diff --git a/lib/types/epson.js b/lib/types/epson.js
index 062510a..2f10718 100644
--- a/lib/types/epson.js
+++ b/lib/types/epson.js
@@ -47,44 +47,29 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
   // ------------------------------ CODE 128 ------------------------------
   code128(data, settings) {
     this.buffer = null;
-    settings = settings || {
+    settings = {
       hriPos: 0,
       hriFont: 0,
       width: 3,
-      height: 162
+      height: 162,
+      ...settings
     };
 
-    // Set HRI characters Position, 0-3 (none, top, bottom, top/bottom)
-    if (settings.hriPos) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x48])); // GS H
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriPos]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x48, 0x00]));
-    }
+    // Set HRI characters Position, 0-3 (none, top, bottom, top/bottom), default 0 none
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x48])); // GS H
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriPos]));
 
     // Set HRI character font. 0-4, 48-52, 97, 98 (depending on printer, 0 and 1 available on all), default 0
-    if (settings.hriFont) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x66])); // GS f
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriFont]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x66, 0x00]));
-    }
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x66])); // GS f
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriFont]));
 
     // Set width 2-6, default 3
-    if (settings.width) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x77])); // GS W
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.width]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x77, 0x03]));
-    }
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x77])); // GS W
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.width]));
 
     // Set height 1 - 255 default 162
-    if (settings.height) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x68])); // GS h
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.height]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x68, 0xA2]));
-    }
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x68])); // GS h
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.height]));
 
     // Print Barcode
     this.append(this.config.BARCODE_CODE128);
@@ -99,7 +84,12 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
   // ------------------------------ QR ------------------------------
   printQR(str, settings) {
     this.buffer = null;
-    settings = settings || {};
+    settings = {
+      model: 2,
+      cellSize: 3,
+      correction: 'M',
+      ...settings
+    };
 
     // [Name] Select the QR code model
     // [Code] 1D 28 6B 04 00 31 41 n1 n2
@@ -109,24 +99,16 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
     // [51 x33, micro qr code]
     // n2 = 0
     // https://reference.epson-biz.com/modules/ref_escpos/index.php?content_id=140
-    if (settings.model) {
-      if (settings.model === 1) this.append(this.config.QRCODE_MODEL1);
-      else if (settings.model === 3) this.append(this.config.QRCODE_MODEL3);
-      else this.append(this.config.QRCODE_MODEL2);
-    } else {
-      this.append(this.config.QRCODE_MODEL2);
-    }
+    if (settings.model === 1) this.append(this.config.QRCODE_MODEL1);
+    else if (settings.model === 3) this.append(this.config.QRCODE_MODEL3);
+    else this.append(this.config.QRCODE_MODEL2);
 
     // [Name]: Set the size of module
     // 1D 28 6B 03 00 31 43 n
     // n depends on the printer
     // https://reference.epson-biz.com/modules/ref_escpos/index.php?content_id=141
-    if (settings.cellSize) {
-      const i = 'QRCODE_CELLSIZE_'.concat(settings.cellSize.toString());
-      this.append(this.config[i]);
-    } else {
-      this.append(this.config.QRCODE_CELLSIZE_3);
-    }
+    const size = 'QRCODE_CELLSIZE_'.concat(settings.cellSize.toString());
+    this.append(this.config[size]);
 
     // [Name] Select the error correction level
     // 1D 28 6B 03 00 31 45 n
@@ -136,12 +118,8 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
     // [50 x32 -> 25%]
     // [51 x33 -> 30%]
     // https://reference.epson-biz.com/modules/ref_escpos/index.php?content_id=142
-    if (settings.correction) {
-      const i = 'QRCODE_CORRECTION_'.concat(settings.correction.toUpperCase());
-      this.append(this.config[i]);
-    } else {
-      this.append(this.config.QRCODE_CORRECTION_M);
-    }
+    const correction = 'QRCODE_CORRECTION_'.concat(settings.correction.toUpperCase());
+    this.append(this.config[correction]);
 
     // [Name] Store the data in the symbol storage area
     // 1D 28  6B pL pH 31 50 30 d1...dk
@@ -163,44 +141,30 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
   // ------------------------------ PDF417 ------------------------------
   pdf417(data, settings) {
     this.buffer = null;
-    settings = settings || {};
+    settings = {
+      correction: 1,
+      rowHeight: 3,
+      width: 3,
+      columns: 0,
+      truncated: false,
+      ...settings
+    };
 
