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README.SOWFA
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README.SOWFA
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All of these files compose the current version of the SOWFA (Simulator for
Offshore Wind Farm Applications), created at the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL). The files are based on the OpenFOAM software and are
either new files or modifications of files in the OpenFOAM source code
distribution. Please see the included OpenFOAM readme file
("README.OpenFOAM") and the GPL licence information ("COPYING"). Access
to and use of SOWPA imposes obligations on the user, as set forth in the
NWTC Design Codes DATA USE DISCLAIMER AGREEMENT that can be found at
<https://nwtc.nrel.gov/disclaimer>.
Required OpenFOAM Version: 2.3.x or 2.4.x
Optional OpenFAST Version: dev
Solvers and Codes Included:
A. Solvers
1. ABLSolver - A solver, primarily for performing large-eddy simulation
(LES), for computing atmospheric boundary layer turbulent flow with
the ability to specify surface roughness, stability, and wind speed
and direction. It must be used with hexahedral meshes (like those
created by OpenFOAM's blockMesh utility) in order for it to perform
the planar averaging it does.
2. ABLTerrainSolver - Basically the same as ABLSolver, but the planar
averaging done in ABLSolver is replaced with time averaging since
planar averaging does not make sense for terrain.
3. windPlantSolver.<X> - A specialized version of ABLTerrainSolver for
performing LES of wind plant flow. It includes the ability to
include actuator line turbine models with local grid refinement
around the turbine. The <X> corresponds to the turbine type and is
"ALM", "ADM", "ALMAdvanced", or "ALMAdvancedFASTv8".
5. pisoFoamTurbine.<X> - OpenFOAM's standard pisoFoam solver, but with the
actuator turbine models included. This is useful for simple cases, or
for cases where atmospheric effects are not important, like turbines
in wind tunnels.
6. turbineTestHarness.<X> - A simple code coupled to the actuator line model
that allows you to quickly test a actuator line model setup. It mimics
pisoFoam, but the governing equations are not actually solved, the
velocity field is constant through the domain, but can change as a
function of time. Therefore, no axial induction is computed. But, it
lets one quickly test out a new actuator line model setup to see if
things like pitch control gains are appropriate.
NOTE: These solvers have been primarily tested for flow over flat terrain.
We have tested the non-flat terrain capabilities less, but will do so in the
future. It is important to remember, though, that you may couple the
actuator line models with any standard OpenFOAM solver, such as pisoFoam.
B. Utilities
1. setFieldsABL - A utility to initialize the flow field for performing
atmospheric boundary layer LES. With the utility, you can specify
an initial mean profile and perturbations that accelerate the
development of turbulence will be superimposed. You may also
specify the initial temperature profile and location and strength
of the capping inversion.
C. Libraries
1. finiteVolume - Contains custom boundary conditions for:
*surface shear stress - Schumann model
*surface temperature flux / heating - Specify a surface cooling/
heating rate and the appropriate temperature flux is calculated
*surface velocity - For use with surface shear stress model,
which requires no wall-parallel velocity, but that velocity
is required for specification of the gradient for the SGS
model, and setting it to no-slip is not appropriate for rough
walls
*inflow velocity - an inflow condition that applies a log-law
with fluctuations and drives flow to a certain speed at a
specified location
*inflow temperature - an inflow temperature condition that
attempts to recreate a typical ABL potential temperature
profile
*time varying mapped fixed value with organized random
perturbations. Useful for taking inflow from a mesoscale
weather model and applying temperature perturbations to
create resolved-scale turbulence.
2. incompressible LES models -
*a modified version of OpenFOAM standard Smagorinsky model
with Pr_t sensitization to atmospheric stability.
*Deardorff-Lilly one-equation model.
*Kosovic nonlinear backscatter anisotropy one-equation model.
*a modified version of OpenFOAM standard dynamic
Lagrangian model of Meneveau et al. but that writes out
the Cs field. Also, contains a modified version of
that same model that clips the Cs field.
3. turbineModelsStandard - Contains the actuator line/disk turbine
models similar to that outlined by Sorensen and Shen (2002).
4. turbineModelsFASTv8 - Actuator line model with coupling to FAST 8
(see http://wind.nrel.gov/designcodes/simulators/fast/) meant for
coupling with the windPlantSolver.ALMAdvancedFASTv8 solver.
