "Social media are invaluable sources of information during organizational crises. Although recent research confirms this fundamental role in crisis communication, this article is aimed at deepening the understanding about the role of the source of information in this socially mediated era by comparing the organization and the employee as communicators. As social media lack traditional gatekeeping processes, dynamics of both source and content credibility are assessed. The findings, based on an experimental design, advocate that judgments of organizational reputation are not only dependent on the crisis-response strategy, but also depend on the source and perceptions of source and content credibility.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Zoonen", "given": "Ward", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      { "family": "Meer", "given": "Toni", "non-dropping-particle": "van der" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanzoonenImportanceSourceCredibility2015",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF PUBLIC RELATIONS RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1062726X.2015.1062382",
    "ISSN": "1062-726X",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2015"]] },
    "page": "371-388",
    "title": "The Importance of Source and Credibility Perception in Times of Crisis: Crisis Communication in a Socially Mediated Era",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "27"
  },
  {
    "id": "vanzoonenSocialMediaResearch2016",
    "abstract": "Despite the online availability of data, analysis, of this information in academic research is arduous. This article explores the application of supervised machine learning (SML) to overcome challenges associated with online data analysis. In SML classifiers are used to categorize and code binary data. Based on a case study of Dutch employees' work-related tweets, this paper compares the coding performance of three classifiers, Linear Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and logistic regression. The performance of these classifiers is assessed by examining accuracy, precision, recall, the area under the precision-recall curve, and Krippendorfs Alpha. These indices are obtained by comparing the coding decisions of the classifier to manual coding decisions. The findings indicate that the Linear Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes classifiers outperform the logistic regression classifier. This study also compared the performance of these classifiers based on stratified random samples and random samples of training data. The findings indicate that in smaller training sets stratified random training samples perform better than random training samples, in large training sets (n = 4000) random samples yield better results. Finally, the Linear Support Vector Machine classifier was trained with 4000 tweets and subsequently used to categorize 578,581 tweets obtained from 430 employees. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Zoonen", "given": "Ward", "non-dropping-particle": "van" },
      {
        "family": "Meer",
        "given": "Toni G. L. A.",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van der"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vanzoonenSocialMediaResearch2016",
    "container-title": "COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.chb.2016.05.028",
    "ISSN": "0747-5632",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 10]] },
    "page": "132-141",
    "title": "Social media research: The application of supervised machine learning in organizational communication research",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "63"
  },
  {
    "id": "vaskoPermanentCampaignTweeting2019",
    "abstract": "This article investigates whether the notion of a “permanent campaign” characterizes politicians? Twitter use by analyzing 285,456 tweets by Members of Congress during and after the 2016 US elections. We distinguished a campaign period, a lame duck period, and a routine period. The inclusion of a lame duck period is novel in studies on social networking sites and allows for more precise conclusions. In the routine period, politicians focused more on hard news, put more emphasis on domestic than foreign content on the country level, had a higher level of negative sentiment and published more tweets, whereas in the campaign period positive sentiment was higher. Additionally, we found large differences in politicians? tweeting behavior between the lame duck and routine period. We conclude that the notion of a ?permanent campaign? does not appropriately describe political campaigning on Twitter, but that the exact differences are still poorly understood, as empirical findings do not align well with previous literature.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vasko", "given": "Vidar" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vaskoPermanentCampaignTweeting2019",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19331681.2019.1657046",
    "ISSN": "1933-1681",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "342-359",
    "title": "A permanent campaign? Tweeting differences among members of Congress between campaign and routine periods",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "vaughanTensionConnectiveAction2023",
    "abstract": "Although the Reddit-led short squeeze of GameStop shares in 2021 drew comparisons with Occupy Wall Street, this article focuses on one key area of difference: where Occupy exemplified the theoretical model of connective action through its discursive and technological openness, mobilisation around the short squeeze followed a different pattern characterised by discursive and technological disconnections, which we argue partly reflects the intervening decade of platformisation. Our case shows how platforms can establish boundaries as well as brokerage points in contentious politics, with particular regard to repertoires of action, collective identities and discourses. We show how in our case, these boundaries impeded discursive and technological connections, instead organising users into relatively disconnected zones and ultimately reducing their power and impact over broader discursive systems. Our argument is explored using three data sets from Reddit, Twitter and legacy news media outlets, using a combination of non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) topic modelling and manual content analysis.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vaughan", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Gruber", "given": "Johannes B." },
      { "family": "Langer", "given": "Ana Ines" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vaughanTensionConnectiveAction2023",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/14614448231182617",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 7, 1]] },
    "title": "The tension between connective action and platformisation: Disconnected action in the GameStop short squeeze",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "vermeerBetterUnderstandingNews2020",
    "abstract": "In recent years, the volume of clickstream and user data collected by news organizations has reached enormous proportions. As a result, news organizations-as well as journalism scholars-face novel methodological challenges to describe and analyze this wealth of information. To move forward, we demonstrate a computational approach to understand the news journeys Web users take to find the news they want to read. We propose the use of Markov chains. These models provide an effective and compact way to discover meaningful patterns in clickstream data. In particular, they capture the sequentiality in news use patterns. We illustrate this approach with an analysis of more than 1 million Web pages, from 175 websites (news websites, search engines, social media), collected over 8 months in 2017/18. The analysis of such data is of high interest to journalism scholars, but can also help news organizations to design sales strategies, provide more personalized content, and find the most effective structure for their website.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vermeerBetterUnderstandingNews2020",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2020.1722958",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "7, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 5, 18]] },
    "page": "879-894",
    "title": "Toward a Better Understanding of News User Journeys: A Markov Chain Approach",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "21"
  },
  {
    "id": "vermeerBreakStoryExamining2023",
    "abstract": "The increasing reliance on social media as a source of news, particularly among adolescents, raises important questions for democracy regarding the potential of these platforms to promote engagement with politics. This study sought to examine adolescents' affective (emotions, feelings), behavioural (actions and issue-specific interest), and cognitive (issue-specific knowledge) responses to political news on Instagram Stories. We conducted a field experiment among adolescents in the Netherlands (N = 149). We exposed respondents for seven days to political news items from fictive news organizations. Respondents received either (i) Stories with a link to a news item or (ii) Stories with a link to a news item and interactive feedback features (i.e., polls, quiz stickers, and emoji sliders). The results showed no significant differences in affective, behavioural, and cognitive responses between adolescents who have been exposed to Instagram Stories with high interactivity compared to those who received a link to a news item, indicating that interactivity had no effect on these responses. The results indicate that political interest increased for all respondents throughout the experiment-irrespective of the interactivity of the Instagram Stories. This possibly indicates that exposure to political news through Instagram Stories fosters engagement with politics and current events among adolescents.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" },
