Kojak-Updated2017/MLBChallengesOct26.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "source": [
    "# Predicting Optimal Challenge Usage"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Part I Modeling Expected Payoff of Successful Challenge"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import seaborn as sns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "win_exp_table=pd.read_csv('WinExp/BigTable-Table 1.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>Inning</th>\n",
       "      <th>HalfInning</th>\n",
       "      <th>BaseSit</th>\n",
       "      <th>Outs</th>\n",
       "      <th>BaseOuts</th>\n",
       "      <th>InnBaseOut</th>\n",
       "      <th>-15</th>\n",
       "      <th>-14</th>\n",
       "      <th>-13</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 38</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 39</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 40</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 41</th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 42</th>\n",
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Top</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1110.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3%</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0%</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
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       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1120.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3%</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "      <td>Top</td>\n",
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       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1130.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2%</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Top</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1140.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2%</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Top</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1150.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2%</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
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       "<p>5 rows × 43 columns</p>\n",
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       "  Unnamed: 0  Inning  HalfInning  BaseSit  Outs  BaseOuts  InnBaseOut   -15  \\\n",
       "0        Top     1.0        11.0      1.0   0.0      10.0      1110.0  0.1%   \n",
       "1        Top     1.0        11.0      2.0   0.0      20.0      1120.0  0.1%   \n",
       "2        Top     1.0        11.0      3.0   0.0      30.0      1130.0  0.1%   \n",
       "3        Top     1.0        11.0      4.0   0.0      40.0      1140.0  0.1%   \n",
       "4        Top     1.0        11.0      5.0   0.0      50.0      1150.0  0.1%   \n",
       "\n",
       "    -14   -13     ...        11    12    13    14    15 Unnamed: 38  \\\n",
       "0  0.2%  0.3%     ...      0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%         NaN   \n",
       "1  0.2%  0.3%     ...       NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN         NaN   \n",
       "2  0.1%  0.2%     ...       NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN         NaN   \n",
       "3  0.1%  0.2%     ...       NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN         NaN   \n",
       "4  0.1%  0.2%     ...       NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN   NaN         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Unnamed: 39 Unnamed: 40 Unnamed: 41 Unnamed: 42  \n",
       "0         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  \n",
       "1         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  \n",
       "2         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  \n",
       "3         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  \n",
       "4         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5 rows x 43 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "win_exp_table.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#function takes inning, half, runner on each base, out, run difference and outputs win prob\n",
    "#call it twice to see result of challenge\n",
    "def win_exp(inning,half,first,second,third,outs,run_dif):\n",
    "    sit=int(str(first)+str(second)+str(third),2)+1\n",
    "    sit_code=str(inning)+str(half)+str(sit)+str(outs)\n",
    "    return float(win_exp_table[win_exp_table.InnBaseOut==int(sit_code)][str(run_dif)].tolist()[0].strip('%'))/100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Part II Modeling probability of success of challenge"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n",
    "import requests\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "%matplotlib inline"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#scrape all replays from 2014 season from mlb.com\n",
    "mlb14=requests.get('https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/replay?challenge_type=&year=2014&challenger=teamchallenging&team=')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#same for 15\n",
    "mlb15=requests.get('https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/replay?challenge_type=&year=2015&challenger=teamchallenging&team=')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#same for 16\n",
    "mlb16=requests.get('https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/replay?challenge_type=&year=2016&challenger=teamchallenging&team=')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#ditto for 17\n",
    "mlb17=requests.get('https://baseballsavant.mlb.com/replay?challenge_type=&year=2017&challenger=teamchallenging&team=')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/bs4/__init__.py:181: UserWarning: No parser was explicitly specified, so I'm using the best available HTML parser for this system (\"lxml\"). This usually isn't a problem, but if you run this code on another system, or in a different virtual environment, it may use a different parser and behave differently.\n",
      "\n",
      "The code that caused this warning is on line 174 of the file /Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/runpy.py. To get rid of this warning, change code that looks like this:\n",
      "\n",
      " BeautifulSoup(YOUR_MARKUP})\n",
      "\n",
      "to this:\n",
      "\n",
      " BeautifulSoup(YOUR_MARKUP, \"lxml\")\n",
      "\n",
      "  markup_type=markup_type))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#format\n",
    "data=[BeautifulSoup(season.text) for season in [mlb14,mlb15,mlb16,mlb17]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#initialize lists to put data into\n",
    "num=[]\n",
    "date=[]\n",
    "teams=[]\n",
    "challenger=[]\n",
    "play_type=[]\n",
    "overturned=[]\n",
    "pitcher=[]\n",
    "batter=[]\n",
    "inning=[]\n",
    "description=[]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#iterate through data to place on lists\n",
    "for season in data:\n",
    "    for event in season.table.findAll('tr')[1::2]:\n",
    "        num.append(event.findAll('td')[0].text)\n",
    "        date.append(event.findAll('td')[1].text)\n",
    "        teams.append(event.findAll('td')[2].text)\n",
    "        challenger.append(event.findAll('td')[3].text)\n",
    "        play_type.append(event.findAll('td')[4].text)\n",
    "        overturned.append(event.findAll('td')[5].text)\n",
    "        pitcher.append(event.findAll('td')[6].text)\n",
    "        batter.append(event.findAll('td')[7].text)\n",
    "        inning.append(event.findAll('td')[8].text)\n",
    "\n",
    "    for event in season.table.findAll('tr')[2::2]:\n",
    "        description.append(event.text)       \n",
    "        \n",
    "        \n",
    "    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#create column names\n",
    "titles=['num',\n",
    "'date',\n",
    "'teams',\n",
    "'challenger',\n",
    "'play_type',\n",
    "'overturned',\n",
    "'pitcher',\n",
    "'batter',\n",
    "'inning',\n",
    "'description']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#reformat and put into df\n",
    "challenges=pd.DataFrame(np.matrix([num,\n",
    "date,\n",
    "teams,\n",
    "challenger,\n",
    "play_type,\n",
    "overturned,\n",
    "pitcher,\n",
    "batter,\n",
    "inning,description]).T,columns=titles)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#make inning into int\n",
    "challenges['inning']=pd.to_numeric(challenges['inning'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#read in text from retrosheet, copied and pasted from http://retrosheet.org/Replay2016.htm and saved locally\n",
    "ump_stats_head=open('mlbreplay.txt').read().split('\\n')[0] #the header\n",
    "ump_stats=open('mlbreplay.txt').read().split('\\n')[1:] #the rest of the data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#wasn't formatted nicely to read in, so figured out spacing \n",
    "#inds are simply the indexes that precede a new column\n",
    "inds=[10,14,18,21,45,65,87,99] "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#copied over header, but inserted commas bf new column\n",
    "ump_stats_head_fixed=''\n",
    "for num,char in enumerate(ump_stats_head):\n",
    "    if num in inds:\n",
    "        ump_stats_head_fixed+=','\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        ump_stats_head_fixed+=char"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#split and stripped each column title\n",
    "ump_stats_head_fixed=[word.rstrip() for word in ump_stats_head_fixed.split(',')]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#added new column to classify if umpire challenging or manager\n",
    "ump_stats_head_fixed=ump_stats_head_fixed[:4]+['Init_type']+ump_stats_head_fixed[4:]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#same thing as before except transformed the data into a list of lists of vals\n",
    "ump_stats_fixed=[]\n",
    "for line in ump_stats:\n",
    "    info=''\n",
    "    for num,char in enumerate(line):\n",
    "        if num in inds or num==25:\n",
    "            info+=','\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            info+=char\n",
    "    ump_stats_fixed.append(map(str.rstrip,info.split(',')))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#read into df\n",
    "ump_table=pd.DataFrame(ump_stats_fixed,columns=ump_stats_head_fixed)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Tm</th>\n",
       "      <th>Opp</th>\n",
       "      <th>In</th>\n",
       "      <th>Init_type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Initiator</th>\n",
       "      <th>Umpire</th>\n",
       "      <th>Type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Ruling</th>\n",
       "      <th>Time</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIL</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fredi Gonzalez</td>\n",
       "      <td>Greg Gibson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:05</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>WAS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYN</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Matt Williams</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Fagan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:44</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Winters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Winters</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:06</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rich Renteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Davidson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Hurdle</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Davidson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:46</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Date   Tm  Opp  In Init_type       Initiator        Umpire  \\\n",
       "0  03/31/2014  ATL  MIL   6       Mgr  Fredi Gonzalez   Greg Gibson   \n",
       "1  03/31/2014  WAS  NYN  10       Mgr   Matt Williams   Clint Fagan   \n",
       "2  03/31/2014  CLE  OAK   6       Ump    Mike Winters  Mike Winters   \n",
       "3  03/31/2014  CHN  PIT   5       Mgr   Rich Renteria  Bob Davidson   \n",
       "4  03/31/2014  PIT  CHN  10       Mgr    Clint Hurdle  Bob Davidson   \n",
       "\n",
       "           Type      Ruling  Time  \n",
       "0    Force play  Overturned  1:05  \n",
       "1    Force play   Confirmed  1:44  \n",
       "2  HP collision   Confirmed  1:06  \n",