5. postProcessing - Function objects to simulate the sampling patterns
of scanning lidar. Useful for simulating lidar to understand its
capabilities and limitations.
6. fileFormats - Adds a structured VTK file format that cuts down
on file size by greatly eliminating the write out of x,y,z points.
7. sampling - Adds a sampling set that defines an annulus. Useful
for sampling annuli in rotor plane to see blade-local flow. Also
adds a sampling set that does a structured array in a more
straightforward way than the standard OpenFOAM structured array.
Installation/Compiling:
OpenFOAM:
The included codes work only with the OpenFOAM CFD Toolbox. The SOWFA
repository does not include OpenFOAM. Please visit
github.com/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-2.4.x and github.com/OpenFOAM/ThirdParty-2.4.x
to download and install OpenFOAM. This release of SOWFA is meant to work
with up to OpenFOAM-2.4.x. Making SOWFA work with versions 3.0 and higher
may come in the near future.
OpenFAST:
If you want to use the optional OpenFAST coupling (OpenFAST is NREL wind
turbine aero/structural/system dynamics tool), you will also need to
download and install this from github.com/OpenFAST/openfast making sure
to use the dev branch.
SOWFA:
Once OpenFOAM and OpenFAST (optional) are installed and SOWFA downloaded,
please follow these steps:
1. Put the SOWFA directory where you want it using git clone.
2 The SOWFA repository includes a .bash_profile example file with a
function to load the environment variables for your version of OpenFOAM
and SOWFA. Please adapt this and use it as necessary and get the
environment variables properly loaded. One point is that the variable
WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR will be where SOWFA gets compiled. For example,
WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR might get set to SOWFA-2.4.x. Then you will have
your original SOWFA clean repository and a compilation repository
specific to the version of OpenFOAM you are using. (This may be helpful
when we make SOWFA compatible with 5.0.x or v1712 within the near
future). Or, you can just set WM_PROJECT_USER_DIR to SOWFA so that
compilation happens in the SOWFA repository that you downloaded from
github.
3. Run ./Allwclean
4. Run ./Allwmake
5. Optionally run ./Allwclean again to clean up any extraneous files.
6. Make sure that no error messages appeared and that all libraries and
applications are listed as "up to date."
Running Tutorials:
Tutorial example cases are provide for each solver. The tutorials are
as follows
1. example.ABL.flatTerrain.neutral
example.ABL.flatTerrain.unstable
example.ABL.flatTerrain.stable
-Example cases for computing flat-terrain laterally periodic precursor
atmospheric large-eddy simulations under the full range of stability.
-Uses ABLSolver
2. example.ALM
example.ALMAdvanced
example.ADM
-Example cases that use the actuator turbine models using the
windPlantSolver.<X> solvers. These cases assume that a precursor
case has been run to generate inflow velocity and temperature
data. Because the inflow data is large, we did not include it here.
-Uses windPlantSolver.ALM
windPlantSolver.ADM
windPlantSolver.ALMAdvanced
3. example.NREL5MW.ALMAdvancedFAST8
-Example case that uses the FAST 8 coupled actuator line turbine model.
The example is a single rotor in uniform, non-turbulent inflow.
-Uses pisoFoamTurbine.ALMAdvancedFAST8
4. example.UAE_PhaseVI.ALMAdvanced/
-A case with the setup of the NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment
Phase VI, in the NASA Ames 80'x120' wind tunnel.
-Uses pisoFoamTurbine.ALMAdvanced
5. example.mesoscaleInfluence.SWiFTsiteLubbock.11Nov2013Diurnal
-An example of using mesoscale influence to drive the atmospheric
boundary layer LES. This case is driven by WRF model output
for the DOE/Sandia Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) site in
Lubbock, Texas. The terrain is flat with laterally periodic
boundaries in this example. The case has enough WRF output
contained in the "forcing" directory to simulate two diurnal
cycles starting November 11, 2013 at 00:00:00 UTC.
To run a tutorial, change to that tutorial directory and run the
"runscript.preprocess" script to set up the mesh, etc. Then run the
"runscript.solve.1" script to run the solver.
These are basic tutorials meant to familiarize the user with the
general file structure of a case and the various input files. They
can be run on a small amount of processors with coarse meshes, but if
that is done, they will generate poor results.