      {
        "family": "Heijkant",
        "given": "Linda",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van den"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vermeerBreakStoryExamining2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2023.2246067",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 8, 26]] },
    "title": "Break a Story: Examining the Effects of Instagram Stories from News Accounts on Adolescents' Political Learning",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "vermeerOnlineNewsUser2020",
    "abstract": "The complexity and diversity of today's media landscape provides many challenges for scholars studying online news consumption. Yet it is unclear how news consumers navigate online. Moving forward, we used a custom-built browser plug-in-passively tracking Dutch online news consumers 24/7-to examine how context (website) and content (news topic) features affect patterns of online news consumption. This resulted in a data set containing more than one million Web pages, from 175 websites (news websites, search engines, social media), collected over 8 months in 2017/18. We used automated content analysis to retrieve news topics, and estimated Markov chains to detect consumption patterns. Our findings indicate that news consumers often directly visit their favorite (typically mainstream) news outlet, and continue browsing within that outlet. We also found a strong preference for entertainment news over any other topic. Although social media often offer entertainment news, they are not necessarily the starting point to such news.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vermeerOnlineNewsUser2020",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2020.1767509",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "9",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11, 12]] },
    "page": "1114-1141",
    "title": "Online News User Journeys: The Role of Social Media, News Websites, and Topics",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "vermeerSeeingWoodTrees2019",
    "abstract": "The increasing volume of firm-related conversations on social media has made it considerably more difficult for marketers to track and analyse electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) about brands, products or services. Firms often use sentiment analysis to identify relevant eWOM that requires a response to consequently engage in webcare. In this paper, we show that sentiment analysis of any kind might not be ideal for this purpose, because it relies on the questionable assumption that only negative eWOM is response-worthy and it is not able to infer meaning from text. We propose and test an approach based on supervised machine learning that first decides whether eWOM is relevant for the brand to respond, and then-based on a categorization of seven different types of eWOM (e.g., question, complaint)-classifies three customer satisfaction dimensions. Using a dataset of approximately 60,000 Facebook comments and 11,000 tweets about 16 different brands in eight different industries, we test and compare the efficacy of various sentiment analysis, dictionary-based and machine learning techniques to detect relevant eWOM. In doing so, this study identifies response-worthy eWOM based on the content instead of its expressed sentiment. The results indicate that these machine learning techniques achieve considerably higher accuracy in detecting relevant eWOM on social media compared to any kind of sentiment analysis. Moreover, it is shown that industry-specific classifiers can further improve this process and that algorithms are applicable across different social networks. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan A. M." },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Bernritter", "given": "Stefan F." },
      { "family": "Noort", "given": "Guda", "non-dropping-particle": "van" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vermeerSeeingWoodTrees2019",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MARKETING",
    "DOI": "10.1016/j.ijresmar.2019.01.010",
    "ISSN": "0167-8116",
    "issue": "3, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 9]] },
    "page": "492-508",
    "title": "Seeing the wood for the trees: How machine learning can help firms in identifying relevant electronic word-of-mouth in social media",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "36"
  },
  {
    "id": "vermeerStillGoingStrong2022",
    "abstract": "Previous research has demonstrated that both visibility of parties, party leaders, candidates, and topics, and the sentiment of this coverage can affect people's decision in the ballot box. Most of this research was, however, done in the period before social media gained importance which has drastically changed the media consumption of citizens. The main aim of this paper is to investigate whether, and if so to what extent, traditional media use during the 2021 Dutch parliamentary elections has (still) affected vote choice in this era of social media. To study this, two-wave panel survey data from the Dutch Parliamentary Election Survey (DPES) are combined with an automated content analysis of newspaper articles (N = 35,511). We created respondent-specific content variables to conduct a linkage analysis. Our analysis, relying on a pooled analysis of respondent-party combinations (N = 54,162), demonstrates that political parties profit electorally from being visible in both newspapers and online outlets. This is in particular true for parties that are not part of parliament yet, thus increasing the further fragmentation and division in Dutch politics. Contrary to the expectations, sentiment in online media has a negative effect, with negative coverage increasing electoral support.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" },
      { "family": "Van Remoortere", "given": "Annelien" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vermeerStillGoingStrong2022",
    "container-title": "ACTA POLITICA",
    "DOI": "10.1057/s41269-022-00270-7",
    "ISSN": "0001-6810",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 11, 24]] },
    "title": "Still going strong? The role of traditional media in the 2021 Dutch parliamentary elections",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "vermeerUsingPanelData2022",
    "abstract": "During times of crisis or instability, citizens are more reliant on news media as a source of information. We need to better understand which news media people consume, how it changes over time, and whether two important predictors of news use - political interest and news media trust - affect news use during times of crisis. Specifically, we investigate the reciprocal dynamics between news media use, political interest, and news media trust in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing survey data from two waves from the Netherlands (N = 907, with a baseline just before the outbreak of the pandemic), we find that both traditional and online news use, based on self-report measures, increased in the first phase of the public health crisis. Our findings lend general but mixed support for the reciprocal dynamics between news media use and political interest. Interestingly, the results indicate a reciprocal relationship both for use of and trust in non-mainstream news websites and use of and trust in social media.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan" },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vermeerUsingPanelData2022",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2021.2017790",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "5-6",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 4, 26]] },
    "page": "740-760",
    "title": "Using Panel Data to Study Political Interest, News Media Trust, and News Media use in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "vermeerWhatsAppPoliticsExamining2021",
    "abstract": "With an increasing number of people, especially adolescents, using more private online platforms, such as WhatsApp, for news, an important question for democracy is whether such platforms can facilitate learning about politics and current events. In this study, we examine adolescents' affective (emotions, feelings), behavioral (actions and behavioral intentions), and cognitive (political knowledge) responses to interpersonal political discussion on WhatsApp. We conducted a preregistered field experiment at six secondary schools in the Netherlands (N = 230). We assigned respondents with strong ties to a WhatsApp group. For seven days, respondents received a link to an online political news item on a daily basis; and (1) either had to reador(2) readanddiscuss it. The results indicate that interpersonal discussion evokes stronger positive emotions and feelings, as well as issue-specific knowledge. In addition, elaboration on the content of political discussion was positively related to issue-specific knowledge. In this way, instant messaging apps may serve as a resource for engaging adolescents with politics and current events.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vermeer", "given": "Susan A. M." },
      { "family": "Kruikemeier", "given": "Sanne" },
      { "family": "Trilling", "given": "Damian" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes H.", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vermeerWhatsAppPoliticsExamining2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRESS-POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1940161220925020",
    "ISSN": "1940-1612",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 4]] },
    "page": "410-437",
    "title": "WhatsApp with Politics⁈ Examining the Effects of Interpersonal Political Discussion in Instant Messaging Apps",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "vigneswaranInconsistencyImmigrationPolicy2023",
