Data Prep Kit

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Data Prep Kit is a community project to democratize and accelerate unstructured data preparation for LLM app developers. With the explosive growth of LLM-enabled use cases, developers are faced with the enormous challenge of preparing use case-specific unstructured data to fine-tune or instruct-tune the LLMs. As the variety of use cases grows, so does the need to support:

• New modalities of data (code, language, speech, visual)
• New ways of transforming the data to optimize the performance of the resulting LLMs for each specific use case.
• A large variety in the scale of data to be processed, from laptop-scale to datacenter-scale

Data Prep Kit offers implementations of commonly needed data transformations, called modules, for both Code and Language modalities. The goal is to offer high-level APIs for developers to quickly get started in working with their data, without needing expertise in the underlying runtimes and frameworks.

📝 Table of Contents

• About
• Setup
• Getting Started
• How to Contribute
• Acknowledgments

📖 About

Data Prep Kit is a toolkit for streamlining data preparation for developers looking to build LLM-enabled applications via fine-tuning or instruction-tuning. Data Prep Kit contributes a set of modules that the developer can get started with to easily build data pipelines suitable for their use case. These modules have been tested while producing pre-training datasets for the Granite open models, here and here.

The modules are built on common frameworks (for Spark and Ray), called the data processing library that allows the developers to build new custom modules that readily scale across a variety of runtimes. Eventually, Data Prep Kit will offer consistent APIs and configurations across the following underlying runtimes.

1. Python runtime
2. Ray runtime (local and distributed)
3. Spark runtime (local and distributed)
4. No-code pipelines with KFP (local and distributed, wrapping Ray)

The current matrix for the combination of modules and supported runtimes is shown in the table below. Contributors are welcome to add new modules as well as add runtime support for existing modules!

Modules	Python-only	Ray	Spark	KFP on Ray
No-op / template	✅	✅		✅
Doc ID annotation	✅	✅		✅
Programming language annnotation	✅	✅		✅
Exact dedup filter		✅		✅
Fuzzy dedup filter		✅		✅
Code quality annotation	✅	✅		✅
Malware annotation	✅	✅		✅
Filter on annotations	✅	✅	✅	✅
Tokenize	✅	✅		✅

Features of the toolkit:

• It aims to accelerate unstructured data prep for the "long tail" of LLM use cases.
• It offers a growing set of module implementations across multiple runtimes, targeting laptop-scale to datacenter-scale processing.
• It provides a growing set of sample pipelines developed for real enterprise use cases.
• It provides the Data processing library to enable contribution of new custom modules targeting new use cases.
• It uses Kube Flow Pipelines-based workflow automation for no-code data prep.

Data modalities supported:

• Code - support for code datasets as downloaded .zip files of GitHub repositories converted to parquet files.
• Language - Future releases will provide transforms specific to natural language, and like the code transformations, will operate on parquet files.

Support for additional data modalities is expected in the future.

Data Processing Library

A Python-based library that has ready-to-use transforms that can be supported across a variety of runtimes. We use the popular parquet format to store the data (code or language). Every parquet file follows a set schema. Data is converted from raw form (e.g., zip files for GitHub repositories) to parquet files by the ingest2parquet tool that also adds the necessary fields in the schema.
A user can then use one or more of the available transforms to process their data.

Transform Design

A transform can follow one of the two patterns: annotator or filter.

• Annotator An annotator transform adds information during the processing by adding one more columns to the parquet files. The annotator design also allows a user to verify the results of the processing before the actual filtering of the data.

• Filter A filter transform processes the data and outputs the transformed data, e.g., exact deduplication. A general purpose SQL-based filter transform enables a powerful mechanism for identifying columns and rows of interest for downstream processing. For a new module to be added, a user can pick the right design based on the processing to be applied. More details here.

Scaling of Transforms

To enable processing of large data volumes leveraging multi-mode clusters, Ray and Spark wrappers are provided, to readily scale out the Python implementations. A generalized workflow is shown here.

Bring Your Own Transform

One can add new transforms by bringing in Python-based processing logic and using the Data Processing Library to build and contribute transforms. More details on the data processing library are here.

Automation

The toolkit also supports transform execution automation based on Kubeflow pipelines (KFP), tested on Kind clusters. The KFP implementation is based on the KubeRay Operator for creating and managing the Ray cluster and KubeRay API server to interact with the KubeRay operator. An additional framework along with several kfp components is used to simplify the pipeline implementation.

⚙ Setup

We tried the project on different hardware/software configurations (see Apple/Mac considerations.) We recommend using a laptop with at least 16GB of memory and 8 CPU cores for development without KFP, and at least 32GB and preferably 16 CPU cores if you plan to run KFP on Kind.

Prerequisites

• Python 3.10 or 3.11
• Docker/Podman

Two important tools will also be installed using the steps below:

• pre-commit
• twine

Installation Steps

pip install pre-commit
pip install twine
...
git clone git@github.com:IBM/data-prep-kit.git
cd data-prep-kit
pre-commit install

🚀 Getting Started

There are various entry points that you can choose based on the use case. Below are a few demos to get you started.

Build Your Own Transforms

Follow the documentation here to build your own transform and run it in either the python or Ray runtimes.

Run a Single Transform on Local Ray

Get started by running the "noop" transform that performs an identity operation by following the tutorial and associated noop implementation.

Run a Data Pipeline on Local Ray

Get started by building a data pipeline with our example pipeline (link to be added) that can run on a laptop.

Automate a Pipeline

The data preprocessing can be automated by running transformers as a KubeFlow pipeline (KFP). See this simple transform pipeline tutorial. See multi-steps pipeline if you want to combine several data transformation steps.

The project facilitates the creation of a local Kind cluster with all the required software and test data. To work with the Kind cluster and KFP, you need to install several required software packages. Please refer to prerequisite software for more details.

When you have all those packages installed, you can execute the following setup command,

make setup

from this main package directory or from the kind directory.

When you finish working with the cluster, you can destroy it by running,

make clean

How to Navigate and Use the Repository

See the documentation on repository structure and its use.

🤝 How to Contribute

See the contribution guide

⭐ Acknowledgements

Thanks to the BigCode Project, which built the code quality module.