       "3    Force play   Confirmed  1:39  \n",
       "4      Tag play  Overturned  1:46  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ump_table.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#stripped out whitespace\n",
    "for col in ump_table:\n",
    "    try:\n",
    "        ump_table[col].apply(lambda x: x.rstrip(),axis=1)\n",
    "    except:\n",
    "        pass"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#created dictionary to map full name of team to abbreviation, to merge together both datasets\n",
    "team_abbrev={\n",
    "    'Giants':'SFN',\n",
    "    'Angels':'ANA',\n",
    "    'Astros':'HOU',\n",
    "    'Athletics':'OAK',\n",
    "    'Blue Jays':'TOR',\n",
    "    'Braves':'ATL',\n",
    "    'Brewers':'MIL',\n",
    "    'Cardinals':'SLN',\n",
    "    'Cubs':'CHN',\n",
    "    'D-backs':'ARI',\n",
    "    'Dodgers':'LAN',\n",
    "    'Indians':'CLE',\n",
    "    'Mariners':'SEA',\n",
    "    'Marlins':'MIA',\n",
    "    'Mets':'NYN',\n",
    "    'Nationals':'WAS',\n",
    "    'Orioles':'BAL',\n",
    "    'Padres':'SDN',\n",
    "    'Phillies':'PHI',\n",
    "    'Pirates':'PIT',\n",
    "    'Rangers':'TEX',\n",
    "    'Rays':'TBA',\n",
    "    'Red Sox':'BOS',\n",
    "    'Reds':'CIN',\n",
    "    'Rockies':'COL',\n",
    "    'Royals':'KCA',\n",
    "    'Tigers':'DET',\n",
    "    'Twins':'MIN',\n",
    "    'White Sox':'CHA',\n",
    "    'Yankees':'NYA',\n",
    "    'Umpire':'UMP',\n",
    "    'NL':'NL'\n",
    "    \n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#reverse the dicitonary to enable mapping back and forth\n",
    "inv_teams = {team_abbr: team for team, team_abbr in team_abbrev.items()}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#make the changes to abbrev.\n",
    "challenges.challenger=challenges.challenger.apply(lambda x: team_abbrev[x])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Tm</th>\n",
       "      <th>Opp</th>\n",
       "      <th>In</th>\n",
       "      <th>Init_type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Initiator</th>\n",
       "      <th>Umpire</th>\n",
       "      <th>Type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Ruling</th>\n",
       "      <th>Time</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIL</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fredi Gonzalez</td>\n",
       "      <td>Greg Gibson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:05</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>WAS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYN</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Matt Williams</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Fagan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:44</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Winters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Winters</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:06</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rich Renteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Davidson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>03/31/2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Hurdle</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Davidson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:46</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Date   Tm  Opp  In Init_type       Initiator        Umpire  \\\n",
       "0  03/31/2014  ATL  MIL   6       Mgr  Fredi Gonzalez   Greg Gibson   \n",
       "1  03/31/2014  WAS  NYN  10       Mgr   Matt Williams   Clint Fagan   \n",
       "2  03/31/2014  CLE  OAK   6       Ump    Mike Winters  Mike Winters   \n",
       "3  03/31/2014  CHN  PIT   5       Mgr   Rich Renteria  Bob Davidson   \n",
       "4  03/31/2014  PIT  CHN  10       Mgr    Clint Hurdle  Bob Davidson   \n",
       "\n",
       "           Type      Ruling  Time  \n",
       "0    Force play  Overturned  1:05  \n",
       "1    Force play   Confirmed  1:44  \n",
       "2  HP collision   Confirmed  1:06  \n",
       "3    Force play   Confirmed  1:39  \n",
       "4      Tag play  Overturned  1:46  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ump_table.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#create new column in umpire dataset to impute who challenged call\n",
    "ump_table['challenger2']=np.where(ump_table['Init_type']=='Ump','UMP',ump_table['Tm'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#map the play category from one dataset to another\n",
    "play_dict={\n",
    "    'catch or drop':'Catch/no catch',\n",
    " 'fair or foul in outfield':'Fair/foul (outfield)',\n",
    " 'fan interference':'Fan interference',\n",
    " 'force play':'Force play',\n",
    " 'grounds rule':'Grounds rule',\n",
    " 'hit by pitch':'Hit by pitch',\n",
    " 'home run':'Home run',\n",
    " 'home-plate collision':'HP collision',\n",
    " 'other':'Other',\n",
    " 'passing runners':'Passing runners',\n",
    " 'play at 1st':'Force play',\n",
    " 'record keeping':'Rcd keeping',\n",
    " 'rules check':'Rules check',\n",
    " 'slide interference':'Slide rule',\n",
    " 'stadium boundary call':'Boundary call',\n",
    " 'tag play':'Tag play',\n",
    " 'tag-up play':'Tag-up',\n",
    " 'timing play':'Timing play',\n",
    " 'touching a base':'Touching a base',\n",
    " 'trap play':'Trap play (outfield)'\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "challenges.play_type=challenges.play_type.apply(lambda x: play_dict[x])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#change innings to num\n",
    "ump_table.In=pd.to_numeric(ump_table.In)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#change date to datetime\n",
    "challenges.date=pd.to_datetime(challenges.date)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ump_table.Date=pd.to_datetime(ump_table.Date)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#eliminates duplicate rows, which were found in mlb.com dataset\n",
    "challenges=challenges.drop_duplicates(['date','description'])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#modify mlb.com df to drop out the more recent challenges that are not yet recorded by retrosheet\n",
    "short_challenges=challenges[challenges.date<=sorted(ump_table.Date)[-1]]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#merge both datasets\n",
    "inner_merge=ump_table.merge(short_challenges,how='inner', left_on=['challenger2','In','Date'], right_on=['challenger','inning','date']).sort_values('Date')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#make day of week variable (based on SABR showing it's predictive)\n",
    "inner_merge['day']=inner_merge.date.dt.dayofweek"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#standardize the play call labels\n",
    "inner_merge.Ruling=inner_merge.Ruling.apply(lambda x: x.rstrip())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#get rid of retrosheet's 'Rcd keeping' box and default to mlb's ruling (assuming 0=confirmed)\n",
    "inner_merge['ruling_res']=np.where(inner_merge.Ruling=='Rcd keeping', inner_merge.overturned,inner_merge.Ruling)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#delete the All-Star Game entry\n",
    "inner_merge = inner_merge[inner_merge.challenger2 != 'NL']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#convert ruling to binary number\n",
    "inner_merge.ruling_res=inner_merge.ruling_res.apply(lambda x: 'Confirmed' if x==0 else 'Overturned' if x==1 else x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style>\n",
       "    .dataframe thead tr:only-child th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: left;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Date</th>\n",
       "      <th>Tm</th>\n",
       "      <th>Opp</th>\n",
       "      <th>In</th>\n",
       "      <th>Init_type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Initiator</th>\n",
       "      <th>Umpire</th>\n",
       "      <th>Type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Ruling</th>\n",
       "      <th>Time</th>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <th>teams</th>\n",
       "      <th>challenger</th>\n",
       "      <th>play_type</th>\n",
       "      <th>overturned</th>\n",
       "      <th>pitcher</th>\n",
       "      <th>batter</th>\n",
       "      <th>inning</th>\n",
       "      <th>description</th>\n",
       "      <th>day</th>\n",
       "      <th>ruling_res</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIL</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fredi Gonzalez</td>\n",
       "      <td>Greg Gibson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:05</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Braves                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Julio Teheran</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ryan Braun</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Braves cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>WAS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYN</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Matt Williams</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Fagan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:44</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nationals                                     ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>WAS</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>John Lannan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Danny Espinosa</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Nationals ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Winters</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Winters</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:06</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Indians                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sonny Gray</td>\n",
       "      <td>Asdrubal Cabrera</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rich Renteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Davidson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:39</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubs                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Francisco Liriano</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jeff Samardzija</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-03-31</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Hurdle</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Davidson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:46</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubs                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFN</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARI</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bruce Bochy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chris Guccione</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>3:19</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Giants                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Giants cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>TBA</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brian Gorman</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jim Wolf</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home run</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>3:36</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Blue Jays                                     ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home run</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>TBA</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>John Gibbons</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jim Wolf</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:20</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Blue Jays                                     ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jake McGee</td>\n",