    "abstract": "To what extent can we infer government objectives from policies on paper? We show that this assumption in migration scholarship is problematic because most states adopt immigration policies that are inconsistent, combining or alternating between contradictory objectives. Further, we develop a measure to track how immigration policy inconsistency varies over time. We use these methods to demonstrate that some of the main theories of policy inconsistency, which focus on variables located at the national scale, find limited empirical support. Based on these findings, we make the case for further research into the local scale of politics, focusing on the agency of street-level bureaucrats and migrants. We then discuss the potential for crossing quantitative and qualitative divides in order to further explore the impact of local factors on national immigration policies.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Vigneswaran", "given": "Darshan" },
      { "family": "Leon", "given": "Ernesto", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "vigneswaranInconsistencyImmigrationPolicy2023",
    "container-title": "ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/01419870.2023.2263076",
    "ISSN": "0141-9870",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10, 12]] },
    "title": "The inconsistency of immigration policy: the limits of “Top-down” approaches",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "voorveldHowAdvertisingOffline2018",
    "abstract": "Research investigating the drivers of consumers' engagement with brands on social media is proliferating. However, little is known about how advertising outside social media drives engagement with brands on social media. This study aims to explore the relation between advertising spend in different offline media (TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, out of home), and reach of and engagement with brand pages on Facebook. The study uses a unique real-life data-set containing information about the Facebook pages of 45 brands for approximately three years combined with Nielsen Advertising Spend data. Results showed that while advertising in offline media influenced organic and viral reach, the number of page likes was directly influenced by advertising on Facebook only. It can be concluded that offline advertising is relevant in driving consumers' online brand engagement; however, there is a unique set of drivers for organic reach, viral reach and likes.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Voorveld", "given": "Hilde A. M." },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Bernritter", "given": "Stefan F." },
      { "family": "Rietberg", "given": "Edwin" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "voorveldHowAdvertisingOffline2018",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/02650487.2018.1454703",
    "ISSN": "0265-0487",
    "issue": "5",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "785-805",
    "title": "How advertising in offline media drives reach of and engagement with brands on Facebook",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "37"
  },
  {
    "id": "voorveldHowSocialCues2020",
    "abstract": "The aim of this study was to test how two important types of social cues used by virtual assistants today can affect consumer concerns and persuasion. These two cues are modality (voice-based via smart speaker, voice-based via a smartphone, or text-based on a smartphone screen) and the adoption of a human name rather than no name. An online scenario-based experiment (n = 180) has shown that participants who were exposed to a voice-based recommendation via a smart speaker were the most concerned about security and found text-based recommendations on a screen to be the most persuasive. Participants who were exposed to a virtual assistant with a human name were less concerned about their autonomy and were more strongly persuaded than those exposed to an assistant without a human name.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Voorveld", "given": "Hilde A. M." },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "voorveldHowSocialCues2020",
    "container-title": "CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING",
    "DOI": "10.1089/cyber.2019.0205",
    "ISSN": "2152-2715",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 10, 1]] },
    "page": "689-696",
    "title": "How Social Cues in Virtual Assistants Influence Concerns and Persuasion: The Role of Voice and a Human Name",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "23"
  },
  {
    "id": "walgraveInaccuratePoliticiansElected2023",
    "abstract": "Knowledge of what voters prefer is central to several theories of democratic representation and accountability. Despite this, we know little in a comparative sense of how well politicians know citizens' policy preferences. We present results from a study of 866 politicians in four countries. Politicians were asked to estimate the percentage of public support for various policy proposals. Comparing more than 10,000 estimations with actual levels of public support, we conclude that politicians are quite inaccurate estimators of people's preferences. They make large errors and even regularly misperceive what a majority of the voters wants. Politicians are hardly better at estimating public preferences than ordinary citizens. They misperceive not only the preferences of the general public but also the preferences of their own partisan electorate. Politicians are not the experts of public opinion we expect them to be.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Walgrave", "given": "Stefaan" },
      { "family": "Jansen", "given": "Arno" },
      { "family": "Sevenans", "given": "Julie" },
      { "family": "Soontjens", "given": "Karolin" },
      { "family": "Pilet", "given": "Jean-Benoit" },
      { "family": "Brack", "given": "Nathalie" },
      { "family": "Varone", "given": "Frederic" },
      { "family": "Helfer", "given": "Luzia" },
      { "family": "Vliegenthart", "given": "Rens" },
      { "family": "Meer", "given": "Toni", "non-dropping-particle": "van der" },
      { "family": "Breunig", "given": "Christian" },
      { "family": "Bailer", "given": "Stefanie" },
      { "family": "Sheffer", "given": "Lior" },
      { "family": "Loewen", "given": "Peter John" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "walgraveInaccuratePoliticiansElected2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF POLITICS",
    "DOI": "10.1086/722042",
    "ISSN": "0022-3816",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1, 1]] },
    "title": "Inaccurate Politicians: Elected Representatives' Estimations of Public Opinion in Four Countries",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "weberExtractingLatentMoral2018",
    "abstract": "Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) and the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars (MIME) contend that moral judgments are built on a universal set of basic moral intuitions. A large body of research has supported many of MFT's and the MIME's central hypotheses. Yet, an important prerequisite of this research-the ability to extract latent moral content represented in media stimuli with a reliable procedure-has not been systematically studied. In this article, we subject different extraction procedures to rigorous tests, underscore challenges by identifying a range of reliabilities, develop new reliability test and coding procedures employing computational methods, and provide solutions that maximize the reliability and validity of moral intuition extraction. In six content analytical studies, including a large crowd-based study, we demonstrate that: (1) traditional content analytical approaches lead to rather low reliabilities; (2) variation in coding reliabilities can be predicted by both text features and characteristics of the human coders; and (3) reliability is largely unaffected by the detail of coder training. We show that a coding task with simplified training and a coding technique that treats moral foundations as fast, spontaneous intuitions leads to acceptable inter-rater agreement, and potentially to more valid moral intuition extractions. While this study was motivated by issues related to MFT and MIME research, the methods and findings in this study have implications for extracting latent content from text narratives that go beyond moral information. Accordingly, we provide a tool for researchers interested in applying this new approach in their own work.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" },
      { "family": "Mangus", "given": "J. Michael" },
      { "family": "Huskey", "given": "Richard" },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Amir", "given": "Ori" },
      { "family": "Swanson", "given": "Reid" },
      { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Andrew" },
      { "family": "Khooshabeh", "given": "Peter" },
      { "family": "Hahn", "given": "Lindsay" },
      { "family": "Tamborini", "given": "Ron" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "weberExtractingLatentMoral2018",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2018.1447656",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "2-3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "119-139",
    "title": "Extracting Latent Moral Information from Text Narratives: Relevance, Challenges, and Solutions",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "12"
  },
  {
    "id": "weberTakingMessagesMagnet2018",