-    // Set error correction ratio 1 - 40
-    if (settings.correction) {
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_CORRECTION);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.correction]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_CORRECTION);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x01]));
-    }
+    // Set error correction ratio 1 - 40, default 1
+    this.append(this.config.PDF417_CORRECTION);
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.correction]));
 
-    // Set row height 2 - 8
-    if (settings.rowHeight) {
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_ROW_HEIGHT);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.rowHeight]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_ROW_HEIGHT);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x03]));
-    }
+    // Set row height 2 - 8, default 3
+    this.append(this.config.PDF417_ROW_HEIGHT);
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.rowHeight]));
 
-    // Set width of module 2 - 8
-    if (settings.width) {
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_WIDTH);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.width]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_WIDTH);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x03]));
-    }
+    // Set width of module 2 - 8, default 3
+    this.append(this.config.PDF417_WIDTH);
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.width]));
 
-    // Manually set columns 1 - 30
-    if (settings.columns) {
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_COLUMNS);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.columns]));
-    } else {
-      // Default to auto
-      this.append(this.config.PDF417_COLUMNS);
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x00]));
-    }
+    // Manually set columns 1 - 30, default auto
+    this.append(this.config.PDF417_COLUMNS);
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.columns]));
 
     // Standard or truncated option
     if (settings.truncated) this.append(this.config.PDF417_OPTION_TRUNCATED);
@@ -223,7 +187,10 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
   // ------------------------------ MAXI CODE ------------------------------
   maxiCode(data, settings) {
     this.buffer = null;
-    settings = settings || {};
+    settings = {
+      mode: 4,
+      ...settings
+    };
 
     // Maxi Mode
     // 2 - Formatted data/structured Carrier Message with a numeric postal code. (US)
@@ -231,16 +198,11 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
     // 4 - Unformatted data/Standard Error Correction.
     // 5 - Unformatted data/Enhanced Error Correction.
     // 6 - Used for programming hardware devices.
-
-    if (settings.mode) {
-      if (settings.mode == 2) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE2);
-      else if (settings.mode == 3) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE3);
-      else if (settings.mode == 5) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE5);
-      else if (settings.mode == 6) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE6);
-      else this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE4);
-    } else {
-      this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE4);
-    }
+    if (settings.mode == 2) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE2);
+    else if (settings.mode == 3) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE3);
+    else if (settings.mode == 5) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE5);
+    else if (settings.mode == 6) this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE6);
+    else this.append(this.config.MAXI_MODE4);
 
     // Setup size of MaxiCode data
     const s = data.length + 3;
@@ -260,50 +222,41 @@ class Epson extends PrinterType {
   // ------------------------------ BARCODE ------------------------------
   printBarcode(data, type, settings) {
     this.buffer = null;
-    settings = settings || {};
+    settings = {
+      hriPos: 0,
+      hriFont: 0,
+      width: 3,
+      height: 162,
+      ...settings
+    };
 
     // Set HRI characters Position, 0-3 (none, top, bottom, top/bottom)
-    if (settings.hriPos) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x48])); // GS H
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriPos]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x48, 0x00]));
-    }
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x48])); // GS H
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriPos]));
 
     // Set HRI character font. 0-4, 48-52, 97, 98 (depending on printer, 0 and 1 available on all), default 0
-    if (settings.hriFont) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x66])); // GS f
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriFont]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x66, 0x00]));
-    }
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x66])); // GS f
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.hriFont]));
 
     // Set width 2-6, default 3
-    if (settings.width) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x77])); // GS W
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.width]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x77, 0x03]));
-    }
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x77])); // GS W
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.width]));
 
     // Set height 1 - 255 default 162
-    if (settings.height) {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x68])); // GS h
-      this.append(Buffer.from([settings.height]));
-    } else {
-      this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x68, 0xA2]));
-    }
+    this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x68])); // GS h
+    this.append(Buffer.from([settings.height]));
 
     // Print Barcode
     this.append(Buffer.from([0x1d, 0x6b])); // GS k
+
     // Select type and bit length of data
     if (type == 73) {
       this.append(Buffer.from([type, data.length + 2]));
       this.append(Buffer.from([0x7b, 0x42]));
-    }
-    else {
+    } else {
       this.append(Buffer.from([type, data.length]));
     }
+
     // Data
     this.append(Buffer.from(data));