       "      <td>Melky Cabrera</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Blue Jays ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>PHI</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ron Washington</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cory Blaser</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:18</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Phillies                                      ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rangers ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Hurdle</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Davidson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>4:35</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubs                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>Other</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rich Renteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>John Tumpane</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:27</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubs                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mark Melancon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nate Schierholtz</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terry Francona</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gabe Morales</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:22</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Indians                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Indians ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brad Ausmus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chris Conroy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:45</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Royals                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jason Vargas</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tyler Collins</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>COL</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Redmond</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jerry Layne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:50</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rockies                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Henderson Alvarez</td>\n",
       "      <td>DJ LeMahieu</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Marlins ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brad Ausmus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chris Conroy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:11</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Royals                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Al Alburquerque</td>\n",
       "      <td>Norichika Aoki</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-02</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bob Melvin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mark Wegner</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>4:45</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Indians                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Corey Kluber</td>\n",
       "      <td>Josh Donaldson</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Athletics ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>SEA</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fieldin Culbreth</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sean Barber</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>4:15</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mariners                                      ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Roenis Elias</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sam Fuld</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>OAK</td>\n",
       "      <td>SEA</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fieldin Culbreth</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fieldin Culbreth</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home run</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:45</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mariners                                      ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home run</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hector Noesi</td>\n",
       "      <td>Coco Crisp</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>COL</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jerry Layne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hunter Wendelstedt</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:25</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rockies                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>COL</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Walt Weiss</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jerry Layne</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:35</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rockies                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>COL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Franklin Morales</td>\n",
       "      <td>Marcell Ozuna</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rockies ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOU</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gerry Davis</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brian Knight</td>\n",
       "      <td>Record keeping</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rcd keeping</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:20</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yankees                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rcd keeping</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-03</td>\n",
       "      <td>SLN</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gary Cederstrom</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mark Ripperger</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home run</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:08</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cardinals                                     ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Home run</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Trevor Bell</td>\n",
       "      <td>Matt Holliday</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe Girardi</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dana DeMuth</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:20</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yankees                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Steve Delabar</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jacoby Ellsbury</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Yankees ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe Girardi</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dana DeMuth</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:20</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yankees                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dustin McGowan</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ichiro Suzuki</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Yankees ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>TBA</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe Maddon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hunter Wendelstedt</td>\n",
       "      <td>Trap play (outfield)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:45</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rangers                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>TBA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Trap play (outfield)</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Josh Lueke</td>\n",
       "      <td>J.P. Arencibia</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rays chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>WAS</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fredi Gonzalez</td>\n",
       "      <td>Marvin Hudson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Boundary call</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:50</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Braves                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Boundary call</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>David Hale</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ian Desmond</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Braves cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHA</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ned Yost</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ted Barrett</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:49</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>White Sox                                     ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Francisley Bueno</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jose Abreu</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Royals cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>BAL</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brad Ausmus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kerwin Danley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:30</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Orioles                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Drew Smyly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nick Markakis</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-04</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFN</td>\n",
       "      <td>LAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bruce Bochy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Marty Foster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:16</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Giants                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Giants cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014-04-05</td>\n",
       "      <td>LAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFN</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Don Mattingly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe West</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:40</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Giants                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>LAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Santiago Casilla</td>\n",
       "      <td>Andre Ethier</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Dodgers ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5215</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-10</td>\n",
       "      <td>LAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARI</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dave Roberts</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alan Porter</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:45</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Dodgers                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>LAN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jake Barrett</td>\n",
       "      <td>Logan Forsythe</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Dodgers ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5210</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-10</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Hurdle</td>\n",
       "      <td>Larry Vanover</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:53</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pirates                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Warwick Saupold</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gregory Polanco</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5209</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-10</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brad Ausmus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Larry Vanover</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:06</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pirates                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Drew VerHagen</td>\n",
       "      <td>David Freese</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5208</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-10</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brad Ausmus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Larry Vanover</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:47</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pirates                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5211</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-10</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Hurdle</td>\n",
       "      <td>Larry Vanover</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:50</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pirates                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Gerrit Cole</td>\n",