    "abstract": "Brain imaging techniques within communication research have rapidly expanded in popularity in recent years, driven by an increase in access to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology and by theoretical developments within the field. In this manuscript, we present an overview of research from within communication and cognate disciplines that has leveraged insights from fMRI research to push the envelope, demonstrating a synergy between methodological and theoretical progress. In addition, we provide a review of fMRI technology, methodology, and theoretical considerations, focusing on recent developments in the cognitive and brain sciences that are of special relevance to communication scholars. Finally, we provide a series of practical recommendations and resources for communication scholars interested in conducting fMRI studies.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" },
      { "family": "Fisher", "given": "Jacob T." },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Lonergan", "given": "Chelsea" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "weberTakingMessagesMagnet2018",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPHS",
    "DOI": "10.1080/03637751.2017.1395059",
    "ISSN": "0363-7751",
    "issue": "1, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "81-102",
    "title": "Taking messages into the magnet: Method-theory synergy in communication neuroscience",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "85"
  },
  {
    "id": "weeksPartisanMediaUntrustworthy2023",
    "abstract": "This study investigates the potential role both untrustworthy and partisan websites play in misinforming audiences by testing whether actual exposure to these sites is associated with political misperceptions. Using a sample of American adult social media users, we match data from individuals' Internet browser histories with a survey measuring the accuracy of political beliefs. We find that visits to partisan websites are at times related to misperceptions consistent with the political bias of the site. However, we do not find strong evidence that untrustworthy websites consistently relate to false beliefs. There is also little evidence that visits to less partisan, centrist news sites are associated with more accurate political beliefs about these issues, suggesting that exposure to politically neutral news is not necessarily the antidote to misinformation. Results suggest that focusing on partisan news sites-rather than untrustworthy sites-may be fruitful to understanding how media contribute to political misperceptions.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Weeks", "given": "Brian E." },
      { "family": "Menchen-Trevino", "given": "Ericka" },
      { "family": "Calabrese", "given": "Christopher" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "weeksPartisanMediaUntrustworthy2023",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/14614448211033300",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 10]] },
    "page": "2644-2662",
    "title": "Partisan media, untrustworthy news sites, and political misperceptions",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "25"
  },
  {
    "id": "weinmannDonCarePolitics2017",
    "abstract": "Drawing on the affect infusion model and on affective disposition theory, this study aims to explain the influence of viewers' affective disposition toward the guests of political TV talk shows on their information processing and judgments. The affective disposition was manipulated in an experiment. Results suggest that this affective disposition remained stable during exposure to the program, leading to predetermined information processing of the discussed political issue and a judgment that is consistent with the one made by the guest. Without prior manipulation of affective disposition, affective involvement with the issue influenced the viewers' judgments instead, indicating open information processing.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Weinmann", "given": "Carina" },
      { "family": "Roth", "given": "Franziska S." },
      { "family": "Schneider", "given": "Frank M." },
      { "family": "Kraemer", "given": "Tanja" },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Bindl", "given": "Melanie J." },
      { "family": "Vorderer", "given": "Peter" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "weinmannDonCarePolitics2017",
    "container-title": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "ISSN": "1932-8036",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "3118-3140",
    "title": "“I Don't Care About Politics, I Just Like That Guy!” Affective Disposition and Political Attributes in Information Processing of Political Talk Shows",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "11"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersGatekeeperGatekeepersNews2018",
    "abstract": "This paper investigates the influence of news agency Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau (ANP) on the coverage and diversity of political news in Dutch national newspapers. Using computational text analysis, we analyzed the influence on print newspapers across three years (1996, 2008, and 2013) and compared influence on print and online newspapers in 2013. Results indicate that the influence of ANP on print newspapers only increased slightly. Online newspapers, however, depend heavily on ANP and are highly similar as a result of such dependence. We draw conclusions relating to the gatekeeping role of news agencies in the digital age in general, and in the context of the Netherlands in particular. Additionally, we demonstrate that techniques from the field of information retrieval can be used to perform these analyses on a large scale. Our scripts and instructions are published open-source to stimulate the use of these techniques in communication studies.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      { "family": "Ruigrok", "given": "Nel" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersGatekeeperGatekeepersNews2018",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM STUDIES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/1461670X.2016.1190663",
    "ISSN": "1461-670X",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "315-333",
    "title": "A Gatekeeper among Gatekeepers: News agency influence in print and online newspapers in the Netherlands",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "19"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersGatekeepingTransition2016",
    "author": [{ "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" }],
    "citation-key": "welbersGatekeepingTransition2016",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATIONS-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH",
    "DOI": "10.1515/commun-2016-0007",
    "ISSN": "0341-2059",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 7]] },
    "page": "225-227",
    "title": "Gatekeeping in transition",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "41"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersLinkingEventArchives2022",
    "abstract": "Digital archives that document real-world events provide new opportunities for large-scale analyses of how news coverage represents reality. We present a method and open-source tool for linking event data to news articles, and demonstrate its application with an analysis of event and country level predictors of terrorism coverage in The Guardian from 2006 to 2018, using event data from the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). Our method builds on established techniques for calculating document similarity, and we propose a novel strategy for fine-tuning parameters of the event matching algorithm that requires no manual coding. An online appendix is provided that documents all code to replicate our analysis and reuse our tools.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" },
      { "family": "Bajjalieh", "given": "Joe" },
      { "family": "Shalmon", "given": "Dan" },
      { "family": "Joshi", "given": "Pradnyesh Vineet" },
      { "family": "Althaus", "given": "Scott" },
      { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chung-Hong" },
      { "family": "Wessler", "given": "Hartmut" },
      { "family": "Jungblut", "given": "Marc" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersLinkingEventArchives2022",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2021.1953455",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 1, 2]] },
    "page": "59-78",
    "title": "Linking event archives to news: a computational method for analyzing the gatekeeping process",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "16"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersNewsSelectionCriteria2016",
    "abstract": "On newspaper websites, journalists can observe the preferences of the audience in unprecedented detail and for low costs, based on the audience clicks (i.e. page views) for specific news articles. This article addresses whether journalists use this information to cater to audience preferences in their news selection choices. We analyzed the print and online editions of five national newspapers from the Netherlands with a mixed-method approach. Using a cross-lagged analysis covering 6months, we found that storylines of the most-viewed articles were more likely to receive attention in subsequent reporting, which indicates that audience clicks affect news selection. However, based on interviews with editors we found that they consider the use of this information for news selection to conflict with professional norms. We elaborate on the implications of this discrepancy in the norms and behaviors of journalists, and project directions for future studies.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      },
      { "family": "Kleinnijenhuis", "given": "Jan" },
      { "family": "Ruigrok", "given": "Nel" },
      { "family": "Schaper", "given": "Joep" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersNewsSelectionCriteria2016",
    "container-title": "JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1464884915595474",
    "ISSN": "1464-8849",
    "issue": "8",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2016", 11]] },