       "      <td>James McCann</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5216</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>John Gibbons</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Everitt</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:20</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pirates                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Marcus Stroman</td>\n",
       "      <td>John Jaso</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Blue Jays ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5217</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>TOR</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Clint Hurdle</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bruce Dreckman</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:36</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pirates                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>PIT</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Marcus Stroman</td>\n",
       "      <td>Adam Frazier</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5218</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOU</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>A.J. Hinch</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lance Barksdale</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:47</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Astros                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOU</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cole Hamels</td>\n",
       "      <td>Derek Fisher</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Astros cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5219</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIL</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bryan Price</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chad Fairchild</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:48</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reds                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jeremy Jeffress</td>\n",
       "      <td>Homer Bailey</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Reds chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5220</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>BOS</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe Girardi</td>\n",
       "      <td>Fieldin Culbreth</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:50</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Sox                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Yankees ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5221</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-11</td>\n",
       "      <td>BOS</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYA</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>John Farrell</td>\n",
       "      <td>Laz Diaz</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:02</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Red Sox                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>BOS</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Aroldis Chapman</td>\n",
       "      <td>Andrew Benintendi</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Red Sox ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5227</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOU</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jeff Banister</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lance Barksdale</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:56</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Astros                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Francisco Liriano</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rougned Odor</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rangers ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5228</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>HOU</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jeff Banister</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lance Barksdale</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:55</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Astros                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>TEX</td>\n",
       "      <td>HP collision</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Francisco Liriano</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rougned Odor</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rangers ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5229</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>ANA</td>\n",
       "      <td>SEA</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Scioscia</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jeff Kellogg</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:06</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Angels                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ANA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Christian Bergman</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kaleb Cowart</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Angels cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5226</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIL</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ump</td>\n",
       "      <td>Larry Vanover</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chad Fairchild</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:36</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reds                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>UMP</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Corey Knebel</td>\n",
       "      <td>Adam Duvall</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5223</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARI</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe Maddon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mark Wegner</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:47</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubs                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Patrick Corbin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Almora Jr.</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5224</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>SLN</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Matheny</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ted Barrett</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:07</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Braves                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SLN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Trevor Rosenthal</td>\n",
       "      <td>Danny Santana</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cardinals ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5222</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brad Ausmus</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ben May</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:21</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Twins                                         ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>DET</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Trevor Hildenberger</td>\n",
       "      <td>James McCann</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5225</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-12</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIL</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bryan Price</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chad Fairchild</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>3:16</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reds                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hit by pitch</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Corey Knebel</td>\n",
       "      <td>Patrick Kivlehan</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Reds chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5239</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHA</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rick Renteria</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe West</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:40</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Royals                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            White Sox ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5230</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>PHI</td>\n",
       "      <td>NYN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pete Mackanin</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jeff Nelson</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:55</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mets                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>PHI</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chris Flexen</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rhys Hoskins</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Phillies c...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5231</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>COL</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Don Mattingly</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tony Randazzo</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:39</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rockies                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vance Worley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ryan McMahon</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Marlins ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5232</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>SLN</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Brian Snitker</td>\n",
       "      <td>Angel Hernandez</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:14</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Braves                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ATL</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Braves cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5233</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHA</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ned Yost</td>\n",
       "      <td>Alan Porter</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:29</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Royals                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Derek Holland</td>\n",
       "      <td>Eric Hosmer</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Royals cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5234</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFN</td>\n",
       "      <td>WAS</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bruce Bochy</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ryan Additon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:22</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Giants                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>SFN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Matt Grace</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ryder Jones</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Giants cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5235</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>MIL</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bryan Price</td>\n",
       "      <td>Larry Vanover</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>2:01</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Reds                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CIN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Sal Romano</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jonathan Villar</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Reds chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5236</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHA</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Ned Yost</td>\n",
       "      <td>Rob Drake</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:55</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Royals                                        ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>KCA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jason Vargas</td>\n",
       "      <td>Leury Garcia</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Royals cha...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Overturned</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5237</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>TBA</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Terry Francona</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vic Carapazza</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:16</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Indians                                       ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CLE</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td></td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Indians ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5238</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARI</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Torey Lovullo</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mike Muchlinski</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "      <td>1:14</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubs                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARI</td>\n",
       "      <td>Tag play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Zack Godley</td>\n",
       "      <td>Victor Caratini</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            D-backs ch...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Stands</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5240</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-08-13</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>ARI</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mgr</td>\n",
       "      <td>Joe Maddon</td>\n",
       "      <td>Marty Foster</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force Play</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "      <td>0:57</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Cubs                                          ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CHN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Force play</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>Jake Barrett</td>\n",
       "      <td>Albert Almora Jr.</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>\\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Confirmed</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>5241 rows × 23 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "           Date   Tm  Opp  In Init_type         Initiator              Umpire  \\\n",
       "0    2014-03-31  ATL  MIL   6       Mgr    Fredi Gonzalez         Greg Gibson   \n",
       "1    2014-03-31  WAS  NYN  10       Mgr     Matt Williams         Clint Fagan   \n",
       "2    2014-03-31  CLE  OAK   6       Ump      Mike Winters        Mike Winters   \n",
       "3    2014-03-31  CHN  PIT   5       Mgr     Rich Renteria        Bob Davidson   \n",
       "4    2014-03-31  PIT  CHN  10       Mgr      Clint Hurdle        Bob Davidson   \n",
       "5    2014-04-01  SFN  ARI   4       Mgr       Bruce Bochy      Chris Guccione   \n",
       "6    2014-04-01  TOR  TBA   7       Ump      Brian Gorman            Jim Wolf   \n",
       "7    2014-04-01  TOR  TBA   9       Mgr      John Gibbons            Jim Wolf   \n",
       "8    2014-04-01  TEX  PHI   6       Mgr    Ron Washington         Cory Blaser   \n",
       "15   2014-04-02  PIT  CHN   8       Mgr      Clint Hurdle        Bob Davidson   \n",
       "14   2014-04-02  CHN  PIT   8       Mgr     Rich Renteria        John Tumpane   \n",
       "13   2014-04-02  CLE  OAK   6       Mgr    Terry Francona        Gabe Morales   \n",
       "9    2014-04-02  DET  KCA   6       Mgr       Brad Ausmus        Chris Conroy   \n",
       "11   2014-04-02  MIA  COL   4       Mgr      Mike Redmond         Jerry Layne   \n",
       "10   2014-04-02  DET  KCA  10       Mgr       Brad Ausmus        Chris Conroy   \n",
       "12   2014-04-02  OAK  CLE   2       Mgr        Bob Melvin         Mark Wegner   \n",
       "20   2014-04-03  OAK  SEA   5       Ump  Fieldin Culbreth         Sean Barber   \n",
       "21   2014-04-03  OAK  SEA  12       Ump  Fieldin Culbreth    Fieldin Culbreth   \n",
       "19   2014-04-03  MIA  COL   8       Ump       Jerry Layne  Hunter Wendelstedt   \n",
       "18   2014-04-03  COL  MIA   3       Mgr        Walt Weiss         Jerry Layne   \n",
       "17   2014-04-03  NYA  HOU   9       Ump       Gerry Davis        Brian Knight   \n",
       "16   2014-04-03  SLN  CIN   7       Ump   Gary Cederstrom      Mark Ripperger   \n",
       "27   2014-04-04  NYA  TOR   8       Mgr       Joe Girardi         Dana DeMuth   \n",
       "26   2014-04-04  NYA  TOR   3       Mgr       Joe Girardi         Dana DeMuth   \n",
       "25   2014-04-04  TBA  TEX   7       Mgr        Joe Maddon  Hunter Wendelstedt   \n",
       "28   2014-04-04  ATL  WAS   5       Mgr    Fredi Gonzalez       Marvin Hudson   \n",
       "23   2014-04-04  KCA  CHA   7       Mgr          Ned Yost         Ted Barrett   \n",
       "22   2014-04-04  DET  BAL   5       Mgr       Brad Ausmus       Kerwin Danley   \n",
       "24   2014-04-04  SFN  LAN   7       Mgr       Bruce Bochy        Marty Foster   \n",
       "29   2014-04-05  LAN  SFN   7       Mgr     Don Mattingly            Joe West   \n",
       "...         ...  ...  ...  ..       ...               ...                 ...   \n",
       "5215 2017-08-10  LAN  ARI   5       Mgr      Dave Roberts         Alan Porter   \n",
       "5210 2017-08-10  PIT  DET   5       Mgr      Clint Hurdle       Larry Vanover   \n",
       "5209 2017-08-10  DET  PIT   3       Mgr       Brad Ausmus       Larry Vanover   \n",
       "5208 2017-08-10  DET  PIT   2       Mgr       Brad Ausmus       Larry Vanover   \n",
       "5211 2017-08-10  PIT  DET   7       Mgr      Clint Hurdle       Larry Vanover   \n",
       "5216 2017-08-11  TOR  PIT   3       Mgr      John Gibbons        Mike Everitt   \n",
       "5217 2017-08-11  PIT  TOR   3       Mgr      Clint Hurdle      Bruce Dreckman   \n",
       "5218 2017-08-11  HOU  TEX   5       Mgr        A.J. Hinch     Lance Barksdale   \n",
       "5219 2017-08-11  CIN  MIL   5       Mgr       Bryan Price      Chad Fairchild   \n",
       "5220 2017-08-11  NYA  BOS   8       Mgr       Joe Girardi    Fieldin Culbreth   \n",
       "5221 2017-08-11  BOS  NYA   9       Mgr      John Farrell            Laz Diaz   \n",
       "5227 2017-08-12  TEX  HOU   5       Mgr     Jeff Banister     Lance Barksdale   \n",
       "5228 2017-08-12  TEX  HOU   5       Mgr     Jeff Banister     Lance Barksdale   \n",
       "5229 2017-08-12  ANA  SEA   9       Mgr     Mike Scioscia        Jeff Kellogg   \n",
       "5226 2017-08-12  CIN  MIL  10       Ump     Larry Vanover      Chad Fairchild   \n",
       "5223 2017-08-12  CHN  ARI   5       Mgr        Joe Maddon         Mark Wegner   \n",
       "5224 2017-08-12  SLN  ATL   9       Mgr      Mike Matheny         Ted Barrett   \n",
       "5222 2017-08-12  DET  MIN   8       Mgr       Brad Ausmus             Ben May   \n",
       "5225 2017-08-12  CIN  MIL   9       Mgr       Bryan Price      Chad Fairchild   \n",
       "5239 2017-08-13  CHA  KCA   8       Mgr     Rick Renteria            Joe West   \n",
       "5230 2017-08-13  PHI  NYN   1       Mgr     Pete Mackanin         Jeff Nelson   \n",
       "5231 2017-08-13  MIA  COL   3       Mgr     Don Mattingly       Tony Randazzo   \n",
       "5232 2017-08-13  ATL  SLN   1       Mgr     Brian Snitker     Angel Hernandez   \n",
       "5233 2017-08-13  KCA  CHA   2       Mgr          Ned Yost         Alan Porter   \n",
       "5234 2017-08-13  SFN  WAS   8       Mgr       Bruce Bochy        Ryan Additon   \n",
       "5235 2017-08-13  CIN  MIL   5       Mgr       Bryan Price       Larry Vanover   \n",
       "5236 2017-08-13  KCA  CHA   5       Mgr          Ned Yost           Rob Drake   \n",
       "5237 2017-08-13  CLE  TBA   9       Mgr    Terry Francona       Vic Carapazza   \n",
       "5238 2017-08-13  ARI  CHN   3       Mgr     Torey Lovullo     Mike Muchlinski   \n",
       "5240 2017-08-13  CHN  ARI   8       Mgr        Joe Maddon        Marty Foster   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Type       Ruling  Time     ...      \\\n",
       "0               Force play   Overturned  1:05     ...       \n",
       "1               Force play    Confirmed  1:44     ...       \n",
       "2             HP collision    Confirmed  1:06     ...       \n",
       "3               Force play    Confirmed  1:39     ...       \n",
       "4                 Tag play   Overturned  1:46     ...       \n",
       "5                 Tag play       Stands  3:19     ...       \n",
       "6                 Home run       Stands  3:36     ...       \n",
       "7               Force play    Confirmed  1:20     ...       \n",
       "8                 Tag play   Overturned  2:18     ...       \n",
       "15            Hit by pitch       Stands  4:35     ...       \n",
       "14              Force play   Overturned  2:27     ...       \n",
       "13                Tag play   Overturned  1:22     ...       \n",
       "9               Force play   Overturned  2:45     ...       \n",
       "11              Force play       Stands  2:50     ...       \n",
       "10              Force play   Overturned  1:11     ...       \n",
       "12                Tag play       Stands  4:45     ...       \n",
       "20            HP collision    Confirmed  4:15     ...       \n",
       "21                Home run    Confirmed  0:45     ...       \n",
       "19                Tag play    Confirmed  1:25     ...       \n",
       "18              Force play       Stands  2:35     ...       \n",
       "17          Record keeping  Rcd keeping  2:20     ...       \n",
       "16                Home run    Confirmed  2:08     ...       \n",
       "27              Force play    Confirmed  1:20     ...       \n",
       "26              Force play   Overturned  1:20     ...       \n",
       "25    Trap play (outfield)   Overturned  1:45     ...       \n",
       "28           Boundary call   Overturned  2:50     ...       \n",
       "23              Force play       Stands  2:49     ...       \n",
       "22              Force play    Confirmed  1:30     ...       \n",
       "24                Tag play   Overturned  1:16     ...       \n",
       "29                Tag play       Stands  1:40     ...       \n",
       "...                    ...          ...   ...     ...       \n",
       "5215            Force Play   Overturned  1:45     ...       \n",
       "5210            Force Play   Overturned  0:53     ...       \n",
       "5209            Force Play       Stands  1:06     ...       \n",
       "5208              Tag Play   Overturned  0:47     ...       \n",
       "5211            Force Play   Overturned  0:50     ...       \n",
       "5216          Hit by pitch       Stands  1:20     ...       \n",
       "5217            Force Play   Overturned  1:36     ...       \n",
       "5218            Force Play   Overturned  0:47     ...       \n",
       "5219            Force Play   Overturned  0:48     ...       \n",
       "5220          Hit by pitch   Overturned  0:50     ...       \n",
       "5221              Tag Play    Confirmed  1:02     ...       \n",
       "5227          HP collision    Confirmed  0:56     ...       \n",
       "5228              Tag Play    Confirmed  0:55     ...       \n",
       "5229              Tag Play    Confirmed  1:06     ...       \n",
       "5226          Hit by pitch       Stands  1:36     ...       \n",
       "5223              Tag Play    Confirmed  0:47     ...       \n",
       "5224            Force Play       Stands  1:07     ...       \n",
       "5222            Force Play   Overturned  1:21     ...       \n",
       "5225          Hit by pitch       Stands  3:16     ...       \n",
       "5239              Tag Play       Stands  1:40     ...       \n",
       "5230            Force Play   Overturned  0:55     ...       \n",
       "5231            Force Play   Overturned  1:39     ...       \n",
       "5232            Force Play   Overturned  1:14     ...       \n",
       "5233              Tag Play   Overturned  1:29     ...       \n",
       "5234            Force Play   Overturned  1:22     ...       \n",
       "5235              Tag Play       Stands  2:01     ...       \n",
       "5236            Force Play   Overturned  0:55     ...       \n",