    "page": "1037-1053",
    "title": "News selection criteria in the digital age: Professional norms versus online audience metrics",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "17"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersPRESENTINGNEWSSOCIAL2019",
    "abstract": "With the rising popularity of social media as news sources, a new common format element for presenting news has emerged: in addition to the classic headline, lead and picture, news organizations add a status message when they share their news articles on social media such as Twitter and Facebook. Based on media logic theory, we argue that the communication style of these messages is likely to be more interpersonal and subjective. To investigate this we used computational text analysis to compare status messages to headlines and leads, covering nine newspapers from the Netherlands and Flanders over a period of 2.5 years. We conclude that newspapers use status messages to add a subjective expression to news on social media, and call for research into how this takes shape and affects the audience.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Opgenhaffen", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersPRESENTINGNEWSSOCIAL2019",
    "container-title": "DIGITAL JOURNALISM",
    "DOI": "10.1080/21670811.2018.1493939",
    "ISSN": "2167-0811",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019"]] },
    "page": "45-62",
    "title": "PRESENTING NEWS ON SOCIAL MEDIA Media logic in the communication style of newspapers on Facebook",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "7"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersScrapersAPIDataarchives2018",
    "abstract": "Journalism research increasingly investigates large amounts of digital content, but collecting such content raises technological, legal, and ethical issues. This paper provides an overview of three techniques for collecting digital content (web scraping, API's and data-archives) in light of legal and ethical considerations. As opposed to existing manuals, our focus is not on teaching how to apply these methods which requires time that not all researchers are willing to invest but on their general purpose and limitations, including ethical considerations that cannot be outsourced. The goal is to enable researchers to make informed data collection decisions and, if necessary, to better communicate with hired programmers.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Opgenhaffen", "given": "Michael" },
      { "family": "Janssens", "given": "Marie-Christine" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersScrapersAPIDataarchives2018",
    "container-title": "TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAP",
    "ISSN": "1384-6930",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018"]] },
    "page": "25+",
    "title": "Scrapers, API's and data-archives: techniques for collecting digital news content",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "46"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersSocialMediaGatekeeping2018",
    "abstract": "Due to the rising importance of social media platforms for news diffusion, newspapers are relying on social media editors to promote the distribution of their news items on these platforms. In this study, we investigate how much of an impact these social media editors really have, focusing on the impact of newspapers' public pages on Facebook. Since the actions of individual users are not visible on many platforms due to privacy consideration, we propose a method that leverages time series of aggregated scores for total user engagement, which are available for various platforms. We use this method to study and compare the influence of Facebook pages for six newspapers from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Flanders, for all news items published over 2 weeks in 2017.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Opgenhaffen", "given": "Michael" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersSocialMediaGatekeeping2018",
    "container-title": "NEW MEDIA & SOCIETY",
    "DOI": "10.1177/1461444818784302",
    "ISSN": "1461-4448",
    "issue": "12",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2018", 12]] },
    "page": "4728-4747",
    "title": "Social media gatekeeping: An analysis of the gatekeeping influence of newspapers' public Facebook pages",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "20"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersStylisticAccommodationInternet2014",
    "abstract": "Internet forums are theorized to be important social platforms for peer influence. Current research tends to conceptualize peer influence as adoption processes, investigating whether information received from network contacts stimulate the adoption of a product, service, taste, or attitude. Accordingly, research interest is focused on the first time a product is used. In contrast, the present study investigates mutual and recurrent adaptation between users of an internet forum. This adaptation is theorized to signal engagement in the discussion, which is part of a bonding process. It is essential to internet forum use because this social medium offers no facilities for selecting and evaluating your discussion partners. Using communication accommodation theory, linguistic style matching, and a statistical network model, we analyze style adaptation on an internet forum for the Moroccan minority in the Netherlands. Our results show that posters adapt their style to the style of previous posters within the same thread (discussion) as well as previous posts in other threads within the same section (topic), especially in the case of style elements related to a shared identity. Significant others on the forum-other posters quoted or referenced directly at least two times-also function as style examples provided that they are present in the current discussion. We argue that these effects have wider significance for research into gratifications of online forums for participants and practical relevance for monitoring and moderating discussions on online forums.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Nooy", "given": "Wouter", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersStylisticAccommodationInternet2014",
    "container-title": "AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0002764214527086",
    "ISSN": "0002-7642",
    "issue": "10, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2014", 9]] },
    "page": "1361-1375",
    "title": "Stylistic Accommodation on an Internet Forum as Bonding: Do Posters Adapt to the Style of Their Peers?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "58"
  },
  {
    "id": "welbersTextAnalysis2017",
    "abstract": "Computational text analysis has become an exciting research field with many applications in communication research. It can be a difficult method to apply, however, because it requires knowledge of various techniques, and the software required to perform most of these techniques is not readily available in common statistical software packages. In this teacher's corner, we address these barriers by providing an overview of general steps and operations in a computational text analysis project, and demonstrate how each step can be performed using the R statistical software. As a popular open-source platform, R has an extensive user community that develops and maintains a wide range of text analysis packages. We show that these packages make it easy to perform advanced text analytics.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      { "family": "Van Atteveldt", "given": "Wouter" },
      { "family": "Benoit", "given": "Kenneth" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "welbersTextAnalysis2017",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2017.1387238",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "245-265",
    "title": "Text Analysis in R",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "11"
  },
  {
    "id": "wesslerMultiperspectivalNormativeAssessment2022",
    "abstract": "This article provides a model for how communication phenomena can be normatively assessed using multiple normative perspectives simultaneously. We exemplify the procedure of multiperspectival normative assessment (MNA) using mediated reactions to terrorism as our case in point. We first identify the normative challenges related to the speed and substance of terrorism communication and the ways in which relations of solidarity are communicatively constructed in reacting to terrorism. We link these challenges to four distinct normative theories that prioritize competing values for public discourse (freedom, community values, empowerment of the marginalized or constructive debate). The resulting set of competing normative expectations, which help assess the performance of terrorism communication, are eventually translated into recommendations for professional and non-professional communicators. In conclusion, we show how MNA can help ground empirical scholarship in firmer theoretical foundations while simultaneously demonstrating the usefulness of normative theory in analyzing a wide range of issues.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Wessler", "given": "Hartmut" },
      { "family": "Althaus", "given": "Scott L." },
      { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chung-hong" },
      { "family": "Jungblut", "given": "Marc" },
      { "family": "Welbers", "given": "Kasper" },
      {
        "family": "Atteveldt",
        "given": "Wouter",
        "non-dropping-particle": "van"
      }
    ],
    "citation-key": "wesslerMultiperspectivalNormativeAssessment2022",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION THEORY",
    "DOI": "10.1093/ct/qtab007",
    "ISSN": "1050-3293",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 7, 28]] },
    "page": "363-386",