       "5237              Tag Play    Confirmed  1:16     ...       \n",
       "5238              Tag Play       Stands  1:14     ...       \n",
       "5240            Force Play    Confirmed  0:57     ...       \n",
       "\n",
       "                                                  teams challenger  \\\n",
       "0     Braves                                        ...        ATL   \n",
       "1     Nationals                                     ...        WAS   \n",
       "2     Indians                                       ...        UMP   \n",
       "3     Cubs                                          ...        CHN   \n",
       "4     Cubs                                          ...        PIT   \n",
       "5     Giants                                        ...        SFN   \n",
       "6     Blue Jays                                     ...        UMP   \n",
       "7     Blue Jays                                     ...        TOR   \n",
       "8     Phillies                                      ...        TEX   \n",
       "15    Cubs                                          ...        PIT   \n",
       "14    Cubs                                          ...        CHN   \n",
       "13    Indians                                       ...        CLE   \n",
       "9     Royals                                        ...        DET   \n",
       "11    Rockies                                       ...        MIA   \n",
       "10    Royals                                        ...        DET   \n",
       "12    Indians                                       ...        OAK   \n",
       "20    Mariners                                      ...        UMP   \n",
       "21    Mariners                                      ...        UMP   \n",
       "19    Rockies                                       ...        UMP   \n",
       "18    Rockies                                       ...        COL   \n",
       "17    Yankees                                       ...        UMP   \n",
       "16    Cardinals                                     ...        UMP   \n",
       "27    Yankees                                       ...        NYA   \n",
       "26    Yankees                                       ...        NYA   \n",
       "25    Rangers                                       ...        TBA   \n",
       "28    Braves                                        ...        ATL   \n",
       "23    White Sox                                     ...        KCA   \n",
       "22    Orioles                                       ...        DET   \n",
       "24    Giants                                        ...        SFN   \n",
       "29    Giants                                        ...        LAN   \n",
       "...                                                 ...        ...   \n",
       "5215  Dodgers                                       ...        LAN   \n",
       "5210  Pirates                                       ...        PIT   \n",
       "5209  Pirates                                       ...        DET   \n",
       "5208  Pirates                                       ...        DET   \n",
       "5211  Pirates                                       ...        PIT   \n",
       "5216  Pirates                                       ...        TOR   \n",
       "5217  Pirates                                       ...        PIT   \n",
       "5218  Astros                                        ...        HOU   \n",
       "5219  Reds                                          ...        CIN   \n",
       "5220  Red Sox                                       ...        NYA   \n",
       "5221  Red Sox                                       ...        BOS   \n",
       "5227  Astros                                        ...        TEX   \n",
       "5228  Astros                                        ...        TEX   \n",
       "5229  Angels                                        ...        ANA   \n",
       "5226  Reds                                          ...        UMP   \n",
       "5223  Cubs                                          ...        CHN   \n",
       "5224  Braves                                        ...        SLN   \n",
       "5222  Twins                                         ...        DET   \n",
       "5225  Reds                                          ...        CIN   \n",
       "5239  Royals                                        ...        CHA   \n",
       "5230  Mets                                          ...        PHI   \n",
       "5231  Rockies                                       ...        MIA   \n",
       "5232  Braves                                        ...        ATL   \n",
       "5233  Royals                                        ...        KCA   \n",
       "5234  Giants                                        ...        SFN   \n",
       "5235  Reds                                          ...        CIN   \n",
       "5236  Royals                                        ...        KCA   \n",
       "5237  Indians                                       ...        CLE   \n",
       "5238  Cubs                                          ...        ARI   \n",
       "5240  Cubs                                          ...        CHN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                 play_type overturned                         pitcher  \\\n",
       "0               Force play        Yes  Julio Teheran                    \n",
       "1               Force play         No  John Lannan                      \n",
       "2             HP collision         No  Sonny Gray                       \n",
       "3               Force play         No  Francisco Liriano                \n",
       "4                 Tag play        Yes                                   \n",
       "5                 Tag play         No                                   \n",
       "6                 Home run         No                                   \n",
       "7               Force play         No  Jake McGee                       \n",
       "8                 Tag play        Yes                                   \n",
       "15                   Other         No                                   \n",
       "14              Force play        Yes  Mark Melancon                    \n",
       "13                Tag play        Yes                                   \n",
       "9               Force play        Yes  Jason Vargas                     \n",
       "11              Force play         No  Henderson Alvarez                \n",
       "10              Force play        Yes  Al Alburquerque                  \n",
       "12                Tag play         No  Corey Kluber                     \n",
       "20            HP collision         No  Roenis Elias                     \n",
       "21                Home run         No  Hector Noesi                     \n",
       "19                Tag play         No                                   \n",
       "18              Force play         No  Franklin Morales                 \n",
       "17             Rcd keeping         No                                   \n",
       "16                Home run        Yes  Trevor Bell                      \n",
       "27              Force play         No  Steve Delabar                    \n",
       "26              Force play        Yes  Dustin McGowan                   \n",
       "25    Trap play (outfield)        Yes  Josh Lueke                       \n",
       "28           Boundary call        Yes  David Hale                       \n",
       "23              Force play         No  Francisley Bueno                 \n",
       "22              Force play         No  Drew Smyly                       \n",
       "24                Tag play        Yes                                   \n",
       "29                Tag play         No  Santiago Casilla                 \n",
       "...                    ...        ...                             ...   \n",
       "5215            Force play        Yes  Jake Barrett                     \n",
       "5210            Force play        Yes  Warwick Saupold                  \n",
       "5209            Force play         No  Drew VerHagen                    \n",
       "5208              Tag play        Yes                                   \n",
       "5211            Force play        Yes  Gerrit Cole                      \n",
       "5216          Hit by pitch         No  Marcus Stroman                   \n",
       "5217            Force play        Yes  Marcus Stroman                   \n",
       "5218            Force play        Yes  Cole Hamels                      \n",
       "5219            Force play        Yes  Jeremy Jeffress                  \n",
       "5220          Hit by pitch        Yes                                   \n",
       "5221              Tag play         No  Aroldis Chapman                  \n",
       "5227          HP collision         No  Francisco Liriano                \n",
       "5228          HP collision         No  Francisco Liriano                \n",
       "5229              Tag play         No  Christian Bergman                \n",
       "5226          Hit by pitch         No  Corey Knebel                     \n",
       "5223              Tag play         No  Patrick Corbin                   \n",
       "5224            Force play         No  Trevor Rosenthal                 \n",
       "5222            Force play        Yes  Trevor Hildenberger              \n",
       "5225          Hit by pitch         No  Corey Knebel                     \n",
       "5239              Tag play         No                                   \n",
       "5230            Force play        Yes  Chris Flexen                     \n",
       "5231            Force play        Yes  Vance Worley                     \n",
       "5232              Tag play        Yes                                   \n",
       "5233              Tag play        Yes  Derek Holland                    \n",
       "5234            Force play        Yes  Matt Grace                       \n",
       "5235              Tag play         No  Sal Romano                       \n",
       "5236            Force play        Yes  Jason Vargas                     \n",
       "5237              Tag play         No                                   \n",
       "5238              Tag play         No  Zack Godley                      \n",
       "5240            Force play         No  Jake Barrett                     \n",
       "\n",
       "                              batter inning  \\\n",
       "0     Ryan Braun                          6   \n",
       "1     Danny Espinosa                     10   \n",
       "2     Asdrubal Cabrera                    6   \n",
       "3     Jeff Samardzija                     5   \n",
       "4                                        10   \n",
       "5                                         4   \n",
       "6                                         7   \n",
       "7     Melky Cabrera                       9   \n",
       "8                                         6   \n",
       "15                                        8   \n",
       "14    Nate Schierholtz                    8   \n",
       "13                                        6   \n",
       "9     Tyler Collins                       6   \n",
       "11    DJ LeMahieu                         4   \n",
       "10    Norichika Aoki                     10   \n",
       "12    Josh Donaldson                      2   \n",
       "20    Sam Fuld                            5   \n",
       "21    Coco Crisp                         12   \n",
       "19                                        8   \n",
       "18    Marcell Ozuna                       3   \n",
       "17                                        9   \n",
       "16    Matt Holliday                       7   \n",
       "27    Jacoby Ellsbury                     8   \n",
       "26    Ichiro Suzuki                       3   \n",
       "25    J.P. Arencibia                      7   \n",
       "28    Ian Desmond                         5   \n",
       "23    Jose Abreu                          7   \n",
       "22    Nick Markakis                       5   \n",
       "24                                        7   \n",
       "29    Andre Ethier                        7   \n",
       "...                              ...    ...   \n",
       "5215  Logan Forsythe                      5   \n",
       "5210  Gregory Polanco                     5   \n",
       "5209  David Freese                        3   \n",
       "5208                                      2   \n",
       "5211  James McCann                        7   \n",
       "5216  John Jaso                           3   \n",
       "5217  Adam Frazier                        3   \n",
       "5218  Derek Fisher                        5   \n",
       "5219  Homer Bailey                        5   \n",
       "5220                                      8   \n",
       "5221  Andrew Benintendi                   9   \n",
       "5227  Rougned Odor                        5   \n",
       "5228  Rougned Odor                        5   \n",
       "5229  Kaleb Cowart                        9   \n",
       "5226  Adam Duvall                        10   \n",
       "5223  Albert Almora Jr.                   5   \n",
       "5224  Danny Santana                       9   \n",
       "5222  James McCann                        8   \n",
       "5225  Patrick Kivlehan                    9   \n",
       "5239                                      8   \n",
       "5230  Rhys Hoskins                        1   \n",
       "5231  Ryan McMahon                        3   \n",
       "5232                                      1   \n",
       "5233  Eric Hosmer                         2   \n",
       "5234  Ryder Jones                         8   \n",
       "5235  Jonathan Villar                     5   \n",
       "5236  Leury Garcia                        5   \n",
       "5237                                      9   \n",
       "5238  Victor Caratini                     3   \n",
       "5240  Albert Almora Jr.                   8   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                            description day  ruling_res  \n",
       "0     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Braves cha...   0  Overturned  \n",
       "1     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Nationals ...   0   Confirmed  \n",
       "2     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   0   Confirmed  \n",
       "3     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...   0   Confirmed  \n",
       "4     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...   0  Overturned  \n",
       "5     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Giants cha...   1      Stands  \n",
       "6     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   1      Stands  \n",
       "7     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Blue Jays ...   1   Confirmed  \n",
       "8     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rangers ch...   1  Overturned  \n",
       "15    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...   2      Stands  \n",
       "14    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...   2  Overturned  \n",
       "13    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Indians ch...   2  Overturned  \n",
       "9     \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...   2  Overturned  \n",
       "11    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Marlins ch...   2      Stands  \n",
       "10    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...   2  Overturned  \n",
       "12    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Athletics ...   2      Stands  \n",
       "20    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   3   Confirmed  \n",
       "21    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   3   Confirmed  \n",
       "19    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   3   Confirmed  \n",
       "18    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rockies ch...   3      Stands  \n",
       "17    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   3          No  \n",
       "16    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   3   Confirmed  \n",
       "27    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Yankees ch...   4   Confirmed  \n",
       "26    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Yankees ch...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "25    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rays chall...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "28    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Braves cha...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "23    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Royals cha...   4      Stands  \n",
       "22    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...   4   Confirmed  \n",
       "24    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Giants cha...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "29    \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Dodgers ch...   5      Stands  \n",
       "...                                                 ...  ..         ...  \n",
       "5215  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Dodgers ch...   3  Overturned  \n",
       "5210  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...   3  Overturned  \n",
       "5209  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...   3      Stands  \n",
       "5208  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...   3  Overturned  \n",
       "5211  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...   3  Overturned  \n",
       "5216  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Blue Jays ...   4      Stands  \n",
       "5217  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Pirates ch...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "5218  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Astros cha...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "5219  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Reds chall...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "5220  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Yankees ch...   4  Overturned  \n",
       "5221  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Red Sox ch...   4   Confirmed  \n",
       "5227  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rangers ch...   5   Confirmed  \n",
       "5228  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Rangers ch...   5   Confirmed  \n",
       "5229  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Angels cha...   5   Confirmed  \n",
       "5226  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Umpire rev...   5      Stands  \n",
       "5223  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...   5   Confirmed  \n",
       "5224  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cardinals ...   5      Stands  \n",
       "5222  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Tigers cha...   5  Overturned  \n",
       "5225  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Reds chall...   5      Stands  \n",
       "5239  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            White Sox ...   6      Stands  \n",
       "5230  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Phillies c...   6  Overturned  \n",
       "5231  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Marlins ch...   6  Overturned  \n",
       "5232  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Braves cha...   6  Overturned  \n",
       "5233  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Royals cha...   6  Overturned  \n",
       "5234  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Giants cha...   6  Overturned  \n",
       "5235  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Reds chall...   6      Stands  \n",
       "5236  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Royals cha...   6  Overturned  \n",
       "5237  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Indians ch...   6   Confirmed  \n",
       "5238  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            D-backs ch...   6      Stands  \n",
       "5240  \\n\\n\\n\\n                            Cubs chall...   6   Confirmed  \n",
       "\n",
       "[5241 rows x 23 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "inner_merge"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "inner_merge['labels']=inner_merge.overturned.apply(lambda x: 1 if x=='Yes' else 0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "X=inner_merge[['challenger', 'In', 'Umpire', 'day', 'play_type']]\n",
    "X2=inner_merge[['In','Umpire','day','play_type']]\n",
    "y=inner_merge[['labels']]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from catboost import CatBoostClassifier, cv, Pool\n",
    "from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split, cross_val_score\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import log_loss"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test =train_test_split(X,y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x2_train, x2_test, y_train, y_test =train_test_split(X2,y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ctboost=CatBoostClassifier(loss_function='Logloss',l2_leaf_reg=5,random_seed=123)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<catboost.core._CatBoostBase at 0x12f29a8d0>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 50,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ctboost.fit(x_train,y_train,cat_features=[0,1,2,3,4])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 51,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.68597374872160588"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 51,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "log_loss(y_train,ctboost.predict_proba(x_train))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.69825967924962828"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "log_loss(y_test,ctboost.predict_proba(x_test))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "0.684678577216\n",
      "0.697925574331\n",
      "2\n",
      "0.680274170547\n",
      "0.698043348444\n",
      "3\n",
      "0.679534505564\n",
      "0.697720445504\n",
      "4\n",
      "0.683648640184\n",
      "0.698697457586\n",
      "5\n",
      "0.685973748722\n",
      "0.69825967925\n",
      "6\n",
      "0.685741882247\n",
      "0.697174984631\n",
      "7\n",
      "0.683705665979\n",
      "0.696858386334\n",
      "8\n",
      "0.685524137532\n",
      "0.696691120706\n",
      "9\n",
      "0.686513791335\n",
      "0.698554574153\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(1,10):\n",
    "    ctboost=CatBoostClassifier(loss_function='Logloss',l2_leaf_reg=i,random_seed=123)\n",
    "    ctboost.fit(x_train,y_train,cat_features=[0,1,2,3,4])\n",
    "    print i\n",
    "    print log_loss(y_train,ctboost.predict_proba(x_train))\n",
    "    print log_loss(y_test,ctboost.predict_proba(x_test))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ctboost2=CatBoostClassifier(loss_function='Logloss',l2_leaf_reg=5,random_seed=123)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 55,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<catboost.core._CatBoostBase at 0x12f29ad10>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ctboost2.fit(x2_train,y_train,cat_features=[0,1,2,3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 56,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.60884951507064966"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "log_loss(y_train,ctboost2.predict_proba(x2_train))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.62656993062167121"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "log_loss(y_test,ctboost2.predict_proba(x2_test))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 58,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<catboost.core._CatBoostBase at 0x12f2c8590>"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ctboost=CatBoostClassifier(loss_function='Logloss',l2_leaf_reg=5,random_seed=123)\n",
    "ctboost2=CatBoostClassifier(loss_function='Logloss',l2_leaf_reg=5,random_seed=123)\n",
    "ctboost.fit(X,y,cat_features=[0,1,2,3,4])\n",
    "ctboost2.fit(X2,y,cat_features=[0,1,2,3])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Now, the model will output expected probability. Now we have to convert that value taking into consideration that we are modeling on all \"challengeable\" plays. To model the total number of reasonably \"challengeable\" plays find the max for any team. To model the total \"successes\" find the max of successes for any team. (Maybe come back to it, but find the umpire challenges also)."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 59,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "team_games={'ANA': 3,\n",