    "title": "Multiperspectival Normative Assessment: The Case of Mediated Reactions to Terrorism",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "32"
  },
  {
    "id": "whitlockDisentanglingAssociationScreen2019",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Whitlock", "given": "Janis" },
      { "family": "Masur", "given": "Philipp K." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "whitlockDisentanglingAssociationScreen2019",
    "container-title": "JAMA PEDIATRICS",
    "DOI": "10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3191",
    "ISSN": "2168-6203",
    "issue": "11",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2019", 11]] },
    "page": "1021-1022",
    "title": "Disentangling the Association of Screen Time With Developmental Outcomes and Well-being Problems, Challenges, and Opportunities",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "173"
  },
  {
    "id": "whittakerRecommenderSystemsAmplification2021",
    "abstract": "Policymakers have recently expressed concerns over the role of recommendation algorithms and their role in forming “filter bubbles”. This is a particularly prescient concern in the context of extremist content online; these algorithms may promote extremist content at the expense of more moderate voices. In this article, we make two contributions to this debate. Firstly, we provide a novel empirical analysis of three platforms' recommendation systems when interacting with far-right content. We find that one platform-YouTube-does amplify extreme and fringe content, while two-Reddit and Gab-do not. Secondly, we contextualise these findings into the regulatory debate. There are currently few policy instruments for dealing with algorithmic amplification, and those that do exist largely focus on transparency. We argue that policymakers have yet to fully understand the problems inherent in “de-amplifying” legal, borderline content and argue that a co-regulatory approach may offer a route towards tackling many of these challenges.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Whittaker", "given": "Joe" },
      { "family": "Looney", "given": "Sean" },
      { "family": "Reed", "given": "Alastair" },
      { "family": "Votta", "given": "Fabio" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "whittakerRecommenderSystemsAmplification2021",
    "container-title": "INTERNET POLICY REVIEW",
    "DOI": "10.14763/2021.2.1565",
    "ISSN": "2197-6775",
    "issue": "2, SI",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021"]] },
    "title": "Recommender systems and the amplification of extremist content",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "10"
  },
  {
    "id": "wilkersonLargeScaleComputerizedText2017",
    "abstract": "Text has always been an important data source in political science. What has changed in recent years is the feasibility of investigating large amounts of text quantitatively. The internet provides political scientists with more data than their mentors could have imagined, and the research community is providing accessible text analysis software packages, along with training and support. As a result, text-as-data research is becoming mainstream in political science. Scholars are tapping new data sources, they are employing more diverse methods, and they are becoming critical consumers of findings based on those methods. In this article, we first describe the four stages of a typical text-as-data project. We then review recent political science applications and explore one important methodological challenge-topic model instability-in greater detail.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Wilkerson", "given": "John" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "wilkersonLargeScaleComputerizedText2017",
    "collection-title": "Annual Review of Political Science",
    "container-title": "ANNUAL REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, VOL 20",
    "DOI": "10.1146/annurev-polisci-052615-025542",
    "ISSN": "1094-2939",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2017"]] },
    "page": "529-544",
    "title": "Large-Scale Computerized Text Analysis in Political Science: Opportunities and Challenges",
    "type": "chapter",
    "volume": "20"
  },
  {
    "id": "wojcieszakCanAIEnhance2021",
    "abstract": "Although artificial intelligence is blamed for many societal challenges, it also has underexplored potential in political contexts online. We rely on six preregistered experiments in three countries (N = 6,728) to test the expectation that AI and AI-assisted humans would be perceived more favorably than humans (a) across various content moderation, generation, and recommendation scenarios and (b) when exposing individuals to counter-attitudinal political information. Contrary to the preregistered hypotheses, participants see human agents as more just than AI across the scenarios tested, with the exception of news recommendations. At the same time, participants are not more open to counter-attitudinal information attributed to AI rather than a human or an AI-assisted human. These findings, which-with minor variations-emerged across countries, scenarios, and issues, suggest that human intervention is preferred online and that people reject dissimilar information regardless of its source. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Lay Summary In the era of unprecedented political divides and misinformation, artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms are often seen as the culprits. In contrast to these dominant narratives, we argued that AI might be seen as being less biased than a human in online political contexts. We relied on six preregistered experiments in three countries (the United Sates, Spain, Poland) to test whether internet users perceive AI and AI-assisted humans more favorably than simply humans; (a) across various distinct scenarios online, and (b) when exposing people to opposing political information on a range of contentious issues. Contrary to our expectations, human agents were consistently perceived more favorably than AI except when recommending news. These findings suggest that people prefer human intervention in most online political contexts.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" },
      { "family": "Thakur", "given": "Arti" },
      { "family": "Goncalves", "given": "Joao Fernando Ferreira" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Menchen-Trevino", "given": "Ericka" },
      { "family": "Boon", "given": "Miriam" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "wojcieszakCanAIEnhance2021",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1093/jcmc/zmab006",
    "ISSN": "1083-6101",
    "issue": "4",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 7]] },
    "page": "223-243",
    "title": "Can AI Enhance People's Support for Online Moderation and Their Openness to Dissimilar Political Views?",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "26"
  },
  {
    "id": "wojcieszakMostUsersNot2022",
    "abstract": "We offer comprehensive evidence of preferences for ideological congruity when people engage with politicians, pundits, and news organizations on social media. Using 4 years of data (2016-2019) from a random sample of 1.5 million Twitter users, we examine three behaviors studied separately to date: (i) following of in-group versus out-group elites, (ii) sharing in-group versus out-group information (retweeting), and (iii) commenting on the shared information (quote tweeting). We find that the majority of users (60%) do not follow any political elites. Those who do follow in-group elite accounts at much higher rates than out-group accounts (90 versus 10%), share information from in-group elites 13 times more frequently than from out-group elites, and often add negative comments to the shared out-group information. Conservatives are twice as likely as liberals to share in-group versus out-group content. These patterns are robust, emerge across issues and political elites, and exist regardless of users' ideological extremity.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Yu", "given": "Xudong" },
      { "family": "Nagler", "given": "Jonathan" },
      { "family": "Tucker", "given": "Joshua A." }
    ],
    "citation-key": "wojcieszakMostUsersNot2022",
    "container-title": "SCIENCE ADVANCES",
    "DOI": "10.1126/sciadv.abn9418",
    "ISSN": "2375-2548",
    "issue": "39",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 9, 30]] },
    "title": "Most users do not follow political elites on Twitter; those who do show overwhelming preferences for ideological congruity",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "8"
  },
  {
    "id": "wojcieszakNullEffectsNews2022",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" },
      {
        "family": "Hohenberg",
        "given": "Bernhard Clemm",
        "non-dropping-particle": "von"
      },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Menchen-Trevino", "given": "Ericka" },
      { "family": "Leeuw", "given": "Sjifra", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Goncalves", "given": "Alexandre" },
      { "family": "Boon", "given": "Miriam" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "wojcieszakNullEffectsNews2022",
    "container-title": "HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS",
    "DOI": "10.1057/s41599-022-01477-x",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 12, 14]] },
    "title": "Null effects of news exposure: a test of the (un)desirable effects of a `news vacation' and `news binging' (vol 9, 413, 2022)",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "wojcieszakNullEffectsNews2022a",