    " 'ARI': 0,\n",
    " 'ATL': 0,\n",
    " 'BAL': 8,\n",
    " 'BOS': 3,\n",
    " 'CHA': 0,\n",
    " 'CHN': 28,\n",
    " 'CIN': 0,\n",
    " 'CLE': 15,\n",
    " 'COL': 0,\n",
    " 'DET': 3,\n",
    " 'HOU': 6,\n",
    " 'KCA': 31,\n",
    " 'LAN': 20,\n",
    " 'MIA': 0,\n",
    " 'MIL': 0,\n",
    " 'MIN': 0,\n",
    " 'NYA': 1,\n",
    " 'NYN': 15,\n",
    " 'OAK': 1,\n",
    " 'PHI': 0,\n",
    " 'PIT': 2,\n",
    " 'SDN': 0,\n",
    " 'SEA': 0,\n",
    " 'SFN': 21,\n",
    " 'SLN': 13,\n",
    " 'TBA': 0,\n",
    " 'TEX': 8,\n",
    " 'TOR': 21,\n",
    " 'UMP': 0,\n",
    " 'WAS': 9}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 60,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "three_seasons=162*3*30/2\n",
    "beg_2017=27*4*30/2\n",
    "aug2017=12*30/2\n",
    "playoffs=sum(team_games.values())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 61,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "total_games=three_seasons+beg_2017+aug2017+playoffs"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "9298"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 62,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "total_games"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#calculate games played per team, 162 for 2 + 106 from 2016 (through 7/31) plus playoffs, ump=6515 from previous summing\n",
    "inner_merge['games_played']=inner_merge.challenger2.apply(lambda x: 162*3+118+team_games[x] if x!='UMP' else total_games)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#total challenges for a team\n",
    "inner_merge['tot_challenges']=inner_merge.challenger2.apply(lambda x: len(inner_merge[inner_merge.challenger2==x]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 65,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#divided by total games played\n",
    "inner_merge['challenge_p_g']=inner_merge.tot_challenges/inner_merge.games_played"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 66,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#total succesful challenges per team per game\n",
    "inner_merge['tot_suc']=inner_merge.challenger2.apply(lambda x: len(inner_merge[(inner_merge.challenger2==x)&(inner_merge.overturned=='Yes')]))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 67,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#total successful challenges per team per game\n",
    "inner_merge['tot_suc_p_g']=inner_merge.tot_suc/inner_merge.games_played"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 68,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#list of challenges only iniatable by umpire\n",
    "ump_plays=[x for x in inner_merge.play_type.unique() if x not in inner_merge[inner_merge.challenger2!='UMP'].play_type.unique()]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#total umpire initiated challenges\n",
    "tot_ump_c=len(inner_merge[(inner_merge.play_type.isin(ump_plays)==False)&(inner_merge.challenger2=='UMP')])/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#total umpire-initiated where overturned\n",
    "tot_ump_s=len(inner_merge[(inner_merge.play_type.isin(ump_plays)==False)&(inner_merge.challenger2=='UMP')&(inner_merge.overturned=='Yes')])/2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#average umpire issued challenges per game\n",
    "ucpg=float(tot_ump_c)/total_games"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#average umpire overturned per game\n",
    "uspg=float(tot_ump_s)/total_games"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#average team challenge per game\n",
    "avg_c_p_g=inner_merge[inner_merge.challenger2!='UMP'].groupby('challenger2').challenge_p_g.mean().mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#average team success per game\n",
    "avg_s_p_g=inner_merge[inner_merge.challenger2!='UMP'].groupby('challenger2').tot_suc_p_g.mean().mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#approximating \"close calls\" set by finding most aggressive and most succesfull counts\n",
    "max_c_p_g=inner_merge.challenge_p_g.unique().max()+ucpg"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "max_s_p_g=inner_merge.tot_suc_p_g.unique().max()+uspg"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 77,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#finally, we use conv_f to factor in how much to lower the output of the probability model\n",
    "conv_f=(max_s_p_g/max_c_p_g)/(avg_s_p_g/avg_c_p_g)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 78,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.89255340852778109"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 78,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "conv_f"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Part III Calculate the \"opportunity cost\" of a lost challenge"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import mlbgame"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#winner function inputs a team and date and leverages mlbgame package to output if the team won that game\n",
    "def winner(challenger,date):\n",
    "    winner=mlbgame.day(date.year,date.month,date.day,home=inv_teams[challenger],away=inv_teams[challenger])\n",
    "    if len(winner)<1:\n",
    "        return 'Wrong Input'\n",
    "    elif winner[0].w_team==inv_teams[challenger]:\n",
    "        return 1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        return 0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 81,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "inner_merge['won_game']=inner_merge.apply(lambda row: winner(row['Tm'], row['Date']), axis=1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#finding winning percentage, given lost challenge\n",
    "winning_pct_lost=inner_merge[(inner_merge.challenger2!='UMP')&(inner_merge.overturned=='No')].won_game.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 83,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#finding winning percentage, given won challenge\n",
    "winning_pct_won=inner_merge[(inner_merge.challenger2!='UMP')&(inner_merge.overturned=='Yes')].won_game.mean()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ocpo=(.5-inner_merge[(inner_merge.challenger2!='UMP')&(inner_merge.overturned=='No')&(inner_merge.inning==1)].won_game.mean())/49"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 85,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.00045689917758148053"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 85,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#opportunity cost per out\n",
    "ocpo"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 86,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "upper_lim=(.5-winning_pct_lost)/49"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.0012953742138667643"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 87,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "upper_lim"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Testing Model"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Inputs needed:\n",
    "1. Team\n",
    "2. day\n",
    "3. umpire\n",
    "4. play type\n",
    "5. before challenge\n",
    " - Inning\n",
    " - Top/Bottom\n",
    " - Outs\n",
    " - Runners on What base\n",
    " - score differential\n",
    "6. after challenge:\n",
    " - Inning\n",
    " - Top/Bottom\n",
    " - Outs\n",
    " - Runners on What base\n",
    " - score differential\n",
    "7. team vs. general variable"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#logistic regression with gridsearch\n",
    "def exp_val(team,day,umpire,play_type,inning1,inning2,half1,half2,outs1,outs2,fb1,fb2,sb1,sb2,tb1,tb2,dif1,dif2,weights=.5,opcost=ocpo):\n",
    "\n",
    "    #finds the potential gain of an overturned call in WPA\n",
    "    gain=abs(win_exp(inning2,half2,fb2,sb2,tb2,outs2,dif2)-win_exp(inning1,half1,fb1,sb1,tb1,outs1,dif1))\n",
    "    \n",
    "    vec1=pd.Series([team,inning1,umpire,day,play_type]).reshape(1,5)\n",
    "    vec2=pd.Series([inning1,umpire,day,play_type]).reshape(1,4)\n",
    "    #generates the probability of success, using team tendency\n",
    "    prob=ctboost.predict_proba(vec1)[0][1]\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #generates the probability of success based on general model\n",
    "    prob2=ctboost2.predict_proba(vec2)[0][1]*conv_f\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #attaches weights to each of the two probabilities\n",
    "    weighted_prob=weights*prob+(1-weights)*prob2\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #multiplies all together to get the expected upside of overturned call\n",
    "    upside=gain*weighted_prob\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #find out how many outs remaining to project downside of call\n",
    "    if half1==1:\n",
    "        remaining=(9-inning1)*6+4+3+3-outs1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        remaining=(9-inning1)*6+4+3-outs1\n",
    "    \n",
    "    #downside is number of outs remaining times cost per out\n",
    "    downside=(1-weighted_prob)*remaining*opcost\n",
    "    \n",
    "    return upside-downside"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 89,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:7: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead\n",
      "/Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:8: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.068266715347986284"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 89,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#predict a Mets overturned call, on Tuesday, Joe West umpire, force play at home, 1st inning none on no outs\n",
    "exp_val('NYN',3,'Joe West','Force play',1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 90,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "test_val=['NYN',3,'Joe West','Force play',1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 91,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "test_val2='NYN',3,'Joe West','Force play',1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 92,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:7: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead\n",
      "/Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:8: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.072653870095026635"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 92,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "exp_val(*test_val)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def model_viz(team,day,umpire,play_type,inning1,inning2,half1,half2,outs1,outs2,fb1,fb2,sb1,sb2,tb1,tb2,dif1,dif2):\n",
    "    team_adj=[]\n",
    "    for i in np.linspace(0,1,11):\n",
    "        oc_adj=[]\n",
    "        for j in np.linspace(ocpo,upper_lim,11):\n",
    "            oc_adj.append(exp_val(team,day,umpire,play_type,inning1,inning2,half1,half2,\n",
    "                                  outs1,outs2,fb1,fb2,sb1,sb2,tb1,tb2,dif1,dif2,weights=i, opcost=j))\n",
    "        team_adj.append(oc_adj)\n",
    "        \n",
    "    df=pd.DataFrame(team_adj,index=np.linspace(0,1,11))\n",
    "\n",
    "    htmp=sns.heatmap(df,center=0,annot=True,yticklabels=[str(i*100)[:-2]+'%' for i in np.linspace(0,1,11)])\n",
    "    htmp.set(xlabel='Opportunity Cost Estimates (lowest to highest)',ylabel='Similarity to Past Challenges')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 94,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:7: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead\n",
      "/Users/moshelaster/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:8: FutureWarning: reshape is deprecated and will raise in a subsequent release. Please use .values.reshape(...) instead\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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2Sls6n72MzufrRxJo0c/slFbbS07p/mu/wK2eUxrgxtEEmlt4pQvr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4rT67dycsV6MrrBsYXL09VXOvbs+cfaU9pVJKaj57NSygs9CScfcB3oLCKXnL7TBXgDiAM+FpHF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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<matplotlib.figure.Figure at 0x11153a110>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model_viz(*test_val)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 2",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python2"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 2
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
   "version": "2.7.12"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 0
}