    "abstract": "Democratic theorists and the public emphasize the centrality of news media to a well-functioning society. Yet, there are reasons to believe that news exposure can have a range of largely overlooked detrimental effects. This preregistered project examines news exposure effects on desirable outcomes, i.e., political knowledge, participation, and support for compromise, and detrimental outcomes, i.e., attitude and affective polarization, negative system perceptions, and worsened individual well-being. We rely on two complementary over-time experiments that combine participants' survey self-reports and their behavioral browsing data: one that incentivized participants to take a `news vacation' for a week (N = 803; 6M visits) in the US, the other to `news binge' for 2 weeks (N = 939; 4M visits) in Poland. Across both experiments, we demonstrate that reducing or increasing news exposure has no impact on the positive or negative outcomes tested. These null effects emerge irrespective of participants' prior levels of news consumption and whether prior news diet was like-minded, and regardless of compliance levels. We argue that these findings reflect the reality of limited news exposure in the real world, with news exposure comprising on average roughly 3% of citizens' online information diet.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" },
      {
        "family": "Hohenberg",
        "given": "Bernhard Clemm",
        "non-dropping-particle": "von"
      },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Menchen-Trevino", "given": "Ericka" },
      { "family": "Leeuw", "given": "Sjifra", "non-dropping-particle": "de" },
      { "family": "Goncalves", "given": "Alexandre" },
      { "family": "Boon", "given": "Miriam" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "wojcieszakNullEffectsNews2022a",
    "container-title": "HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS",
    "DOI": "10.1057/s41599-022-01423-x",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 11, 18]] },
    "title": "Null effects of news exposure: a test of the (un)desirable effects of a `news vacation' and `news binging'",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "9"
  },
  {
    "id": "yangExposureNewsGrows2020",
    "abstract": "The abundance of media options is a central feature of today's information environment. Many accounts, often based on analysis of desktop-only news use, suggest that this increased choice leads to audience fragmentation, ideological segregation, and echo chambers with no cross-cutting exposure. Contrary to many of those claims, this paper uses observational multiplatform data capturing both desktop and mobile use to demonstrate that coexposure to diverse news is on the rise, and that ideological self-selection does not explain most of that coexposure. We show that mainstream media outlets offer the common ground where ideologically diverse audiences converge online, though our analysis also reveals that more than half of the US online population consumes no online news, underlining the risk of increased information inequality driven by self-selection along lines of interest. For this study, we use an unprecedented combination of observed data from the United States comprising a 5-y time window and involving tens of thousands of panelists. Our dataset traces news consumption across different devices and unveils important differences in news diets when multiplatform or desktop-only access is used. We discuss the implications of our findings for how we think about the current communication environment, exposure to news, and ongoing attempts to limit the effects of misinformation.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Yang", "given": "Tian" },
      { "family": "Majo-Vazquez", "given": "Silvia" },
      { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "Rasmus K." },
      { "family": "Gonzalez-Bailon", "given": "Sandra" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "yangExposureNewsGrows2020",
    "container-title": "PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA",
    "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.2006089117",
    "ISSN": "0027-8424",
    "issue": "46",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2020", 11, 17]] },
    "page": "28678-28683",
    "title": "Exposure to news grows less fragmented with an increase in mobile access",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "117"
  },
  {
    "id": "youkMeasuresArgumentStrength2023",
    "abstract": "The present research examined how value-free and value-driven measures of argument strength (MAS) can be computationally extracted using a theory-driven approach at scale in a naturalistic setting by analyzing a total of 7,961 real-world debates and 42,716 judgments in rhetorical quality. In the first study, value-free MAS was significantly related to the rhetorical quality of arguments (i.e. their persuasiveness). The results indicate that the side that provides more information-source citation, less quantitative specificity, more unique words, and more abstract language is more likely to be perceived as convincing in dialectical argumentation, where two people are exchanging opposing arguments. In the second study, the added influence of value-driven MAS is investigated. The results show that the similarity between the moral values represented in arguments and those that are salient to argument receivers predicts the rhetorical quality. The research demonstrates how rhetorical quality can be measured and predicted at scale, and how naturally generated arguments can be used for scientific progress in persuasion research.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Youk", "given": "Sungbin" },
      { "family": "Malik", "given": "Musa" },
      { "family": "Chen", "given": "Yibei" },
      { "family": "Hopp", "given": "Frederic R." },
      { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rene" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "youkMeasuresArgumentStrength2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2023.2230866",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 7, 9]] },
    "title": "Measures of Argument Strength: A Computational, Large-Scale Analysis of Effective Persuasion in Real-World Debates",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "yunBuildingFutureDigital2023",
    "abstract": "In this article we provide a primer for blockchain technology (BT) and explain ways that it has been applied (or can be applied) to the field of advertising research and practice. We situate this primer inside a critical look at the evolution of digital advertising that has been driven largely by immediate technological need for the maximization of profit rather than considerations for societal well-being. We discuss arenas in which the current state of digital advertising is not well positioned to maximize societal well-being and has built a consumer distrust of digital advertising, specifically with regard to the areas of privacy invasion, value to consumers, technology companies' power, inaccuracies of personalizations, and misinformation spread. Throughout this article we discuss how blockchain technologies can be used as a research environment for testing new paths for digital advertising that could tackle these issues and be more beneficial to society. We also provide an overview of avenues for future research on BT application in the digital advertising ecosystem.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Yun", "given": "Joseph T." },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "yunBuildingFutureDigital2023",
    "container-title": "JOURNAL OF CURRENT ISSUES AND RESEARCH IN ADVERTISING",
    "DOI": "10.1080/10641734.2022.2090464",
    "ISSN": "1064-1734",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1, 2]] },
    "page": "24-37",
    "title": "Building the Future of Digital Advertising One Block at a Time: How Blockchain Technology Can Change Advertising Practice and Research",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "44"
  },
  {
    "id": "yuNullEffectsHappiness2021",
    "abstract": "Affective polarization is a key concern in America and other democracies. Although past evidence suggests some ways to minimize it, there are no easily applicable interventions that have been found to work in the increasingly polarized climate. This project examines whether irrelevant factors, or incidental happiness more specifically, have the power to reduce affective polarization (i.e., misattribution of affect or “carryover effect”). On the flip side, happiness can minimize systematic processing, thus enhancing beliefs in conspiracy theories and impeding individual ability to recognize deep fakes. Three preregistered survey experiments in the US, Poland, and the Netherlands (total N = 3611) induced happiness in three distinct ways. Happiness had no effects on affective polarization toward political outgroups and hostility toward various divisive social groups, and also on endorsement of conspiracy theories and beliefs that a deep fake was real. Two additional studies in the US and Poland (total N = 2220), also induced anger and anxiety, confirming that all these incidental emotions had null effects. These findings, which emerged uniformly in three different countries, among different partisan and ideological groups, and for those for whom the inductions were differently effective, underscore the stability of outgroup attitudes in contemporary America and other countries.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Yu", "given": "Xudong" },
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" },
      { "family": "Lee", "given": "Seungsu" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" },
      { "family": "Azrout", "given": "Rachid" },
      { "family": "Gackowski", "given": "Tomasz" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "yuNullEffectsHappiness2021",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s11109-021-09701-1",
    "ISSN": "0190-9320",
    "issue": "3",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 9]] },
    "page": "1265-1287",
    "title": "The (Null) Effects of Happiness on Affective Polarization, Conspiracy Endorsement, and Deep Fake Recognition: Evidence from Five Survey Experiments in Three Countries",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "43"
  },
  {
    "id": "yuPartisanshipSocialMedia2023",
    "abstract": "Americans view their in-party members positively and out-party members negatively. It remains unclear, however, whether in-party affinity (i.e., positive partisanship) or out-party animosity (i.e., negative partisanship) more strongly influences political attitudes and behaviors. Unlike past work, which relies on survey self-reports or experimental designs among ordinary citizens, this pre-registered project examines actual social media expressions of an exhaustive list of American politicians as well as citizens' engagement with these posts. Relying on 1,195,844 tweets sent by 564 political elites (i.e., members of US House and Senate, Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominees from 2000 to 2020, and members of the Trump Cabinet) and machine learning to reliably classify the tone of the tweets, we show that elite expressions online are driven by positive partisanship more than negative partisanship. Although politicians post many tweets negative toward the out-party, they post more tweets positive toward their in-party. However, more ideologically extreme politicians and those in the opposition (i.e., the Democrats) are more negative toward the out-party than those ideologically moderate and whose party is in power. Furthermore, examining how Twitter users react to these posts, we find that negative partisanship plays a greater role in online engagement: users are more likely to like and share politicians' tweets negative toward the out-party than tweets positive toward the in-party. This project has important theoretical and democratic implications, and extends the use of trace data and computational methods in political behavior.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Yu", "given": "Xudong" },
      { "family": "Wojcieszak", "given": "Magdalena" },
      { "family": "Casas", "given": "Andreu" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "yuPartisanshipSocialMedia2023",
    "container-title": "POLITICAL BEHAVIOR",
    "DOI": "10.1007/s11109-022-09850-x",
    "ISSN": "0190-9320",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1, 8]] },
    "title": "Partisanship on Social Media: In-Party Love Among American Politicians, Greater Engagement with Out-Party Hate Among Ordinary Users",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "zaroualiComparingChatbotsOnline2023",
    "abstract": "As chatbots are gaining more popularity than ever, they have recently been considered as interesting tools for survey administration in social science research. To explore this idea, we investigated the extent to which there are differences in response characteristics and data quality between a traditional, web-based survey and a conversational, chatbot-based survey (which we integrated in an instant messaging app). In addition, we zoomed into how respondents evaluate both survey modes. Using a longitudinal design, we also explored how response characteristics evolved over a period of two weeks. Overall, we did not find evidence that chatbots might be better survey administration tools than web surveys. On the contrary, the web survey often seemed to generate more favorable response characteristics and data quality. Finally, when it comes to user perceptions, we found that the chatbot survey was evaluated less favorably in terms of perceived enjoyment, usefulness, and security. Based on these results, we draw conclusions about whether chatbots can be considered as valid alternatives for traditional web survey methods.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Zarouali", "given": "Brahim" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Ohme", "given": "Jakob" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "zaroualiComparingChatbotsOnline2023",
    "container-title": "COMMUNICATION METHODS AND MEASURES",
    "DOI": "10.1080/19312458.2022.2156489",
    "ISSN": "1931-2458",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2023", 1, 14]] },
    "title": "Comparing Chatbots and Online Surveys for (Longitudinal) Data Collection: An Investigation of Response Characteristics, Data Quality, and User Evaluation",
    "type": "article-journal"
  },
  {
    "id": "zaroualiExploringPeoplePerceptions2022",
    "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created one of the largest medical, financial, and social disruption in history. In the fight against this virus, many European governments have turned to collecting and using online data (for various technological applications) as a key strategic remedy. This study consists of data from a national representative survey in the Netherlands focusing on the extent to which data-driven technologies from the government can count on the support of the general public. By focusing on trust perceptions, risk beliefs and privacy concerns, we introduce a typology consisting of three subgroups: the sceptical, the carefree, and the neutral respondents. It was found that each of the three groups exhibit unique demographic characteristics. In addition, findings also revealed that these three identified groups have different support levels for specific digital solutions from the government. These findings contribute to an important and timely debate and entail relevant policy implications with regard to the democratic legitimation of data-driven technologies in times of COVID-19.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Zarouali", "given": "Brahim" },
      { "family": "Strycharz", "given": "Joanna" },
      { "family": "Helberger", "given": "Natali" },
      { "family": "Vreese", "given": "Claes", "non-dropping-particle": "de" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "zaroualiExploringPeoplePerceptions2022",
    "container-title": "BEHAVIOUR & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY",
    "DOI": "10.1080/0144929X.2021.2022208",
    "ISSN": "0144-929X",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2022", 7, 27]] },
    "page": "2035-2046",
    "title": "Exploring people's perceptions and support of data-driven technology in times of COVID-19: the role of trust, risk, and privacy concerns",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "41"
  },
  {
    "id": "zaroualiOvercomingPolarizationChatbot2021",
    "abstract": "Chatbots are a burgeoning opportunity for news media outlets to disseminate their content in a conversational way, and create an engaging experience around it. Since chatbots are social and interactive technologies, they might be effective tools to lower the threshold of engaging with news content containing opposing views. In an experiment, we test this idea by investigating whether people are more likely to accept a news article containing conflicting views when it is delivered by a chatbot, as compared with the same article on a news website. The results indicated that people agreed more to a counter-attitudinal news article when it was delivered by a news chatbot (compared with the website article). In addition, users also perceived this chatbot article as more credible. The underlying process for this effect was that people attributed human-like characteristics to the chatbot on an implicit level (i.e., perceived mindless anthropomorphism). These results are discussed in the light of their potential contribution to an informed public discourse and a decrease in polarization in our society.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Zarouali", "given": "Brahim" },
      { "family": "Makhortykh", "given": "Mykola" },
      { "family": "Bastian", "given": "Mariella" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "zaroualiOvercomingPolarizationChatbot2021",
    "container-title": "EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION",
    "DOI": "10.1177/0267323120940908",
    "ISSN": "0267-3231",
    "issue": "1",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2021", 2]] },
    "page": "53-68",
    "title": "Overcoming polarization with chatbot news? Investigating the impact of news content containing opposing views on agreement and credibility",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "36"
  },
  {
    "id": "zwierBoundariesArticulationPossible2011",
    "abstract": "This study aims to contribute to an emerging literature that seeks to understand how identity markers on social networking sites (SNSs) shape interpersonal impressions, and particularly the boundaries that SNSs present for articulating unconstrained “hoped-for possible selves.” An experiment employing mock-up Facebook profiles was conducted, showing that appearing with friends on a Facebook profile picture as well as increasingly higher number of Facebook friends strengthened perceptions of a profiler's hoped-for level of social connectedness. Excessive numbers of friends, however, weakened perceptions of a profiler's real-level social connectedness, particularly among participants with smaller social networks on Facebook themselves. The discussion focuses on when people come to find that reasonable boundaries of self-generated information on an SNS have been exceeded.",
    "author": [
      { "family": "Zwier", "given": "Sandra" },
      { "family": "Araujo", "given": "Theo" },
      { "family": "Boukes", "given": "Mark" },
      { "family": "Willemsen", "given": "Lotte" }
    ],
    "citation-key": "zwierBoundariesArticulationPossible2011",
    "container-title": "CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING",
    "DOI": "10.1089/cyber.2010.0612",
    "ISSN": "2152-2715",
    "issue": "10",
    "issued": { "date-parts": [["2011", 10]] },
    "page": "571-576",
    "title": "Boundaries to the Articulation of Possible Selves Through Social Networking Sites: The Case of Facebook Profilers' Social Connectedness",
    "type": "article-journal",
    "volume": "14"
  }
]